203 lines
22 KiB
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203 lines
22 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0A387CFFF2AAD131873FA8B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura stenocephala Heim de Balsac 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="536" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A387CFFF2AAD131873FA8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0A387CFFF2AAD131873FA8B" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<heading pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<subSubSection box="[167,250,1620,1666]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[164,1167,1620,1786]" box="[167,250,1620,1666]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<figureCitation box="[167,250,1620,1666]" captionStart="Plate 24: Soricidae" captionStartId="134.[120,150,3141,3166]" captionTargetBox="[12,2738,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="386. Nimba Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maombasilvanus), 387. Doucet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura douceti), 388. West African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura muricauda), 389. Lamotte’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lamottei), 390. Greater Red White-toothed (Shrew Crociduraflavescens), 391. Lesser Red White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hirta), 392. Heather White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura erica), 393. Blackish White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigricans), 394. Goliath White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura goliath), 395. Somali White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura somalica), 396. African Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura olivieri), 397. Savanna Path White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura viaria), 398. Savanna White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fulvastra), 399. Ugandan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mutesae), 400. Smallfooted White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura parvipes), 401. Cinderella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cinderella), 402. Voi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vor), 403. Yankari White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura yankariensis), 404. Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura stenocephala), 405. Tarella White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tarella), 406. Jackson's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jacksoni), 407. Kivu Long-haired White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lanosa), 408. Dramatic White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ludia), 409. Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dolichura), 410. Savanna White-toothed Swamp Shrew (Crocidura longipes), 411. Cameroon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura picea), 412. Manenguba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura manengubae), 413. Fisentraut’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura eisentraut), 414. Upemba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zimmer), 415. Misotshi-Kabogo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lwiroensis), 416. African Dusky White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura caliginea), 417. Congo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura congobelgica), 418. Latona’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura latona), 419. Polia’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura polia), 420. Ansell’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ansellorum), 421. Pitman’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pitmani), 422. Makwassie White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maquassiensis), 423. Turbo White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura turba)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871929/files/figure.png" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">404.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[260,1029,1620,1666]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[164,1167,1620,1786]" box="[260,1029,1620,1666]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<vernacularName box="[260,1029,1620,1666]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[170,600,1659,1705]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[164,1167,1620,1786]" box="[170,600,1659,1705]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1979" box="[170,600,1659,1705]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephala">
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<emphasis box="[170,600,1659,1705]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Crocidura stenocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[164,1167,1620,1786]" box="[166,1166,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,242,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[250,449,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Crocidure du Kahuzi</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[470,561,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[572,843,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Kahuzi-WeiRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[864,956,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[966,1166,1724,1745]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Musarana de Kahuzi</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="139.[164,1167,1620,1786]" box="[165,877,1763,1784]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[165,413,1763,1784]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[423,640,1763,1784]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Kahuzi Swamp Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[654,877,1763,1784]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Narrow-headed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[777,1370,1839,2257]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[779,934,1839,1864]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Heim de Balsac, 1979" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephala">Crocidura stenocephala Heim de Balsac, 1979</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[777,1370,1839,2257]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<materialsCitation country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Kahuzi-Biega National Park" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A387CFFF2AAD131873FA8B:B031AD99A0A387CFFC41AC15170CF896" box="[972,1362,1874,1903]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kahuzi-Biega National Park" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Kahuzi-Biéga National Park</location>
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, eastern
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<collectingCountry box="[890,1039,1913,1942]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[777,1370,1839,2257]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1979" box="[782,1097,1948,1981]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephala">Crocidura stenocephala</taxonomicName>
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was considered a subspecies of C. lLttoralis, but it was re- garded as a distinct species by R. Hutterer in 1982 and 2005. Hutterer in 1982 and F. Dieterlen and H. Heim de Balsac in 1979 listed it in the C. monax-C. littoralis-C.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurisca">maurisca</taxonomicName>
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group. Itis one of three Albertine Rift Valley endemics (
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<taxonomicName box="[1026,1174,2224,2257]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuana">C. kivuana</taxonomicName>
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, C. stenocepha-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="139.[162,1369,2263,3478]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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la and
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<taxonomicName box="[265,390,2263,2296]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">C. lanosa</taxonomicName>
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). According to W. T. Stanley and colleagues in 2015,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1979" box="[1146,1339,2263,2296]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="537" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephala">C. stenocephala</taxonomicName>
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is not related to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[427,550,2311,2336]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monax">C. monax</taxonomicName>
