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<document id="52692AB5F06426FEEF54715A850E10ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0d81a10-9dd0-4041-bc47-65b3ed6bf17c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="270943" ID-ZooBank="8C32F03F-E901-465D-B03D-7E6EEF288329" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458549473470" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kieckbusch, Max, Mecke, Sven, Hartmann, Lukas &amp; Ehrmantraut, Lisa" docDate="2016" docId="B34B35740E6D1F43FF01FF6BB202FA71" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4093.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4093 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cylindrophis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="4F724D0C0E6C1F42FF96FFBCB746FFA2" masterDocTitle="An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698185635710" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="12ED2E77380C5A64D22DB9E6686DF9DA">An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9D60FAFD6202DBE94AAD8A1A8D303C8">Kieckbusch, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="187397EA38809449DDDA9A11E2444A1D">Mecke, Sven</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B08E44148ADF9AA008233ACAA9378DA8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DCD8A896D089CCE64FF175184A7C7677">Hartmann, Lukas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2FD2C24510A92F924340C15569534F25">Ehrmantraut, Lisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6C3FF1FE244EB806592EE798254309EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C8A00606BD30C6D0F3A92896C5713B2F">
<mods:date id="D8BB950453CFB5D55ECAB37DC281C091">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9E20BA15D08AC7CA3F9D6F0F0AE72F52" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8B6ACF8BE4CC895D1435B353DCF827BF">4093</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5574C39F7320FA20D6865D21A1E66BAB" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="FB884C1D6554D73458D31CA174648E4D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DADB838081B8ED2509B0BF1E66B8E239" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC54161D9FAA3CC49B9A25D00783EE16" type="GBIF-Dataset">e0d81a10-9dd0-4041-bc47-65b3ed6bf17c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="114E5426642D870E46FA53CB184EFB46" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A1C8C3095ECD7412AC37849AEB88C88" type="Zenodo-Dep">270943</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B34B35740E6D1F43FF01FF6BB202FA71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662774" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127639809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B34B35740E6D1F43FF01FF6BB202FA71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B34B35740E6D1F43FF01FF6BB202FA71" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="73F8D7E90E6D1F43FF01FF6BB685FF52" box="[151,451,215,240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3B5D84620E6D1F43FF01FF6BB685FF52" blockId="1.[151,1437,215,2027]" box="[151,451,215,240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF01FF6BB685FF52" bold="true" box="[151,451,215,240]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FEB1FF6BB6FAFF52" box="[295,444,215,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEB1FF6BB6FAFF52" bold="true" box="[295,444,215,240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73F8D7E90E6D1F43FE47FF6BB2DBFCAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3B5D84620E6D1F43FE47FF6BB2DBFCAA" blockId="1.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The henophidian snake genus
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FCD4FF6BB338FF52" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[834,1150,215,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FCD4FF6BB495FF52" box="[834,979,215,240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
Wagler, 1828
</taxonomicName>
currently comprises 13 secretive, semifossorial species, including
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FDEDFF40B482FEB6" authority="Boulenger, 1920" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1920" box="[635,964,251,276]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FDEDFF40B5C8FEB1" box="[635,654,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD08FF41B5BBFEB6" box="[670,765,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">aruensis</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1920
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FC47FF40B3BAFEB6" authority="Roux, 1911" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1911" box="[977,1276,251,276]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC47FF40B4A2FEB1" box="[977,996,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC65FF47B32AFEB6" box="[1011,1132,251,276]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">boulengeri</emphasis>
Roux, 1911
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FA9FFF40B665FE9A" authority="Smith, 1943" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1943" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FA9FFF40B25AFEB1" box="[1289,1308,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FABAFF47B2DAFEB6" box="[1324,1436,251,276]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">burmanus</emphasis>
Smith, 1943
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FEA6FE9CB5D5FE9A" authority="Stuebing, 1994" authorityName="Stuebing" authorityYear="1994" box="[304,659,287,312]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="engkariensis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEA6FE9CB605FE95" box="[304,323,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEC7FEA3B699FE9A" box="[337,479,287,312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">engkariensis</emphasis>
Stuebing, 1994
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FD09FE9CB49AFE9A" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[671,988,287,312]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isolepis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD09FE9CB5F4FE95" box="[671,690,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD57FEA3B451FE9A" box="[705,791,287,312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">isolepis</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1896
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FC71FE9CB230FE9A" authority="Amarasinghe et al., 2015" authorityName="Amarasinghe et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[999,1398,287,312]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jodiae">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC71FE9CB4BCFE95" box="[999,1018,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FB9FFEA3B309FE9A" box="[1033,1103,287,312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">jodiae</emphasis>
