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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff2e62f9-b478-406a-9812-d87c5b0f1275" ID-PMC="PMC3272638" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-167-1" ID-PubMed="22363201" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-167-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 167" ModsDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" checkinTime="1451249361926" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ledford, Joel, Paquin, Pierre, Cokendolpher, James, Campbell, Josh &amp; Griswold, Charles" docDate="2012" docId="68E78E5C9247140BF54BB7E6BF4D1E81" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 167: 1-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 167" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" docTitle="Tayshaneta Ledford &amp; Griswold, in Ledford et al. 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFABFF9EDA67666EBE2E632CFFF08176" masterDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668153202787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ledford, Joel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paquin, Pierre</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cokendolpher, James</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Campbell, Josh</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>167</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-167-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68E78E5C9247140BF54BB7E6BF4D1E81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68E78E5C9247140BF54BB7E6BF4D1E81" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tayshaneta" authority="Ledford &amp; Griswold, in Ledford et al. 2011" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta Ledford &amp; Griswold, in Ledford et al. 2011</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoneta</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Simon 1872</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Chamberlin, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Utah" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 117" title="A hundred new species of American spiders." volume="7" year="1942">Chamberlin and Ivie 1942</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 203" title="The spider family Leptonetidae in North America." volume="1" year="1974">Gertsch 1974</bibRefCitation>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Neoleptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoleptoneta" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoleptoneta</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli, PM" journalOrPublisher="Quaderna Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="129 - 155" title="Some cavernicolus spiders from Mexico (Araneae), in &quot; Subterranean fauna of Mexico, Part I &quot;." volume="171" year="1972">Brignoli 1972</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli, PM" journalOrPublisher="Quaderna Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 218" title="Spiders of Mexico, III. A new leptonetid from Oaxaca (Araneae, Leptonetidae)." volume="171" year="1977">Brignoli 1977</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 16" title="On the tibial and patellar glands, relationships and American genera of the spider family Leptonetidae (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="2855" year="1986">Platnick 1986</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Cokendolpher, JC" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="35 - 55" title="Cave spiders (Araneae) of Fort Hood, Texas, with descriptions of new species of Cicurina (Dictynidae) and Neoleptoneta (Leptonetidae)." volume="5" year="2001">Cokendolpher and Reddell 2001</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Cokendolpher, JC" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="63 - 69" title="A new Neoleptoneta spider from a cave in Camp Bullis, Bexar County, Texas (Araneae: Leptonetidae)." volume="6" year="2004">Cokendolpher 2004</bibRefCitation>
(in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Ledford, JM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 388" title="Systematics and evolution of the spider genus Neoleptoneta (Araneae: Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae." url="doi: 10.1071/IS11014" volume="25" year="2011">Ledford et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
(in part).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
Ledford and Griswold, in
<bibRefCitation author="Ledford, JM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 388" title="Systematics and evolution of the spider genus Neoleptoneta (Araneae: Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae." url="doi: 10.1071/IS11014" volume="25" year="2011">Ledford et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 334-388
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta coeca" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeca">Leptoneta coeca</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1942.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomen dubium">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nomen dubium.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta furtiva" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furtiva">Leptoneta furtiva</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974) is described on on the basis of a single female specimen from Blackwell, Nolan County, Texas. The holotype is in poor condition, missing most of its appendages and genitalia. Efforts to recollect the species at the type locality have proven unsuccessful and the lack of diagnostic features prevents its diagnosis from any other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
species.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta uvaldea" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uvaldea">Leptoneta uvaldea</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974) was
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">described</pageBreakToken>
from Story Cave, Uvalde County, Texas, based on a single female specimen. While the holotype is in good condition, the genitalia are damaged and it cannot be separated from any other
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
species. Furthermore, the type locality, Story Cave, is widely recognized as a lost cave somewhere on the Marneldo Ranch (A. Gluesenkamp, pers. comm.). Given their lack of diagnostic features, both species are declared nomena dubia until additional specimens near the type localities can be obtained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
