treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF8C6A33FA8393FB1437B6BA.xml

<document id="5DB4B60012B711F27E99F5AA641EC81D" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF8C6A33FA8393FB1437B6BA" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lasiurus pfeifferi" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="877" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="877" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="04BE497112F11407955189619227190A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="85941298AC385C3CA855B6D8B4D2F745">
<mods:title id="FE0B170726ABDA93E6CEDCEFCBE1377F">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E6610673617B6A5901C8DA1998CECD0B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1740715741527549AD6583E93D90135F">
<mods:roleTerm id="B90437AC0C2D90F2EADACD6C25472760">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A364AC071A24F4CCA388534A54777A7D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A8FE66A2F0E9588815C737CC90AB4ED0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8674EB1E15FF6382542B943829AAB8C4">
<mods:roleTerm id="B1071300A1E7575DA06A482A90A217E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0CE9A642E4CA0940BB139AD453DEB608">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A7B6AA713B5B8E2859D0F55687FC60A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EFC2B82D88FF384ED5E4F88521AF5E64" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="85311610AA6EA4A3CD0A53E64583170A">
<mods:dateIssued id="AE116F4D9A5DA0C0DEFF0EB11D3A222D">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="AAD7BB84EFE6A2EFEA4A670A54A735AB" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="A50B54A5D4BC671A2B1706ECFA279A77">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="B5F746DA8F6604C367381151211C6371">
<mods:placeTerm id="8FA39DD844047B57E292759D4F0F9F3A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="A686D2089C5E437C2F9B0A6A6E512357">
<mods:title id="569C7F6B9E49ED360FAA2C17BB4B5BF8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="62DA3F2D159433F37F37FED7E3D0C144">
<mods:extent id="5A2CD43E9D0D3AE3BA55FF1D5A233005" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E16FDA7E8058D5317DFA3E8EAF8368FD">716</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9E1DCF3366A1D6F40AEE86EBA467675F">981</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="81A198EEF45D6CF777669F957ED61420">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8170AC0E58B062B2ACA71DA02163191A" type="CLB-Dataset">56755</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5C7B8883092C0F0E0641798F4FC93C41" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EA889487C4E959C3E8B5A12F883EB85E" type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="968247655649EC7DCD8EDF3CDAD97E0F" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="10D92E9170D12C19334FBDB032BD24FE" type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF8C6A33FA8393FB1437B6BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6883972" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6883972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF8C6A33FA8393FB1437B6BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF8C6A33FA8393FB1437B6BA" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA8393FB1BD1BEE6" box="[1407,1489,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA8393FB1BD1BEE6" blockId="119.[1405,2417,1442,1531]" box="[1407,1489,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<heading id="9F638192FF8C6A33FA8393FB1BD1BEE6" box="[1407,1489,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF8C6A33FA8393FB1BD1BEE6" box="[1407,1489,1442,1492]" captionStart="Plate 65: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="117.[124,154,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[11,2761,18,3657]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="249. Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum), 250. Big Red Bat (Lasiurus egregius), 251. Southern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus villosissimus), 252. Northern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus), 253. Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus semotus), 254. Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), 255. Pleiffer's Red Bat (Lasiurus pfeifferi), 256. Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus), 257. Greater Red Bat (Lasiurus atratus), 258. Southern Red Bat (Lasiurus blossevilii), 259. Desert Red Bat (Lasiurus frantzii), 260. Cinnamon Red Bat (Lasiurus varius), 261. Minor Red Bat (Lasiurus minor), 262. Tacarcunan Bat (Lasiurus castaneus), 263. Hairy-tailed Bat (Lasiurus ebenus), 264. Jamaican Red Bat (Lasiurus degelidus), 265. Western Yellow Bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), 266. Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius), 267. Cuban Yellow Bat (Lasiurus insularis), 268. Southern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398536/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">255.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA1E93FB194BBEE6" box="[1506,1867,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA1E93FB194BBEE6" blockId="119.[1405,2417,1442,1531]" box="[1506,1867,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<heading id="9F638192FF8C6A33FA1E93FB194BBEE6" box="[1506,1867,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8C6A33FA1E93FB194BBEE6" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1506,1867,1442,1492]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Pleiffer's Red Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33F88193FB16C0BEE6" box="[1917,2240,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33F88193FB16C0BEE6" blockId="119.[1405,2417,1442,1531]" box="[1917,2240,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<heading id="9F638192FF8C6A33F88193FB16C0BEE6" box="[1917,2240,1442,1492]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F88193FB16C0BEE6" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1917,2240,1442,1492]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33F88193FB16C0BEE6" box="[1917,2240,1442,1492]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Lasiurus pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA8293BF1771BEC9" box="[1406,2417,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA8293BF1771BEC9" blockId="119.