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<mods:title id="6F4CBCE8DD8DD0501A9FC2ED00935A66">The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="938806308DF198FBF99FED49FBB79330">Staines, Charles L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2657C993C3F166E8B06A28555B77F130">Garcia-Robledo, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="C06FC0BF58F0293AA9253F0FEABE0329" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D39DFB896F4CA4B90432571DFE5542E" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2334312CA4CEC9B7A9FF733DBCD97D82" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="3F6C389C4CE219A833AE29773A026B30" ID-CoL="SDC2" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cephaloleia_belti" authority="Baly, 1885" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia belti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belti">Cephaloleia belti Baly, 1885</taxonomicName>
Fig. 85
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B3B561864C0408938213234BAEA0A27" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A12BC0B3564CFFDF7E3E243A93D3AA8B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="004E6620B7A2EC5B94C1B661EC0E2E23" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia belti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belti">Cephaloleia belti</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="0F6461F9822A76E703D03E923F5F000D" author="Baly, JS" editor="Godman, FD" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" title="Biologia CentraliAmericana, Zoology, Insecta, Coleoptera, Phytophaga" year="1885">Baly 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 22.
<bibRefCitation id="263C8B98C6B1EE00C30B720297935236" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="293 - 322" title="On the structure of larvae of hispine beetles-II." volume="1932" year="1932">Maulik 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 97 (host plant),
<bibRefCitation id="3B9E5D84AF8B80D4FE3462E696F5116B" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Series" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="129 - 159" title="Distributional correlation between hispine beetles and their host-plants." volume="1937 A" year="1937">1937</bibRefCitation>
: 132 (host plants);
<bibRefCitation id="9DE7C8AE84A39783870490774F3B3CFC" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" pagination="551 - 763" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1946">Blackwelder 1946</bibRefCitation>
: 718 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="4B5A907E167FED68A9354652E9E5AEF4" author="Papp, CS" journalOrPublisher="Portugaliae Acta Biologica (B)" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 147" title="The Hispinae of America. 3 rd Contribution for promoting the scientifical results of the International Hylean Amazon Institute in Manaos, Brazil." volume="4" year="1953">Papp 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 14 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="3F230CBA35371A7E55BFC823670FA1E6" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="296" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 153" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Supplementa. Chrysomelidae: Hispinae, Hispinae Americanae" year="1957 a">Uhmann 1957a</bibRefCitation>
: 16 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="48116E40186A78D1DA4E06A9F7B9814A" author="Wilcox, JA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Research Institute of America, Latham, NY" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" title="Checklist of the beetles of Canada, United States, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies" year="1983">Wilcox 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 136 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="3E00E393DD16930F99E3DB0BB885D174" author="Maes, JM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" pagination="1 - 53" title="Catalogo de los Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) de Nicaragua." volume="18" year="1991">Maes and Staines 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 36 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="AAFB3A377E75891F7BB40588D1E13C18" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Staines 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 19 (Central America species),
<bibRefCitation id="3D11D9EDEEC117D805366C6E42B00E6A" author="Staines, CL" journalOrPublisher="Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 65" title="The Hispinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of Nicaragua." volume="37 / 38" year="1996 (1997)">1996(1997)</bibRefCitation>
: 14 (Nicaragua species),
<bibRefCitation id="95DA36B634F530C154615875DA5CB5CB" author="Staines, CL" editor="Cox, ML" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="239 - 246" title="Possible mimetic complexes in Central American Cephaloleia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae)." volumeTitle="Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
: 241 (mimicry),
<bibRefCitation id="4CB616B2B47C4EF26F26AB5F2766080F" author="Staines, CL" editor="Jolivet, P" journalOrPublisher="SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="307 - 319" title="Cassidines and Zingiberales: A review of the literature." volumeTitle="New developments in the biology of Chrysomelidae" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
: 312 (host plants),
<bibRefCitation id="38C048D203D7F5FC9D1A4DF85F626451" author="Staines, CL" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="45 - 65" title="Hispines (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica." url="10.3897/zookeys.157.1338" volume="157" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
: 48 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="576BA95BF73607EFC055525F856CF965" author="Maes, JM" journalOrPublisher="SETAB, Leon, Nicaragua" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" pagination="487 - 1169" title="Catalogo de los Insectos y Artropodos terrestres de Nicaragua" year="1999">Maes 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 1016 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="E4E1913FC407DF6AE28087B1540FBED1" author="Staines, CL" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="489 - 530" title="Joseph Sugar Baly: The man and his entomological works." volume="49" year="1999">Staines and Staines 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 523 (Baly species list);
<bibRefCitation id="7B0C0D4A62745ACC6B217BF7AF9FED65" author="McKenna, DD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="117 - 131" title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of host plant use in the Neotropical rolled leaf ' hispine' beetle genus Cephaloleia (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cassidinae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.011" volume="37" year="2005">McKenna and Farrell 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 119 (phylogeny);
<bibRefCitation id="4C567A2491DC456DB4132977A60B0462" author="Meskins, C" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Tropical Insect Science" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="159 - 171" title="A comparison of hispine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) associated with three orders of monocot host plants in lowland Panama." volume="27" year="2008">Meskins et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 163 (host plants),
<bibRefCitation id="CF216225253ACBF2F131CC51411DA834" author="Meskens, C" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="480 - 489" title="Host plant taxonomy and phenotype influence the structure of a Neotropical host plant-hispine beetle food web." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01294.x" volume="36" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
: 483 (food web);
<bibRefCitation id="6EEAB9FC7C83E8B1A0409D70B035E7C7" author="Descampe, A" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="224 - 229" title="Potential and realized feeding niches of Neotropical hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cephaloleiini)." url="10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[224:PARFNO]2.0.CO;2" volume="37" year="2008">Descampe et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 227 (host plants);
