502 lines
71 KiB
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502 lines
71 KiB
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<document id="C6F004533834B29B057FB3B1A0961C26" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4229.1.1SLASH10052" ID-CLB-Dataset="37164" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293480" ID-GBIF-Dataset="07873971-1d73-4f3a-b361-179172ec47cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293480" ID-ZooBank="BCDF8F6F-B8B4-4A9D-A8B8-7EDCEF1100BE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1486544624914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bradford-Grieve, Janet M., Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio & Boxshall, Geoffrey A." docDate="2017" docId="03FC3969BB63FFA601BE6152FF250616" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4229.1.1SLASH10052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4229 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Megacalanus Wolfenden 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFC54111BB7AFFBB0129672DFFD4026A" masterDocTitle="Revision of Family Megacalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698436673664" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="56810C536DC8880F102F11C32E584FED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="80142CAFBC030F9ACD335C9483851979">
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<mods:title id="1928E706EBF2717594FB079910056C98">Revision of Family Megacalanidae (Copepoda: Calanoida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0A8739867AC55E796C63C4F58E46E4C9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EF3677F757F8ADBCB2867B4BD90BE872">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A48F7727BAA872743BC004AACE19C92A">Bradford-Grieve, Janet M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="887BD965025CC6E5CEDE04BBD2CCB2F8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06DDD4676229D41F77A3BABBE68A54F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="81072475B9F9F0F5ABE12FACBEB2B18B">Blanco-Bercial, Leocadio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="64D7A26D37E113C86C6B9CAE3778562A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="493EFEA956ACA5875CBFFFAF0A81C58B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="12986F165CCEB6C5ACE1FA6DF5062E6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0761A061C09CEC5972DD6A44EBBAE71A">Boxshall, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="62D84E3E561E46B4FCB31CCE07CF7005">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B6B0F01E5763BF7B1823C687AB4E4E5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FE2337E5B343533EE9DBFC5B31307858">
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<mods:date id="150797354DA0FDF8FB6781B4F97738BE">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3090DB94C1F0A7CE73FD9BF77BB655DA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A9E9E3142BDA3334570727039B1C6B69">4229</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="04F2EF25F3676C5A1BD8D7C0DB704615" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="AFE3411E9F5CC2FA6E6326CD2177F46F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3782871278CC5A9F4D1493A14DC77148">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="334C38C1A40B06B3D4C3EB78FA839D4B">183</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8ED50F7164E455756FD40D3FD3CD6B71">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="648E3466129DD77C347D2BF378BAF830" type="CLB-Dataset">37164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90B653305142BE0914DAE11A854AF904" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.293480</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4F30FBC7C09A10041E284C0159194220" type="GBIF-Dataset">07873971-1d73-4f3a-b361-179172ec47cf</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99959499DC5365B885E69B5796E004EF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EAECBA125D366CD3CF79ED3EA6BE48B4" type="Zenodo-Dep">293480</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8ACD506EE1694FA055230D3A1F574BBA" type="ZooBank">BCDF8F6F-B8B4-4A9D-A8B8-7EDCEF1100BE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FC3969BB63FFA601BE6152FF250616" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029150" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127644065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC3969BB63FFA601BE6152FF250616" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC3969BB63FFA601BE6152FF250616" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB63FFA201BE6152FDB304F0" box="[151,615,1663,1690]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB63FFA201BE6152FDB304F0" blockId="25.[151,615,1663,1690]" box="[151,615,1663,1690]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0A23F13BB63FFA201BE6152FDB304F0" bold="true" box="[151,615,1663,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201BE6152FDB304F0" bold="true" box="[151,615,1663,1690]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201BE6152FF3104F3" bold="true" box="[151,229,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Genus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB63FFA201C56152FDB304F0" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" box="[236,615,1663,1690]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201C56152FE5B04F3" bold="true" box="[236,399,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Megacalanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB63FFA200BF61ADFDB304F0" author="Wolfenden" box="[406,615,1664,1690]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB63FFA201BE61EBFCBA0491" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB63FFA201BE61EBFE0B04B6" blockId="25.[151,878,1734,1787]" box="[151,479,1734,1756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB63FFA201BE61EBFE4804B6" authority="Sars, 1905" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,412,1734,1756]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Macrocalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201BE61EBFEFC04B6" box="[151,296,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Macrocalanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB63FFA2000761EBFE4804B6" author="Sars" box="[302,412,1734,1756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Sars, G. O. (1905) List preliminaire des Calanoides recueillis pendant les campagnes de S. A. S. le Prince Albert de Monaco, avec diagnoses des genres et des especes nouvelles. Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 26, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1905">Sars, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 26.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB63FFA201BE61C8FCBA0491" blockId="25.[151,878,1734,1787]" box="[151,878,1765,1787]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201BE61C8FF740491" box="[151,160,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">?</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB63FFA2018961C8FE2D0491" authority="Marukawa, 1921" authorityName="Marukawa" authorityYear="1921" box="[160,505,1765,1787]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Diaptomidae" genus="Pseudolovenula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA2018961C8FE910491" box="[160,325,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pseudolovenula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB63FFA2006561C8FE2D0491" author="Marukawa" box="[332,505,1765,1787]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Marukawa, H. (1921) Plankton List and some new species of copepods from the northern waters of Japan. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, 384, 1 - 13, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1921">Marukawa, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, p13, pl. 1 figs 10–13, pl. 2 figs 1–4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB63FFA101BE600AFA8500EE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB63FFA101BE600AFA8500EE" blockId="25.[151,1437,1831,2037]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB63FFA201BE600AFE75052A" bold="true" box="[151,417,1831,1856]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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As for