[1405,2417,1442,1531]" box="[1406,2417,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<heading id="9F638192FF8C6A33FA8293BF1771BEC9" box="[1406,2417,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA8293BF1BCABEC9" bold="true" box="[1406,1482,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8C6A33FA2F93BF1889BEC9" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1491,1673,1510,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Lasiure de Pfeiffer</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33F96193BF18F8BEC9" bold="true" box="[1693,1784,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8C6A33F8FD93BF1642BEC9" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1793,2114,1510,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8C6A33F8FD93BF1947BEC9" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1793,1863,1510,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Pfeiffe</vernacularName>
~Haarschwanzfledermaus
</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33F7AA93BF16B1BEC9" bold="true" box="[2134,2225,1510,1531]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8C6A33F74793BF1771BEC9" ID-CoL="3SGVW" authority="(Gundlach, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[2235,2417,1510,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Lasiuro de Pfeiffer</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33F81E907E1693BD42" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33F81E907E1693BD42" blockId="119.[2018,2612,1575,2003]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33F81E907E167DBD7A" bold="true" box="[2018,2173,1575,1608]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F771907E1407BD7A" ID-CoL="J7ZF" authority="Gundlach" authorityName="Gundlach" authorityYear="1861" box="[2189,2567,1575,1608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Atalapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Atalapha pfeifferi Gundlach</taxonomicName>
in 
<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF8C6A33F81E900A168EBD42" box="[2018,2190,1619,1648]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Peters, 1861</treatmentCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33F761900A1779BD42" box="[2205,2425,1619,1648]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33F761900A1779BD42" blockId="119.[2018,2612,1575,2003]" box="[2205,2425,1619,1648]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF8C6A33F761900A1774BD42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319567" box="[2205,2420,1619,1648]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8C6A33F761900A1718BD42" box="[2205,2328,1619,1648]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8C6A33F6D5900A1774BD42" box="[2345,2420,1619,1648]" name="Cuba" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Cuba</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33F81F902F175EBCE1" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33F81F902F175EBCE1" blockId="119.[2018,2612,1575,2003]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8C6A33F81F902F1612BDA5" box="[2019,2066,1654,1687]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">See</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F7DC902F16ADBDA5" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[2080,2221,1654,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="egregius">L. egregius</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F73C902F179DBDA5" box="[2240,2461,1654,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Lasiurus pfeifferi</taxonomicName>
was previously considered a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F64D90C71434BD8D" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[2481,2612,1694,1727]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">L. borealis</taxonomicName>
based on morphology, and restriction-enzyme analysis of mtDNA tentatively considered it a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F6E3914D17C1BC07" baseAuthorityName="Rhoads" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[2335,2497,1812,1845]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seminolus">L. seminolus</taxonomicName>
. Recent molecular studies based on mtDNA and nDNA maintained 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F70B913A177EBCB6" box="[2295,2430,1891,1924]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">L. pfeifferi</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8C6A33F7A491D31733BC99" box="[2136,2355,1930,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">Lasiurus pfeifferi</taxonomicName>
is included in the Red Bat group. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA8391BA1937BCCE" box="[1407,1847,2019,2044]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF8C6A33FA8391BA1937BCCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398352" box="[1407,1847,2019,2044]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398352/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" targetBox="[1403,1994,1584,1999]" targetPageId="119">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA8391BA1937BCCE" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" box="[1407,1847,2019,2044]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA8391BA182FBCCE" bold="true" box="[1407,1583,2019,2044]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8C6A33F91B91BA1932BCCE" box="[1767,1842,2019,2044]" name="Cuba" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Cuba</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA839E531408B140" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA839E531408B140" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA839E531879B311" bold="true" box="[1407,1657,2058,2083]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F8C59E5319D2B311" box="[1849,2002,2058,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="54.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="54.0">54-55 mm</quantity>
, tail 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F7DD9E5316BAB311" box="[2081,2234,2058,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="48.0">48-49 mm</quantity>
, ear 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F6F19E5317A4B311" box="[2317,2468,2058,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10-11 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33FA7D9E701BF5B378" box="[1409,1525,2089,2122]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