<bibRefCitation id="182AD9304FF6F52BF5FB6FD48E72B564" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="50 - 68" title="Larval morphology and development, host plants, adult longevity, sexual dimorphism and notes on natural history in Cephaloleia rolled-leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae)." volume="2610" year="2010">
<normalizedToken id="F47762D6AF361E72FA78490DAAA48AE3" originalValue="García–Robledo">Garcia-Robledo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 51 (larva, biology);
<bibRefCitation id="B3E3CB6B3265CD9DFD696D2B4A50A02D" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" title="Tropical plant-herbivore networks: Reconstructing species interactions using DNA barcodes." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0052967" volume="8" year="2013 a">2013a</bibRefCitation>
: 3 (biology),
<bibRefCitation id="E7E7D7A66F6A339E5E516EBFF3BF1B28" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="189 - 198" title="Using a comprehensive DNA barcode library to detect novel egg and larval host plant associations in a Cephaloleia Rolled-leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." url="10.1111/bij.12115" volume="110" year="2013 b">2013b</bibRefCitation>
: 193 (biology);
<bibRefCitation id="B0CD5A1A2A985CD6FFF2AFBBF5A7DEDE" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Animal Ecology" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="976 - 989" title="Experimental demography and the vital rates of generalist and specialist insect herbivores on native and novel host plants." url="10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01843.x" volume="80" year="2011">
<normalizedToken id="1121BA90AEAEE9D20FD59A9CA222BB7F" originalValue="García–Robledo">Garcia-Robledo</normalizedToken>
and Horvitz 2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 978 (biology),
<bibRefCitation id="AAA24E13E497DACAFCE8D5BF7FE53290" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="38 - 53" title="Jack of all trades masters novel host plants: Positive genetic correlations in specialist and generalist insect herbivores expanding their diets to novel hosts." volume="25" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
: 40 (biology);
<bibRefCitation id="1D442490CB4048B49D478CCDA6BB29FE" author="Lawrence, JF" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warszawa)" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" pagination="1 - 217" title="Phylogeny of the Coleoptera based on morphological characters of adults and larvae." url="10.3161/000345411X576725" volume="61" year="2011">Lawrence et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 13 (nomenclature);
<bibRefCitation id="217AC4B279A26C7C4BE733897CB124C4" author="Barrett, LG" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Plant Science" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" pagination="282 - 292" title="Unifying concepts and mechanisms in the specificity of plant-enemy interactions." url="10.1016/j.tplants.2012.02.009" volume="17" year="2012">Barrett and Heil 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 283 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="73BCD30C0D00B7BABBE854C9ABEE1C49" author="Schmitt, M" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="55 - 69" title="Notes on the ecology of rolled-leaf hispines (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) at La Gamba (Costa Rica)." url="10.3897/zookeys.332.5215" volume="332" year="2013">Schmitt and Frank 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 58 (biology);
<bibRefCitation id="C9AC9CBEB3C555D0B36BEB7B54028D40" author="Sekerka, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Prague" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="303 - 314" title="A new species of Cephaloleia Chevrolat from Panama with description of larva and first record of orchid-feeding in Cephaloleiini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)." volume="53" year="2013">Sekerka et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 304 (noted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF4D43631B6334173076ADE5312809C5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="B0DE06D76235B123DD16DD2E51F7C106" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephalolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephalolia belti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belti">Cephalolia belti</taxonomicName>
Baly.
<bibRefCitation id="167CC9D17243E01807B55644E0888983" author="Donckier, H" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="540 - 615" title="Catalogue systematique des Hispides." volume="68" year="1899">Donckier 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 548 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="36682E52EA0B8D139497E113C4153AE1" author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 94" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus, Chrysomelidae: Hispinae" year="1911 a">Weise 1911a</bibRefCitation>
: 7 (catalog),
<bibRefCitation id="4308E6DFF8346FA99D9EFB0D20076455" author="Weise, J" editor="Wytsman, P" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum, Brussels" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 123" title="Coleoptera Phytophaga fam. Chrysomelidae, subfam. Hispinae." volume="fasc. 125" year="1911 b">1911b</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="399F199BCF333877B5339A0DF576AC9C" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="209 - 256" title="Hispinen aus Costa Rica aus der Ausbeute des Herrn Ferd. Nevermann. 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen (Col. Chrys.)." volume="1" year="1930 a">Uhmann 1930a</bibRefCitation>
: 223 (faunal list),
<bibRefCitation id="16AFF23095F066C90167A4876C26688B" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janiero" pageId="295" pageNumber="296" pagination="109 - 117" title="Amerikanische Hispinen. III. Die Gattung Cephalolia Chevr. (Col. Chrys.). 57. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen." volume="6" year="1936 a">1936a</bibRefCitation>
: 111 (noted),
<bibRefCitation id="351DBF8AFA501356A44F1C0E87EE3538" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janiero" pageId="295" pageNumber="296" pagination="481 - 485" title="Schluessel der mir bekannten Cephaloleia-Arten (Col. Chrys.). 65. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen." volume="6" year="1936 b">1936b</bibRefCitation>
: 485 (key).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECFA3A67CAC01D0A268937314F99A2AA" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="C70DD1BF3BAA64E8D8FDE7A9AA383C2C" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia consanguinea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consanguinea">Cephaloleia consanguinea</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="DA0919F9BDE4060462CF89DE77EC7B27" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="156 - 169" title="Rolled-leaf hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae) and their Zingiberales host plants in Middle America." url="10.2307/2387878" volume="9" year="1977 a">Strong 1977a</bibRefCitation>
: 160 (misidentification).
<bibRefCitation id="2677BBFB8B14B689F084BAB7AB1F719B" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="573 - 582" title="Insect species richness: Hispine beetles of Heliconia latispatha." url="10.2307/1939006" volume="58" year="1977 b">Strong 1977b</bibRefCitation>
: 573 (host plants),
<bibRefCitation id="065B810A4D01BED7B95D90CD67343922" author="Strong, DR" editor="Denno, RF" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="183 - 194" title="The possibility of insect communities without competition: Hispine beetles on Heliconia." url="10.1007/978-1-4612-5941-1_11" volumeTitle="Insect life history patterns habitat and geographic variation" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
: 185 (host plants),
<bibRefCitation id="0585587C84DE33B6CFE7B5E569AA7390" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="217 - 220" title="Potential interspecific competition and host specificity: Hispine beetles on Heliconia." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1982.tb00660.x" volume="7" year="1982 a">1982a</bibRefCitation>
: 218 (host plants),
<bibRefCitation id="B79974469787609D72BC1DC542B26A20" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="1039 - 1049" title="Harmonious coexistence of hispine beetles on Heliconia in experimental and natural communities." url="10.2307/1937243" volume="63" year="1982 b">1982b</bibRefCitation>