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<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB63FFA200D6600AFD7D052A" box="[511,681,1831,1856]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megacalanidae</taxonomicName>
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plus following character states: Anterior head without spine-like processes, rostral filaments tapering to point. Female antennule ancestral segment XXIII without aesthetasc, and segments XIV–XVII have ventral surface tooth row. Female and male ancestral segments I–V each with very small hair sensillum on dorsal surface. Right male antennule segments XIV–XV and XXII–XXIII fused, at least segments XX and XXI with fused gripping elements. Antennal exopod ancestral segments I–IV bearing relatively well-developed setae, on segments
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<date id="FFEBAEBFBB63FFA2030660F1FDB7059E" box="[559,611,2012,2036]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1-III</date>
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each seta longer than its segment, on segment IV seta extends beyond distal border of exopod. Mandibular gnathobase with ventral tooth set at right angles to main plane of gnathobase therefore appears tapering and similar to other teeth; endopod segment 1 with 4 setae, endopod segment 2 with 9 large and 2 short proximal setae. Maxillule praecoxal arthrite with 4 posterior surface setae, coxal endite with 5 setae, basal endites 1 and 2 with 4 setae each, endopod segment 2 with 4 setae. Maxilla modestly developed; longest setae extend as far as anterior labrum; most setae bear auxilliary setules. Maxilliped modestly developed, longest setae extending to rostrum, endopod segments 3–5 with proximal seta shortest. Leg 1 basis usually with anterior inner surface bearing large hook-like process onto which straight inner seta inserted, exopod segments 1 and 2 each bear distolateral articulated spine, segment 3 with 2 outer border spines. Specialised seta on male left leg 5 with base greatly enlarged into outer border bulge then tapering into short terminal section bordered by long setules. Circular or oval distoanterior ‘macula cribrosa’ present: between rostral points; at base of all antennular aesthetascs, associated with some dorsal surface hair sensilla on ancestral segments I–V depending on species, and distoposteriorly on ancestral segment XXVIII; on mandibular gnathobase, proximally near insertion of basis; on maxillule outer proximal surface of exopod; on maxilliped inner surface of basis and endopod segment 5; on anterior surface of basis of legs 1–5 adjacent to insertion of exopod segment 1; and leg 1 exopod segment 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB60FFA101EE65A2FDF100A5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE65A2FCFA00C2" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" box="[199,814,655,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB60FFA101EE65A2FEB600C2" bold="true" box="[199,354,655,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB60FFA1004065BDFCFA00C2" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" box="[361,814,655,680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB60FFA1004065BDFDB200CD" box="[361,614,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB60FFA1034765A2FCFA00C2" author="Wolfenden" box="[622,814,655,680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE659BFDF100A5" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" box="[199,549,691,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB60FFA101EE659BFEB100A5" bold="true" box="[199,357,694,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type locality.</emphasis>
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51–60o, 6–13o W.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB60FFA701EE65F7FBFC065D" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE65F7FC3001A1" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B921546DBB60FFA101EE65F7FE8D0099" bold="true" box="[199,345,730,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</emphasis>
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Female: Anterior margin of head rounded or crested without anterior spine-like processes. Rostrum ventroposteriorly-directed, extending into two long cuticular extensions, tapering to point, 1 macula cribrosa situated at base, between rostral points. Urosome of four free somites. Genital double-somite symmetrical in dorsal view, approximately as long as wide with widest width at about anterior one third; with small anteroventral genital operculum and pair of seminal receptacles. Posterior borders of pedigerous somite 5 bluntly triangular or rounded in lateral view. Caudal rami with seta I absent, setae II and III lateral, setae IV–VI terminal (seta V longest), seta VII inserted at inner distal corner on small projection.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE64FBFAD90759" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Antennule extending up to 8 segments beyond caudal rami, ancestral segments II–IV, X–XI fused; XXVII and XXVIII separate. Most setation elements modified setae (ms), aesthetascs (a), or few naked simple setae (ss); proximal setae on ancestral segment I small but developed. Posterior setae on ancestral segments XXIV to XXVI pseudoannulate as well as plumose, and posteriormost seta of terminal pair on segment XXVIII, pseudoannulate. Setation of segments as follows:
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<date id="FFEBAEBFBB60FFA1033D634AFD930615" box="[532,583,1127,1151]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">I—1</date>
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ms, 1a, 2 ss; II to XXI—2ms, 1a; XXII—1ms, 1a; XXIII—1ms; XXIV to XXV—1+1ms, 1a; XXVI—1+1ms; XXVII—1+1ms; XXVIII—3ms, 1ss, 1a. Distoanterior maculae cribrosae located at base of all aesthetascs and also distoposteriorly on ancestral segment XXVIII. Dorsal surface of ancestral segments I–V each with hair sensillum which may or may not be accompanied by macula cribrosa, depending on species (see
