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<mods:title id="2D727D248DB5DFBAE2197D544187D7AF">An integrative description of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) (Tardigrada) from Poland</mods:title>
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<treatment id="566E25283D52FFC7FF1FFD2BFD4E2110" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6018180" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132630657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6018180" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:566E25283D52FFC7FF1FFD2BFD4E2110" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/566E25283D52FFC7FF1FFD2BFD4E2110" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
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<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF1FFD2BFD2325C8" blockId="4.[151,834,640,736]" box="[151,672,640,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<heading id="853023523D52FFC8FF1FFD2BFD2325C8" bold="true" box="[151,672,640,667]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D52FFC8FF1FFD2BFD2325C8" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[151,672,640,667]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF1FFD2BFD2325C8" bold="true" box="[151,672,640,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF1FFD2BFE6325C9" bold="true" box="[151,480,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D52FFC8FE67FD2AFD1B25C8" author="Biserov" box="[495,664,641,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov, 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF1FFD0FFE4725B3" blockId="4.[151,834,640,736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<materialsCitation id="6EAF9E633D52FFC8FF1FFD0FFE4725B3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585880195" country="Russia" location="Astrakhanskaya Oblast" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF1FFD0FFEBD25EF" bold="true" box="[151,318,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Locus typicus:</emphasis>
Yango-Asker, 
<location id="DB18C2E53D52FFC8FE6EFD0FFD6F25EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:566E25283D52FFC7FF1FFD2BFD4E2110:DB18C2E53D52FFC8FE6EFD0FFD6F25EE" box="[486,748,676,701]" country="Russia" name="Astrakhanskaya Oblast" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Astrakhanskaya Oblast</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A6D0D4AE3D52FFC8FD7FFD0FFCC125EE" box="[759,834,676,701]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D52FFC8FF16FD6CFE9F25B3" box="[158,284,711,736]" captionStart-0="TABLE 4" captionStart-1="TABLE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionText-0="TABLE 4. Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of individuals of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). The sample size is a sum of 14 individuals measured in this study and further 77 individuals measured in Stec et al. (2016 a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of specimens / structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation)." captionText-1="TABLE 5. Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of eggs of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). The sample size is a sum of 15 eggs measured in this study and further 107 eggs measured in Stec et al. (2016 a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of eggs / structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation)." pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Tables 4–5</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FEA0FD6CFE3825B3" box="[296,443,711,736]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStart-2="FIGURES 8 – 10" captionStart-3="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStart-4="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStart-5="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStart-6="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1198,1220]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,264,1918,1940]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,264,581,603]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,264,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox-0="[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetBox-1="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetBox-2="[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetBox-3="[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,193,560]" captionTargetBox-5="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[151,1436,193,560]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 1 — habitus (ventral view, PCM); 2 — habitus (dorsal view, SEM); 3 — dorso-caudal cuticle (SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 8 – 10. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM): 8 — dorsal AISM; 9 — lateral view with both dorsal (arrowhead) and ventral (arrow) AISM profiles visible; 10 — ventral AISM; (all SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-3="FIGURES 11 – 12. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (a) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (b – c). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm." captionText-4="FIGURES 13 – 15. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: claws: 13 — claws III (PCM); 14 — claws III (SEM); 15 — claws IV (SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-5="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." captionText-6="FIGURES 30 – 35. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from the type series: 30 — the anterior part of the body (holotype, ventral view, PCM); 31 — buccal apparatus (holotype, dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 32 — claws II (holotype, PCM); 33 — claws IV (holotype, PCM); 34 — egg surface (PCM); 35 — egg circumference (PCM); arrowheads indicate the lunules under claws. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/839494/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/839498/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/839502/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/re
)
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<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF1FFCA4FB292423" blockId="4.[151,1437,783,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF1FFCA4FC81247B" bold="true" box="[151,770,783,808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
Description. Animals (morphometrics in 
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D52FFC8FD1CFCA4FD71247B" box="[660,754,783,808]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of individuals of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). The sample size is a sum of 14 individuals measured in this study and further 77 individuals measured in Stec et al. (2016 a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of specimens / structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation)." pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Table 4</tableCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Pigmentation of the cuticle from light-red to red-brown chequered pattern on the dorsum. Cuticle smooth (without sculpture, granulation or gibbosities) (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FB61FC9FFACC241F" box="[1257,1359,820,845]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 1 — habitus (ventral view, PCM); 2 — habitus (dorsal view, SEM); 3 — dorso-caudal cuticle (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
). Eyes absent in live animals. Two elliptical organs on head only clearly visible under SEM (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FBDFFCFCFB1F2423" box="[1111,1180,855,880]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[339,1242,195,1454]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 1 — habitus (ventral view, PCM); 2 — habitus (dorsal view, SEM); 3 — dorso-caudal cuticle (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF4FFCD7FB1922DF" blockId="4.[151,1437,783,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D52FFC8FDDFFCD6FD6F24C7" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[599,748,893,916]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FDDFFCD6FD6F24C7" box="[599,748,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FCBDFCD7FC2824C7" box="[821,939,892,917]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStart-1="FIGURES 8 – 10" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId-0="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1198,1220]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,264,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetBox-1="[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 8 – 10. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM): 8 — dorsal AISM; 9 — lateral view with both dorsal (arrowhead) and ventral (arrow) AISM profiles visible; 10 — ventral AISM; (all SEM). Scale bars in µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 11 – 12. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (a) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (b – c). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/839498/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 4–12</figureCitation>
). Mouth opening antero-ventral. Oral cavity armature only partially visible under PCM, clearly visible under SEM. The armature composed of two bands of teeth, both located in the posterior oral cavity (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FD15FC6FFC87248E" box="[669,772,964,989]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
). The first band of teeth absent. The second band composed of very small cone-shaped teeth arranged in 3–5 irregular rows, located on the ring fold (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FB07FC4CFB572353" box="[1167,1236,999,1024]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, arrowhead). The third band composed of a single row of ten large and regularly spaced cone-shaped teeth located just behind the second band of teeth (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FE16FB84FE64231B" box="[414,487,1071,1096]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, arrow). The second band of teeth not visible under PCM, the third band barely detectable under PCM in only some specimens. Apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM) in the shape of blunt hooks and asymmetrical in size and shape with respect to the frontal plane (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FBC4FBDCFB4323C3" box="[1100,1216,1143,1168]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 10" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1198,1220]" captionTargetBox="[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[515,1064,181,1166]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 10. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM): 8 — dorsal AISM; 9 — lateral view with both dorsal (arrowhead) and ventral (arrow) AISM profiles visible; 10 — ventral AISM; (all SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839498/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
). Stylet furcae with rounded ends (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FEC8FB37FE0523E7" box="[320,390,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Buccal tube with a posterior bend and thickened walls posteriorly from the stylet support insertion point. Pharyngeal bulb (bulbus) almost oval, with apophyses and two clearly separated macroplacoids. Pharyngeal apophyses triangular, smaller than macroplacoids. First macroplacoid slightly elongated, second roundish, but the size and shape of placoids exhibit considerable variation; particularly obvious under SEM (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FAE2FAACFF312216" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (a) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (b – c). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 11</figureCitation>
a,b,c–12a,b,c). Macroplacoids appear without constrictions under PCM, but slight constrictions in both macroplacoids are visible in the majority of buccal apparatuses observed under SEM (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FB0AFAE4FB4D223B" box="[1154,1230,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FB55FAE4FB7B223B" box="[1245,1272,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (a) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (b – c). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">11</figureCitation>
a,b,c–12a,b,c). Macroplacoid length configuration 2&lt;1. Microplacoid and septulum absent (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FC67FADFFBBB22DE" box="[1007,1080,1396,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 7" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[169,1418,229,1179]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 7. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: 4 – 5 — oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 6 — buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 7 — stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FBCCFADFFB0E22DF" box="[1092,1165,1396,1420]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 12" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[187,1370,1331,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 12. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 11 — dorsal view; 12 — ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (a) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (b – c). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">11–12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF4FFA3CFA85214E" blockId="4.[151,1437,783,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
Claws of the 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D52FFC8FED6FA33FE7022FC" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[350,499,1432,1455]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FED6FA33FE7022FC" box="[350,499,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D52FFC8FE74FA32FDB222E2" box="[508,561,1433,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">type</typeStatus>
. Primary branches of external and posterior claws long and thin. Internal and anterior claws much smaller and of a different shape than external claws (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FB84FA17FB0C2286" box="[1036,1167,1468,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15" captionStartId="11.[151,264,581,603]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,560]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,560]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: claws: 13 — claws III (PCM); 14 — claws III (SEM); 15 — claws IV (SEM). Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Fig. 13–15</figureCitation>
). Base of external and posterior claws distinctly enlarged, internal and anterior claws with small and smooth pseudolunules. Accessory points on primary branches of all claws, present. Bars and other cuticular thickenings on legs, absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF4FF98CFBFC204B" blockId="4.[151,1437,783,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF4FF98CFDE02113" bold="true" box="[199,611,1575,1600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
Eggs (morphometrics in 
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D52FFC8FE7FF98CFDD72113" box="[503,596,1575,1600]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of eggs of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). The sample size is a sum of 15 eggs measured in this study and further 107 eggs measured in Stec et al. (2016 a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of eggs / structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation)." pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Table 5</tableCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Laid freely, white and spherical, covered with numerous small, thorn-, spine- or filament-shaped processes (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FDB1F9E7FD3E2136" box="[569,701,1612,1637]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
). Always triangular in shape, processes exhibit extreme diversity in size (both height and base width), morphology (e.g. single examples exhibiting transverse septa), as well as in their distribution on the egg surface (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FDCAF93FFD4421FE" box="[578,711,1684,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
). The greatest variability was observed between eggs, however exceptional variability can also sometimes be observed within an individual egg. There is also a considerable variability in process numbers on the egg surface—from fully covered to almost bald eggs with sparse and poorly developed processes. Egg processes and surface between processes smooth (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D52FFC8FC78F954FBF0204B" box="[1008,1139,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D52FFC8FF4FF88FFE9F2033" blockId="4.[151,1437,783,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D52FFC8FF4FF88FFE8E206E" bold="true" box="[199,269,1828,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">DNA:</emphasis>
Obtained sequences were identical across the three analysed individuals (i.e. only a single haplotype was found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF4FFF3CFC792787" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
The obtained 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D53FFC9FEE9FF3CFE1527E3" bold="true" box="[353,406,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">COI</emphasis>
sequence (GenBank: 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D53FFC9FD04FF33FC8927E3" box="[652,778,152,176]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF001999" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">MF001999</accessionNumber>