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complex, but instead, it is a relative of C. oritis/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1910" box="[1229,1369,2311,2336]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="littoralis">C. littoralis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1916" box="[230,347,2341,2374]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latona">C. latona</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871807/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" targetBox="[164,755,1837,2251]" targetPageId="139">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[162,1369,2263,3478]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,340,2386,2415]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[162,1369,2263,3478]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,412,2579,2612]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 82-106 mm,tail 61-81 mm, ear 5-11 mm, hindfoot 15 20 mm; weight 16-35 g. Condylo-incisive length is 22:9-24-4 mm. The Kahuzi Whitetoothed Swamp Shrew is large and most similar to the Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (C. lttoralis) and the Manenguba White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1982" box="[1073,1281,2701,2730]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manengubae">C. manengubae</taxonomicName>
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), with dark coloration, naked tail, extended forehead, narrow rostrum, and graceful teeth. Dorsal pelage of the Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew is blackish, superficially brownish with silvery gray hair bases and brown tips. Ventral pelage is brownish gray, sometimes with olive tinge, paler than upperparts with pale gray-based hairs and pale brownish tips. Undersurface of head and neck are ash-gray. Ears are covered with short hairs. Forefeet are pale brown, and hindfeet are dark brown. Tail is ¢.77% of headbody length, dark brown above, and paler below. The Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew appears naked butis covered by inconspicuous bristles (pilosity less than 20%). Skull is similar to that of the Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew but clearly narrower and cutting edge of mandibular incisors has two denticles. It shares this feature with the Manenguba White-toothed Shrew and the Gracile White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maurisca">C. maurisca</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="139.[162,1369,2263,3478]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,273,3209,3242]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mostly montane swamps, dominated by sedges (
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<taxonomicName box="[959,1056,3209,3242]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyperus</taxonomicName>
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latifolius,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1191,1352,3209,3242]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, DR Congo. Water in swampsis slightly above ground level but covered by thick layer of floating plants that provides shelter and nesting sites for the Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew. It has recorded in other moist habitats and small swamps. It is partly sympatric with the Kiva White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuana">C. kivuana</taxonomicName>
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) in some swamps in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park and the Gracile White-toothed Shrew in Uganda. In Uganda, the Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew was located at
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
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Mubwindi (2070 m) in 2m high rush/sedge swamp vegetation with
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<taxonomicName box="[2392,2482,295,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lobelia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
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), closely surrounded by steep forest-covered hills at 2070 m. At Ngoto Swamp (1500 m), it was found in
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<taxonomicName box="[1829,1927,378,407]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cyperus</taxonomicName>
|
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papyrus (
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[2061,2225,378,407]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
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|
) swamps, surrounded by secondary vegetation rather than mature montane forest.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection box="[1444,1944,452,485]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="food_feeding">
|
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<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" box="[1444,1944,452,485]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
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|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1705,452,485]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
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|
No information.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="breeding">
|
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|
<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
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|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1578,492,525]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
The Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew nests in layers of floating plants. One of 13 pregnant females was found during the wet season (March). Sex ratio of captures was 23 males: 13 females in Kahuzi-Biéga.
|
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|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection box="[1442,1916,614,643]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" box="[1442,1916,614,643]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1442,1677,614,643]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
No information.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,2148,650,683]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew and the Kivu White-toothed Shrew, another swamp dweller in this region, are often the most common shrews in some swamps in eastern DR Congo. In one swamp, there were 14 Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrews, one Climbing Shrew (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1832" box="[2489,2584,768,801]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Suncus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
megalurus), and one Grant's Forest Shrew (S.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[2022,2100,812,841]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sylvisorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="139" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">granti</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) but no Kivu White-toothed Shrews. In another swamp, there were 19 Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrews, 22 Kivu Whitetoothed Shrews, and seven individuals of four other species of shrews. There appear to be no special morphological adaptationsfor living in swamps. It is assumed that these shrews must accommodate to a very moist habitat and changing water levels. Swamps are frequently flooded, and water levels are 20-30 cm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,1793,1044,1077]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Kahuzi White-toothed Swamp Shrew occurs in less than 5000 km? all individuals are in fewer than five locations, and there is continuing decline in extent and quality of its swamp habitat in Echuya Forest, Uganda. It occurs in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. There is a need to protect suitable areas of habitat, most especially in places such as Echuya Forest where habitat degradation is ongoing. Additional studies are needed on its distribution and natural history.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="139" pageNumber="536" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph blockId="139.[1441,2652,295,1397]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,1589,1329,1354]" pageId="139" pageNumber="536">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Dieterlen (2013c), Dieterlen & Heim de Balsac (1979), Hutterer (1982, 2005b), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Kerbis Peterhans, Dieterlen & Hutterer (2008), Nicoll & Rathbun (1990), Thorn et al. (2009), Stanley et al. (2015).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|