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<figureCitation id="136E94FABB60FFA1000C63DBFEBF0765" box="[293,363,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1776,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,337,1755]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 7. Megacalanus princeps Wolfenden, 1904 Female: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, lateral view of anterior head; D, inner seta of maxilla praecoxal endite 2; E, seta of maxilla praecoxal endite 1 (and most of other setae on maxilla); F, antennule ancestral segments XIV – XV; G, antennule ancesstral segments XVI – XVII; H, antennule ancestral segments I – IV, dorsal view; I, hair sensilla (hs) and macula cribrosa (mc) on ancestral segment III; J, leg 1. Scale bars represent: 1.0 mm on figures A, B, H, J; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimen from Oceanus Cr 473, 100 – 866 m (A – C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293487/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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H, 20G). Ventral surface of ancestral segments XIV to XVII with longitudinal distoventral row of small teeth, distoposterior border of segments XV and XVI may or may not be lined by blunt teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE6212FCFE0438" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Antenna with separate coxa and basis; coxa with 1 long inner plumose seta and inner tuft of setules, basis with 2 inner setae each ornamented with rows of short setules. Exopod slightly longer than endopod; endopod 2- segmented although line of fusion between segments 2 and 3 visible on posterior surface; segment 1 with 2 inner, almost naked setae and short longitudinal row of outer setules, terminal segment with 9+7 setae and patch of long setules; exopod in anterior view with segments I and II separate, segments II–IV fused, although ancestral segments I–IV appear to be fused in posterior view; terminal segment IX–X with 1 + 3 terminal setae, segments V–VIII each with long plumose seta, ancestral segments II–IV with 3 short but well developed setae bearing short setules and segment I with 1 short but well developed seta.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA101EE6173FC7C05FD" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mandible coxal gnathobase with five complex teeth oriented at right angles to main plane of gnathobase, with opaline tips, largest tooth ventrally situated, tapering when viewed at right angles to broad plane of gnathobase, separated from adjacent tooth by wide gap; 4 following teeth progressively decreasing in size; then, 3 simpler, asymmetrically bicuspid teeth without opaline tips follow, dorsal-most tooth longest; and finally, 1 long, lash-like element situated dorsally, bordered by wide setules; macula cribrosa situated proximally on gnathobase near insertion of basis; rows of setules lying on both distal anterior and posterior surfaces at bases of dorsal-most 6 teeth. Basis with 4 inner setae; endopod 2-segmented, segment 1 with large inner lobe and 4 distal inner setae distal of which well-developed, segment 2 with 9 terminal setae plus 2 short setae both on the same surface and transverse row of setules; exopod 5-segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 setae.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB60FFA001EE608FFC530292" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
Maxillule praecoxal arthrite with full complement of 15 setae (4 of them on posterior surface); coxal endite with 5 terminal setae, epipodite with 7 long and 2 short setae; basal endites 1 and 2 with 4 and 4 setae, respectively; exite with 1 seta; basis and endopod separate; endopod with ancestral segments 1 and 2 fused
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB61FFA0059067B4FB0602DA" box="[1209,1234,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">—</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
fusion line visible on anterior surface, with 3, 4, 6 + 1 small posterior surface seta, segment 3 with row of anterior surface setules; exopod with 11 setae, 1 macula cribrosa on outer proximal surface.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE6629FD2700CD" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Maxilla modestly developed, longest setae extend as far as anterior labrum, praecoxa with macula cribrosa on outer surface. Praecoxal endites 1 and 2 with 6+1 small and 3 setae, respectively; coxal endites 1 and 2 with 3 setae each, coxal epipodite with 1 long plumose seta; basal endite longest with 4 setae, one of them more heavily developed than others; endopod segment 1 with short lobe bearing 1 large plus 3 short, but well developed setae, endopod segments 2–4 with 3, 2, 2 setae, respectively, setae bordered by two rows of moderately spaced long spinules and distal part of concave border differs in appearance from convex border, possibly ridged. Inner surfaces of praecoxal endite 2, coxal endites 1 and 2 and basal endite each with 1 seta that is shorter and more densely lined with long spinules; endopod segments 2 and 3 with inner setae shorter than outer setae, segment 2 inner proximal seta well-developed, inner distal seta convex border bearing spinules. Terminal setae gently curving along whole length. All setae (apart from heavily built seta on basal endite), as well as having very small closely spaced spinules, bordered by long, widely spaced auxiliary spinules; distal seta on coxal endite 2 similar although closely spaced spinules much longer than on remaining setae.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE6599FF7801EA" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Maxilliped directed ventrally so that setae on syncoxa and basis directed into animal’s midline; syncoxa with 1, 2, 4, 4 setae, longest seta of endite 4 extending short of distalmost border of basis and lined by very short small spinules; basis with 3 setae, patch of bifurcate setules on anteroproximal surface; endopod segment 1 separate bearing 2 setae; endopod segments 2–6 with 4, 4, 3, 3+1 (outer seta directed proximally), 4 setae; endopod segments 3–5 with proximal seta shortest. One macula cribrosa on inner surface of basis and on endopod segment 5.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE64A0FBAC01A2" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Legs 1–5 biramous, each ramus 3-segmented with following setal formula (Roman numerals indicate spines, Arabic numerals setae, outer border setation listed to left in each group separated by ‘;’):</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE64F8FBFD0186" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1065,980,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 1 (Coxa 0-1. Basis 1-1. Exopod
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0034B64F9FD510186" box="[610,645,980,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003BB64F9FD600186" box="[658,692,980,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; II,1,4. Endopod 0-1; 0-2; 1,2,3);
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE64D5FBF9067A" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1069,1015,1040]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 2 (Coxa 0-1. Basis I-0. Exopod
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0037764D5FD54067A" box="[606,640,1016,1040]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003A464D5FD64067A" box="[653,688,1016,1040]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; III,1,5. Endopod 0-1; 0-2; 2,2,4);
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE6330FBF9065E" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1069,1052,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 3 (Coxa 0-1. Basis I-0. Exopod
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003776331FD54065E" box="[606,640,1052,1076]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003A46331FD64065E" box="[653,688,1052,1076]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; III,1,5. Endopod 0-1; 0-2; 2,2,4);
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE636DFBE60632" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1074,1087,1112]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 4 (Coxa 0-1. Basis 1-0. Exopod
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0034B636DFD510632" box="[610,645,1088,1112]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003BB636DFD600632" box="[658,692,1088,1112]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; III,1,5. Endopod 0-1; 0-2; 2,2,3);