, forearm 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F97A9E70191DB378" box="[1670,1821,2089,2122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40-50 mm</quantity>
; weight 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F8679E70160AB378" box="[1947,2058,2089,2122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="g" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12-18 g</quantity>
. Wingspans are 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F7049E7017B0B378" box="[2296,2480,2089,2122]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="345.0" valueMax="360.0" valueMin="330.0">330-360 mm</quantity>
. Females are larger than males. Dorsal and ventral fur is slightly frosted and reddish. Shoulders have whitish patch. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with blackish bases, pale middles, and reddish tips. Ventral hairs have blackish bases and reddish tips. Ears are wide and short, not surpassing anterior part of muzzle when folded forward; tragus reaches one-half the ear length. Eyes are small. Wing membranes are dark and reticulated; uropatagium is densely furred, with reddish long hairs. Tail is longer than legs, reaching edge of uropatagium or extending 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F9529F64191CB26C" box="[1710,1820,2365,2398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
more. Calcar reaches one-half the free edge of uropatagium; claws are black. Skull is small, delicate, and short. Rostrum is wide and short, with marked slope on forehead, and much smaller than braincase. Braincase is rounded and high; sagittal crest is evident. Upperincisors are short, pointed, convergent, and in contact with cingulum of C'. P? is extremely reduced and displaced to lingual side between C' and P*. M' and M? are similar in shape and size; M” is reduced. Dental formulais 11/3, C1/1,P2/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 48, with medium-sized submetacentric X-chromosome and small acrocentric Y-chromosome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7D9C201420B1A8" box="[1409,2592,2681,2714]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7D9C201420B1A8" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" box="[1409,2592,2681,2714]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7D9C201BF0B1A8" bold="true" box="[1409,1520,2681,2714]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Habitat.</emphasis>
Mountainous woodlands and woodland patches at elevations of 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33F67D9C20141CB1A8" box="[2433,2588,2681,2714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="m" value="525.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="50.0">50-1000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7D9CF919E6B023" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7D9CF919E6B023" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7D9CF9188CB1F3" bold="true" box="[1409,1676,2720,2753]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Pfeiffer’s Red Bat hunts insects in flight. Feces of one individual contained only beetles, and stomach contents of ten individuals mostly contained fruits (mangoes) and insects, mainly moths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7D9D4E142FB06D" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7D9D4E142FB06D" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7D9D4E1808B00A" bold="true" box="[1409,1544,2839,2872]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Breeding.</emphasis>
A pregnant Pfeiffer’s Red Bat with three developed embryos was caught in March. Earliest parturition date recorded is 22 May, and young were captured in July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7C9D3F17C0B77E" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7C9D3F17C0B77E" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7C9D3F186CB0B5" bold="true" box="[1408,1644,2918,2951]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Pfeiffer’s Red Bats are crepuscular. Individuals were observed flying nine minutes after sunset; one individual was captured at 03:00 h. Roosting sites are mainly in foliage of large trees, but a few individuals have been observed roosting in caves. Three individuals were observed roosting among foliage on the top of a tree c. 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8C6A33FA6B9A5A1BDFB716" box="[1431,1503,3075,3108]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
aboveground. Echolocation calls are of medium duration (c.7-1 milliseconds), with narrowband and single harmonic, and sweep from ¢.56 kHz to ¢.26 kHz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7E9A0B16F2B7A9" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7E9A0B16F2B7A9" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7E9A0B1655B741" bold="true" box="[1410,2133,3154,3187]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Pfeiffer’s Red Bat is solitary, but three individuals were seen roosting together in two occasions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA7F9AF818EEB60B" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA7F9AF818EEB60B" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA7F9AF818DDB7F0" bold="true" box="[1411,1757,3233,3266]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List. Pfeiffer’s Red Batis widespread but rare. It is found in protected areas throughout its distribution. Major threats are human density on the island, habitat conversion, and severe weather (e.g. hurricanes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8C6A33FA789B1E1437B6BA" pageId="119" pageNumber="877" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8C6A33FA789B1E1437B6BA" blockId="119.[1407,2616,2019,3464]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8C6A33FA789B1E181DB652" bold="true" box="[1412,1565,3399,3424]" pageId="119" pageNumber="877">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Collen (2012), Baird et al. (2015), Garcia &amp; Mancina (2011), Koopman et al. (1957), Miller (1931), Morales &amp; Bickham (1995), Novaes, Garbino et al. (2018), Silva-Taboada (1979), Simmons (2005), Solari (20189).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>