: 1041 (host plants);
<bibRefCitation id="60CED954A3B48F085276575922409838" author="Morrison, G" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="55 - 61" title="Spatial variations in egg density and the intensity of parasitism in a neotropical chrysomelid (Cephaloleia consanguinea)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1981.tb00972.x" volume="6" year="1981">Morrison and Strong 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 56 (host plants);
<bibRefCitation id="865D00BC871D97EA81E1B52F3E82AEC2" author="Auerbach, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Monographs" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" pagination="63 - 83" title="Nutritional ecology of Heliconia herbivores: Experiments with plant fertilization and alternative hosts." url="10.2307/2937307" volume="51" year="1981">Auerbach and Strong 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 64 (host plants);
<bibRefCitation id="BBA566C5B792EC2D0551CA4418DA5D19" author="McCoy, ED" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="10 - 13" title="Colonization by herbivores of Heliconia spp. plants (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae)." url="10.2307/2387887" volume="16" year="1984">McCoy 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (biology),
<bibRefCitation id="410224B9D50B0145363BF82C26436C85" author="McCoy, ED" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="326 - 329" title="Interactions among leaf-top herbivores of Heliconia imbracata (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae)." url="10.2307/2388596" volume="17" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
: 326 (biology);
<bibRefCitation id="495DF29A19A74EDF6FF60B82A029FB51" author="Gregoire, JC" editor="Jolivet, P" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic Press" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" pagination="253 - 260" title="Larval gregario usness in the Chrysomelidae." url="10.1007/978-94-009-3105-3_15" volumeTitle="Biology of Chrysomelidae" year="1988">
<normalizedToken id="EDA2D9CA2C48F1BEA008C36B640C4246" originalValue="Grégoire">Gregoire</normalizedToken>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
: 254 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="FB682D9E0CA44A9CBABA23B682BFE475" author="Jolivet, P" journalOrPublisher="Boubee, Paris" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" title="Biologie des Coleopteres Chrysomelides." year="1997">Jolivet 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 146 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="8396C0841D430EE469CA632DFDBEA0CC" author="Jolivet, P" journalOrPublisher="Intercept, Andover" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" title="Biology of leaf beetles." year="2002">Jolivet and Verma 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 63 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="CBC10ABF0AAE99C9E1DA24B2DC9B2EEB" author="Staines, CL" editor="Jolivet, P" journalOrPublisher="SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="307 - 319" title="Cassidines and Zingiberales: A review of the literature." volumeTitle="New developments in the biology of Chrysomelidae" year="2004">Staines 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 312 (identification).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AD88236F3DC0D104FCA2B33EAB37CE7F" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph id="B45C153879D1B801BEADC1129BFB9C48" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C448EFE0896B850354511B25746A5BA3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Elongate; flattened; subparallel; head (except yellow frons), antennae, and scutellum black; pronotum yellowish with medial black vitta, vitta may be obsolete medially; elytra from suture to puncture row 2 black, then through puncture row 5 yellow, then black through puncture row 9, puncture row 10 to margin yellow, sutural vitta narrows and fades toward apex, fails to reach apex; venter with pro-, meso-, and metasterna yellow medially, black laterally, abdominal sternite 1 yellow medially, black laterally, sterna 2 and 3 black laterally, each has black vitta along apex, rest yellow, sterna 4 and 5 all black; leg femora yellow each dark apex, tibiae and tarsi dark. Head: vertex sparsely punctate, medial carina present; frons not projecting; eyes protuberant, finely faceted; not depressed between eyes. Antenna: reaches to humerus; slender; antennomere 1 elongate, as long as 2-4 combined, robust, tuft of setae at apex; 2-3 compressed laterally; 2 transverse; 3 triangular, longer than 2; 4-6 transverse, subequal in length to 3; 7-10 transverse, subequal in length, each shorter than 6; 11 2
<normalizedToken id="BC72AD77749490300CC11A30F5BE0FCB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of 10, pointed at apex; 1-3 punctate with scattered setae; 4-11 setose. Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin straight then rounding to anterior angle, narrowly margined; anterior angle rounded; posterior angle acute; anterior margin straight; disc flattened; surface with scattered large punctures laterally, disc impunctate; basal impression absent; pronotal length 1.1-1.2 mm; pronotal width 1.3-1.5 mm. Scutellum: sharply triangular; micropunctate. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, margined; apex rounded; sutural angle with small tooth; humerus rounded, not produced; slightly constricted behind humerus; weakly punctate-striate; elytral length 4.8-4.9 mm; elytral width 1.9-2.0 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, and metasterna impunctate medially, punctate laterally, each puncture with pale seta; abdominal sterna punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 complete; last sternite with apical margin u-shaped in male, slightly acuminate in female. Leg: punctate; femur robust; tibia with fringe of setae on inner margin of apex. Total length: 6.4-6.56 mm; females are larger than males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3A6ACCCCCBFA82568AE555E9052EFAAB" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5C1A234DC96EE89C3B2A705FF28B9DEE" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29CF09BC30CB1F2B59DFAA86D25840B0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="EAB24077E6BB0F7DA3940C15E45936CE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia consanguinea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consanguinea">Cephaloleia consanguinea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05E623A1090378B418A95891EA1E1D25" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia erugatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erugatus">Cephaloleia erugatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FE85E0C50BF8703BBE8B6DB4E34705A0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia semivittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semivittata">Cephaloleia semivittata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A74F8D4656E67C6A5B134924B34CEBC8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia triangularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">Cephaloleia triangularis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E310FA9F0465F6521F303286F5A7BEF1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia trivittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">Cephaloleia trivittata</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="86B76583ABA99F8A75B1C6E085838EFD" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia vittata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittata">Cephaloleia vittata</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished by the elytral puncture rows being distinct apically, by antennomere 1 being as long as 2 to 4 combined, and by the sutural angle with a small tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32235CC557C5991E6B51E24F7DD3A8AE" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="host plant">
<paragraph id="34A27D1911DD288B64ECA510B6E1AE8D" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D229DEAAA350F7D118F210E20655FB67" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="7E37518574D7BD9A0107FBBAC6AADB5B" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Calathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calathea insignis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">