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE6348FBEA0616" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1086,1124,1149]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 5♀ (Coxa 0-0. Basis 1-0. Exopod I-0;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0038F6349FD1D0616" box="[678,713,1124,1148]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; II,1,4. Endopod 0-1; 0-1; 2,2,2).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE63A5FE440446" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 1 coxa and basis with long setules on anterior surface, basis usually with large anterodistal hook-like process from which straight short seta arises, macula cribrosa situated on anterior surface adjacent to articulation socket of exopod segment 1. Distolateral corner of endopod segment 1 rounded. Exopod segment 2 with macula cribrosa on lateral surface at base of outer distal spine and macula cribrosa also on anterior surface of endopod segment 2. Legs 2–4 with maculae cribrosae on: basis adjacent to region of articulation of exopod segment 1, at base of outer spines on exopod segments 1 and 2, at base of 2 proximal outer edge spines on exopod segment 3, and on endopod segment 2; pore openings (presumably of bioluminescence glands, see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB61FFA0055A6272FADB0712" author="Herring" box="[1139,1295,1375,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Herring, P. J. (1988) Copepod luminescence. Hydrobiologia, 167 / 168, 183 - 195." type="journal article" year="1988">Herring 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) located on anterior surfaces at base of outer edge spines of exopod segments 1–3; endopod segment 1 outer distal corner extends into sharp point. Leg 5 extending just beyond third free urosomite, with outer distal corner of endopod segment 1 rounded; pore openings on anterior surface at base of outer border spines; maculae cribrosae on anterior surface of basis near articulation with exopod segment 1, on endopod segment 2, and just proximal to pore on exopod segments 1–3.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA001EE611AFBD5056E" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male: Anterior margin of head rounded or crested, without anterior spine-like processes. Rostrum extending into two long, ventroposteriorly- or ventrally-directed, tapering points that appear to be direct extensions of cuticle. Urosome of five free somites, genital somite short. Posterior borders of pedigerous somite 5 bluntly triangular or rounded in lateral view. Caudal rami seta I absent, setae II and III lateral, setae IV–VI terminal (seta V longest), seta VII inserted at inner distal corner onto small projection; tufts of setules decorate inner border, row of setules located at base of seta VII, and tufts on lateral border between setae II and III.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB61FFA701EE6022FC2D0009" blockId="27.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Antennules asymmetrically developed, geniculate on right. Aesthetascs larger than in female with stiffened posterior border. Left antennule with ancestral segments II–IV, IX–XI fused, segments XXVII and XXVIII separate, with aethetascs doubled on segments III, V, VII, IX, XI–XIV. Most setal elements modified setae (ms) or aesthetascs (a); plus few naked simple setae (ss). Setation of segments as follows:
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA005016051FB8805FE" box="[1064,1116,1916,1940]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I—1</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a, 2ss; II–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0042C6051FA9A05FF" box="[1285,1358,1916,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">IV—6</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 4a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA001BE608DFF0305D2" box="[151,215,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 2a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA0001E608DFE5505D2" box="[311,385,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">VI—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA000C9608DFDE005D2" box="[480,564,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">VII—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 2a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003BA608DFD2405D2" box="[659,752,1952,1976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">VIII—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a; IX–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA00254608DFC1105D3" box="[893,965,1952,1977]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">XI—5</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 5a, 1 clavate (club-shaped) seta (on segment XI, damaged in specimen figured);
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB61FFA003A760E9FD3505B6" box="[654,737,1988,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">XII—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 2a; XIII—2ms, 2a; XIV—2ms; 2a; XV to XXI—2ms, 1a; XXII to XXIII—1ms, 1a; XXIV—1+1ms, 1a; XXV—1+1ms, 1a; XXVI—1+1ms; XXVII—1+1ms; XXVIII—3ms, 1a, 1ss. Segments XIV and XV with row of distoventral teeth. Maculae cribrosae at base of every aesthetasc including on segment XXVIII. Right antennule geniculate between segments XX and XXI, with ancestral segments II–IV, IX–XI, XIV–XV, XXI–XXII fused on ventral surface with arthrodial membrane present on dorsal surface; XXII–XXIII completely fused, XXVII and XXVIII separate. Setation of segments as follows:
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA701BE6661FF1E030E" box="[151,202,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">I—1</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a, 2ss; II–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA700556661FE11030F" box="[380,453,332,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IV—6</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 4a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA703376661FD8A030E" box="[542,606,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">V—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 2a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA703906661FCD6030E" box="[697,770,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">VI—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA702756661FC7B030E" box="[860,943,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">VII—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 2a;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA705206661FBB2030E" box="[1033,1126,332,356]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">VIII—2</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 1a; IX–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA705C46661FAE1030F" box="[1261,1333,332,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">XI—5</date>
|
|||
|
|
ms, 5a, 1 clavate seta (on segment XI based
|
|||
|
|
<collectedFrom id="3849CB82BB66FFA70331665DFD6003E2" box="[536,692,368,392]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
on