) is 822 bp long and it encompasses a longer fragment than the 358 bp long COI sequence provided in Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D53FFC9FD38FF16FD6B2787" box="[688,744,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2016a (i.e. 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D53FFC9FCE4FF17FC6D2787" box="[876,1006,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU900021" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">KU900021</accessionNumber>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF1FFEADFB2B25D7" blockId="5.[151,1427,262,644]" box="[151,1427,262,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">TATATGGAACATTATATTTTATTTTCGGCATTTGAGCCGCCACTGTGGGCACCTCCTTAAGAATAATTATTCGATC AGAATTAAGAGAACCCGGATCATTGTTCGCGGAAGAACAACTATACAATGTAACAGTAACTAGACACGCTTTCATT ATGATTTTTTTCTTTGTTATACCCATCCTGATTGGAGGTTTTGGAAATTGATTAGTGCCTCTTATGGTTGGCGCGC CGGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAACTTAAGATTTTGACTACTACCCCCGTCATTTTTATTAATTTCTACAAG CACTATGAGAGAGCAGGGCGCAGGCACCGGATGAACAGTATACCCACCCCTCTCAAACTATTTCGCACATAGGGGA CCTGCCGTAGATTTAACTATTTTTTCTTTACATATTGCAGGTGTTTCCTCTATTTTAGGGGCCATTAATTTTATTT CCACAATTATAAATATACGAACCCCGTCAGTCAGATTAGAGAACATATCTCTCTTCGTTTGATCAGTCCTAATTAC TGCAGTATTATTACTTTTAGCGCTCCCAGTGCTCGCAGGAGCGATTACAATACTACTTCTAGATCGAAATTTTAAT ACCTCATTTTTTGATCCGGCAGGAGGTGGAGATCCGATTCTTTACCAACACCTGTTTTGATTTTTCGGACATCCAG AAGTTTACATTCTTATTTTGCCTGGTTTCGGTTTAGTGTCACAAATTATTGTCCACTACAGAGGGAAACACCTTAC GTTTGGACACTTAGGAATAATTTATGCTATAAGAACTATCGGTTTATTGGGGTTCATCGTTT</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF1FFD1FFC54259E" blockId="5.[151,1427,692,1112]" box="[151,983,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
The obtained 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D53FFC9FEB9FD1FFE2F259E" bold="true" box="[305,428,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">28S rRNA</emphasis>
sequence (GenBank: 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D53FFC9FD2BFD1FFCA2259F" box="[675,801,692,716]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF001998" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">MF001998</accessionNumber>
) is 787 bp long:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF1FFD71FDDE230B" blockId="5.[151,1427,692,1112]" box="[151,1427,730,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">TACTAAGCGGAGGAAAAGAAACCAACGGGGATTCCCATAGTAACTGCGAGTGAAAGGGGAAGAGCCCAGCGCCGAA TCCTACTGCTGGCAACGGTGGTAGGAACTGTGGCGTGAAGACAGTCTATTCCAGTGCGGCTAGCTTGCGTAAGTTC TCCTGAGTGAGGCTCCATCCCATGGAGGGTGCAAGGCCCGTATCGTAAGCAGCTGGTGCTGGTATCAGCTGTCGGA GAGTCGCCTTGTTTGCGAGTACAAGGTGAAGTCGGTGGTAAACTCCATCGAAGGCTAAATATGACCACGAGTCCGA TAGCGAACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAATTGAAAAGCACTTTGAAGAGAGAGCGAAACAGTGCGTGAAACCGCTTAGA GGCAAGCAGATGGGGCCTCGAAGGCAAAGCAGTGAATTCAGCTGGTAGTCCGTAGTGCCGGCCTGCATTACAGATC GCAAGACTGTGGCAGGTTGTGAGGCTGCGGCTGCTAGTGCACTTTCACTGTTTGTACGCCACCGCCGTTGAGCGAG CGTCCGTCTAGCTGGCGTGTGAAGCCTTGTTCCCTTTACGGGGTTACAGGTGTCTTACTGCCGGTCACGACGCGTT CGCACCTCAACCGGTCATGTCAGCGTGTGCCAGCGTATTGCGTTGGGCTCGTTCACCCTGGTGTGCGTCGGAGATG ACAAGCTCGCTTGGCTCACTGGCGTATTGCCTGGGAATGGGCGGGTTTGCAACGTAGGCACATTGTCGATTCGGTG GCGAGTAGACGGCTGCCCATCTAACCC</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF1FFB2CFC6623F3" blockId="5.[151,1427,1159,1688]" box="[151,997,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
The obtained 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D53FFC9FEB9FB2CFE2F23F3" bold="true" box="[305,428,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">18S rRNA</emphasis>
sequence (GenBank: 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D53FFC9FD2BFB23FCA223F3" box="[675,801,1160,1184]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF001997" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">MF001997</accessionNumber>
) is 1034 bp long:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF1FFB05FC1F21CB" blockId="5.[151,1427,1159,1688]" box="[151,1427,1198,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">AGATCGTACAGTTTACATGGATAACTGTGGTAATTCTAGAGCTAATACATGCATTCAGCTCGCTCTCTCGGGAGCG AGCGCAGTTATTAGAATAAAACCAATCCGGCCTTCGGGTCGGTAAAATTGGTGACTCTGAATAACCGAAGCGGAGC GCATGGTCTCGTACCGGCGCCAGATCTTTCAAGTGTCTGACTTATCAGCTCGTAGGTAGGTTATGTGCCTACCTAG GCTCTTACGGGTAACGGGGTGTCAGGGCCCGACACCGGAGAGGGAGCCTGAGAAACGGCTACCACATCCAAGGAAG GCAGCAGGCGCGCAAATTACCCACTCCCGGCACGGGGAGGTAGTGACGAAAAATAACGATGCGAGAGCTTTTAGCT TTTCGTAATCGGAATGGGTACACTTTAAATCCTTTAACGAGGATCTATTGGAGGGCAAGTCTGGTGCCAGCAGCCG CGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGCTGCGGTTAAAAAGCTCGTAGTTGGATCTGGGTTGTTCGA GCGAGCGGTGCGTCTTCACGGCGTAACTGTTTGTTCGGCACCACAGCCCGGTTATGTCTTGCATGCCCTTCACTGG GTGTGCTTGGCGACCGGAACGTTTACTTTGAAAAAATTAGAGTGCTCAAAGCAGGCGTATGGCCTTGCATAATGGT GCATGGAATAATAGAATAGGACCTCGGTTCTATTTTGTTGGTTTTCGGAGCTCGAGGTAATGATTAATAGGAACAG ACGGGGGCATTCGTATTGCGGCGTTAGAGGTGAAATTCTTGGATCGTCGCAAGACGCACTACTGCGAAAGCATTTG CCAAGAATGTTTTCATTAATCAAGAACGAAAGTTAGAGGTTCGAAGGCGATCAGATACCGCCCTAGTTCTAACCAT AAACGATGCCAACCAGCGATCCGTCGGTGTTTGTTTTATGACTCGACGGGCAGCTTCCGGGAAACCAAAGTGTTTA GGTTCCGGGGGAAGTATGGTTGCAAAGCTGAAACTTAAAGAATGAC</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D53FFC9FF4FF963FA9E21B3" blockId="5.[199,1309,1735,1760]" box="[199,1309,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
See also Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D53FFC9FEE9F962FE1A21B3" box="[353,409,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a) for the sequences of the two known ITS-2 haplotypes (
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D53FFC9FBECF963FB6521B3" box="[1124,1254,1736,1760]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU900019" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">KU900019</accessionNumber>
–20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D50FFCAFF1FFF33FB0E2643" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D50FFCAFF1FFF33FB0E2643" blockId="6.[151,1435,151,272]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFF1FFF33FE8F27FC" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D50FFCAFBFFFF33FEBC2783" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFBFFFF33FA1827FC" box="[1143,1435,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
. The sample size is a sum of 14 individuals measured in this study and further 77 individuals measured in Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFF45FF72FE8727A3" box="[205,260,216,240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of specimens/structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D50FFCAFF17FE80FA03202B" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<table id="ACC7669E3D500033FF17FE80FA03202B" box="[159,1408,299,1912]" gridcols="6" gridrows="40" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FE80FA032612" box="[159,1408,299,321]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FE80FE482612" box="[159,459,299,321]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">CHARACTER</th>
<th id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FE80FDDA2612" box="[575,601,299,321]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">N</th>
<th id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFE80FC772612" box="[644,1012,299,321]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">RANGE</th>
<th id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FE80FB422612" box="[1072,1217,299,321]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">MEAN</th>
<th id="2326FF003D500033FB76FE80FACE2612" box="[1278,1357,299,321]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FEFEFA032639" box="[159,1408,341,362]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFEFEFC772639" box="[644,1012,341,362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
µm 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFC14FEFEFC2C2639" box="[924,943,341,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">pt</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FEFEFB422639" box="[1072,1217,341,362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
µm 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB17FEFEFB312639" box="[1183,1202,341,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">pt</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FEFEFACE2639" box="[1278,1357,341,362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">µm</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FEFEFA032639" box="[1376,1408,341,362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAEEFEFEFAF92639" box="[1382,1402,341,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">pt</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FED6FA0326C0" box="[159,1408,381,403]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FED6FE4826C0" box="[159,459,381,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Body length</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FED6FDDA26C0" box="[575,601,381,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">91</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFED6FC7726C0" box="[644,1012,381,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
261 – 452 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCEDFED6FC7726C0" box="[869,1012,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">855 – 1296</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FED6FB4226C0" box="[1072,1217,381,403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
366 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB07FED6FB4226C0" box="[1167,1217,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1073</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FED6FACE26C0" box="[1278,1357,381,403]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">40</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FED6FA0326C0" box="[1376,1408,381,403]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAEBFED6FAFE26C0" box="[1379,1405,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">94</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FE0EFA0326E8" box="[159,1408,421,443]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FE0EFE4826E8" box="[159,459,421,443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Buccal tube</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FE65FA0326B7" box="[159,1408,462,484]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FE65FE4826B7" box="[159,459,462,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Buccal tube length</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FE65FDDA26B7" box="[575,601,462,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">78</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFE65FC7726B7" box="[644,1012,462,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">30.1 – 38.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FE65FB4226B7" box="[1072,1217,462,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">33.7</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FE65FACE26B7" box="[1278,1357,462,484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FE5CFA03255E" box="[159,1408,503,525]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FE5CFE48255E" box="[159,459,503,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Stylet support insertion point</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FE5CFDDA255E" box="[575,601,503,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">77</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFE5CFC77255E" box="[644,1012,503,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
18.0 – 23.4 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FE5CFC6E255E" box="[863,1005,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">57.9 – 64.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FE5CFB42255E" box="[1072,1217,503,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
20.6 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFE5CFB3C255E" box="[1171,1215,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">61.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FE5CFACE255E" box="[1278,1357,503,525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FE5CFA03255E" box="[1376,1408,503,525]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FE5CFA03255E" box="[1376,1408,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FD8BFA032565" box="[159,1408,544,566]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FD8BFE482565" box="[159,459,544,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Buccal tube external width</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FD8BFDDA2565" box="[575,601,544,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">77</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFD8BFC772565" box="[644,1012,544,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
2.5 – 3.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCE3FD8AFC6D2565" box="[875,1006,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">7.4 – 1 0.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FD8BFB422565" box="[1072,1217,544,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
3.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB11FD8BFB3A2565" box="[1177,1209,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">9.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FD8BFACE2565" box="[1278,1357,544,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FD8BFA032565" box="[1376,1408,544,566]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FD8BFA032565" box="[1376,1408,544,566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FDE2FA03250C" box="[159,1408,585,607]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FDE2FE48250C" box="[159,459,585,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Buccal tube internal width</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FDE2FDDA250C" box="[575,601,585,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">14</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFDE2FC77250C" box="[644,1012,585,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
0.9 – 1.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCE3FDE2FC62250C" box="[875,993,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.5 – 4.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FDE2FB42250C" box="[1072,1217,585,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
1.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB11FDE2FB3A250C" box="[1177,1209,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FDE2FACE250C" box="[1278,1357,585,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FDE2FA03250C" box="[1376,1408,585,607]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FDE2FA03250C" box="[1376,1408,585,607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FDD9FA0325DB" box="[159,1408,626,648]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FDD9FE4825DB" box="[159,459,626,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Placoid lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FD31FA0325E3" box="[159,1408,666,688]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FD31FE4825E3" box="[159,459,666,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Macroplacoid 1</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FD31FDDA25E3" box="[575,601,666,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">78</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFD31FC7725E3" box="[644,1012,666,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
3.8 – 6.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCE9FD31FC6D25E3" box="[865,1006,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1 1.4 – 1 5.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FD31FB4225E3" box="[1072,1217,666,688]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
4.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFD31FB3C25E3" box="[1171,1215,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">13.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FD31FACE25E3" box="[1278,1357,666,688]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FD31FA0325E3" box="[1376,1408,666,688]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FD31FA0325E3" box="[1376,1408,666,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FD68FA03258A" box="[159,1408,707,729]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FD68FE48258A" box="[159,459,707,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Macroplacoid 2</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FD68FDDA258A" box="[575,601,707,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">78</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFD68FC77258A" box="[644,1012,707,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
2.8 – 4.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCE3FD6FFC6D258A" box="[875,1006,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">7.8 – 1 2.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FD68FB42258A" box="[1072,1217,707,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
