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<mods:title id="78DD40C645D4DB7441E4DCCDA18972AB">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF3323FDC5FAE3" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[151,520,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3323FDC5FAE3" bold="true" box="[151,520,1374,1401]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3323FE49FAE2" bold="true" box="[151,388,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
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(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DA46B5BDD733FFFED2FA06" box="[159,287,1411,1437]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 90" captionStart-1="FIGURE 91" captionStart-2="FIGURE 92" captionStart-3="FIGURE 93" captionStart-4="FIGURE 94" captionStartId-0="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="132.[151,250,1504,1528]" captionStartId-2="133.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionStartId-3="134.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionStartId-4="135.[151,250,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox-0="[262,1323,188,1912]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1852]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1414,194,1857]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@131.[253,1334,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@132.[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@133.[151,1435,181,1852]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@134.[161,1426,181,1864]" captionTargetId-4="figure-15@135.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="131" captionTargetPageId-1="132" captionTargetPageId-2="133" captionTargetPageId-3="134" captionTargetPageId-4="135" captionText-0="FIGURE 90. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant): a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." captionText-1="FIGURE 91. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), polymorphic forms." captionText-2="FIGURE 92. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), polymorphic forms." captionText-3="FIGURE 93. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a, b. eggs; c. early stage larva; d. full grown larva; e. pupa; f. adult, nominate form." captionText-4="FIGURE 94. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a–e. larva; f. pupa; g, h. adult, nominate form." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261803" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261807" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261816" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261822" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8261803/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8261807/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8261816/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8261822/files/figure.png" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Figs 90–94</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF33BBFB41FA44" box="[151,1164,1479,1503]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF33BBFDC0FA44" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,525,1479,1503]" page="167" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF33BBFDC0FA44" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 167" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,525,1479,1503]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF33BBFEFFFA44" box="[151,306,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia eucharis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC7133BBFDC0FA44" author="Mulsant, E." box="[313,525,1479,1503]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 167</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF5F33BBFDB0FA44" author="Mulsant, E." box="[535,637,1479,1503]" page="191" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF5F33BBFDB0FA44" author="Mulsant, E." box="[535,637,1479,1503]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 191</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BFE033BBFD27FA44" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[680,746,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BFE033BBFD27FA44" box="[680,746,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Crotch 1874: 127; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE9833BBFB45FA44" author="Weise, J." box="[976,1160,1479,1503]" page="132" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1895">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE9833BBFB45FA44" author="Weise, J." box="[976,1160,1479,1503]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="120 - 146" refId="ref124203" refString="Weise, J. (1895 a) Neue Coccinelliden sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Annales de la Societe Entomologique du Belgique, 1895, 120 - 146." type="journal article" year="1895">Weise 1895a: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF339AFB2BFA65" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,1254,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF339AFB2BFA65" box="[151,1254,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF339AFD53FA65" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[151,670,1510,1534]" page="71" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1979">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF339AFD53FA65" authority=": Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1979: 71" authorityName="Iablokoff-Khnzorian" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,670,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF339AFE90FA65" box="[151,349,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC22339AFD53FA65" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[362,670,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="37 - 75" refId="ref114003" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1979) Genera der Palaarktischen Coccinellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomologische Blatter fur Biologie und Systematik der Kafer, 75 (1 - 2), 37 - 75." type="journal article" year="1979">Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1979: 71</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BFE1339AFCBFFA65" author="Poorani, J." box="[681,882,1510,1534]" page="331" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BFE1339AFCBFFA65" author="Poorani, J." box="[681,882,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 331</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE34339AFB80FA65" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[892,1101,1510,1534]" page="194" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE34339AFB80FA65" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[892,1101,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BEE3339BFC12FA65" box="[939,991,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 194