Amarasinghe
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FB62FE9CB263FE9A" box="[1268,1317,287,312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FA14FE9CB6E5FEF9" authority="Blanford, 1881" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FA14FE9CB2D3FE95" box="[1410,1429,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF01FEFFB7B6FEFE" box="[151,240,323,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">lineatus</emphasis>
Blanford, 1881
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE38FEF8B442FEFE" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[430,772,323,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE38FEF8B687FEF9" box="[430,449,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE59FEFFB504FEFE" box="[463,578,323,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">maculatus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FC86FEF8B304FEF9" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[784,1090,323,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC86FEF8B465FEF9" box="[784,803,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FCA6FEFFB4E5FEFE" box="[816,931,323,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">melanotus</emphasis>
Wagler, 1828
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FBDBFEF8B795FEDD" authority="Amarasinghe et al., 2015" authorityName="Amarasinghe et al." authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirzae">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBDBFEF8B326FEF9" box="[1101,1120,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBF8FEF8B3FCFEF9" box="[1134,1210,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">mirzae</emphasis>
Amarasinghe
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FACBFEF8B2C8FEFE" box="[1373,1422,323,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FF76FEDBB52DFEDD" authority="Boulenger, 1897" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1897" box="[224,619,358,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthorhodus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF76FEDBB7B5FEDC" box="[224,243,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE95FEDAB6E5FEDD" box="[259,419,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">opisthorhodus</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1897
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FDECFEDBB4E2FEDD" authority="Laurenti, 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[634,932,358,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FDECFEDBB5CBFEDC" box="[634,653,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD0AFEDBB59BFEDD" box="[668,733,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ruffus</emphasis>
(Laurenti, 1768)
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FC72FEDBB223FEDD" authority="Smith &amp; Sidik, 1998" authorityName="Smith &amp; Sidik" authorityYear="1998" box="[996,1381,358,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamdena">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC72FEDBB4B1FEDC" box="[996,1015,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FB9EFEDAB32BFEDD" box="[1032,1133,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">yamdena</emphasis>
Smith &amp; Sidik, 1998
</taxonomicName>
(see Wallach
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF6EFE30B66EFE01" box="[248,296,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 2014; Amarasinghe
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD8FFE30B50CFE01" box="[537,586,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 2015). These snakes are collectively referred to as Asian pipesnakes due to their cylindrical appearance, with a body of near-uniform diameter. Members of the genus are small- to mediumsized (total length
<quantity id="FC1A29870E6D1F43FEE6FE6EB54BFE48" box="[368,525,466,491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" metricValueMax="8.57" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="491.0" valueMax="857.0" valueMin="125.0">125–857 mm</quantity>
), rather stout-bodied snakes that may be defined on the basis of the following eidonomic characters: (1) a relatively blunt head with minute eyes, head not distinct from neck, bearing a mental groove; (2) absence of true gastrosteges, with ventral scales only slightly larger than or equal in size to dorsal scales; (3) presence of a pair of pelvic spurs (= cloacal spurs) in both sexes; (4) a very short tail, often with conspicuous ventral coloration; and (5) contrasting light and dark ventral blotching (e.g., de Rooij 1917; Smith 1943; Taylor 1965; Greene 1973; pers. obs.). The conspicuous ventral color pattern plays a vital role in the defensive behavior of
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE04FD14B565FD63" box="[402,547,680,705]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE04FD14B565FD63" box="[402,547,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. When threatened, pipesnakes will flatten the posterior portion of their body and arch it above the ground to display their ventral pattern, while the head remains concealed among the body coils (e.g., Flower 1899; Barbour 1912; Smith 1927, 1943; Campden-Main 1970; Deuve 1970; Greene 1973).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73F8D7E90E6D1F43FF51FCAFB27AFB30" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3B5D84620E6D1F43FF51FCAFB27AFB30" blockId="1.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF51FCAFB626FC8E" bold="true" box="[199,352,787,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FEFEFCAFB6BFFC8E" box="[360,505,787,812]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEFEFCAFB6BFFC8E" box="[360,505,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed genus (Flower 1899; de Rooij 1917; Smith 1943; Lal Hora &amp; Jayaram 1949; Taylor 1965; Campden-Main 1970; Deuve 1970; McDowell 1975; in den Bosch 1985; Stuebing 1991; Adler
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEB3FCE0B611FCD6" box="[293,343,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 1992; Iskandar 1998; Zug
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD06FCE0B587FCD6" box="[656,705,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 1998; McDiarmid
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FC37FCE0B494FCD6" box="[929,978,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 1999; Orlov
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBE7FCE0B3E4FCD6" box="[1137,1186,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. 2000; de Lang 2011) with species occurring from
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FE4EFCC2B503FC35" box="[472,581,894,919]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(one species) throughout the continental and insular parts of Southeast Asia (12 species currently recognized). In Southeast Asia the genus is distributed from southern