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA70312665CFD6003E2" box="[571,692,368,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA70312665CFD6003E2" box="[571,692,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. ohmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</collectedFrom>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA703C0665CFCBA03ED" box="[745,878,368,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA703C0665CFCBA03ED" box="[745,878,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); XII to XIII—2ms; 2a; XIV–XV—4ms, 3a; XVI to XVIII—2ms, 1a; XIX—2ms, 1a or 1ms, 1 fused gripping element, 1a; XX—1ms, 1 fused gripping element, 1a; XXI—1ms, 1 fused gripping element, 1a or 2 gripping elements, 1a; XXII–XXIII—1ms, 1ss; XXIV to XXV—1+1ms, 1a; XXVI—1+1ms; XXVII—1+1ms; XXVIII—3ms, 1a, 1ss. Marker seta interpreted as indicating fusion of segments XXII–XXIII minute, proximally-inserted at first 1/6th of this double segment. Maculae cribrosae located at base of all aesthetascs, and distally on segments XXIV and XXVI. Fused segments XIV and XV on right antennule each with longitudinal row of teeth on ventral surface.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE6542FE8200A5" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Antenna, mandible, maxillule, maxilla, maxilliped and legs 1–4 as in female. Leg 5 with following setal formula (Roman numerals indicate spines, Arabic numerals setae, outer border setation listed to left in each group separated by ‘;’):</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE65F6FBBE0099" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,1130,730,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
Leg 5♂ left (Coxa 0-0. Basis 1-0. Exopod I-0;
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB66FFA703FA65F6FD220099" box="[723,758,731,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">I-1</date>
|
|||
|
|
; II,1,0. Endopod 0-0; 0-1; 2,2,2);
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE642DFBAE017D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,1146,766,792]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 5♂ right (Coxa 0-0. Basis 1-0. Exopod I-0; I-0; II,1,0. Endopod 0-0; 0-1; 2,2,2).</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE640EFBFC065D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leg 5 almost symmetrical apart from specialised seta on inner distal border of left exopod segment 2 and asymmetrically inserted single spine on inner border of exopod segment 3 (homologous with terminal spine of female). Male left leg 5 exopod segment 2, specialised seta composed of two sections: wide basal part and lash arising from proximodistal border of basal part. Basal part of variable proportions and bearing pit on anterodistal corner. Lash bearing longitudinal rows of long setules extending onto basal part and tuft of setules arising from pit. Outer distal corner of endopod segment 1 rounded. Pore openings on anterior surface at base of outer spines. On posterior surface, 1 macula cribrosa on endopod segment 3 and just proximal to each outer spine on exopod segments 1 to 3. Basis inner distal border naked or with patch of elongate setules.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB66FFA701EE636FFCFA0631" box="[199,814,1090,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE636FFCFA0631" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,814,1090,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA701EE636FFEB60631" bold="true" box="[199,354,1090,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type species.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA70040636EFCFA0631" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" box="[361,814,1090,1115]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA70040636EFDB20630" box="[361,614,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA70347636FFCFA0631" author="Wolfenden" box="[622,814,1090,1115]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FDBF4BB66FFA601EE634BFF250616" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE634BFC9B0765" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA701EE634BFEEF0615" bold="true" box="[199,315,1126,1151]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54EE36DDBB66FFA700606345FE5506EA" box="[329,385,1128,1152]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species. The identity and nomenclature of Atlantic Ocean
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA70571634AFB3B0615" box="[1112,1263,1127,1151]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA70571634AFB3B0615" box="[1112,1263,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
had not been stabilised when this work began. A great deal of confusion was caused by the incomplete description of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7041763A6FF2C06AD" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7041763A6FF2C06AD" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA700086383FE6D06AD" box="[289,441,1198,1223]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bathycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brady">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA700086383FE6D06AD" author="Brady" box="[289,441,1198,1223]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, making its true identity the subject of ongoing speculation. Also the generic diversity of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA701EC63FFFEBA0681" box="[197,366,1234,1259]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Megacalanidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was not recognised until A. Scott’s (1909) description of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7050C63FEFB140681" box="[1061,1216,1235,1259]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bradycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7050C63FEFB140681" box="[1061,1216,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bradycalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, a genus which is morphologically closer to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7009463DAFD800765" box="[445,596,1271,1295]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7009463DAFD800765" box="[445,596,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
than to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7038663DAFC930765" box="[687,839,1271,1295]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bathycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7038663DAFC930765" box="[687,839,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bathycalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE6237FCE2078D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA701EE6237FE550759" author="Damkaer" box="[199,385,1306,1331]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Damkaer, D. M. (2000) Determination and enthusiasm: Richard Norris Wolfenden (1854 - 1926), his Plankton studies and other things oceanographical. Archives of Natural History, 27 (2), 209 - 229." type="journal article" year="2000">Damkaer (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
concluded that the correct name for Atlantic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA702A36236FBF50759" box="[906,1057,1307,1331]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA702A36236FBF50759" box="[906,1057,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7056C6236FB380759" box="[1093,1260,1307,1331]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7056C6236FB380759" box="[1093,1260,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. longicornis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA705D56236FEEC073D" author="Sars" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Sars, G. O. (1905) List preliminaire des Calanoides recueillis pendant les campagnes de S. A. S. le Prince Albert de Monaco, avec diagnoses des genres et des especes nouvelles. Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 26, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1905">
|
|||
|
|
Sars, 1905, as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA701BE6212FEEC073D" box="[151,312,1343,1367]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Macrocalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA701BE6212FEEC073D" box="[151,312,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Macrocalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) although the first recognisable description of this species was actually