3.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFD68FB3C258A" box="[1171,1215,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">10.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FD68FACE258A" box="[1278,1357,707,729]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.3</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FD68FA03258A" box="[1376,1408,707,729]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FD68FA03258A" box="[1376,1408,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FD47FA032451" box="[159,1408,748,770]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FD47FE482451" box="[159,459,748,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Macroplacoid row</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FD47FDDA2451" box="[575,601,748,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">14</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFD47FC772451" box="[644,1012,748,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.9 – 11.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FD47FC6E2451" box="[863,1005,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">23.0 – 28.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FD47FB422451" box="[1072,1217,748,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFD47FB3C2451" box="[1171,1215,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">25.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FD47FACE2451" box="[1278,1357,748,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FD47FA032451" box="[1376,1408,748,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FD47FA032451" box="[1376,1408,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FCBEFA032478" box="[159,1408,789,811]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FCBEFE482478" box="[159,459,789,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Claw 1 lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FC96FA032407" box="[159,1408,829,852]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FC96FE482407" box="[159,459,829,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FC96FDDA2407" box="[575,601,829,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">67</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFC96FC772407" box="[644,1012,829,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.4 – 12.8 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FC96FC6E2400" box="[863,1005,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">19.4 – 37.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FC96FB422407" box="[1072,1217,829,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
9.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFC96FB3C2400" box="[1171,1215,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">26.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FC96FACE2407" box="[1278,1357,829,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FC96FA032407" box="[1376,1408,829,852]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FC96FA032400" box="[1376,1408,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FCCDFA03242E" box="[159,1408,870,893]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FCCDFE48242E" box="[159,459,870,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FCCDFDDA242E" box="[575,601,870,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">78</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFCCDFC77242E" box="[644,1012,870,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
12.2 – 15.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FCCDFC6E242F" box="[863,1005,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">35.3 – 50.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FCCDFB42242E" box="[1072,1217,870,893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
14.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFCCDFB3C242F" box="[1171,1215,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">42.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FCCDFACE242E" box="[1278,1357,870,893]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FCCDFA03242E" box="[1376,1408,870,893]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FCCDFA03242F" box="[1376,1408,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.1</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FC24FA0324F6" box="[159,1408,911,933]" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FC24FE4824F6" box="[159,459,911,933]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FC24FDDA24F6" box="[575,601,911,933]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">61</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFC24FC7724F6" box="[644,1012,911,933]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.7 – 8.9 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FC24FC6E24F6" box="[863,1005,911,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">18.2 – 27.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FC24FB4224F6" box="[1072,1217,911,933]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.9 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFC24FB3C24F6" box="[1171,1215,911,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">23.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FC24FACE24F6" box="[1278,1357,911,933]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FC24FA0324F6" box="[1376,1408,911,933]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FC24FA0324F6" box="[1376,1408,911,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FC13FA03249D" box="[159,1408,952,974]" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FC13FE48249D" box="[159,459,952,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FC13FDDA249D" box="[575,601,952,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">57</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFC13FC77249D" box="[644,1012,952,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
4.5 – 8.9 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FC13FC6E249D" box="[863,1005,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">13.5 – 26.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FC13FB42249D" box="[1072,1217,952,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFC13FB3C249D" box="[1171,1215,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">21.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FC13FACE249D" box="[1278,1357,952,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FC13FA03249D" box="[1376,1408,952,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FC13FA03249D" box="[1376,1408,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FC4AFA0324A4" box="[159,1408,993,1015]" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FC4AFE4824A4" box="[159,459,993,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FC4AFDDA24A4" box="[575,601,993,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">53</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFC4AFC7724A4" box="[644,1012,993,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.5 – 10.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FC4AFC6E24A4" box="[863,1005,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">19.4 – 29.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FC4AFB4224A4" box="[1072,1217,993,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFC4AFB3C24A4" box="[1171,1215,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">24.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FC4AFACE24A4" box="[1278,1357,993,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FC4AFA0324A4" box="[1376,1408,993,1015]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FC4AFA0324A4" box="[1376,1408,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FBA1FA032373" box="[159,1408,1034,1056]" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FBA1FE482373" box="[159,459,1034,1056]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FBA1FDDA2373" box="[575,601,1034,1056]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">48</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFBA1FC772373" box="[644,1012,1034,1056]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
4.7 – 7.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FBA1FC6E2373" box="[863,1005,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">14.1 – 23.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FBA1FB422373" box="[1072,1217,1034,1056]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.8 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFBA1FB3C2373" box="[1171,1215,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">20.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FBA1FACE2373" box="[1278,1357,1034,1056]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FBA1FA032373" box="[1376,1408,1034,1056]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FBA1FA032373" box="[1376,1408,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FB99FA03231B" box="[159,1408,1074,1096]" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FB99FE48231B" box="[159,459,1074,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Claw 2 lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FBF0FA032322" box="[159,1408,1115,1137]" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FBF0FE482322" box="[159,459,1115,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FBF0FDDA2322" box="[575,601,1115,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">73</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFBF0FC772322" box="[644,1012,1115,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.4 – 12.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FBF0FC6E2322" box="[863,1005,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">22.6 – 37.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FBF0FB422322" box="[1072,1217,1115,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
10.2 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFBF0FB3C2322" box="[1171,1215,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">30.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FBF0FACE2322" box="[1278,1357,1115,1137]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.1</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FBF0FA032322" box="[1376,1408,1115,1137]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FBF0FA032322" box="[1376,1408,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FB2FFA0323C9" box="[159,1408,1156,1178]" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FB2FFE4823C9" box="[159,459,1156,1178]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FB2FFDDA23C9" box="[575,601,1156,1178]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">80</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFB2FFC7723C9" box="[644,1012,1156,1178]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.0 – 17.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FB2FFC6E23C9" box="[863,1005,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">21.4 – 54.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FB2FFB4223C9" box="[1072,1217,1156,1178]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
16.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFB2FFB3C23C9" box="[1171,1215,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">47.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FB2FFACE23C9" box="[1278,1357,1156,1178]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.7</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FB2FFA0323C9" box="[1376,1408,1156,1178]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FB2FFA0323C9" box="[1376,1408,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">5.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FB06FA032390" box="[159,1408,1197,1219]" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FB06FE482390" box="[159,459,1197,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FB06FDDA2390" box="[575,601,1197,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">61</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFB06FC772390" box="[644,1012,1197,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.1 – 15.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FB06FC6E2390" box="[863,1005,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">19.3 – 47.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FB06FB422390" box="[1072,1217,1197,1219]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.4 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFB06FB3C2390" box="[1171,1215,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">25.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FB06FACE2390" box="[1278,1357,1197,1219]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FB06FA032390" box="[1376,1408,1197,1219]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FB06FA032390" box="[1376,1408,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FB7EFA0323BF" box="[159,1408,1237,1260]" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FB7EFE4823BF" box="[159,459,1237,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FB7EFDDA23BF" box="[575,601,1237,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">55</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFB7EFC7723BF" box="[644,1012,1237,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.3 – 8.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FB7EFC6E23B8" box="[863,1005,1237,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">16.2 – 27.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FB7EFB4223BF" box="[1072,1217,1237,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.6 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFB7EFB3C23B8" box="[1171,1215,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">22.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FB7EFACE23BF" box="[1278,1357,1237,1260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FB7EFA0323BF" box="[1376,1408,1237,1260]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FB7EFA0323B8" box="[1376,1408,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.1</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FB55FA032246" box="[159,1408,1278,1301]" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FB55FE482246" box="[159,459,1278,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FB55FDDA2246" box="[575,601,1278,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">50</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFB55FC772246" box="[644,1012,1278,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.2 – 10.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FB55FC6E2247" box="[863,1005,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">23.3 – 32.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FB55FB422246" box="[1072,1217,1278,1301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
9.4 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFB55FB3C2247" box="[1171,1215,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">27.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FB55FACE2246" box="[1278,1357,1278,1301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FB55FA032246" box="[1376,1408,1278,1301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FB55FA032247" box="[1376,1408,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FA8CFA03226E" box="[159,1408,1319,1341]" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FA8CFE48226E" box="[159,459,1319,1341]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FA8CFDDA226E" box="[575,601,1319,1341]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">49</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFA8CFC77226E" box="[644,1012,1319,1341]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.8 – 9.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FA8CFC6E226E" box="[863,1005,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">16.8 – 27.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FA8CFB42226E" box="[1072,1217,1319,1341]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.6 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFA8CFB3C226E" box="[1171,1215,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">22.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FA8CFACE226E" box="[1278,1357,1319,1341]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FA8CFA03226E" box="[1376,1408,1319,1341]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FA8CFA03226E" box="[1376,1408,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FAFBFA032235" box="[159,1408,1360,1382]" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FAFBFE482235" box="[159,459,1360,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Claw 3 lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FAD2FA0322DC" box="[159,1408,1401,1423]" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FAD2FE4822DC" box="[159,459,1401,1423]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FAD2FDDA22DC" box="[575,601,1401,1423]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">72</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFAD2FC7722DC" box="[644,1012,1401,1423]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.4 – 12.6 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FAD2FC6E22DC" box="[863,1005,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">19.2 – 36.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FAD2FB4222DC" box="[1072,1217,1401,1423]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
10.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFAD2FB3C22DC" box="[1171,1215,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">29.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FAD2FACE22DC" box="[1278,1357,1401,1423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.1</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FAD2FA0322DC" box="[1376,1408,1401,1423]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FAD2FA0322DC" box="[1376,1408,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FA09FA0322EB" box="[159,1408,1442,1464]" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FA09FE4822EB" box="[159,459,1442,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FA09FDDA22EB" box="[575,601,1442,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">84</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFA09FC7722EB" box="[644,1012,1442,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.5 – 19.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FA09FC6E22E4" box="[863,1005,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">19.4 – 55.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FA09FB4222EB" box="[1072,1217,1442,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
