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<document id="A8A59119ECDB050E746B38DFA3DD4C33" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bd3a3e2-ea99-490e-a64d-fbad37df8aa5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289200" ID-ZooBank="1FE7AFED-DC04-4E8C-BFB3-880A94B296DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461279614665" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S. &amp; Rambaran, Ryan" docDate="2015" docId="174487A93842D76239E3DC82B072FC0E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03999p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3999 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudocnella insolens Theel 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="EB7DFFD13853D7733974DC1AB43AFF96" masterDocTitle="On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698613662619" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="298B0AA5AB207BEB9944D1B03F9CD19A">On some sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of South Africa collected by the South African Environmental and Observation Network (SAEON)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="046E7BCFA92DC37CBFDC4DF778F286B8">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E53C0EDCC5C8B51921B6E9253C32FE1A">Rambaran, Ryan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8DBDA7B6095B5786CFB900A8D940F6A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5BD486367A36D402535A46EF1FE0EFD3">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="597F3F22371AF70B57C695F9C6534554">3999</mods:number>
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<treatment id="174487A93842D76239E3DC82B072FC0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127692689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3505992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:174487A93842D76239E3DC82B072FC0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/174487A93842D76239E3DC82B072FC0E" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3DC82B539FF45" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3DC82B676FF24" blockId="17.[151,588,152,211]" box="[151,588,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="C41A81D33842D76239E3DC82B676FF24" bold="true" box="[151,588,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D76239E3DC82B676FF24" ID-CoL="78DNV" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,588,152,178]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3DC82B676FF24" bold="true" box="[151,588,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3DC82B598FF24" bold="true" box="[151,418,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Pseudocnella insolens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D76238C6DC82B67EFF24" author="Theel" box="[434,580,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3DCA0B539FF45" blockId="17.[151,588,152,211]" box="[151,259,186,211]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
(
<figureCitation id="07D62A3A3842D76239EBDCA0B4C1FF45" box="[159,251,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,661,1616]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pseudocnella insolens (Theel, 1886). A 31610 and A 31605. A. Body wall plates; B. Tube feet rods; C. Developing plate; D. Body wall buttons and / or plates; E. Body wall incomplete baskets; F – H. Tentacle rods; I. Introvert ossicles; J. Anal region plates; K. Entire specimens, left A 31610, right A 31605, courtesy Lara Atkinson." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289210/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3DD19B0AEFEA1" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3DD19B6BEFE8E" blockId="17.[151,1172,258,311]" box="[151,644,258,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD11913842D76239E3DD19B6BEFE8E" box="[151,644,258,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D76239E3DD19B63EFE8E" ID-CoL="329JJ" authority="Theel, 1886:70" authorityName="Theel" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,516,258,280]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3DD19B558FE8E" box="[151,354,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Cucumaria insolens</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3842D762381CDD18B63EFE8E" author="Theel" box="[360,516,258,280]" page="70" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D762381CDD18B5DFFE8E" author="Theel" box="[360,485,258,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Report on the Holothuroidea. Part II. Report of the Scientific Results of the HMS ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1976. Zoology IV, 34, 1 - 290." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
:70
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 4, fig. 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3DD3BB0AEFEA1" blockId="17.[151,1172,258,311]" box="[151,1172,289,311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BFFD11913842D76239E3DD3BB0AEFEA1" box="[151,1172,289,311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D76239E3DD3BB542FEA1" ID-CoL="78DNV" box="[151,376,289,311]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3DD3BB542FEA1" box="[151,376,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Pseudocnella insolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1E4C10AE3842D76238F2DD3BB67BFEA1" author="Thandar" box="[390,577,289,311]" page="289" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D76238F2DD3BB62DFEA1" author="Thandar" box="[390,535,289,311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296." type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar,1987</bibRefCitation>
:289
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1a, 2, 5a–c (synonymy);
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<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623A0EDD3BB02AFEA1" author="Thandar" box="[890,1040,289,311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 22
</treatmentCitation>
(partim).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239E3DD7EB5CDFEEA" box="[151,503,356,381]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239E3DD7EB5CDFEEA" blockId="17.[151,1436,356,920]" box="[151,503,356,381]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239E3DD7EB530FEEB" bold="true" box="[151,266,356,381]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(See
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D762383EDD7EB5D0FEEA" author="Thandar" box="[330,490,356,381]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296." type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3DD9DB560FD9A" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DD9DB560FD9A" blockId="17.[151,1436,356,920]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3DD9DB591FE36" bold="true" box="[199,427,391,416]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Material examined</emphasis>
. A31605, South Coast Survey 2011, off Mossel Bay and Plettenberg Bay,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="FAD950783842D7623C01DD92B4F6FE53" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" precision="925" value="22.866667">22° 52'E</geoCoordinate>
), Demersal Trawl 026-3448, Cruise
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,
<date id="EB53107F3842D7623A73DDB6B7B3FE53" box="[775,905,428,453]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" value="2011-04-16">16/04/2011</date>
, Lara Atkinson, 2 spec; A31610, South Coast Survey 2011, off Plettenberg Bay,
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,
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), Trawl 031-2271, Cruise
