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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0188774FFFBAAF41AD1FAB9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Blarina hulophaga" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="443" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="443" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0188774FFFBAAF41AD1FAB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0188774FFFBAAF41AD1FAB9" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<heading pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<subSubSection box="[118,197,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="48.[113,1198,435,523]" box="[118,197,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<figureCitation box="[118,197,435,481]" captionStart="Plate 18: Soricidae" captionStartId="48.[122,151,3054,3079]" captionTargetBox="[12,2744,15,3636]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="136. Elliots Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina hulophaga), 137. Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicaudus), 138. Southern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina carolinensis), 139. Everglades Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina peninsulae), 140. Shermans Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina shermani), 141. Sichuan Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella quadraticauda), 142. Burmese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella wardi), 143. Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella griselda), 144. Chinese Mole Shrew (Anourosorex squamaipes), 145. Taiwanese Mole Shrew (Anowrosorex yamashinai), 146. Assam Mole Shrew (Anowrosorex assamensis), 147. Giant Mole Shrew (Anourosorex schmid), 148. Desert Gray Shrew (Notiosorex crawfordi), 149. Cockrums Gray Shrew (Notiosorex cockrumi), 150. Large-eared Gray Shrew (Notiosorex evolis), 151. Villas Gray Shrew (Notiosorex villa), 152. Mexican Shrew (Megasorex gigas), 153. Taiwanese Brown-toothed (Shrew Epusoriculusfumidus), 154. Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus macrurus), 155. Bailey's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus baileyi), 156. Long-tailed Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus leucops), 157. Hodgsons Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus caudatus), 158. Sichuan Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus sacratus), 159. Hidden Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus umbrinus), 160. Nepalese Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus soluensis), 161. Himalayan Shrew (Soriculus nigrescens), 162. De Wintons Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa hypsibia), 163. Pygmy Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parva), 164. Smiths Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa smithii), 165. Salenskis Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa salenskii), 166. Dusky Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa furva), 167. Lesser Taiwanese Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa sodalis), 168. Van Sungs Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa caovansunga), 169. Hoffmanns Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa hoffmanni), 170. Lowes Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parca), 171. Bornean Water Shrew (Chimarrogale phaeura), 172. Sumatran Water Shrew (Chimarrogale sumatrana), 173. Malayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu), 174. Chinese Water Shrew (Chimarrogale styani), 175. Himalayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica), 176. Leanders Water Shrew (Chimarrogale leander), 177. Japanese Water Shrew (Chimarrogale platycephala), 178. Elegant Water Shrew (Nectogale elegans), 179. Mediterranean Water Shrew (Neomys anomalus), 180. Transcaucasian Water (Shrew Neomysteres), 181. Eurasian Water Shrew (Neomys fodiens)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871913/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">136.</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[214,752,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="48.[113,1198,435,523]" box="[214,752,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<vernacularName box="[214,752,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Elliots Short-tailed Shrew</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[820,1161,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="48.[113,1198,435,523]" box="[820,1161,435,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[820,1161,435,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hulophaga">
<emphasis box="[820,1161,435,481]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Blarina hulophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[115,1197,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="48.[113,1198,435,523]" box="[115,1197,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[115,190,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[200,392,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Musaraigne d'Elliot</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,502,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[512,799,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Elliot-Kurzschwanzspitzmaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,911,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName box="[921,1197,500,521]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Musarana colicorta de Elliot</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="48.[727,1322,565,991]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[727,883,565,598]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicauda" subSpecies="hulophaga">Blarina brevicauda hulophaga Elliot, 1899</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="48.[727,1322,565,991]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<materialsCitation country="United States of America" county="Murray County" location="Indian Territory" municipality="Dougherty" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oklahoma">
<collectingMunicipality box="[933,1081,604,637]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Dougherty</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0188774FFFBAAF41AD1FAB9:B031AD99A0188774FBDCA91B10AAFD5C" country="United States of America" county="Murray County" municipality="Dougherty" name="Indian Territory" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" stateProvince="Oklahoma">Indian Territory</location>
,”
<collectingCounty box="[783,995,652,677]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Murray County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1011,1161,652,677]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1178,1243,652,677]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="48.[727,1322,565,991]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
Original spelling “hulophaga” was amend- ed to “hylophaga” by D. G. Elliot in 1905, but this correction was unjustified and thus represents a junior synonym.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1222,1320,801,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Blarina</taxonomicName>
hulophaga was described as a subspecies of B. brevicaudus and included under
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">B. carolinensis</taxonomicName>
until S. B. George and colleagues in 1981 recognized it as a distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
S. V. Brant and G. Orti in 2002 determined that B. hulophaga was sister to a clade including B. brevicaudus and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[491,675,1038,1071]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">B. carolinensis</taxonomicName>
. Two subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="synonymic_list">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871164/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" targetBox="[113,704,574,988]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" box="[116,516,1079,1112]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[116,516,1079,1112]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName authority="Elliot, 1899" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1899" box="[117,500,1125,1150]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hulophaga" subSpecies="hulophaga">B.h.hulophagaElliot,1899—NEColorado,SNebraska,Kansas,Missouri,SIllinois,Oklahoma,Arkansas,NETexas,andNLouisiana(ECUSA);exactdistributionallimitsareuncertain.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" box="[117,1261,1235,1268]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName authority="W. B. Davis, 1941" authorityName="W. B. Davis" authorityYear="1941" box="[117,537,1235,1268]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hulophaga" subSpecies="plumbea">B. h. plumbea W. B. Davis, 1941</taxonomicName>