<pageBreakToken id="E175C5D1AF947A72B8D954C26B176883" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" start="start">Calathea</pageBreakToken>
insignis
</taxonomicName>
Hort. and Bull. (
<taxonomicName id="BF057CE3051AB816FF2CF8BF24F31824" genus="Marantaceae" lsidName="Marantaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="0E89E023C36477D54E1692B6DF86457F" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="209 - 256" title="Hispinen aus Costa Rica aus der Ausbeute des Herrn Ferd. Nevermann. 20. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen (Col. Chrys.)." volume="1" year="1930 a">Uhmann 1930a</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="DFD51AC119C3BD063F7445F4174F4730" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia imbricata" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">Heliconia imbricata</taxonomicName>
(Kuntze) Baker (
<bibRefCitation id="DD62D349B3C0E093328E1E6451C1DC22" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="293 - 322" title="On the structure of larvae of hispine beetles-II." volume="1932" year="1932">Maulik 1932</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="826BA1FC0EF11A94E7F484393A73FD16" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia latispatha" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latispatha">Heliconia latispatha</taxonomicName>
Bentham (
<bibRefCitation id="59C2210B30C1EF0608872FEDAAC05FBD" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="573 - 582" title="Insect species richness: Hispine beetles of Heliconia latispatha." url="10.2307/1939006" volume="58" year="1977 b">Strong 1977b</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DA59B39AA12F6A8ACCC25B9620E4386E" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia pogonantha" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pogonantha">Heliconia pogonantha</taxonomicName>
Cuford.,
<taxonomicName id="B67A60A4CF805C45392C2E886B810762" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia mariae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mariae">Heliconia mariae</taxonomicName>
Hook.,
<taxonomicName id="B2C05EA445E1F9C9A504A0548EA27E91" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia tortuosa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tortuosa">Heliconia tortuosa</taxonomicName>
Griggs (
<bibRefCitation id="59B22D2051039A1A801E5017272ECD1D" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="217 - 220" title="Potential interspecific competition and host specificity: Hispine beetles on Heliconia." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1982.tb00660.x" volume="7" year="1982 a">Strong 1982a</bibRefCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="212158FE00A874C38CF80D18D1CEDD4F" genus="Heliconiaceae" lsidName="Heliconiaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D63448B3A62491FF03FB0DC65A4B5230" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Calathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calathea latifolia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">Calathea latifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch,
<taxonomicName id="6525AD4435D358F754FD11FBB85851AA" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia lutea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">Cephaloleia lutea</taxonomicName>
Schult.,
<taxonomicName id="51B87517308069157BE7EDA21EDC684C" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia catheta" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catheta">Heliconia catheta</taxonomicName>
R. R. Smith,
<taxonomicName id="75645DA2F9C5AB681D9E38A5A2A61391" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia irrasa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="irrasa">Heliconia irrasa</taxonomicName>
R. R. Smith (
<bibRefCitation id="D82D80E1C05BC921E21621363D95BFCC" author="Meskins, C" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Tropical Insect Science" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="159 - 171" title="A comparison of hispine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) associated with three orders of monocot host plants in lowland Panama." volume="27" year="2008">Meskins et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="B9347BAE5D5F741CC09D9D68333E469A" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia vaginalis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginalis">Heliconia vaginalis</taxonomicName>
Benth.,
<taxonomicName id="1C0009E0CF8D2E85335979201BFC3AEF" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia wagneriana" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wagneriana">Heliconia wagneriana</taxonomicName>
Peterson (
<bibRefCitation id="6F6F3545376A7E8F86FAFD571B758FB9" author="Descampe, A" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="224 - 229" title="Potential and realized feeding niches of Neotropical hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cephaloleiini)." url="10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[224:PARFNO]2.0.CO;2" volume="37" year="2008">Descampe et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="236A7472796BBB3ABBA42DB007996610" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia mathiasiae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mathiasiae">Heliconia mathiasiae</taxonomicName>
G. S. Daniels and F. G. Stiles,
<taxonomicName id="423F5660EB04DF34AC02D96585110FFF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia cleistantha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleistantha">Cephaloleia cleistantha</taxonomicName>
Standl.,
<taxonomicName id="62B997E3AFB50EC96F9CFC825E2094E0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia crotalifera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crotalifera">Cephaloleia crotalifera</taxonomicName>
S. Watson,
<taxonomicName id="87E6BFF1AB06BDEB2D532E7A98FA444F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia marantifolia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marantifolia">Cephaloleia marantifolia</taxonomicName>
Standl.,
<taxonomicName id="C3979FC22C79A347D31D1B11129524A5" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia similis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">Cephaloleia similis</taxonomicName>
H. Kenn.,
<taxonomicName id="B08C53BDBA6FE57A67EB4290A2E14A1C" class="Liliopsida" family="Cannaceae" genus="Canna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canna tuerckheimii" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuerckheimii">Canna tuerckheimii</taxonomicName>
Kraenzl. (
<taxonomicName id="195BA240A1032F4CECC87E5B0F7F636E" genus="Cannaceae" lsidName="Cannaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Cannaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="6105D53729D2980B022E06CC51E80920" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" title="Tropical plant-herbivore networks: Reconstructing species interactions using DNA barcodes." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0052967" volume="8" year="2013 a">
<normalizedToken id="E34B1869C73D83FDF1085D0E48FC72CE" originalValue="García–Robledo">Garcia-Robledo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2013a
</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="82496B88A1C38CF1C689F773F6099C4F" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus barbatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatus">Costus barbatus</taxonomicName>
Suess. (
<taxonomicName id="BA9D3F5591B828A3A2F38E989651C21A" genus="Costaceae" lsidName="Costaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="35E5FE14CF3AA5C5FB23A520BA34C89D" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Goeppertia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Goeppertia lasiophylla" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiophylla">Goeppertia lasiophylla</taxonomicName>
(H. Kenn.) Borchs. &amp; S.
<normalizedToken id="C5991DDEDC3619862E85E0A696EF517B" originalValue="Suárez">Suarez</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FDF0F724A13D99DF58E1BBC9C238282" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heliconia denielsiana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denielsiana">Heliconia denielsiana</taxonomicName>
Kress,
<taxonomicName id="40394812BBE2E3CED0BC3A749BF96624" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia densiflora" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densiflora">Heliconia densiflora</taxonomicName>
B. Verl.,