16.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFA09FB3C22EB" box="[1171,1215,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">47.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FA09FACE22EB" box="[1278,1357,1442,1464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FA09FA0322EB" box="[1376,1408,1442,1464]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FA09FA0322EB" box="[1376,1408,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">7.0</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FA61FA0322B3" box="[159,1408,1482,1504]" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FA61FE4822B3" box="[159,459,1482,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">External secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FA61FDDA22B3" box="[575,601,1482,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">60</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFA61FC7722B3" box="[644,1012,1482,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.1 – 14.8 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FA61FC6E22B3" box="[863,1005,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">13.2 – 44.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FA61FB4222B3" box="[1072,1217,1482,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFA61FB3C22B3" box="[1171,1215,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">24.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FA61FACE22B3" box="[1278,1357,1482,1504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.3</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FA61FA0322B3" box="[1376,1408,1482,1504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FA61FA0322B3" box="[1376,1408,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">4.1</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17FA58FA03215A" box="[159,1408,1523,1545]" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17FA58FE48215A" box="[159,459,1523,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7FA58FDDA215A" box="[575,601,1523,1545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">59</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CFA58FC77215A" box="[644,1012,1523,1545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.3 – 8.9 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7FA58FC6E215A" box="[863,1005,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">15.9 – 27.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8FA58FB42215A" box="[1072,1217,1523,1545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BFA58FB3C215A" box="[1171,1215,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">22.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76FA58FACE215A" box="[1278,1357,1523,1545]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.7</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8FA58FA03215A" box="[1376,1408,1523,1545]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8FA58FA03215A" box="[1376,1408,1523,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.1</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F9B7FA032161" box="[159,1408,1564,1586]" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F9B7FE482161" box="[159,459,1564,1586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F9B7FDDA2161" box="[575,601,1564,1586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">56</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF9B7FC772161" box="[644,1012,1564,1586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.2 – 11.8 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F9B7FC6E2161" box="[863,1005,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">21.8 – 33.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F9B7FB422161" box="[1072,1217,1564,1586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
9.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF9B7FB3C2161" box="[1171,1215,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">27.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F9B7FACE2161" box="[1278,1357,1564,1586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F9B7FA032161" box="[1376,1408,1564,1586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F9B7FA032161" box="[1376,1408,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F9EEFA032108" box="[159,1408,1605,1627]" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F9EEFE482108" box="[159,459,1605,1627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Internal secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F9EEFDDA2108" box="[575,601,1605,1627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">53</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF9EEFC772108" box="[644,1012,1605,1627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.6 – 10.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F9EEFC6E2108" box="[863,1005,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">14.4 – 28.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F9EEFB422108" box="[1072,1217,1605,1627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
7.4 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF9EEFB3C2108" box="[1171,1215,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">21.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F9EEFACE2108" box="[1278,1357,1605,1627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F9EEFA032108" box="[1376,1408,1605,1627]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F9EEFA032108" box="[1376,1408,1605,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F9C6FA0321D0" box="[159,1408,1645,1667]" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F9C6FE4821D0" box="[159,459,1645,1667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Claw 4 lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F93DFA0321FE" box="[159,1408,1686,1709]" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F93DFE4821FE" box="[159,459,1686,1709]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Anterior base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F93DFDDA21FE" box="[575,601,1686,1709]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">73</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF93DFC7721FE" box="[644,1012,1686,1709]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.6 – 9.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F93DFC6E21FF" box="[863,1005,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">17.5 – 34.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F93DFB4221FE" box="[1072,1217,1686,1709]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF93DFB3C21FF" box="[1171,1215,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">24.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F93DFACE21FE" box="[1278,1357,1686,1709]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F93DFA0321FE" box="[1376,1408,1686,1709]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F93DFA0321FF" box="[1376,1408,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.7</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F914FA032186" box="[159,1408,1727,1749]" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F914FE482186" box="[159,459,1727,1749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Anterior primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F914FDDA2186" box="[575,601,1727,1749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">73</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF914FC772186" box="[644,1012,1727,1749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.9 – 11.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F914FC6E2186" box="[863,1005,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">22.5 – 62.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F914FB422186" box="[1072,1217,1727,1749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
10.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF914FB3C2186" box="[1171,1215,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">29.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F914FACE2186" box="[1278,1357,1727,1749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.2</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F914FA032186" box="[1376,1408,1727,1749]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F914FA032186" box="[1376,1408,1727,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">6.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F943FA0321AD" box="[159,1408,1768,1790]" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F943FE4821AD" box="[159,459,1768,1790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Anterior secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F943FDDA21AD" box="[575,601,1768,1790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">64</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF943FC7721AD" box="[644,1012,1768,1790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
5.9 – 9.3 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F943FC6E21AD" box="[863,1005,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">17.1 – 28.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F943FB4221AD" box="[1072,1217,1768,1790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF943FB3C21AD" box="[1171,1215,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">23.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F943FACE21AD" box="[1278,1357,1768,1790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">0.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F943FA0321AD" box="[1376,1408,1768,1790]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F943FA0321AD" box="[1376,1408,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F8BAFA032074" box="[159,1408,1809,1831]" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F8BAFE482074" box="[159,459,1809,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Posterior base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F8BAFDDA2074" box="[575,601,1809,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">72</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF8BAFC772074" box="[644,1012,1809,1831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.7 – 13.9 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F8BAFC6E2074" box="[863,1005,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">20.5 – 41.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F8BAFB422074" box="[1072,1217,1809,1831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
10.5 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF8BAFB3C2074" box="[1171,1215,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">31.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F8BAFACE2074" box="[1278,1357,1809,1831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F8BAFA032074" box="[1376,1408,1809,1831]" gridcol="5" gridrow="37" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F8BAFA032074" box="[1376,1408,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">3.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F891FA032003" box="[159,1408,1850,1872]" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F891FE482003" box="[159,459,1850,1872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Posterior primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F891FDDA2003" box="[575,601,1850,1872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">88</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF891FC772003" box="[644,1012,1850,1872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.5 – 20.1 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F891FC6E2003" box="[863,1005,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">24.2 – 65.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F891FB422003" box="[1072,1217,1850,1872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
19.0 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF891FB3C2003" box="[1171,1215,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">55.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F891FACE2003" box="[1278,1357,1850,1872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">2.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F891FA032003" box="[1376,1408,1850,1872]" gridcol="5" gridrow="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFAE8F891FA032003" box="[1376,1408,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">7.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D500033FF17F8C9FA03202B" box="[159,1408,1890,1912]" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
<th id="2326FF003D500033FF17F8C9FE48202B" box="[159,459,1890,1912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Posterior secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FDB7F8C9FDDA202B" box="[575,601,1890,1912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">44</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FD0CF8C9FC77202B" box="[644,1012,1890,1912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
6.0 – 9.8 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFCD7F8C9FC6E202B" box="[863,1005,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">16.2 – 59.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FBB8F8C9FB42202B" box="[1072,1217,1890,1912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
8.7 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D50FFCAFB1BF8C9FB3C202B" box="[1171,1215,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">25.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FB76F8C9FACE202B" box="[1278,1357,1890,1912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">1.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D500033FAE8F8C9FA03202B" box="[1376,1408,1890,1912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">6.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D51FFCBFF1FFF33FCE5265C" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D51FFCBFF1FFF33FCE5265C" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF1FFF33FE8827FC" bold="true" box="[151,267,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFB99FF33FF5B279C" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB99FF33FAB727FC" box="[1041,1332,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
. The sample size is a sum of 15 eggs measured in this study and further 107 eggs measured in Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFA8DFF13FABF279C" box="[1285,1340,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of eggs/structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D51FFCBFF17FE81FAF0250E" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<table id="ACC7669E3D510033FF17FE81FAF7250E" box="[159,1396,298,605]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FE81FAF72613" box="[159,1396,298,320]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FE81FDF82613" box="[159,635,298,320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">CHARACTER</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFE81FC9A2613" box="[755,793,298,320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">N</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FC05FE81FBAE2613" box="[909,1069,298,320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">RANGE</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FB25FE81FB7B2613" box="[1197,1272,298,320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">MEAN</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FACEFE81FAF72613" box="[1350,1396,298,320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FEF8FAF726C2" box="[159,1396,339,401]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FEF8FDF826C2" box="[159,635,339,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Diameter of egg without processes Diameter of egg with processes</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFEF8FC9A26C2" box="[755,793,339,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">48 15</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FC05FEF8FBAE26C2" box="[909,1069,339,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">49.8 – 94.2 73.2 – 107.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB25FEF8FB7B26C2" box="[1197,1272,339,401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">70.0 86.7</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FACEFEF8FAF726C2" box="[1350,1396,339,401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">9.2 10.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FE0FFAF726E9" box="[159,1396,420,442]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FE0FFDF826E9" box="[159,635,420,442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Process height</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFE0FFC9A26E9" box="[755,793,420,442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">366</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FC05FE0FFBAE26E9" box="[909,1069,420,442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">1.5 – 12.5</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB25FE0FFB7B26E9" box="[1197,1272,420,442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">6.3</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FACEFE0FFAF726E9" box="[1350,1396,420,442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FE66FAF726B0" box="[159,1396,461,483]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FE66FDF826B0" box="[159,635,461,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Process base width</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFE66FC9A26B0" box="[755,793,461,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">366</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FC05FE66FBAE26B0" box="[909,1069,461,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">0.5 – 9.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB25FE66FB7B26B0" box="[1197,1272,461,483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">2.3</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FACEFE66FAF726B0" box="[1350,1396,461,483]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FE5DFAF72567" box="[159,1396,502,564]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FE5DFDF82567" box="[159,635,502,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Process base/height ratio Distance between processes</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFE5DFC9A2567" box="[755,793,502,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">366 366</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FC05FE5DFBAE2567" box="[909,1069,502,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">18% – 108% 0.1 – 3.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB25FE5DFB7B2567" box="[1197,1272,502,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">50% 0.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FACEFE5DFAF72567" box="[1350,1396,502,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">18% 0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF17FDECFAF7250E" box="[159,1396,583,605]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF17FDECFDF8250E" box="[159,635,583,605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Number of processes on the egg circumference</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD7BFDECFC9A250E" box="[755,793,583,605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">121</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FC05FDECFBAE250E" box="[909,1069,583,605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3 – 106</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB25FDECFB7B250E" box="[1197,1272,583,605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">60.5</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FACEFDECFAF7250E" box="[1350,1396,583,605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">19.4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D51FFCBFF1FFD35FCDA2466" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D51FFCBFF1FFD35FCDA2466" blockId="7.[151,1436,669,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF1FFD35FE8E25E6" bold="true" box="[151,269,670,693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Given that the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFD4FFD35FB2625E6" authority="(Ramazzotti, 1962)" authorityName="Ramazzotti" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[711,1189,669,693]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD4FFD35FC4A25E6" box="[711,969,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Ramazzottius anomalus</emphasis>