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FB0BFC1EB3A6FC19" box="[1181,1248,930,955]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FA8EFC1FB2DAFC19" box="[1304,1436,931,955]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
through
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FF63FC7AB611FC7D" box="[245,343,966,991]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FEF5FC7BB6DAFC7C" box="[355,412,967,990]" name="Laos" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FE3EFC7AB558FC7D" box="[424,542,966,991]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FDBCFC7AB5D6FC7D" box="[554,656,966,991]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FD0AFC7BB44DFC7D" box="[668,779,967,991]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FC02FC7AB4B8FC7D" box="[916,1022,966,991]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FBAFFC7AB3EDFC7D" box="[1081,1195,966,991]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Singapore</collectingCountry>
including
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FAB5FC7AB2DEFC7D" box="[1315,1432,966,991]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, south to the Greater Sunda Islands (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, as well as some of their offshore islands), Sulawesi, the Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok, Komodo,
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FDEFFBB1B584FB84" box="[633,706,1037,1062]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Flores</collectingCountry>
, Sumbawa, Timor), and east to the
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FBCFFBB1B24EFB84" box="[1113,1288,1037,1062]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Maluku Islands</collectingCountry>
(Halmahera, Wetar, Damar, Babar, and into the Tanimbar Archipelago); the eastern distributional limit, the Aru Islands, was considered questionable by Iskandar (1998). However, within this vast range, smaller-scale zoogeographic patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and even the true species richness of the genus remain poorly known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73F8D7E90E6D1F43FF51FB21B202FA71" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3B5D84620E6D1F43FF51FB21B202FA71" blockId="1.[151,1437,215,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Many species of
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE1CFB20B55DFB17" box="[394,539,1180,1205]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE1CFB20B55DFB17" box="[394,539,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially those from the eastern end of the distribution (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FB67FB21B235FB16" box="[1265,1395,1181,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FB67FB21B242FB16" box="[1265,1284,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FA82FB21B235FB16" box="[1300,1395,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">aruensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FA14FB21B656FB7B" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FA14FB21B2D3FB16" box="[1410,1429,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FF01FB7CB656FB7B" box="[151,272,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE88FB7DB6D5FB7B" box="[286,403,1216,1241]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isolepis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE88FB7DB677FB7A" box="[286,305,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FEA8FB7CB6D5FB7B" box="[318,403,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">isolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE34FB7DB561FB7B" box="[418,551,1216,1241]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamdena">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE34FB7DB6F3FB7A" box="[418,437,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE54FB7CB561FB7B" box="[450,551,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">yamdena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), are known from very few specimens (McDowell 1975; Iskandar 1998; Smith &amp; Sidik 1998). This is likely due to both the remoteness of the eastern Indonesian islands and the secretive lifestyle of these snakes, and
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FE15FABBB552FA82" box="[387,532,1287,1312]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FE15FABBB552FA82" box="[387,532,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diversity in this region may still be underestimated. Even on Borneo, an island with a relatively well-studied herpetofauna (Das 2004), Stuebing (1994) discovered
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FBD2FA90B3B7FAE6" box="[1092,1265,1323,1348]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="engkariensis">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBD2FA90B311FAE1" box="[1092,1111,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBF2FA97B3B7FAE6" box="[1124,1265,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">engkariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with a potentially very restricted range. More recently, Amarasinghe
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FCF1FAECB4DFFACA" box="[871,921,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. (2015) described two new species (one from
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FF01FACFB64FFA2E" box="[151,265,1395,1420]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and one from
<collectingCountry id="43F5C4F20E6D1F43FE3CFACFB54DFA2E" box="[426,523,1395,1420]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
) that had been masquerading under the name
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FB9CFAC8B32DFA29" box="[1034,1131,1395,1419]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FB9CFAC8B35BFA29" box="[1034,1053,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FBBCFACFB32DFA29" box="[1066,1131,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ruffus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the descriptions and redescriptions (including of
<taxonomicName id="FCE2FFE10E6D1F43FD88FA2BB5C1FA0D" box="[542,647,1431,1455]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FD88FA2BB577FA0C" box="[542,561,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="099658700E6D1F43FDD0FA2BB5C1FA0D" box="[582,647,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ruffus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) presented by these authors contain some inaccuracies, including descriptive errors, which unfortunately increase the complexity of an already intricate taxonomic situation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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