— Bastrop and Aransas counties, SE Texas (S USA).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[115,365,1283,1308]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 72-96 mm, tail 19-27 mm, hindfoot 10-19 mm; weight 8-16 g. Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew is large and robust, similar to the larger Northern Short-tailed Shrew (B. brevicaudus). Pelage is short, soft, velvety, and considerably molelike, being shorter and slightly paler in summer. Dorsal pelage ranges from plumbeous gray (more common in plumbea) to brown or black (more common in hulophaga), generally with silvery tinge. Juveniles have shorter and fuzzier pelage, which can be hard to distinguish from adults in summer. Ventral pelage is somewhat paler gray, shorter, and denser than dorsal pelage. There is a bare patch of lightly colored skin around diminutive eyes; eyes can be so underdeveloped that eyelids cannot be opened. Ears are very small and completely concealed by fur; vibrissae are long and white. Tail is less than 30% of head-body length, hairy, and similar in color to dorsum, with small tuft at end. Feet are short and broad with long claws and paler than rest of body. Characteristic of the genus, Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew hasfive unicuspid teeth and significantly larger and angular skull than other shrews, being most readily distinguished from the Southern Short-tailed Shrew (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[536,721,1830,1859]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">B. carolinensis</taxonomicName>
) by its largersize and from both the Southern Short-tailed Shrew and Northern Short-tailed Shrew by having a greater angle of I, from horizontal ramus and its unique karyotype. All species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1086,1184,1905,1938]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Blarina</taxonomicName>
also have reddish teeth from iron deposits in their teeth. Females have three pairs of inguinal mammae. About 29 species of parasites have been recorded from Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew, including two trematodes (e.g. Brachylaima and Panopistus), at least three nematodes (e.g. Longistriata), and 24 arthropod ectoparasites (e.g. Geomylichus, Neotrombicula, Mycoptes, Corrodopsylla, Glycyphagus, Androlaelaps, Olistrophorus, Blarinobia, Pygmephorus, Stenoponia, etc.), many of which are shared with other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[1137,1236,2142,2175]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Blarina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Blarina</taxonomicName>
. They are reportedly somewhat venomous, being able to subdue prey withit, although these reports are somewhat dubious. Dental formula for all species of Blarninais I %3/1,C1/1, P3/1,M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 52 and FN = 60-62.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[119,229,2299,2332]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Habitat.</emphasis>
Variety of habitats, including mature oak/elm floodplain forests, other wooded floodplain communities (often found under decaying logs), woody ravines, grassy pastures near wooded areas, rocky grasslands, and dry grasslands. Elliots Short-tailed Shrews are generally found in moist areas with adequate soil or significant ground cover from fallen leaves in which to build extensive burrows. In Colorado, they have been collected in drier environments, with sandy substrates and dense vegetation. Burned and grazed areas are avoided, and when controlled burns are used, their abundance is negatively impacted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph blockId="48.[115,1325,999,2962]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[120,374,2613,2646]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Elliot's Short-tailed Shrews are primarily insectivorous, feeding on insects, snails, millipedes, earthworms, and grubs; they eat some plant material, fungi, and North American Deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to a lesser extent. Beetles generally make up the largest proportion oftheir diet, up to 50-:3% in Kansas, while other insects were up to 11:3%, spiders 7-3%, and slugs 21-2%. This contrasts with Northern Shorttailed Shrew and Southern Short-tailed Shrew that more commonly feed on earthworms and fungi, respectively. Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew might be similar to congeners in that it has similar venom that can be used to subdue prey, although this is unconfirmed. No hoarding behavior has been observed as in the Northern Short-tailed Shrew.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="breeding">
<paragraph blockId="48.[1387,2595,286,1347]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1389,1523,286,319]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Breeding.</emphasis>
Breeding of Elliots Short-tailed Shrew generally occurs from early spring to late summer and in February—October in Arkansas. Gestation lasts 21-22 days, and litters have 4-8 young. Up to three litters can be produced per season, although 1-2 seems most common. Lactating females have been recorded as late as September. Young are weaned after about a month and fully furred. After young are weaned, all maternal care ceases. They usually live 8-24 months.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="activity">
<paragraph blockId="48.[1387,2595,286,1347]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1388,1624,531,556]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew is semi-fossorial and nocturnal/crepuscular, with peaks in activity occurring at dawn and dusk in all seasons. During active hours, they only rest for short bouts between feeding and moving. They do not hibernate but do molt between seasons. Tunnel runway systems are expansive and network across an area. They might create these runways themselves or use runways of moles or voles. Nests are built in tunnel systems and are a ¢.20 cm spherical chamber, lined with grass, plantfibers, or dry leaves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="48.[1387,2595,286,1347]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,2094,799,832]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Elliots Short-tailed Shrews are primarily solitary except when breeding or rearing young. Home ranges are 0-06-0-55 ha and vary between males (0-26 ha) and females (0-14 ha). They seem to be most abundant in autumn and least abundant in spring. Over the span of six and eight weeks, individual shrews reportedly traveled 270 m and 280 m, respectively. Similar to its congeners, Elliot's Short-tailed Shrews use echolocation by emitting ultrasonic clicks to navigate, and they have rudimentary senses of sight and smell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="48.[1387,2595,286,1347]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,1748,1074,1107]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew is common and widespread with no major threats, although it is considered rare with a limited distribution in Texas. Research into composition and potential uses of their venomous saliva is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="443" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph blockId="48.[1387,2595,286,1347]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1545,1240,1265]" pageId="48" pageNumber="443">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Baumgardner et al. (1992), Brant &amp; Orti (2002), Cassola (2016h), Elliot (1899, 1905), George, Choate &amp; Genoways (1981), George, Genoways et al. (1982), Hall (1981), Hutterer (2005b), Jones et al. (1984), Reid (2006), Reilly et al. (2005), Ritzi et al. (2005), Thompson et al. (2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>