(Ramazzotti, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
contains only several measurements of a single specimen (holotype), below we compare specimens of similar body lengths of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFB63FD15FAEC2586" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1259,1391,701,725]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB63FD15FAEC2586" box="[1259,1391,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFF1FFD75FDEE25A6" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[151,621,733,757]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF1FFD75FE3A25A6" box="[151,441,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
. Characters and values 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFCE6FD75FC4325A6" bold="true" box="[878,960,734,757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">in bold</emphasis>
indicate differences between the specimens that fall in ranges of inter-specific variability. Primary branch lengths for the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFBCEFD55FB6C2446" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1094,1263,765,789]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFBCEFD55FB6C2446" box="[1094,1263,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were calculated by subtracting length of the claw base from the entire claw length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="96DDC7B53D51FFC7FF17FCFBFD4E2110" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D51FFC5FF17FCFBFBAC2781" blockId="7.[159,1387,848,901]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,210]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
CHARACTER 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFDFCFCFAFADB2435" box="[628,1368,848,870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFDFCFCFAFD712435" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[628,754,848,870]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">R. anomalus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFC05FCFAFADB2435" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[909,1368,848,870]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">R. subanomalus R. subanomalus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D51FFCBFD0EFCC4FD6124D6" box="[646,738,879,901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D51FFCBFC38FCC4FB8F24D6" box="[944,1036,879,901]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) (a Polish specimen) 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF1FF916FCD52185" bold="true" box="[151,854,1725,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Intraspecific variability in morphology and morphometry.</emphasis>
In the same population of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFB04F915FAC32186" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1164,1344,1725,1749]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB04F915FAC32186" box="[1164,1344,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as used for this study, Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFEF2F949FE3521AA" box="[378,438,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a) analysed intra-specific variability in the standard morphometric traits of both animals and eggs in relation to the genetic variation uncovered. However, Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFBB5F8ADFBFA204E" box="[1085,1145,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
(2016a) concentrated on analysing the determinants of eggshell variability, and thus their study lacked a comparison of the recorded variability with that described by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D51FFCBFD90F8E6FD402035" author="Biserov" box="[536,707,1869,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov (1985)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D51FFCBFB92F8E5FB4C2036" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1050,1231,1869,1893]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB92F8E5FB4C2036" box="[1050,1231,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Compared to the 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D51FFCBFF1FF8D9FF4B20D9" box="[151,200,1906,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">type</typeStatus>
series (measurements by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D51FFCBFE64F8DAFD0620D9" author="Biserov" box="[492,645,1905,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov 1985</bibRefCitation>
provided in 
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D51FFCBFC9CF8DAFCEB20D9" box="[788,872,1905,1930]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,239,670,693]" captionText="TABLE 6. Given that the original description of Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) contains only several measurements of a single specimen (holotype), below we compare specimens of similar body lengths of R. anomalus and Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). Characters and values in bold indicate differences between the specimens that fall in ranges of inter-specific variability. Primary branch lengths for the holotype of R. subanomalus were calculated by subtracting length of the claw base from the entire claw length." pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Table 6</tableCitation>
and new photomicrographs in 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D51FFCBFB40F8DAFAC820D9" box="[1224,1355,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from the type series: 30 — the anterior part of the body (holotype, ventral view, PCM); 31 — buccal apparatus (holotype, dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 32 — claws II (holotype, PCM); 33 — claws IV (holotype, PCM); 34 — egg surface (PCM); 35 — egg circumference (PCM); arrowheads indicate the lunules under claws. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839506/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Figs 30–35</figureCitation>
), our Polish population of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FEFEF988FDA02169" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[374,547,1570,1594]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FEFEF988FDA02169" box="[374,547,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited a wider range for several morphometric traits, e.g. macroplacoid I length (2.3–4.5 µm in the 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D5EFFC4FEEDF9EFFE17210F" box="[357,404,1604,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
population 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FD9CF9EFFDB22108" box="[532,561,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">vs.</emphasis>
3.8–6.0 µm in the Polish population), egg process height (3.0–6.6 µm in the 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D5EFFC4FAE6F9EFFA1F210F" box="[1390,1436,1604,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
population 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FE99F9CDFEAD212E" box="[273,302,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">vs.</emphasis>
1.5–12.5 µm in the Polish population), egg process base diameter (2.0–4.5 µm in the 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D5EFFC4FB47F9CDFB7D212D" box="[1231,1278,1638,1662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">type</typeStatus>
population 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FAF7F9CDFA1F212E" box="[1407,1436,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">vs.</emphasis>
0.5–9.9 µm in the Polish population). Thus, the most striking variability in 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FC54F92CFB0821CD" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[988,1163,1670,1694]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FC54F92CFB0821CD" box="[988,1163,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed not in the animals, but in the number, size and shape of the egg processes (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5EFFC4FCC5F90CFC482193" box="[845,971,1703,1728]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
; see also Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FBEDF903FB1821EC" box="[1125,1179,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">et al.</emphasis>
2016a). 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5EFFC4FB71F90CFA1F2193" author="Biserov" box="[1273,1436,1703,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov (1985)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FE86F961FE4721B2" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[270,452,1737,1761]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FE86F961FE4721B2" box="[270,452,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs as covered with cone-shaped processes of similar size, but our observations considerably widen the range of chorion morphology in this species. We suspect that if, for example, eggs shown in 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5EFFC4FF1FF8A0FE0E2077" box="[151,397,1803,1828]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Figs 16, 20, 26 and 29</figureCitation>
were found in different samples, it is very likely that they would be classified as four different species. Even though egg morphology is considered to provide key taxonomic traits for the differentiation of many eutardigrade taxa, including the genus 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FDB0F8E4FD4B2035" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[568,712,1871,1894]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FDB0F8E4FD4B2035" box="[568,712,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the evidence presented in this paper plus that provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5EFFC4FAC0F8E5FF5C20DB" author="Biserov" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1996) Tardigrada of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, collected by the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition in 1994. Arthropoda Selecta, 5, 151 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1996">Biserov (1996)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FE99F8DBFD6020DB" ID-CoL="4RBZX" authority="(Dastych, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[273,739,1903,1928]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="montivagus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FE99F8DBFDAB20D4" box="[273,552,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius montivagus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5EFFC4FDB1F8C4FD5820DB" author="Dastych" box="[569,731,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" refString="Dastych, H. (1983) Two new Eutardigrada species from West Spitsbergen and the Tatra Mts. Bulletin de la Societe des amis des sciences et des lettres de Poznan, 23, 195 - 200." type="journal article" year="1983">Dastych, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5EFFC4FCB3F8C4FC7520DB" author="Biserov" box="[827,1014,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1997 - 98) Tardigrades of the Caucasus with the taxonomic analysis of the genus Ramazzottius (Parachela: Hybsibiidea). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 236, 139 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1997">Biserov (1997/8)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FBA1F8DBFF4E20FA" ID-CoL="4RBZT" authority="Biserov, 1998" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1998" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FBA1F8DBFABA20D4" box="[1065,1337,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius caucasicus</emphasis>
Biserov, 1998
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FE8BF839FD2120FA" ID-CoL="4RBZW" authority="Biserov, 1998" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1998" box="[259,674,1937,1962]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="ljudmilae">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FE8BF839FD8220FA" box="[259,513,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius ljudmilae</emphasis>
Biserov, 1998
</taxonomicName>
, suggest egg morphology has a limited value for the differentiation of at least some 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FEBAF818FE402099" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[306,451,1971,1994]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FEBAF818FE402099" box="[306,451,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Since the taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FCBBF818FC402099" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[819,963,1971,1994]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FCBBF818FC402099" box="[819,963,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based solely on alpha taxonomy (i.e. morphology and morphometrics), there is a problem even if the stability of egg traits is assumed. Our study, therefore, underlines the importance of providing an integrated analysis of species, combining classic taxonomy with the molecular approach, to delineate the species in this genus (see also Stec 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FC29FF11FC552782" box="[929,982,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
2016a).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D51FFCBFF17FC6BFE9821C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<table id="ACC7669E3D510033FF1FFC32FAE821C3" box="[151,1387,921,1680]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFC32FAE82485" box="[151,1387,921,982]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFC32FE3A2485" box="[151,441,921,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Body length</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFC32FDFC2485" box="[595,639,921,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">µm 380</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFC32FC9B2485" box="[741,792,921,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD7CFC32FC9B2485" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">pt 1461</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FC32FC2A2485" box="[893,937,921,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">µm 396</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FB87FC32FBC12485" box="[1039,1090,921,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB96FC32FBC12485" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">pt 1200</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFC32FB502485" box="[1191,1235,921,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">µm 380</th>