<taxonomicName id="466605209EA180247AD73F7B62D8FD48" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia longiflora" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiflora">Heliconia longiflora</taxonomicName>
R. R. Sm.,
<taxonomicName id="AA1F8DB20F1AA77A60649A67FD7BF266" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia rostrata" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">Heliconia rostrata</taxonomicName>
Ruiz. &amp; Pav.,
<taxonomicName id="259ED70780596CACA73890AA7203488C" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia stricta" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">Heliconia stricta</taxonomicName>
Huber (
<taxonomicName id="8E8B088A650D42A24A9E4871962C8AD0" genus="Heliconiaceae" lsidName="Heliconiaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D2965CBD33D7186ECDB276CB2AFF0058" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa paradisiaca" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">Musa paradisiaca</taxonomicName>
L. (Museceae) (
<bibRefCitation id="9CD53BE86B9EF87D78EE2E2682F731F7" author="Schmitt, M" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="55 - 69" title="Notes on the ecology of rolled-leaf hispines (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) at La Gamba (Costa Rica)." url="10.3897/zookeys.332.5215" volume="332" year="2013">Schmitt and Frank 2013</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="38C4ADA27CC117E057EE8A2637944E5C" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia psittacorum" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psittacorum">Heliconia psittacorum</taxonomicName>
Sw.,
<taxonomicName id="88067E31BC52829F6C6235CBB36C39D4" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliconia sarapiquensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarapiquensis">Heliconia sarapiquensis</taxonomicName>
G. S. Daniels and F. G. Stiles,
<taxonomicName id="1FD3B4B8C635D22FCB3F08E895A456A4" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Calathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calathea" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calathea</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="E31D373BF33B9AEE991839F633EA52F6" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa velutina" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">Musa velutina</taxonomicName>
H. Wendl. and Drude (
<taxonomicName id="AE69B97CC8317DBC1AB2E134BFD58956" genus="Musaceae" lsidName="Musaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="EA5C53A382DE0AA24ECCCA22D4C7C0C6" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Ischnosiphon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ischnosiphon inflatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inflatus">Ischnosiphon inflatus</taxonomicName>
L. Andersson,
<taxonomicName id="19F75DC329FEE193C616D04673385969" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Pleiostachya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pleiostachya pruinosa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosa">Pleiostachya pruinosa</taxonomicName>
(W. Bull. ex. Regel) K. Schum. (
<taxonomicName id="B9926D2CC523BE3AAE63444FAE7B32BA" genus="Marantaceae" lsidName="Marantaceae" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="genus">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="037D9094A19A5BE54606168791F7D861" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="immatures">
<paragraph id="6F642814C9395E782C70C39802CDC293" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Immatures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0158F5FD1022AD8344F240AAA2FCB70A" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Color when live (Figs 27-30) is yellowish-brown with outer margins translucent; center portion reddish with some yellowish areas especially near head. Color when dead is pale-brown centrally, margins paler becoming almost transparent at edge; venter paler than dorsum. Dorsum carries a longitudinal medial setose ridge extending from anterior to posterior margin. Pronotum with central area raised, micropunctate, with dark setae on either side of medial longitudinal ridge and on basal slope; lateral areas rugose; two diagonal carinae on central raised area extending to anterior margin. Mesonotum with central raised portion with shallow v-shaped carina; laterally with sharply curved carina which extends to lateral margin. Metanotum with central portion irregularly plicate; with transverse carina extending across entire width. Abdominal tergites 1-6 slightly narrowed medially, wider at sides; with transverse carina medially of each side; spiracle near basal margin on each side just off central elevation; spiracles appear as macula with dark margin. Abdominal tergites 7-10 with surface plicate; with three carinae along margin on each side. Venter with surface of expansions punctate, rugose-striate. Head surface rugose-punctate; labrum with surface alutaceous, without setae; clypeus with fringe of long setae at apex, with four setae on apical
<normalizedToken id="3829E6123652B78F7AF1C52C0668ABA9" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
, surface alutaceous; mandibles tridentate; maxillary palps with 2 palpomeres and 12 short, robust setae at apex; maxilla robust, clavate, with fringe of long setae at apex; labium densely setose. Antenna with antennomere 1 short, robust; 2 wider than 1, transverse; 3 elongate, cylindrical, subequal in length to 1 and 2 combined, with fringe of short setae at apex. Pro- and mesosterna wider than long; slightly depressed medially; surface rugose-striate. Metasternum longer than others; depressed medially; with suture along apical margin. Abdominal sternites 1-7 wider than long; decreasing in width; with three sulci on apical
<normalizedToken id="161EFE27ED390150C4AF49614E9D3E48" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
; laterally with curved sulcus dividing the sternite into thirds; sternite 8 similar to preceding but without any sulci; sterna 9-10 fused, rounded at apex. Leg: femur wider and shorter than tibiotarsus; tibiotarsus subconical, with a strong claw and eight setae at apex. Total length: 6.7 mm; width 4.3 mm. (
<bibRefCitation id="BD9845745E83EE5B20C363CEFAF69793" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="50 - 68" title="Larval morphology and development, host plants, adult longevity, sexual dimorphism and notes on natural history in Cephaloleia rolled-leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae)." volume="2610" year="2010">
<normalizedToken id="85C084756F02DBE4611D911D73C4F133" originalValue="García–Robledo">Garcia-Robledo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D60843F31B3B0A58252B85C46E9F2B2D" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="biology">
<paragraph id="665DEA92DC82EE19E2F05A11C2D2AEBB" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3FF1429C37CEEE553EB3A69384A3A4F" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
From
<bibRefCitation id="26999D4427C18319F3DA626D81074803" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="156 - 169" title="Rolled-leaf hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae) and their Zingiberales host plants in Middle America." url="10.2307/2387878" volume="9" year="1977 a">Strong 1977a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EE68AAEC77DB3AB4E960D8C21527E96B" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="573 - 582" title="Insect species richness: Hispine beetles of Heliconia latispatha." url="10.2307/1939006" volume="58" year="1977 b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8D2F754373B924ECB43D0272AC2E7895" author="Strong, DR" editor="Denno, RF" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="183 - 194" title="The possibility of insect communities without competition: Hispine beetles on Heliconia." url="10.1007/978-1-4612-5941-1_11" volumeTitle="Insect life history patterns habitat and geographic variation" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F6EF32F926130FDC15B71DAADFC9D1A7" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="217 - 220" title="Potential interspecific competition and host specificity: Hispine beetles on Heliconia." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1982.tb00660.x" volume="7" year="1982 a">1982a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3F49028941C24F48283920CB3CFF6205" author="Strong, DR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="294" pageNumber="295" pagination="1039 - 1049" title="Harmonious coexistence of hispine beetles on Heliconia in experimental and natural communities." url="10.2307/1937243" volume="63" year="1982 b">1982b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8892EE5BC80FF772DB24BAC748D99A14" author="Morrison, G" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="55 - 61" title="Spatial variations in egg density and the intensity of parasitism in a neotropical chrysomelid (Cephaloleia consanguinea)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1981.tb00972.x" volume="6" year="1981">Morrison and Strong 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="29A568A81CF6B90347D971DF3D7B8E8C" author="Auerbach, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Monographs" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" pagination="63 - 83" title="Nutritional ecology of Heliconia herbivores: Experiments with plant fertilization and alternative hosts." url="10.2307/2937307" volume="51" year="1981">Auerbach and Strong 1981</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="1F62DC43EE57CB0994EE1DA584B9D663" author="Garcia-Robledo, C" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="50 - 68" title="Larval morphology and development, host plants, adult longevity, sexual dimorphism and notes on natural history in Cephaloleia rolled-leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae)." volume="2610" year="2010">
<normalizedToken id="E4B00CB7C860A57C2C91D9E80F3F8DA2" originalValue="García–Robledo">Garcia-Robledo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
. Eggs are about 2 mm long and are laid singly or in clusters of two or more on host plant petioles or rolled leaves and are covered with frass. Eggs hatch in 6.5 to 7.5 days. The larvae have two instars, the first lasting 10 to 14 days and the second, 32 to 46 days. The pupal stage lasts from 15 to 17 days. Adults live about 117 days.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EDE2F289322900A5CA139643513F245" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD5353E5C776E329CB77CBCE1634CAA5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62B546DBEAAC3A5FEC14E100F1D71162" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C07144B24650ACAD546D3E4362893FD" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="type material examined">
<paragraph id="A25BC43D157D1C0FAF41E3DA2E9BCB68" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB914938F9F9B7CEC514D3BE582C3661" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Lectotype: Type H. T. [white disk with red border]/ Chontales, Nicaragua. Janson [handwritten]/ B. C. A., Col. VI, 2. Cephaloleia belti,
<pageBreakToken id="D9BCCECD60EBE22E174D8F3D96234B6B" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="start">Baly</pageBreakToken>
[printed label]/ Cephaloleia belti Baly, Nicaragua [blue handwritten label]/ Lectotype Cephaloleia belti Baly Des. C. L. Staines 1993 [red label] (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E4704FBDF46087B24D313804C3C0F51" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="A5C7456262A6D2D3DEF9182DA34F9D45" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8186AF4C090F05F3FDBA35B57D652D90" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
COSTA RICA: Alajuela- Bijagua, Alberge de Heliconicas, 1000-1100 m, 18 June 2000 (USNM);
<normalizedToken id="B6087A639EC7FAC0F10F03BCF36D9B6A" originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Negro, 20 m, R.N.V.S.,
<normalizedToken id="DECB17195AD4A1B7350253FAED4718CC" originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Negro, 4-15 December 1992 (INBIO); Garita, 8 January 1995 (USNM);
<normalizedToken id="CA60FFFB0E4D31CCBAD1655A876BE22A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="54DD892D2FBAD295EDED8B0CDB7268D5" originalValue="Frío">Frio</normalizedToken>
, E. La Selva,
<normalizedToken id="A88FD0DD315D34570B1609F3826797A7" originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
, June 1972, 16 July 1972 (FSCA);
<normalizedToken id="CE522C744FF681C360B14B7138076131" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorencito, 900 m, R. F. San
<normalizedToken id="1946D534313E00263D8762AE5C37E620" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 5 km N de Colonia
<normalizedToken id="CBD4C21D32E630CB73FE503E89D89307" originalValue="Palmareña">Palmarena</normalizedToken>
, 13-18 June 1993 (INBIO); E. B. San
<normalizedToken id="94DE054D3B6353D72765A84322061C62" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, R. B. San
<normalizedToken id="6F9C3CEDA77AF8562148C8D0950F7BC0" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 27 km N and 8 km W. San
<normalizedToken id="056E4802C0184F95A799998ABD52C391" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 810 m, 7 July 2000 (SEMC, USNM); Upala, 1 November 1989 (MUCR); 20 km S Upala, 16-25 September 1990, 1-5 October 1990, 13 December 1990- 9 January 1991, 10-21 May 1991, 1-11 June 1991, 21 June 1991, 1-15 July 1991, 21-31 August 1991, (BYUC); San
<normalizedToken id="372C483C3BED9CFBD57B081C943440CB" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, Angles, Reserva Biol. Alberto Brenes, 1000-1100 m (INBIO); San
<normalizedToken id="5FAE85F1FF07EB0F29D9A6FA7062061B" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="23A8E2B94AE16A84674CD3FF4D4B343B" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Eladios, 700-800 m (INBIO); Upala, Sector San
<normalizedToken id="56B36CE3538721C72B94FE3961410144" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
de Dos
<normalizedToken id="8D09E94A370A06D706AA431611121F21" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
, 1.5 km NW Hacienda Nueva Zelandia, 600-700 m (INBIO). Cartago- Aquiares nr. Santa Cruz, 9 km NE Turrialba, 1500 m, 16 May 1985 (EMEC); CATIE, 3 km SE Turrialba, 600 m, 16 May 1985 (EMEC); El Guarco, San Isidro, 4 km S del
<normalizedToken id="25E1F7B66586BF9F02C438AE5ABA655E" originalValue="Cañon">Canon</normalizedToken>
, 2200-2300 m (INBIO); La Palma, 30 April 1928 (USNM); Quebrada Segunda, 1200-1300 m (INBIO); Rancho Naturalista, 2 km NE Tula, 2500 ft., 15-16 June 1995 (BYUC);
<normalizedToken id="9C1344A1B6E33442C98647075F93F864" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande de
<normalizedToken id="55E310D6FF16A112EA0EA37475EC8240" originalValue="Orosí">Orosi</normalizedToken>
, desde La Catarata, 1500-1600 m (INBIO); 19.3 km NE San
<normalizedToken id="BF5696794BFAB05179133A6BC5F65921" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
, 17 May 1993 (SEMC); Turrialba, no further data (DEI), 13-17 March 1965 (USNM), 650 m., 4-13 August 1970 (USNM), 17 May 1979 (CMNC); 40 km NE Turrialba, 18 May 1979 (CMNC); Turrialba, Santa Teresita, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, 1100-1200 m (INBIO); IICA at Turrialba, 13 March 1965 (BYUC). Guanacaste- Est. Cacao, 1000-1400 m, Lado SO Vol. Cacao, P.N., 21-29 May 1992 (INBIO); Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S Sta. Cecilia, 1989, January 1989, 27 January- 4 February 1989, March 1989, November 1989, December 1989, March 1990, November 1990, March 1991, April 1991, May 1991, July 1991, September 1991, 4-14 November 1991, 2-19 March 1992, 31 March- 29 April 1992, May 1992, 24 August- 11 September 1992, 12 September 1992 (INBIO); Liberia, Mayorga,
<normalizedToken id="C323AF8D89CB87E4291679BF9013F74B" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Cacao, 2 km SW Cerro Cacao, 900-1000 m (INBIO); 3 km SE
<normalizedToken id="2A42891774C8DA0DE49D1DB0E9976CB0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Naranjo, 16-29 February 1992, 15-20 October 1992, 12 June 1993 (BYUC);
<normalizedToken id="D5B8D98FE46D45A574E3AEFD60BDCEE5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorenzo, 1050 m, Tierras Morenas, R. F. Cord. Guanacaste, March 1990, April 1991, June 1991, October 1991, November 1991, January 1992, 23 March- 21 April 1992, July 1992, August 1992 (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="5E6E42EFC81ADA584916235A22E244D0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2636340DAC1EA6E1D573382C578BDEED" originalValue="Higuerón">Higueron</normalizedToken>
, 6 mi SE, 6 mi W
<normalizedToken id="D2F875E47FF0D9FC3A8060B832AAB348" originalValue="Cañas">Canas</normalizedToken>
, 8 February 1969 (USNM);
<normalizedToken id="B8C3A802808187BEEC016079575607F9" originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
, 7 July 1972, 30 July 1972 (FSCA); 3 mi. W.