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA705B16212FEB40711" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA705B16212FA48073C" box="[1176,1436,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA701BE624FFEB40711" author="Wolfenden" box="[151,352,1378,1403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; the presence of the anterodistal hook-like process on the basis of leg 1 clearly indicates Wolfenden’s species is a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7008462AAFD9007F5" box="[429,580,1415,1439]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7008462AAFD9007F5" box="[429,580,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The most important question requiring an answer to untangle this confusion is: should
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA700266286FD0807A9" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" box="[271,732,1450,1475]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA700266286FDDB07A8" box="[271,527,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA703306287FD0807A9" author="Wolfenden" box="[537,732,1450,1475]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
be considered to be a homonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA705A86286FF05078D" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA705A86286FA9C07A8" box="[1153,1352,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA7047B6287FF05078D" author="Brady" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
? Our answer is ‘no’ based on the following reasoning.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE62DFFA44041D" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA701EE62DFFE400461" author="Wolfenden" box="[199,404,1522,1547]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
reported on page 113 that: “the only described copepod at all resembling it [
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7042C62DEFE120445" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7042C62DEFF2C0445" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA70028613BFE120445" author="Wolfenden" box="[257,454,1558,1583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
] is
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA700DB613AFDA20445" box="[498,630,1559,1583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA700DB613AFDA20445" box="[498,630,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA703B6613BFD370445" box="[671,739,1558,1583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bathycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brady">Brady</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
… in which the feet are very similar, but there are not such setae on the anterior foot jaws as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA703016117FDB80439" box="[552,620,1594,1619]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bathycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brady">Brady</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
figures, the maxilla is totally different as regards its bristles, and the segmentation of the anterior antennae and abdomen is also different. It is therefore certainly not Brady’s species.”
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE61AEFAC90541" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
In using the same species name as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7036761AFFD3304F1" box="[590,743,1666,1691]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Bathycalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brady">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA7036761AFFD3304F1" author="Brady" box="[590,743,1666,1691]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, Wolfenden implied his
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA702D061AEFB2304F0" box="[1017,1271,1667,1691]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA702D061AEFB2304F0" box="[1017,1271,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was not in the same genus as Brady’s species. Nevertheless, he did not resolve the issue of generic affinities of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA705E2618AFF1B0489" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA705E2618AFA9F04D5" box="[1227,1355,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA7047B618BFF1B0489" author="Brady" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
except to say that, in his opinion, Brady’s species was not a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA702A961E6FC090489" box="[896,989,1739,1763]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA702A961E6FC090489" box="[896,989,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
because of the extra outer border spine on exopod segment 3 of legs 2–4. Thus, it was Sars’ (1905) opinion, a year later, which erroneously designated
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA701BE603EFD880541" authority="Wolfenden, 1904" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,604,1810,1835]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA701BE603EFE420540" box="[151,406,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA700B5603FFD880541" author="Wolfenden" box="[412,604,1810,1835]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1904) Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faroe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7 (1), 110 - 146, pl. IX." type="journal article" year="1904">Wolfenden, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a junior homonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA7025F603EFACD0541" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" box="[886,1305,1810,1835]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA7025F603EFBA00540" box="[886,1140,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA705AA603FFAC50541" author="Brady" box="[1155,1297,1810,1835]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB66FFA701EE6015FF0F05B5" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
|||
|
|
By 1906, Wolfenden (P. 4) had examined Brady’s
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54EE36DDBB66FFA702296015FCE4053A" box="[768,816,1848,1872]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
specimen of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA702E0601AFB5A0525" box="[969,1166,1847,1871]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA702E0601AFB5A0525" box="[969,1166,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and again recognised it was not a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA700276076FE710519" box="[270,421,1883,1907]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA700276076FE710519" box="[270,421,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and concluded it resembled
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA703DB6076FBB50519" authority="Wolfenden, 1906" authorityName="Wolfenden" authorityYear="1906" box="[754,1121,1882,1907]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pseudodiaptomidae" genus="Heterocalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA703DB6076FC420519" box="[754,918,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Heterocalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA702B66077FBB50519" author="Wolfenden" box="[927,1121,1882,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wolfenden, R. N. (1906) Plankton Studies: preliminary notes upon new or interesting species. Part 1 I. Copepoda. Rebman, London, pp. 25 - 44, pls VIII - XIV." type="book chapter" year="1906">Wolfenden, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