<th id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FC32FAE82485" box="[1338,1387,921,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAC0FC32FAEA2485" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">pt 1139</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFC42FAE824AC" box="[151,1387,1001,1023]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFC42FE3A24AC" box="[151,441,1001,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Buccal tube</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFBB9FAE8237B" box="[151,1387,1042,1064]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFBB9FE3A237B" box="[151,441,1042,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF2DFBB9FEEC237B" bold="true" box="[165,367,1042,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Buccal tube length</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFBB9FDFC237B" box="[595,639,1042,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFDDBFBB9FDFC237B" bold="true" box="[595,639,1042,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">26.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFBB9FC9B237B" box="[741,792,1042,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FBB8FC86237B" bold="true" box="[760,773,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FBB9FC2A237B" box="[893,937,1042,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFC0FFBB9FC23237B" bold="true" box="[903,928,1042,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">39</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FBB9FBC1237B" box="[1039,1090,1042,1064]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFBAAFBB8FBAC237B" bold="true" box="[1058,1071,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFBB9FB50237B" box="[1191,1235,1042,1064]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB2FFBB9FB50237B" bold="true" box="[1191,1235,1042,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">33.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FBB9FAE8237B" box="[1338,1387,1042,1064]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAC4FBB8FADA237B" box="[1356,1369,1043,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFB90FAE82302" box="[151,1387,1083,1105]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFB90FE3A2302" box="[151,441,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Buccal tube external width</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFB90FDFC2302" box="[595,639,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFB90FC9B2302" box="[741,792,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD61FB90FC912302" box="[745,786,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">11.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FB90FC2A2302" box="[893,937,1083,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FB90FBC12302" box="[1039,1090,1083,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB90FB97FBB42302" box="[1048,1079,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">7.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFB90FB502302" box="[1191,1235,1083,1105]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">2.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FB90FAE82302" box="[1338,1387,1083,1105]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFACAFB90FAE22302" box="[1346,1377,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">8.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFBCFFAE823F1" box="[151,1387,1124,1186]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFBCFFE3A23F1" box="[151,441,1124,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
Placoid lengths 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF2DFB27FECD23F1" bold="true" box="[165,334,1164,1186]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Macroplacoid 1</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFBCFFDFC23F1" box="[595,639,1124,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFDD1FB27FDFA23F1" bold="true" box="[601,633,1164,1186]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFBCFFC9B23F1" box="[741,792,1124,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD61FB27FC9123F1" box="[745,786,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">11.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FBCFFC2A23F1" box="[893,937,1124,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFC0CFB27FC2023F1" bold="true" box="[900,931,1164,1186]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">4.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FBCFFBC123F1" box="[1039,1090,1124,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFB27FBBD23F1" box="[1042,1086,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">13.6</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFBCFFB5023F1" box="[1191,1235,1124,1186]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB25FB27FB4E23F1" bold="true" box="[1197,1229,1164,1186]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">4.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FBCFFAE823F1" box="[1338,1387,1124,1186]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB5FB27FAE523F1" box="[1341,1382,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">11.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFB1EFAE82398" box="[151,1387,1205,1227]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFB1EFE3A2398" box="[151,441,1205,1227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFF2DFB1EFECD2398" bold="true" box="[165,334,1205,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Macroplacoid 2</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFB1EFDFC2398" box="[595,639,1205,1227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFDD1FB1EFDFA2398" bold="true" box="[601,633,1205,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">2.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFB1EFC9B2398" box="[741,792,1205,1227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD66FB1DFC8E2398" bold="true" box="[750,781,1206,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">7.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FB1EFC2A2398" box="[893,937,1205,1227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFC0CFB1EFC202398" bold="true" box="[900,931,1205,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3.3</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FB1EFBC12398" box="[1039,1090,1205,1227]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFB1EFBBD2399" bold="true" box="[1042,1086,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">10.0</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFB1EFB502398" box="[1191,1235,1205,1227]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB25FB1EFB4E2398" bold="true" box="[1197,1229,1205,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">3.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FB1EFAE82398" box="[1338,1387,1205,1227]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFACAFB1EFAE22399" bold="true" box="[1346,1377,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">9.6</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFB75FAE823A7" box="[151,1387,1246,1268]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFB75FE3A23A7" box="[151,441,1246,1268]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Macroplacoid row</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFB75FDFC23A7" box="[595,639,1246,1268]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFB75FC9B23A7" box="[741,792,1246,1268]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FB74FC8623A7" box="[760,773,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FB75FC2A23A7" box="[893,937,1246,1268]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FB75FBC123A7" box="[1039,1090,1246,1268]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFB75FBBD23A7" box="[1042,1086,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">23.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFB75FB5023A7" box="[1191,1235,1246,1268]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">8.4</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FB75FAE823A7" box="[1338,1387,1246,1268]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FB75FAEB23A7" box="[1340,1384,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">25.1</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFAACFAE8224E" box="[151,1387,1287,1309]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFAACFE3A224E" box="[151,441,1287,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Claw 4 lengths</th>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFA9BFAE8223D" box="[151,1387,1328,1390]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFA9BFE3A223D" box="[151,441,1328,1390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Anterior base Anterior primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFA9BFDFC223D" box="[595,639,1328,1390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">??</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFA9BFC9B223D" box="[741,792,1328,1390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FA9AFC86223D" box="[760,773,1329,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">??</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FA9BFC2A223D" box="[893,937,1328,1390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">7.5 7.3</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FA9BFBC1223D" box="[1039,1090,1328,1390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFA9BFBBD223D" box="[1042,1086,1328,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">19.2 18.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFA9BFB50223D" box="[1191,1235,1328,1390]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">9.2 10.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FA9BFAE8223D" box="[1338,1387,1328,1390]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FA9BFAEB223D" box="[1340,1384,1328,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">27.5 32.4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFA2AFAE822C4" box="[151,1387,1409,1431]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFA2AFE3A22C4" box="[151,441,1409,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Anterior secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFA2AFDFC22C4" box="[595,639,1409,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFA2AFC9B22C4" box="[741,792,1409,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FA29FC8622C4" box="[760,773,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FA2AFC2A22C4" box="[893,937,1409,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">7.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FA2AFBC122C4" box="[1039,1090,1409,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFA2AFBBD22C4" box="[1042,1086,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">17.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFA2AFB5022C4" box="[1191,1235,1409,1431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">8.9</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FA2AFAE822C4" box="[1338,1387,1409,1431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FA2AFAEB22C4" box="[1340,1384,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">26.8</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFA01FAE82293" box="[151,1387,1450,1472]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFA01FE3A2293" box="[151,441,1450,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Posterior base</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFA01FDFC2293" box="[595,639,1450,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFA01FC9B2293" box="[741,792,1450,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FA00FC862293" box="[760,773,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FA01FC2A2293" box="[893,937,1450,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">10.5</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FA01FBC12293" box="[1039,1090,1450,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFA01FBBD2293" box="[1042,1086,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">26.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFA01FB502293" box="[1191,1235,1450,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">11.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FA01FAE82293" box="[1338,1387,1450,1472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FA01FAEB2293" box="[1340,1384,1450,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">35.3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFA78FAE822BA" box="[151,1387,1491,1513]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFA78FE3A22BA" box="[151,441,1491,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Posterior primary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFA78FDFC22BA" box="[595,639,1491,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">16.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFA78FC9B22BA" box="[741,792,1491,1513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD60FA78FC9722BA" box="[744,788,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">61.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FA78FC2A22BA" box="[893,937,1491,1513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">18.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FA78FBC122BA" box="[1039,1090,1491,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFA78FBBD22BA" box="[1042,1086,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">46.2</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFA78FB5022BA" box="[1191,1235,1491,1513]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">19.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FA78FAE822BA" box="[1338,1387,1491,1513]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FA78FAEB22BA" box="[1340,1384,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">56.9</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FFA57FAE82141" box="[151,1387,1532,1554]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FFA57FE3A2141" box="[151,441,1532,1554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Posterior secondary branch</th>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FDDBFA57FDFC2141" box="[595,639,1532,1554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FD6DFA57FC9B2141" box="[741,792,1532,1554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFD70FA57FC862142" box="[760,773,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">?</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FCF5FA57FC2A2141" box="[893,937,1532,1554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">6.0</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB87FA57FBC12141" box="[1039,1090,1532,1554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFB9AFA57FBBD2141" box="[1042,1086,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">15.4</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FB2FFA57FB502141" box="[1191,1235,1532,1554]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">9.8</td>
<td id="2326FF003D510033FAB2FA57FAE82141" box="[1338,1387,1532,1554]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D51FFCBFAB4FA57FAEB2141" box="[1340,1384,1532,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">29.4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60F7967C3D510033FF1FF9DDFAE821C3" box="[151,1387,1654,1680]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="410" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="2326FF003D510033FF1FF9DDFE3A21C3" box="[151,441,1654,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="410">Discussion</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D5EFFC4FF1FFA6DFC9B22A9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839494/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" targetBox="[339,1242,195,1454]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5EFFC4FF1FFA6DFC9B22A9" blockId="8.[151,1436,1478,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FF1FFA6DFEB8228F" bold="true" box="[151,315,1478,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5EFFC4FEC9FA6CFD7A228F" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[321,761,1478,1500]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="411" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FEC9FA6CFDD7228F" box="[321,596,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
from Poland: 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FC04FA6DFC1A228F" bold="true" box="[908,921,1478,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">1</emphasis>
—habitus (ventral view, PCM); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FB68FA6DFB6F228F" bold="true" box="[1248,1260,1478,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">2</emphasis>
—habitus (dorsal view, SEM); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5EFFC4FE95FA4FFEAA22A9" bold="true" box="[285,297,1508,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="411">3</emphasis>
—dorso-caudal cuticle (SEM). Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D5FFFC5FF1FFB1BFBB92250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839496/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" targetBox="[169,1418,229,1179]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5FFFC5FF1FFB1BFBB92250" blockId="9.[151,1436,1200,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FF1FFB1BFEB82395" bold="true" box="[151,315,1200,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">FIGURES 4–7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FECBFB1AFD7E2395" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[323,765,1200,1222]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FECBFB1AFDDB2395" box="[323,600,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
from Poland: 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FC1BFB1BFC512395" bold="true" box="[915,978,1200,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">4–5—</emphasis>
oral cavity armature with two bands of teeth (asterisk indicates the ventral side, arrowhead indicates the second band of teeth, arrow indicates the third band of teeth;); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FAFEFB64FA0023B6" bold="true" box="[1398,1411,1231,1253]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">6</emphasis>
— buccal apparatus (dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FD13FB46FD2B2250" bold="true" box="[667,680,1261,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">7</emphasis>
—stylet furca (SEM). Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5FFFC5FF4FFA80FE5E21C2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FF4FFA80FDDC2217" bold="true" box="[199,607,1323,1348]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FF4FFA80FE0A2217" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[199,393,1323,1348]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">R. subanomalus</taxonomicName>