<normalizedToken id="43C740E2AB2BE85EA727133D208ECC60" originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
, 1969 (USNM). Heredia- El Angel falls, Vara Blanca area, 21 June 1969 (USNM); Los Arbolitos, 0-100 m (INBIO); Chilamate, 75 m, June-July 1989 (MUCR); Est. El Ceibo, Braulio Carillo, N.P., 400-500 m, March 1990 (INBIO); Est. Magasasay, P. N. Braulio Carillo, 200 m, January 1991 (INBIO); Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 7-26 January 1992, 19-29 April 1992, (INBIO); Est. Biol. La Selva, 150 m, 6 March 1965 (BYUC), 17 July 1973 (EMEC), 22 January 1989, April-May 1993 (MUCR), 23-30 June 2001 (USNM), 7 April 2003 (USNM), 14 June 2003 (USNM), 12 March 2005 (USNM), 13 March
<pageBreakToken id="83BB978AA29DA20C29328601DE4367D3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" start="start">2005</pageBreakToken>
(USNM); 9 km E. Puerto Viejo, 14-15 July 1986 (SEMC, USNM); Finca La Selva nr. Puerto Viejo, 21-22 June 1969, 24 July 1969, 2-7 August 1969, 19 March 1973, 28 July 1989 (USNM); La Selva Biol. Sta., 2 km. S. Pt. Viejo, 3-5 June 1984 (EGRC); La Selva Biol. Sta., 3 km S Pto. Viejo, 20 July 1992; 12 km. S. Puerto Viejo, 500 ft., 23-26 September 1986 (FSCA); Rara Avis Biological Station, 5-22 November 2011 (USNM); Sendero Antigua, Est. Carillo, 8 January 1993 (INBIO); 11 km SE La Virgen, 450-550 m, 9 April 2003 (USNM); P. N. Tortuguero,
<normalizedToken id="14FE99E8EC37633EEE729FE114DE63C9" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Sierpe, 0-100 m (INBIO); R. V. S. Barra del Colorado, Cerro Tortuguero, 0-100 m (INBIO); R. V. S. Barra del Colorado,
<normalizedToken id="A51675B7E1CD28C3798555362A9842A2" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Sardinas, 0-100 m (INBIO); R. V. S. Barra del Colorado, A. C. Llanuras del Tortuguero, 0-100 m (INBIO); 11 km NE Vara Blanca, 1450-1550 m, 20 March 2005 (USNM).
<normalizedToken id="AE4B5A336BADC315E38B6210F6998C91" originalValue="Limón-">Limon-</normalizedToken>
4 km NE Bribri, November 1991 (USNM); Cerro Tortuguero, 0-120 m, P. N. Tortuguero, April 1989, October 1989, December 1989, January 1990, February 1990, 20 September- 7 October 1990, September 1991, June 1992, March 1993 (INBIO); Est. Cuatro Esquinas, 0 m, P. N. Tortuguero, April 1989, October 1989, November 1989, 20 September- 7 September 1990, October 1990, November 1990, December 1990, 23 April- 13 May 1991, June 1991, August 1991, November 1991, 27 March- 9 May 1992, December 1992, January 1993 (INBIO); Guacimo, 22 February 1988 (TAMU); 7 mi N Guacimo, 22 February- 3 March 1988 (BYUC);
<normalizedToken id="52F4DD8BFF797CD9F44AD71659C049ED" originalValue="Guápiles">Guapiles</normalizedToken>
, 30 October 1992 (MUCR); Hamburg Farm,
<normalizedToken id="74A276B8D0DC791F3B52BEA9AD4708A0" originalValue="Reventazón">Reventazon</normalizedToken>
, 22 May 1931, 16 January 1936 (USNM), 1 January 1932, 28 January 1933, 27 January 1925 (DEI), 31 January 1931 (MUCR); Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, 7-26 January 1992 (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="BD04F9AB43DF0337810C0FB5AB8071C9" originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
, 5 February 1989 (USNM); Puerto Vargas, 7 December 1968 (MUCR);
<normalizedToken id="95916323740C68939DBAEF8CB8BA61F0" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sardinas, 10 m, R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado, September 1992, 10-14 October 1992, 11 December 1992 (INBIO); Salvadora Farm, Parismina Fluss, 19-31 December 1930 (DEI, USNM); Sector Cerro
<normalizedToken id="A3C14E29A45737A50D479B9107A2C255" originalValue="Cocorí">Cocori</normalizedToken>
, Fca. de E. Rojas, 150 m, May 1991, August 1991, October 1991, November 1991, January 1992, 31 January- 26 February 1992, 26 March- 24 April 1992, 28 May- 17 June 1992, 26 June- 16 July 1992, 12-31 August 1992, 10-30 September 1992, October 1992, 9-30 November 1992, January 1993, February 1993, March 1993, April 1993, May 1993 (INBIO). Puntarenas- Atam del Mogo, 50-100 m, 3 August 1993 (MUCR);
<normalizedToken id="23B251954D2400BAC133C1BD9B9D9E82" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D1B4690F1ACD62DD8B3401C937201D6C" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Las Alturas, 1400-1500 m (INBIO); Barranca nr. Puntarenas, 6 July 1972 (FSCA); Barranca site, 10 km N. Puntarenas, 17 June 1969, 11 September 1969 (USNM); 5 km S. Buenos Aires, 15 August 1969 (USNM); 25 km S. Buenos Aires, 10 August 1969 (USNM); Est. Carara, 200 m, Res. Biol. Carara, February 1990 (INBIO); Golfito, 30 October 1950 (CASC), 19 July 1972, 22 July 1981 (FSCA); Est. La Casona, 1520 m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, April 1992, September 1992 (INBIO); Est. Leonel Hernandes, 1600 m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, June 1991 (INBIO); P. N. Manuel Antonio, 80 m, Quepos, July 1991, September 1991, October 1991 August 1992, October 1992 (INBIO); Monteverde, Cordillera de
<normalizedToken id="0BF6D4B8C5C8DCF18FD2F0B70B2B158C" originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
, 10 March 1991, 14 March 1991 (EGRC); Monteverde Cloud For. Res., 18-19 May 1985 (EMEC); Monteverde Reserve, 3 June 1992 (CDFA); Monteverde (EGRC), 12-24 May 1989 (SEMC); Est. Queb., Bonita, 50 m, Res. Biol. Carara, 17 March- 30 April, April
<pageBreakToken id="A380E926422CABB3AD4BFC67CD6C0DE1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" start="start">1992</pageBreakToken>
, May 1992, July 1992, August 1992, September 1992, 6-27 November 1992, January 1993, February 1993, March 1993, (INBIO); Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Peninsula de Osa, April 1989, October 1989, February 1991, July 1991, October 1991, November 1991, 21 March- 7 April 1992, April 1992, May 1992, 1-31 August 1992, December 1992 (INBIO); 20 km NE Puntarenas, 17 March 1965 (BYUC);
<normalizedToken id="293C6B7708C842514F2A8419F86512D7" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorenzo, 1050 m, Tierras Morenas, Z. P. Tenorio, 21 March- 7 April 1992 October 1992, December 1992, January 1993, February 1993 (INBIO); San Luis, 1040 m, R.B. Monteverde, 24 August- 15 September 1992, October 1992 (INBIO); San Vito Las Cruces, 20 November 1988 (INBIO); Est. Sirena, 0-100 m, P. N. Corcovado, October 1989, December 1989, January 1990, March 1990, April 1990, June 1990, September 1990, October 1990, March- June 1991, July 1991, August 1991, September 1991, November 1991, 21 March- 21 April 1992, April 1992 (INBIO); Sirena Corcovado, August 1993 (MUCR); Fca. Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N. Amistad, 1300 m, October 1989, November 1989, December 1989 (INBIO); Fca. Las Cruces, San Vito de Java, 27 June 1969, 11-18 August 1969 (USNM), 20 July 1972 (FSCA); F. Las Cruces, 6 mi. S. San Vito, 1200-1400 m, 21-25 August 76 (CASC); Puerto Cortes, 19 July 1972 (FSCA); 22 mi SW San Vito, 11 August 1969 (USNM); San Vito-Villa Neilly area, 13 August 1969 (USNM); Osa Peninsula, 3.5 mi. S.