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,
<date id="EB53107F3842D7623DA3DDCAB162FE7E" box="[1239,1368,464,488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" value="2011-04-17">17/04/2011</date>
, Lara Atkinson, 4 spec.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3DE0DB12EFDB9" box="[199,1300,535,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3DE0DB563FDA6" bold="true" box="[199,345,535,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Distribution</emphasis>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D76238D0DE0DB67FFDA6" author="Thandar" box="[420,581,535,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Luderitz (
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) to Port Elizabeth (
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3842D7623D76DE0DB0A2FDA6" box="[1026,1176,535,560]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
),
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0–
<specimenCount id="89EBFD363842D7623DB3DE02B12AFDB9" box="[1223,1296,536,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="generic">110 m</specimenCount>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7F765343842D76239B3DE26B072FC0E" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DE26B7BCFD56" blockId="17.[151,1436,356,920]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D76239B3DE26B501FDC3" bold="true" box="[199,315,572,597]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is a well-known southern African endemic previously much confused with other congenerics but this controversy was cleared up by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623B3CDE45B71FFDEE" author="Cherbonnier" box="[584,805,607,632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623A2EDE45B037FDEE" author="Thandar" box="[858,1037,607,632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296." type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623D62DE7AB115FDEE" box="[1046,1327,607,632]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Natasen Moodley, M. (2000) A taxonomic study of some holothuroid echinoderms taken from southern African waters west of Port Elizabeth, in the collections of the South African Museum. MSc. dissertation, unpublished, University of Durban- Westville, South Africa, 170 pp." type="book">Natasen Moodley (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, analysed the ossicles of several forms and this was summarised by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623A4FDE9EB7CAFD0A" author="Thandar" box="[827,1008,644,669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. No brood pouches described for the species by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623866DEBDB5D5FD56" author="Cherbonnier" box="[274,495,679,704]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623B52DEBDB6EEFD56" author="Thandar" box="[550,724,679,704]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1991) The cucumariid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 26 (3), 115 - 139." type="journal article" year="1991">Thandar (1991)</bibRefCitation>
were observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F5236BF3842D76239B3DED6B072FC0E" blockId="17.[151,1436,356,920]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
A species of some contention is
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623B48DED7B722FD73" box="[572,792,716,741]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leonina">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623B48DED7B722FD73" box="[572,792,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Cucumaria leonina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623A54DED7B788FD72" box="[800,946,716,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" rank="variety" variety="africana">
var.
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623A27DED6B788FD72" box="[851,946,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623D20DED6B0CFFD72" author="Britten" box="[1108,1269,716,741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Britten, M. (1910) Holothuroidea, Echinodermata. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropolische Ergebnisse Forschengrisse im Weslichen und Zentralen Sudafrika. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Vol. 4. Jena, pp. 237 - 243." type="book" year="1910">Britten (1910)</bibRefCitation>
from Luderitz (
<collectingCountry id="E7FA762F3842D76239EADEF5B538FC9E" box="[158,258,751,776]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Namibia</collectingCountry>
) and assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623B28DEF5B6D8FC9E" box="[604,738,751,776]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623B28DEF5B6D8FC9E" box="[604,738,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623A6DDEF5B7F5FC9E" author="Panning" box="[793,975,751,776]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
. This species, never found again, was erroneously relegated to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623B0DDF0EB74FFCBB" box="[633,885,788,813]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623B0DDF0EB74FFCBB" box="[633,885,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Pseudocnella insolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623AD6DF0FB055FCBA" author="Clark" box="[930,1135,788,813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annuals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark (1923)</bibRefCitation>
and this was reiterated by
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D76239E3DF2DB557FCC6" author="Deichmann" box="[151,365,823,848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Deichmann, E. (1948) The holothurian fauna of South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 11, 325 - 376." type="journal article" year="1948">Deichmann (1948)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D762380EDF2DB662FCC6" author="Cherbonnier" box="[378,600,823,848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519895" type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623BE4DF2DB700FCC6" author="Thandar" box="[656,826,823,848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22 (4), 287 - 296." type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar (1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB7C4B4E3842D7623A32DF22B7B8FCC6" author="Thandar" box="[838,898,824,848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1991) The cucumariid holothurians of southern Africa with the erection of a new genus. South African Journal of Zoology, 26 (3), 115 - 139." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
). It is here recommended that Panning’s (1962) re-description of Britten’s species as
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623B3FDF46B781FCE2" box="[587,955,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623B3FDF46B782FCE2" box="[587,952,860,885]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="dubiosus" subSpecies="africanus">Pseudocnus dubiosus africanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
presumably from
<typeStatus id="4056881D3842D7623DE2DF47B0FCFCE3" box="[1174,1222,861,885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
material, must be upheld until a revision of the genus
<taxonomicName id="58ED4D3C3842D7623B5DDF65B694FC0E" box="[553,686,895,920]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AD99EAAD3842D7623B5DDF65B694FC0E" box="[553,686,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, currently in progress, is completed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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