is separated from all other leptonetids by having males with a recurved to straight retrolateral spine on the palpal tibia (Figs 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
) and females with short spermathecal stalks bearing large circular to oval heads (Figs 52-54).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="putative synapomorphies">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Putative synapomorphies.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Species of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
are united by the unique conformation of the female genitalia, with short spermathecal stalks bearing large heads (Figs 52-54) and the recurved to straight retrolateral spine on the male palpal tibia (Figs 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Total length 1.0-1.98. Carapace depigmented to orange-brown; oval and covered by fine, irregular sculpturing which refracts light producing a distinctive iridescence (Figs 10A, C), sparsely setose, length 0.88-1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width. Eyes present, reduced, or absent with the PME displaced posteriad of the AEG (Fig. 10B), elevated to flattened in lateral profile (Fig. 10E); chelicerae free and with lateral stridulatory file (Fig. 10E). Sternum triangular to subquadrate (Fig. 10D); abdomen pale yellow to dark brown, lacking distinctive pattern. Colulus triangular, ALS cylindrical, PMS and PLS comb-like, with a linear row of 6-10 aciniform gland spigots (Figs 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Legs elongate and thin, femur I 1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.26×">-2.26x</normalizedToken>
carapace length; formula I, IV, II, III, covered in fine setae and with few scattered spines; patellar and tibial glands triangular with single, large pores; metatarsus III with ventroapical preening comb. Male palpal tarsus divided or tapering apically, with a middorsal division (Figs 31
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
); tibia with a single recurved to straight retrolateral spine on an elevated base surrounded by elongate setae and 2-4 paddle-shaped setae (Figs 32
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
); palpal bulb oval, longer than wide, with an apically situated embolus (E, Figs 33-51) and an oval prolateral lobe (PL, Figs 33-51); ventral sclerite present (VS, Figs 33, 37, 39-41, 44-50) or absent (Figs 34-36, 38, 42, 43, 51), consisting of a single spine; retrolateral sclerite present or absent, curved and weakly invaginated to oval (RS, Figs 39-41, 49-50) or distinctly separated from the bulb (RS, Fig. 51); tarsal organ circular, shallow and with a pair of receptors. Female genitalia (Figs 52-54) consisting of a single oval to triangular atrium with a pair of lateral spermathecae bearing large, circular (Figs 52A,
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
; 53
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
; 54
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, E) to elongate heads (Figs 53C, 54D) that are covered in fine pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="composition">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nineteen species, ten of which are described in this paper:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta anopica" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anopica">Tayshaneta anopica</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta archambaulti" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archambaulti">Tayshaneta archambaulti</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta bullis" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullis">Tayshaneta bullis</taxonomicName>
(Cokendolpher, 2004),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta coeca" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeca">Tayshaneta coeca</taxonomicName>
(Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1942),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta concinna" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">Tayshaneta concinna</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta devia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="devia">Tayshaneta devia</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta emeraldae" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeraldae">Tayshaneta emeraldae</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta fawcetti" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fawcetti">Tayshaneta fawcetti</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta grubbsi" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grubbsi">Tayshaneta grubbsi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta madla" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madla">Tayshaneta madla</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta myopica" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myopica">Tayshaneta myopica</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta oconnorae" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oconnorae">Tayshaneta oconnorae</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta paraconcinna" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraconcinna">Tayshaneta paraconcinna</taxonomicName>
(Cokendolpher &amp; Reddell, 2001),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta sandersi" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandersi">Tayshaneta sandersi</taxonomicName>
, sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta sprousei" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sprousei">Tayshaneta sprousei</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta valverdae" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valverdae">Tayshaneta valverdae</taxonomicName>
(Gertsch, 1974),
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta vidrio" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidrio">Tayshaneta vidrio</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta whitei" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="whitei">Tayshaneta whitei</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Central to West Texas (Figs 3, 56-61).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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