vs. 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FE37FA80FDD92217" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[447,602,1323,1348]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">R. anomalus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The spine-shaped egg processes and qualitative as well as quantitative characters of the adults, indicate 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FDC9FAE6FCFE2237" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[577,893,1356,1380]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FDC9FAE6FCFE2237" box="[577,893,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FB0FFAE6FEF222D5" ID-CoL="4RBZP" authority="(Ramazzotti, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FB0FFAE6FA1F2237" box="[1159,1436,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Ramazzottius anomalus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5FFFC5FF16FAC6FEEA22D5" author="Ramazzotti" box="[158,361,1389,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" refString="Ramazzotti, G. (1962) Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie e di una varieta. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 101, 275 - 287." type="journal article" year="1962">Ramazzotti, 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FE0BFAC6FD8B22D5" box="[387,520,1389,1414]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) from the type series: 36 — buccal apparatus (paratype, lateral projection, PCM); 37 — egg surface (PCM); 38 — egg process (PCM); arrows indicate the septa within the egg process, the indented arrowhead indicates the granulation on the egg surface. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839508/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Figs 36–38</figureCitation>
). The two species are very similar with the only recorded qualitative difference between them being the presence (
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FDAEFA3BFD3722F4" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[550,692,1423,1447]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FDAEFA3BFD3722F4" box="[550,692,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FD4DFA24FC9922F4" box="[709,794,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) from the type series: 36 — buccal apparatus (paratype, lateral projection, PCM); 37 — egg surface (PCM); 38 — egg process (PCM); arrows indicate the septa within the egg process, the indented arrowhead indicates the granulation on the egg surface. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839508/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
, indented arrowhead) or absence (
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FB2DFA3BFAD822F4" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1189,1371,1423,1447]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FB2DFA3BFAD822F4" box="[1189,1371,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FAE4FA24FF5F229A" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FE9DFA1AFEB1229A" box="[277,306,1457,1481]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1834]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from the type series: 30 — the anterior part of the body (holotype, ventral view, PCM); 31 — buccal apparatus (holotype, dorso-ventral projection, PCM); 32 — claws II (holotype, PCM); 33 — claws IV (holotype, PCM); 34 — egg surface (PCM); 35 — egg circumference (PCM); arrowheads indicate the lunules under claws. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839506/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">34</figureCitation>
) of a fine granulation on the eggshell surface. It also appears that the egg processes of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FA87FA1AFA1F229B" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1295,1436,1456,1480]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FA87FA1AFA1F229B" box="[1295,1436,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a more evident septa between their basal and distal parts (
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FCD3FA7AFC5D22B9" box="[859,990,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 38" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1285]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 38. Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) from the type series: 36 — buccal apparatus (paratype, lateral projection, PCM); 37 — egg surface (PCM); 38 — egg process (PCM); arrows indicate the septa within the egg process, the indented arrowhead indicates the granulation on the egg surface. Scale bars in µm. Photos courtesy of Roberto Bertolani and Matteo Vecchi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839508/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
). In addition, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5FFFC5FBF2FA7AFAA122B9" author="Biserov" box="[1146,1314,1489,1514]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov (1985)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that the egg processes are on average 6.7 µm taller in 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FCC0FA5FFC5F2158" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[840,988,1523,1547]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FCC0FA5FFC5F2158" box="[840,988,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FBA2FA5FFB662158" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1066,1253,1523,1547]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FBA2FA5FFB662158" box="[1066,1253,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, our observations (see 
<figureCitation id="46FC88BB3D5FFFC5FED7F9BFFE5F217E" box="[351,476,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[174,1410,411,1911]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 29. Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) from Poland: variability in the number, size and shape of egg processes. Fourteen eggs are presented, in all cases first the circumference (a) and the surface (b) under same magnification are in focus, then a close-up of the surface is shown (c). All PCM. Scale bars in µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Figs 16–29</figureCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D5FFFC5FD9AF9BFFDE6217E" box="[530,613,1556,1581]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Measurements [in µm] of selected morphological structures of eggs of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). The sample size is a sum of 15 eggs measured in this study and further 107 eggs measured in Stec et al. (2016 a), all mounted in Hoyer’s medium (N—number of eggs / structures measured, RANGE refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD—standard deviation)." pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Table 5</tableCitation>
) now question whether the number, size and shape of egg processes are a reliable taxonomically trait in differentiating the two species: i.e. process height in the Polish population of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FA0CF99DFEA8213C" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FA0CF99DFEA8213C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranged from 1.5 to 12.5 µm, and thus largely overlap the values reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5FFFC5FB0DF9FCFAD52123" author="Ramazzotti" box="[1157,1366,1623,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" refString="Ramazzotti, G. (1962) Tardigradi del Cile, con descrizione di quattro nuove specie e di una varieta. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 101, 275 - 287." type="journal article" year="1962">Ramazzotti (1962)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FA0CF9F3FE8721C3" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FA0CF9F3FE8721C3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e. 5.0–12.0 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5FFFC5FF4FF931FA86208D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1323,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">
In the absence of eggs, differentiating between individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FC35F931FBD221E1" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[957,1105,1690,1714]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FC35F931FBD221E1" box="[957,1105,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FB1EF931FAD221E1" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1174,1361,1690,1714]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FB1EF931FAD221E1" box="[1174,1361,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relies exclusively on three morphometric differences: 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FD5FF917FCE82180" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[727,875,1723,1747]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FD5FF917FCE82180" box="[727,875,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a shorter buccal tube and placoids (both macroplacoids in absolute values, but only the first macroplacoid in 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FC4CF976FC5A21A7" box="[964,985,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">pt</emphasis>
values). The remaining morphometric characters are very similar in the two species (see 
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D5FFFC5FD53F956FCB32045" box="[731,816,1789,1814]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,239,670,693]" captionText="TABLE 6. Given that the original description of Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) contains only several measurements of a single specimen (holotype), below we compare specimens of similar body lengths of R. anomalus and Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). Characters and values in bold indicate differences between the specimens that fall in ranges of inter-specific variability. Primary branch lengths for the holotype of R. subanomalus were calculated by subtracting length of the claw base from the entire claw length." pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Table 6</tableCitation>
for a full comparison). However, as 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FB51F955FAEB2046" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1241,1384,1789,1813]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FB51F955FAEB2046" box="[1241,1384,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described over half a century ago and tardigrade taxonomy has moved forward, the original description lacks many key measurements (
<tableCitation id="9345A1853D5FFFC5FEF7F8EBFE58200A" box="[383,475,1856,1881]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,239,670,693]" captionText="TABLE 6. Given that the original description of Ramazzottius anomalus (Ramazzotti, 1962) contains only several measurements of a single specimen (holotype), below we compare specimens of similar body lengths of R. anomalus and Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985). Characters and values in bold indicate differences between the specimens that fall in ranges of inter-specific variability. Primary branch lengths for the holotype of R. subanomalus were calculated by subtracting length of the claw base from the entire claw length." pageId="9" pageNumber="412">Table 6</tableCitation>
), so there could be more morphometric differences between 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FB3AF8EAFAC0200B" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1202,1347,1856,1880]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FB3AF8EAFAC0200B" box="[1202,1347,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FA0CF8EAFEA82029" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FA0CF8EAFEA82029" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which we are currently unaware of. In other words, a modern integrative re-description of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FA0CF8C9FE8720C8" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="Ramazzotti" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FA0CF8C9FE8720C8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very desirable in order to confidently differentiate the species from other congeners with similar adult and egg morphology. Also, as this is only the second report for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FCD1F80EFB8F20EF" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[857,1036,1956,1980]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FCD1F80EFB8F20EF" box="[857,1036,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, data from other populations of this species are required for the better estimation of the extent of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5FFFC5FCC9F86DFC77208E" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[833,1012,1989,2013]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="9" pageNumber="412" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5FFFC5FCC9F86DFC77208E" box="[833,1012,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="412">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
intraspecific variability.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D5CFFC6FF1FFB05FDD12252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839498/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[515,1064,181,1166]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5CFFC6FF1FFB05FDD12252" blockId="10.[151,1436,1198,1281]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FF1FFB05FECF2397" bold="true" box="[151,332,1198,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">FIGURES 8–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5CFFC6FEDFFB04FC9F2397" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[343,796,1198,1220]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FEDFFB04FDEC2397" box="[343,623,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
from Poland: apophyses for the insertion of stylet muscles (AISM): 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FF70FB67FE8623B1" bold="true" box="[248,261,1228,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">8</emphasis>
—dorsal AISM; 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FE3FFB67FE4723B1" bold="true" box="[439,452,1228,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">9</emphasis>
—lateral view with both dorsal (arrowhead) and ventral (arrow) AISM profiles visible; 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FAE1FB67FA0123B1" bold="true" box="[1385,1410,1228,1250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">10</emphasis>
— ventral AISM; (all SEM). Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D5CFFC6FF1FF8D5FE6D20A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839500/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[187,1370,1331,1898]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5CFFC6FF1FF8D5FE6D20A3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1918,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FF1FF8D5FEDA20C7" bold="true" box="[151,345,1918,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">FIGURES 11–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5CFFC6FEEEF82BFCB120C7" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[358,818,1918,1941]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="10" pageNumber="413" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FEEEF82BFD0320C7" box="[358,640,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
from Poland: buccal apparatuses and details of placoid morphology: 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FEACF836FEB920E0" bold="true" box="[292,314,1949,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">11</emphasis>
—dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FE68F836FE7A20E0" bold="true" box="[480,505,1949,1971]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">12</emphasis>
—ventral view; (all SEM). Two apparatuses are presented, in both cases first the entire apparatus (
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FE8FF817FE972081" bold="true" box="[263,276,1980,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">a</emphasis>
) and then the placoids at two angles are shown (
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5CFFC6FC8FF817FCAE2081" bold="true" box="[775,813,1980,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="413">b–c</emphasis>
). Note the variability of the size and shape of placoids in the four specimens. Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8AB8C4B63D5DFFC7FF1FFDEEFDFC2529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/839502/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" targetBox="[151,1436,193,560]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5DFFC7FF1FFDEEFDFC2529" blockId="11.[151,1436,581,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF1FFDEEFEDA2508" bold="true" box="[151,345,581,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">FIGURES 13–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FEECFDEDFCAA2508" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(Biserov, 1985)" authorityName="Biserov" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[356,809,581,603]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FEECFDEDFDFF2508" box="[356,636,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius subanomalus</emphasis>
(Biserov, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
from Poland: claws: 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB9EFDEEFBAC2508" bold="true" box="[1046,1071,581,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">13</emphasis>
—claws III (PCM); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FA83FDEEFAA72508" bold="true" box="[1291,1316,581,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">14</emphasis>
—claws III (SEM); 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF61FDCFFE812529" bold="true" box="[233,258,612,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">15</emphasis>
—claws IV (SEM). Scale bars in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5DFFC7FF4FFD0DFA1F2350" blockId="11.[151,1436,678,1603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF4FFD0DFDA825EC" bold="true" box="[199,555,678,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FF4FFD0DFEE225ED" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[199,353,678,702]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF4FFD0DFEE225ED" bold="true" box="[199,353,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
DNA sequences.
