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237 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1258c863-1c9b-4072-b5ba-3f8a0fbef0d0" ID-PMC="PMC4829931" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-573-339" ID-PubMed="27110172" ID-ZBK="949649B0D53F4291B6A835D13E70A2AC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-573-339" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 573" ModsDocTitle="The Ciidae (Coleoptera) of New Brunswick, Canada: New records and new synonyms" checkinTime="1458839968063" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, Webster, Reginald P., Webster, Vincent L., Alderson, Chantelle A., Hughes, Cory C. & Sweeney, Jon D." docDate="2016" docId="0F9B938DA1E0B5B0EF86E4285C5925DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 573: 339-366" docOrigin="ZooKeys 573" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7445" docTitle="Cis submicans Abeille de Perrin 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="350" masterDocId="FF99D273FFC7FF96D2450848FF9AFF85" masterDocTitle="The Ciidae (Coleoptera) of New Brunswick, Canada: New records and new synonyms" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="339" pageNumber="350" updateTime="1668162838008" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Ciidae (Coleoptera) of New Brunswick, Canada: New records and new synonyms</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Webster, Vincent L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alderson, Chantelle A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hughes, Cory C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sweeney, Jon D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>573</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>339</mods:start>
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<mods:end>366</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.573.7445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-573-339</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">949649B0D53F4291B6A835D13E70A2AC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">949649B0D53F4291B6A835D13E70A2AC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F9B938DA1E0B5B0EF86E4285C5925DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F9B938DA1E0B5B0EF86E4285C5925DC" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Ciidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName authority="Abeille de Perrin, 1874 *" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans Abeille de Perrin, 1874*</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
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Abeille de Perrin, 1874: 28 (as a variety of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis setiger" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setiger">Cis setiger</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mellié">Mellie</normalizedToken>
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, 1849)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis micans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Cis micans</taxonomicName>
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: auctt. (non Fabricius, 1792; see
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<bibRefCitation author="Jelinek, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" pagination="135 - 141" title="Nomenclatural changes in the family Ciidae (Coleoptera)." volume="47" year="2007">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jelínek">Jelinek</normalizedToken>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
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Casey, 1898: 79, new synonym
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistorius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistorius">Cis pistorius</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Abdullah, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Beitraege (N. F.)" pageId="18" pageNumber="357" pagination="189 - 246" title="The systematic position of Ciidae (Heteromera) including a catalogue of the world and comments on central European families of Cucujoidea (Coleoptera)." volume="19" year="1973">Abdullah 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 221 (unjustified emendation)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.1907">46.1907°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.674">67.6740°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 7.IX.2004, R.P. Webster (1, RWC); Jackson Falls, "Bell Forest",
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.22">46.2200°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.7231">67.7231°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 9.X.2006, R.P. Webster // Rich Appalachian hardwood forest with some conifers, under bark of fallen beech log covered with polypore fungi (2, CELC; 4, RWC); same locality data and forest type but 23-28.IV.2009, R. Webster & M.-A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
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// Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Gloucester Co., Bathurst, Daly Point Nature Preserve,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.6392">47.6392°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.6098">65.6098°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 13-28.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Mixed forest, Lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under trees (1, RWC). Kent Co., Kouchibouguac National Park,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.8087">46.8087°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-64.9078">64.9078°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 21-27.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Poplar/red maple stand, Lindgren funnel trap, 1 m high (1, AFC). Queens Co., Grand Lake near Scotchtown,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8762">45.8762°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.1816">66.1816°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 19.IX.2006, R.P. Webster // Oak & maple forest, under bark of oak (1, CELC; 1, RWC); Cranberry Lake P.N.A.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.1125">46.1125°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.6075">65.6075°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 24.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
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5.V.2009, R.P. Webster & M.-A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
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, coll. // Old red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (1, CELC; 2, AFC). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.8257">47.8257°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.0764">66.0764°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 15-29.V.2014, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus balsamifera" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamifera">Populus balsamifera</taxonomicName>
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stand near river, Lindgren funnel traps 1 m high under trees (1, NBM, 3, RWC); ca. 3 km SE of Simpsons Field,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.5277">47.5277°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.5142">66.5142°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 14-28.V.2015, C. Alderson & V. Webster // Old cedar & spruce forest with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus balsamifera" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamifera">Populus balsamifera</taxonomicName>
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&
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus tremuloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</taxonomicName>
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, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8395">45.8395°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.7391">66.7391°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 6.V.2008, R.P. Webster // Mixed forest, in flight, collected with net between 15:00 & 17:00 h (1, RWC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="distribution in canada and alaska">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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NT, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="Sofia-Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" title="Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska." year="2013">Bousquet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Most records of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
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from NB were based on specimens captured in Lindgren funnel traps. This species is widespread (nine localities) and fairly common in the province, with most records from hardwood-dominated and mixed forests. Some specimens were found under bark of a log covered with polypore fungi.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
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Casey) was first reported from NB by
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<bibRefCitation author="Majka, CG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 20" title="The Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, distribution, zoogeography, and observations on beetle-fungi relationships in saproxylic environments." volume="1654" year="2007">Majka (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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on the basis of a specimen from the Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve (record is reported here).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="350" type="taxonomic notes">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
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is the only New World member of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis boleti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boleti">Cis boleti</taxonomicName>
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species group, which also includes the Palaearctic
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis boleti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boleti">Cis boleti</taxonomicName>
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(Scopoli),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis micans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micans">Cis micans</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis polypori" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polypori">Cis polypori</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
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(also treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis boleti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boleti">Cis boleti</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis rugulosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosus">Cis rugulosus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mellié">Mellie</normalizedToken>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
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Abeille de Perrin (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chujo, M" journalOrPublisher="Mushi, Fukuoka" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" pagination="1 - 10" title="On the Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera)." volume="12" year="1939">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
|
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1939
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, JF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" pagination="419 - 522" title="Revision of the North American Ciidae (Coleoptera)." volume="142" year="1971">Lawrence 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens of all these species and subspecies were available for comparison and, among them, aedeagi of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
from North America and those of
|
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
|
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|
were indiscernible.
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
was described by
|
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Casey, TL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" pagination="61 - 92" title="Studies in the Ptinidae, Ciidae and Sphindidae of America." volume="6" year="1898">Casey (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
based on specimens from "Rhode Island (Boston Neck)" in USA, a locality on the northeastern coast and about 500 linear km south of NB. Most reports of
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
to date were in northeastern USA and in Canada (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, JF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" pagination="419 - 522" title="Revision of the North American Ciidae (Coleoptera)." volume="142" year="1971">Lawrence 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
,
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="Sofia-Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" title="Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska." year="2013">Bousquet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
).
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was described by
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Abeille de Perrin, E" journalOrPublisher="Camoin, Marseilles" pageId="19" pageNumber="358" title="Essai monographique sur les Cisides europeens et circummediterraneens." year="1874">Abeille de Perrin (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
as a variety of
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis setiger" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setiger">Cis setiger</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mellié">Mellie</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
(currently
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis villosulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosulus">Cis villosulus</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
) and based on specimens from the Caucasus and Poland. It is important to note that most
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
available for comparison were also from northern Iran (in the Caucasus) and Poland. As specimens currently recognized as
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis pistoria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistoria">Cis pistoria</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
fits well in the morphological limits of the Palaearctic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, we propose their synonymization here.
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cis submicans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submicans">Cis submicans</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a Holarctic distribution, occurring in Europe and the Caucasus, and in northeastern North America.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
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|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
</treatment>
|
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|
|
</document>
|