<normalizedToken id="7ACC6282BF2654C8A7B7947EEE09268C" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 28 February- 12 March 1969 (CASC);
<normalizedToken id="919CB32075549E6A5DB2B4DC840CF62A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Claro, sea level, 19 August 1969 (USNM);
<normalizedToken id="CED9981D22CC98907317DEA0B3ED0AD5" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 27 July 1972 (FSCA); 5 km S.
<normalizedToken id="88AF4E971A02696E871BC7F9AB8C9228" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 20 March 1973 (SEMC); Osa Peninsula, 2.5 mi SW
<normalizedToken id="B76EAD914E249AC26EF5FAA66E6E208A" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 1-7 March 1967 (USNM); R. F. Golfito Dulce, 3 km SW
<normalizedToken id="FC67FDD18D51C8DD71A7E132B9CCB059" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 10 m, October- December 1990, March- May 1991 (USNM);
<normalizedToken id="301B2E536A60242B339AC2A428CD4E0D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Piedras, sea level, 15 August 1969 (USNM); Sirena, Corcovado N. P., December 1989 (INBIO); 2 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 19 August 1969 (USNM); 3 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 11 August 1969 (USNM); 5 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 15 August 1969 (USNM); 1.5 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 11 August 1969 (USNM); 18 mi. S. Palmar Sur, 11 August 1969 (USNM); Jardin Botanico Las Cruces, San Vito, 1200-1300 m (INBIO); Corinto, Macacona, Esparza, 300-400 m (INBIO); A. C. L. A. P., Garabito, Reserva Biol Carara, Est Quebrada Bonita, 0-100 m (INBIO); A. C. P. C., Garabito, Tarcoles,
<normalizedToken id="96FE1253998BB0FB7574B6CCB9BA74FF" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Quebrada Bonita, 100-200 m (INBIO); P. N. Piedras Blancas,
<normalizedToken id="86B3B22E3BD89DE9BD4F5BE773380FFB" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Esquinas, Peninsula de Osa, 0-100 m (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="0E68D791D2106F1A04CC8A6F74C0F8F5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Bonito, 1.4 km O Cerro Gamba, 200-300 m (INBIO); Pque Nal Corcovado, Est Sirena, Osa Peninsula, 0-100 m (INBIO); Cerro La Torre, Fca La Purruja, Rila Matahambre, 100-200 m (INBIO); Golfito,
<normalizedToken id="4390AFA1EDD53AB51B967A12F7D0813C" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
, Albergue Cerro de Oro, 100-200 m (INBIO); A. C. O. Golfito, Reserva Ftal Golfito Dulce, Est Agujas, 200-300 m (INBIO); Cerro Anguciana, Llano Bonito, Piedras Blancas, en Osa, 800-900 m (INBIO); Osa, Sierpe, 0.2 km NW
<normalizedToken id="D9167BF1635B3C25F6D59BF6BD9DE1B3" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Esquinas, 0-100 m (INBIO); Guerra, Peninsula de Osa, 0-100 m (INBIO); Dos Brazos del
<normalizedToken id="988DB60C35D413DFAD347BF30A85B157" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="404169087302F73097DAA361B2E0D210" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 0-100 m (INBIO); Est San Miguel, 3 km NW Cabo Blanco, 100-200 m (INBIO); Guacimal, Finca Buen Amigo Monteverde, 4 km S de la Reserva, 1000-1100 (INBIO). San
<normalizedToken id="D23CC9C694409A48C585E3D90B92E521" originalValue="José-">Jose-</normalizedToken>
San Isidro, 9 mi S, 31 December 1988 (BYUC); 12 mi. N San Isidro del General, 26 June 1969 (USNM); 7 mi. S. San Isidro del General, 26 June 1969 (USNM); San
<normalizedToken id="E8D376D84C0EBD9D7BCE1445FCDAC24D" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
(USNM); Pque Nal Braulio Carrillo, 1600-1700 m (INBIO); Perez
<normalizedToken id="EC801C066501B3F10EBC2BA85AA11D04" originalValue="Zeledón">Zeledon</normalizedToken>
, Santa Elena Las Nubes, 1200-1300 m (IN
<pageBreakToken id="7D7053E581ED4BDFAC97F1FFF6904C2C" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">BIO</pageBreakToken>
); R. B. Carara, 2 km N Bijagual, 200-300 m (INBIO); Est. Bijagual, 600 m N Bijagualito, 400-500 m (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="44AF5DD3DD157EDF48C3BFF9954AB7A6" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Bijagual, 1.5 km N Bijagual, 400-500 m (INBIO). GUATEMALA: Santa Roca- Escuintla, Finca Caobamal, 17 km W Taxisco, 150 m, 23 June 1993 (CMNC). Honduras: Yoro- PN PicoPijo, 13 May 2002 (USNM). MEXICO: Veracruz-
<normalizedToken id="6273571B447757B9765D7C786517B41E" originalValue="Peñuela">Penuela</normalizedToken>
, 11 July 1941 (FMNH). NICARAGUA: Granda- Res. Nac.
<normalizedToken id="DA34229CC1DB6B030735271428B1BA5D" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
Mombacho, 1150 m, 2-VI-2002 (SEMC, USNM). Jinotega-
<normalizedToken id="8E0ADCDCE216A01E81738AD7707B3F58" originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
Blancas, 1300 m, 25 July 1997 (USNM). Malagualpa- 6 km N Malagualpa, 1350 m, 19 May 2002 (SEMC, USNM).
<normalizedToken id="ADAD1A273D1B44CE0CE0E6D51D3FC8F4" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan- 16 km ESE El Castillo, Refugio Bartola, 23
<normalizedToken id="E812D65E4DF93298BB73F0EE5FE50AA4" originalValue="April–">April-</normalizedToken>
10 May 1999 (USNM); San Juan del Norte, 26-29 September 2005 (BYUC). PANAMA:
<normalizedToken id="AAC4530331A59E7E5227042F112B0D08" originalValue="Chiriquí-">Chiriqui-</normalizedToken>
Galera de Chorcha, 3 July 1976 (EGRC).
<normalizedToken id="F8877EFC8D5183E9CCE24591C4790E2B" originalValue="Panamá-">Panama-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A9C4D825BA8A39753EB8D8C32D2F89FD" originalValue="Ancón">Ancon</normalizedToken>
, 19-21 August 1970 (USNM). Total: 2143.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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