</emphasis>
The COI sequence for the Polish population of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FBD9FD0CFA8625ED" ID-CoL="4RC25" baseAuthorityName="Biserov" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1105,1285,678,702]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBD9FD0CFA8625ED" box="[1105,1285,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proved to be distinct from all the 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FEF1FD60FD8D25B1" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[377,526,715,738]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FEF1FD60FD8D25B1" box="[377,526,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
COI sequences that were available from GenBank and suitable for analysis, with p-distances ranging from 19.0 to 20.0% (
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FDD6FD45FD5A2454" box="[606,729,750,775]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU251379" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">EU251379</accessionNumber>
and 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FC86FD45FC092454" box="[782,906,750,775]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU251381" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">EU251381</accessionNumber>
, respectively). This figure is well above the 3% threshold proposed for species delineation (
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FDF4FCB9FCCF2478" author="Cesari" box="[636,844,786,811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Rebecchi, L. &amp; Guidetti, R. (2009) DNA barcoding in Tardigrada: the first case study on Macrobiotus macrocalix Bertolani &amp; Rebecchi 1993 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 9, 699 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2009.02538. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Cesari 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FD44FCB8FC872478" box="[716,772,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
, but see also 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FC56FCB9FB722478" author="Michalczyk" box="[990,1265,786,811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Michalczyk, L., Welnicz, W., Frohme, M. &amp; Kaczmarek, L. (2012 a) Redescriptions of three Milnesium Doyere, 1840 taxa (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae), including the nominal species for the genus. Zootaxa, 3154, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
Michalczyk 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBE1FCB8FB222478" box="[1129,1185,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
2012a
</bibRefCitation>
). Similarly, our 28S rRNA sequence, with the p-distance of 3.1%, was distinct from the single available and suitable 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FA8EFC9CFA18241D" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[1286,1435,823,846]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FA8EFC9CFA18241D" box="[1286,1435,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequence (
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FE99FCF1FE052420" box="[273,390,858,883]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ435768" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">FJ435768</accessionNumber>
). Regarding the 18S rRNA, the p-distances ranged from 0.4% to 1.1% (
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FB54FCF1FACD2420" box="[1244,1358,858,883]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ435727" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">FJ435727</accessionNumber>
–8 and 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FF1FFCD5FE9524C4" box="[151,278,894,919]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ604950" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">HQ604950</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="C19409DD3D5DFFC7FEACFCD5FE2224C4" box="[292,417,894,919]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY582122" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">AY582122</accessionNumber>
, respectively). The scarcity of available molecular data for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FBD9FCD4FB6524C5" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[1105,1254,895,918]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBD9FCD4FB6524C5" box="[1105,1254,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. underlines the need for more integrated taxonomy and ecological studies to provide DNA sequences from a variety of populations for any given tardigrade species. Without such large-scale systematic studies, threshold values or barcode gaps for species delineation in tardigrades cannot be confidently estimated or used for species delineation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE78943E3D5DFFC7FF4FFBA5FD4E2110" blockId="11.[151,1436,678,1603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
<materialsCitation id="6EAF9E633D5DFFC7FF4FFBA5FD4E2110" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1585880196" country="Poland" location="Cerro El Roble in Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF4FFBA5FE6A2374" bold="true" box="[199,489,1038,1063]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FF4FFBA5FEE22375" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[199,353,1038,1062]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF4FFBA5FEE22375" bold="true" box="[199,353,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="A6D0D4AE3D5DFFC7FE06FBA5FE672374" box="[398,484,1038,1063]" name="Poland" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Poland</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Hitherto there have been four species of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FC51FBA4FBED2375" ID-CoL="76WW" authorityName="Binda &amp; Pilato" authorityYear="1986" box="[985,1134,1039,1062]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FC51FBA4FBED2375" box="[985,1134,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Ramazzottius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported from 
<collectingCountry id="A6D0D4AE3D5DFFC7FAABFBA5FAF62374" box="[1315,1397,1038,1063]" name="Poland" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Poland</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FA0CFBA4FE652318" ID-CoL="4RBZP" authority="(in Dastych 1988)" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FA0CFBA4FE872318" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FEB3FB99FE5D2318" author="Dastych" box="[315,478,1074,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FE7FFB98FC032318" ID-CoL="4RBZX" authority="(in Dastych 1980)" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[503,896,1074,1099]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="montivagus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FE7FFB98FD1F2319" box="[503,668,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. montivagus</emphasis>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD5CFB99FCFB2318" author="Dastych" box="[724,888,1074,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1980) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Tatrzanskiego Parku Narodowego. Monografie Fauny Polski. Vol. 9. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow, 232 pp." type="book" year="1980">Dastych 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FC18FB98FBC42318" ID-CoL="4RBZZ" baseAuthorityName="Doyere" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[912,1095,1075,1099]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="oberhaeuseri">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FC18FB98FBC42318" box="[912,1095,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. oberhaeuseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FBF7FB99FA1B2318" author="Kranz-Lesniewska" box="[1151,1432,1074,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Kranz-Lesniewska, H. (1933) Niesporczaki na ziemiach polskich. Sprawozdania Poznanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciol Nauk, 3, 88 - 89. [Poznan]" type="journal article" year="1933">Kranz-Leśniewska 1933</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FF1FFBFCFEB3233C" author="Marcus" box="[151,304,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Marcus, E. (1936) Tardigrada. Das Tierreich, 66, 1 - 340." type="journal article" year="1936">Marcus 1936</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FEB5FBFDFD84233C" author="Weglarska" box="[317,519,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Weglarska, B. (1959 a) Die Tardigraden (Tardigrada) Polens. I. Tardigraden der Woiwodschaft Krakow. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 4, 699 - 745." type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="a">Węglarska 1959a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD84FBFDFD98233C" author="Weglarska" box="[524,539,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Weglarska, B. (1959 b) Tardigraden Polens II. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske spolecnosti zoologicke, 23, 354 - 357." type="journal article" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FDA1FBFDFD3E233C" author="Heciak" box="[553,701,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Heciak, S. (1976) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Gor Swietokryskich. Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polska Zachodnia, Seria B, Biologia, 29, 111 - 128." type="journal article" year="1976">Hęciak 1976</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD43FBFDFB8C233C" author="Weglarska" box="[715,1039,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Weglarska, B. &amp; Korecka, T. (1983) Tardigrada from Dobczyce area (Poland). Zeszyty naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, 29, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1983">Węglarska &amp; Korecka 1983</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FB95FBFDFB3D233C" author="Dastych" box="[1053,1214,1110,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1970) Materialy do znajomosci niesporczakow (Tardigrada) Tatrzanskiego Parku Narodowego. Fragmenta Faunistica, 16, 77 - 87. [Warszawa]" type="journal article" year="1970">Dastych 1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FB44FBFCFA85233C" author="Dastych" box="[1228,1286,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1972) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Wolinskiego Parku Narodowego. Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polska Zachodnia, Seria B, Biologia, 25, 37 - 45." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FA9DFBFCFAD3233C" author="Dastych" box="[1301,1360,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1979) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Ojcowskiego Parku Narodowego. Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polska Zachodnia, Seria B, Biologia, 32, 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FAD5FBFCFA1B233C" author="Dastych" box="[1373,1432,1111,1135]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1980) Niesporczaki (Tardigrada) Tatrzanskiego Parku Narodowego. Monografie Fauny Polski. Vol. 9. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow, 232 pp." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FF1FFBD0FF5123C0" author="Dastych" box="[151,210,1147,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
, Kaczmarek &amp; Michalczyk 2003ab, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FDE6FBD1FCB023C0" author="Zawierucha" box="[622,819,1146,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Zawierucha, K. (2011) Water bears (Tardigrada) of Okup Maly (Grabia Valley, Central Poland). Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria C, Zoologia, 47 - 52." type="book chapter" year="2011">Zawierucha 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FCC8FBD1FBC423C0" author="Zawierucha" box="[832,1095,1146,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Zawierucha, K., Kolicka, M. &amp; Cytan, J. (2012) Contribution to the knowledge on the distribution of Echiniscus granulatus (Doyere, 1840) (Heterotardigrada) in Poland. Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria C, Zoologia, 39 - 43." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Zawierucha 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FC43FBD0FB8723C0" box="[971,1028,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FB03FBD0FEA423E4" ID-CoL="4RC25" authority="(in Stec et al. 2016 a)" authorityName="in Stec et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB03FBD0FABD23C0" box="[1163,1342,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
(in Stec et al. 2016a)
</taxonomicName>
. However, for the following reasons, we think that the Polish record of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FBDDFB34FB6123E5" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1109,1250,1182,1206]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBDDFB34FB6123E5" box="[1109,1250,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is invalid. First, the 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FF4AFB68FED22388" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[194,337,1219,1243]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF4AFB68FED22388" box="[194,337,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
report by 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FE44FB69FDF82388" author="Dastych" box="[460,635,1218,1243]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych (1988)</bibRefCitation>
was for Jakubowo, which is only 
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB82FB68FBAF2389" box="[1034,1068,1219,1242]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">ca.</emphasis>
<quantity id="193F39DB3D5DFFC7FBBCFB69FBFD2388" box="[1076,1150,1218,1243]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
from Poznań (where the population of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FEB1FB4CFE6D23AD" ID-CoL="4RC25" box="[313,494,1254,1278]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FEB1FB4CFE6D23AD" box="[313,494,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported in this paper was found), whereas the 
<typeStatus id="017C2A9C3D5DFFC7FB9FFB4CFBC423AC" box="[1047,1095,1255,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">type</typeStatus>
locality for 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FB51FB4CFAE423AD" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1241,1383,1254,1278]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB51FB4CFAE423AD" box="[1241,1383,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was 
<location id="DB18C2E53D5DFFC7FF1FFAA0FE212270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:566E25283D52FFC7FF1FFD2BFD4E2110:DB18C2E53D5DFFC7FF1FFAA0FE212270" box="[151,418,1290,1315]" country="Poland" name="Cerro El Roble in Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Cerro El Roble in Chile</location>
, over 
<quantity id="193F39DB3D5DFFC7FE6CFAA1FDD82270" box="[484,603,1290,1315]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="12500.0">12,500 km</quantity>
away. Second, the measurements provided for the Polish 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FB55FAA0FAEA2270" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1245,1385,1291,1315]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB55FAA0FAEA2270" box="[1245,1385,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FF1FFA85FEB02214" author="Dastych" box="[151,307,1326,1351]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych 1988</bibRefCitation>
) are similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FDB5FA84FD732215" ID-CoL="4RC25" box="[573,752,1326,1350]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FDB5FA84FD732215" box="[573,752,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Third, the eggs of the Polish 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FBCAFA84FB4D2215" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1090,1230,1326,1350]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBCAFA84FB4D2215" box="[1090,1230,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described as having a smooth chorion between processes (see 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD4EFAF9FCE62238" author="Dastych" box="[710,869,1362,1387]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych 1988</bibRefCitation>
), and are granulated in 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FBF9FAF8FB7D2238" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1137,1278,1363,1387]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FBF9FAF8FB7D2238" box="[1137,1278,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Fig. 39). Finally, at the time of publishing his monograph, 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD52FADDFC0822DC" author="Dastych" box="[730,907,1398,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych (1988)</bibRefCitation>
was probably unaware of the 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FB78FADDFA1F22DC" author="Biserov" box="[1264,1436,1398,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Biserov, V. I. (1985) Hypsibius subanomalus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from the Astrakhan District. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 131 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1985">Biserov (1985)</bibRefCitation>
publication in a Russian journal (not cited in 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FD18FA31FCAC22E0" author="Dastych" box="[656,815,1434,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, it seems reasonable to conclude that the species 
<bibRefCitation id="BA56E9CF3D5DFFC7FF1FFA15FECA2284" author="Dastych" box="[151,329,1470,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refString="Dastych, H. (1988) The Tardigrada of Poland. Monografie Fauny Polsk. Vol. 16. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Krakow-Warszawa, 255 pp." type="book" year="1988">Dastych (1988)</bibRefCitation>
recorded from Jakubowo in 1978 was actually 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FC0DFA14FBBD2285" ID-CoL="4RC25" box="[901,1086,1470,1494]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FC0DFA14FBBD2285" box="[901,1086,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FB5BFA14FAE72285" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1235,1380,1470,1494]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FB5BFA14FAE72285" box="[1235,1380,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We therefore think that 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FEFAFA48FE7D22A8" ID-CoL="4RBZP" baseAuthorityName="in Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[370,510,1507,1531]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FEFAFA48FE7D22A8" box="[370,510,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be deleted from the list of Polish tardigrade species, and be substituted with 
<taxonomicName id="19C7EFBD3D5DFFC7FF1FF9ACFECF214D" ID-CoL="4RC25" box="[151,332,1542,1566]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Ramazzottius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="subanomalus">
<emphasis id="ECB3482C3D5DFFC7FF1FF9ACFECF214D" box="[151,332,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">R. subanomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this being an exchange rather than an addition to the record, the overall total number (103) of species recorded for 
<collectingCountry id="A6D0D4AE3D5DFFC7FE69F981FDAC2110" box="[481,559,1578,1603]" name="Poland" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">Poland</collectingCountry>
is unaffected.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>