although the totality of his comments are contradictory. We agree with Wolfenden’s (1906) concept of a separate genus to take
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB66FFA704316052FEF505D1" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB66FFA704316052FA4F05FD" box="[1304,1435,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB66FFA701BE608FFEF505D1" author="Brady" box="[151,289,1954,1979]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and develop this idea further in a later section along with a discussion of the need for a replacement name.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE67B5FDE4030F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
One of us (GAB) recently examined two of Brady’s type specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA602CA67B5FAEC02DA" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" box="[995,1336,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Calanidae" genus="Calanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA602CA67B5FB7C02C5" box="[995,1192,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Calanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA6058667BAFAEC02DA" author="Brady" box="[1199,1336,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(BMNH 1884.4. c.c.2/5), each dissected on two slides, and found that most limbs were in good condition. The maxillule setal formula is: praecoxal arthrite, coxal endite and basal endite 1 with 11, 0, 2 setae, respectively; basal endite 2 with 2 setae, and endopod segments with 1, 1, 4+1 setae. The first endopod segment carried 1 seta on one side of the body but 2 setae on the other side. Leg 1 exopod segments 1 and 2 both lack an outer border spine and exopod segment 3 has 2 outer border spines.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE665DFF02039E" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
We propose that there is no value in attempting to untangle all the opinions expressed concerning synonymies between the dates of
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFEBAEBFBB67FFA600AB66B9FDD703C7" box="[386,515,404,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1905" valueMax="1925">1905–1925</date>
|
|||
|
|
. We recommend the use of Wolfenden’s (1904) name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA6057766B9FA8803C6" box="[1118,1372,404,428]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA6057766B9FA8803C6" box="[1118,1372,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
since his is the first recognisable description of this species and it is clearly not in the same genus as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA605E06695FF06039E" authority="Brady, 1883" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1883" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA605E06695FA9E03A5" box="[1225,1354,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. princeps</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA6047B669AFF06039E" author="Brady" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Brady, G. S. (1883) Report on the Copepoda collected by the H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of the H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8, 1 - 142, 55 pls." type="journal article" year="1883">Brady, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE66D2FBA40085" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Species. Four species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA600C9652DFDA30072" box="[480,631,512,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA600C9652DFDA30072" box="[480,631,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are now included in this genus: the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54EE36DDBB67FFA6053A652DFB970072" box="[1043,1091,512,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species and three new species described herein:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA600746509FDE10056" box="[349,565,548,572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA600746509FDE10056" box="[349,565,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus frosti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA603156509FDAE0057" box="[572,634,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA603156509FDAE0057" bold="true" box="[572,634,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
is the crested form recorded by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA602C86509FBAD0056" author="Miller" box="[993,1145,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Miller, C. B. (2002) A variant form of Megacalanus longicornis (Copepoda: Megacalanidae) from deep waters off Southern California. Hydrobiologia, 480, 129 - 143." type="journal article" year="2002">Miller (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA605876508FAFC0056" box="[1198,1320,548,572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA605876508FAFC0056" box="[1198,1320,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ohmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA604076509FAB90057" box="[1326,1389,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA604076509FAB90057" bold="true" box="[1326,1389,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA601BE6564FED70035" box="[151,259,584,608]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ericae" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA601BE6564FED70035" box="[151,259,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ericae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA60022656AFE9F000A" box="[267,331,583,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA60022656AFE9F000A" bold="true" box="[267,331,583,608]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
These species may be distinguished by a combination of female and male characteristics relating to: the general shape of the posterior borders of pedigerous somite
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD259ABB67FFA602B86541FC6900EF" box="[913,957,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the female, the shape of the anterior head and rostrum in lateral view, the presence or absence of small blunt teeth on the distoposterior border of antennular segments XV and XVI in the female, the shape of the specialised seta on the male left leg 5 inner distal corner of exopod segment 2, and the armature of the right male antennular segments XIX to XXI.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE65D0FB3D0115" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA601EE65D0FEA8017E" author="Vervoort" box="[199,380,764,788]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Vervoort, W. (1949) Some new and rare Copepoda Calanoida from East Indian Seas. Zoologische Ferhandelingen, Leiden, 5, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1949">Vervoort (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
considered a copepodite stage IV, described as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA602B465D1FB70017E" box="[925,1188,764,788]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Diaptomidae" genus="Pseudolovenula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA602B465D1FB70017E" box="[925,1188,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pseudolovenula magna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA605F865D1FA48017E" author="Marukawa" box="[1233,1436,764,789]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Marukawa, H. (1921) Plankton List and some new species of copepods from the northern waters of Japan. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, 384, 1 - 13, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1921">Marukawa (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and placed in the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA600726432FDD50152" box="[347,513,799,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Centropagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Centropagidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, to be a
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA60374640DFD280152" box="[605,764,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA60374640DFD2C0152" box="[605,760,800,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megacalanus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Marukawa’s (1921) figure (plate 1 fig. 13) of leg 1 does not have a large hook-like process on its basis which is present in at least copepodite stage II (see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB67FFA6059F6469FAD20136" box="[1206,1286,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,589,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[170,1422,589,1856]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Megacalanus princeps Wolfenden, 1904 copepodite II: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, antennule; D, rostral filaments; E, antenna endopod segment 2; F, antenna exopod; G, mandible endopod; H, maxillule; I, maxilliped; J, leg 1 — arrow indicates hook – like process; K, leg 2; L, leg 3. Scale bars represent: 1.0 mm on figures A – C; 0.1 mm on remaining figures. Illustrated specimens from ANTXXIV / 1, Stn 2, 1000 – 2000 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310969/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
J). Therefore, it is not possible to be certain it is a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA603036445FD1501EA" box="[554,705,872,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA603036445FD1501EA" box="[554,705,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the species name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA602956444FBDD01EA" box="[956,1033,873,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Diaptomidae" genus="Pseudolovenula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA602956444FBDD01EA" box="[956,1033,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">magna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is available for use.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE64A1FAC701A2" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
The mouthparts and legs of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA6032164A1FD4B01CE" box="[520,671,908,932]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA6032164A1FD4B01CE" box="[520,671,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species are generally indistinguishable. Thus, these limbs are fully illustrated for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA6001C649CFE7B01A2" box="[309,431,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohmani">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA6001C649CFE7B01A2" box="[309,431,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ohmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
alone. Distinguishing features only, are illustrated for the other three species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA887FBB67FFA601EE64F9FF250616" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
|||
|
|
Distribution. The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54EE36DDBB67FFA600BC64F8FE110187" box="[405,453,981,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species was found in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the southwest Pacific close to
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342C8EFBB67FFA601BE64DAFF03067A" box="[151,215,1015,1040]" name="Chile" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and strays have been found in the Celebes and Banda Seas and the tropical
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991469DBB67FFA6050464DAFBAB067A" box="[1069,1151,1015,1040]" country="Oman" name="Al Wusta" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Central</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Pacific (see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="136E94FABB67FFA6042664DAFA87067A" box="[1295,1363,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,920,942]" captionTargetBox="[179,1412,215,847]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,898]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Megacalanus species: filled triangle = Megacalanus princeps; open triangle = M. frosti n. sp.; filled square = M. ericae n. sp.; open square = M. ohmani n. sp.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/310962/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6D7BDC4BB67FFA6047764DAFF70065E" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[121,197,553,573]" captionTargetBox="[119,1865,736,1449]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Station data and capture circumstances for Megacalanidae newly studied here. BN = Benthic net; EBS-S = Epibenthic Sledge — supranet (top); IKMT = Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl; = Multinet; MOC 10 = 10 m 2 MOCNESS net; MOC 1 = 1 m 2 MOCNESS net; mwo = metres of wire out; N 100 = 1 m diameter net with stramin mesh (Sewell 1935); N 200 = 2 m diameter" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2AD8F7BB7CFFBD01506504F8E5003D" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="DF2AD8F7BB7CFFBD01506504F8E5003D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA601946331FE43065E" box="[189,407,1052,1076]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frosti" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA601946331FE43065E" box="[189,407,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megacalanus frosti</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA600B66331FE0B065F" box="[415,479,1052,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA600B66331FE0B065F" bold="true" box="[415,479,1052,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
is the crested form recorded by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4F58EBB67FFA6027B6331FC3F065E" author="Miller" box="[850,1003,1052,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Miller, C. B. (2002) A variant form of Megacalanus longicornis (Copepoda: Megacalanidae) from deep waters off Southern California. Hydrobiologia, 480, 129 - 143." type="journal article" year="2002">Miller (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
from the eastern Pacific, another new species is found east of Irian Jaya (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA6030A636CFD490632" box="[547,669,1088,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA6030A636CFD490632" box="[547,669,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ohmani</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA6038C6312FD300632" box="[677,740,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA6038C6312FD300632" bold="true" box="[677,740,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55F3FCBB67FFA60205636CFC4C063D" box="[812,920,1088,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Megacalanidae" genus="Megacalanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ericae" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA60205636CFC4C063D" box="[812,920,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ericae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A212E916BB67FFA602B66312FC0A0632" box="[927,990,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B921546DBB67FFA602B66312FC0A0632" bold="true" box="[927,990,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
is widespread in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|