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5B91F339AFB2FFA65" author="Yu, G." box="[1111,1250,1510,1534]" page="125" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5B91F339AFB2FFA65" author="Yu, G." box="[1111,1250,1510,1534]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu 2010: 125</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF3078FB67F986" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,1194,1540,1565]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF3078FB67F986" box="[151,1194,1540,1565]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF3078FDFEF987" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,563,1540,1564]" page="163" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF3078FDFEF987" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 163" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="163" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,563,1540,1564]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="christophori">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3078FE95F987" box="[151,344,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia christophori</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC173078FDFEF987" author="Mulsant, E." box="[351,563,1540,1564]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 163</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF753078FD6EF986" author="Mulsant, E." box="[573,675,1540,1565]" page="188" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF753078FD6EF986" author="Mulsant, E." box="[573,675,1540,1565]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 188</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BF863078FCDDF987" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[718,784,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BF863078FCDDF987" box="[718,784,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Crotch 1874: 126; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BEBF3078FB6BF986" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[1015,1190,1540,1565]" page="14" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BEBF3078FB6BF986" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[1015,1190,1540,1565]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 14</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF305FFC47F9A0" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,906,1571,1595]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF305FFC47F9A0" box="[151,906,1571,1595]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF305FFE3AF9A0" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,503,1571,1595]" page="164" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF305FFE3AF9A0" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 164" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,503,1571,1595]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="dianae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF305FFEEDF9A0" box="[151,288,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia dianae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC6F305FFE3AF9A0" author="Mulsant, E." box="[295,503,1571,1595]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 164</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Crotch 1874: 127; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF9E305FFC4BF9A0" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[726,902,1571,1595]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF9E305FFC4BF9A0" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[726,902,1571,1595]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF303EFC80F9C1" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,845,1602,1626]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF303EFC80F9C1" box="[151,845,1602,1626]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF303EFDB5F9C1" authority="Crotch, 1874: 127" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,632,1602,1626]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="variety" species="dianae" variety="saundersii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF303EFEEDF9C1" box="[151,288,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia dianae</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BC1A303EFE71F9C1" box="[338,444,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">saundersii</emphasis>
Crotch, 1874: 127
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BFDE303EFC84F9C1" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[662,841,1602,1626]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BFDE303EFC84F9C1" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[662,841,1602,1626]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF301CFBC5F9E2" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,1032,1632,1657]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF301CFBC5F9E2" box="[151,1032,1632,1657]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF301CFDDDF9E3" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,528,1632,1656]" page="164" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF301CFDDDF9E3" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 164" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,528,1632,1656]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="brahmae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF301CFEF8F9E3" box="[151,309,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia brahmae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC74301CFDDDF9E3" author="Mulsant, E." box="[316,528,1632,1656]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 164</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF52301CFD4DF9E2" author="Mulsant, E." box="[538,640,1632,1657]" page="189" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF52301CFD4DF9E2" author="Mulsant, E." box="[538,640,1632,1657]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 189</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BFE2301CFD21F9E3" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[682,748,1632,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BFE2301CFD21F9E3" box="[682,748,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE59301CFBC9F9E2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[785,1028,1632,1657]" page="278" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE59301CFBC9F9E2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[785,1028,1632,1657]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 278</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF3003FC7AF90C" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,951,1663,1687]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF3003FC7AF90C" box="[151,951,1663,1687]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF3003FE32F90C" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,511,1663,1687]" page="165" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF3003FE32F90C" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 165" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,511,1663,1687]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="gustavi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3003FEE9F90C" box="[151,292,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia gustavi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC633003FE32F90C" author="Mulsant, E." box="[299,511,1663,1687]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 165</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF413003FDA2F90C" author="Mulsant, E." box="[521,623,1663,1687]" page="190" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF413003FDA2F90C" author="Mulsant, E." box="[521,623,1663,1687]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BFD23003FD11F90C" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[666,732,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BFD23003FD11F90C" box="[666,732,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE493003FC79F90C" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[769,948,1663,1687]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE493003FC79F90C" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[769,948,1663,1687]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF30E2FB55F92D" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,1176,1694,1718]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF30E2FB55F92D" box="[151,1176,1694,1718]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF30E2FDECF92D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,545,1694,1718]" page="167" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF30E2FDECF92D" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 167" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="167" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,545,1694,1718]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="montivaga">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF30E2FE8BF92E" box="[151,326,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia montivaga</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC0530E2FDECF92D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[333,545,1694,1718]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 167</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF6330E2FD5CF92D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[555,657,1694,1718]" page="191" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF6330E2FD5CF92D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[555,657,1694,1718]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 191</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BFF330E2FD30F92D" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[699,765,1694,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BFF330E2FD30F92D" box="[699,765,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Crotch 1874: 127; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BEAC30E2FB59F92D" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[996,1172,1694,1718]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BEAC30E2FB59F92D" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[996,1172,1694,1718]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF30C0FC0CF94F" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,961,1724,1749]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF30C0FC0CF94F" box="[151,961,1724,1749]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF30C0FDC4F94F" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,521,1724,1748]" page="169" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1853">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF30C0FDC4F94F" authority="Mulsant, 1853 a: 169" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,521,1724,1748]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="testacea">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF30C0FEE3F94F" box="[151,302,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia testacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC7D30C0FDC4F94F" author="Mulsant, E." box="[309,521,1724,1748]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="129 - 333" refId="ref117902" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853 a) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, New Series, 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853a: 169</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF5B30C0FDB4F94E" author="Mulsant, E." box="[531,633,1724,1749]" page="192" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF5B30C0FDB4F94E" author="Mulsant, E." box="[531,633,1724,1749]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">1866: 192</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BFEB30C0FD28F94F" ID-CoL="6K9G" box="[675,741,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BFEB30C0FD28F94F" box="[675,741,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE4230C0FC70F94F" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[778,957,1724,1749]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE4230C0FC70F94F" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[778,957,1724,1749]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF30A7FC4CF968" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,897,1755,1779]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF30A7FC4CF968" box="[151,897,1755,1779]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF30A7FE20F968" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,493,1755,1779]" page="189" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF30A7FE20F968" authority="Mulsant, 1866: 189" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="189" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,493,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayeti">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF30A7FEE9F968" box="[151,292,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina mayeti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC6230A7FE20F968" author="Mulsant, E." box="[298,493,1755,1779]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">Mulsant, 1866: 189</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Crotch 1874: 127; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BF8630A7FCB0F968" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[718,893,1755,1779]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BF8630A7FCB0F968" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[718,893,1755,1779]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF3086FDA3F889" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,622,1786,1810]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF3086FDA6F889" authority="Crotch, 1874: 128" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,619,1786,1810]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="variety" species="mayeti" variety="perplexa">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3086FED2F88A" box="[151,287,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia mayeti</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BC193086FE67F889" box="[337,426,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">perplexa</emphasis>
Crotch, 1874: 128
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF3164FC60F8AB" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,941,1816,1841]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF3164FC60F8AB" box="[151,941,1816,1841]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF3164FDD7F8AB" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,538,1816,1840]" page="190" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF3164FDD7F8AB" authority="Mulsant, 1866: 190" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,538,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Pelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrinae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF3164FE82F8AB" box="[151,335,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Pelina zephyrinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC1D3164FDD7F8AB" author="Mulsant, E." box="[341,538,1816,1840]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">Mulsant, 1866: 190</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Crotch 1874: 128; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BFB13164FC64F8AB" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[761,937,1816,1841]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BFB13164FC64F8AB" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[761,937,1816,1841]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DA46B5BDDF314BFAD4F8D4" blockId="130.[151,1305,1479,1871]" box="[151,1305,1847,1871]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14DA46B5BDDF314BFAD4F8D4" box="[151,1305,1847,1871]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BDDF314BFDC7F8D4" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,522,1847,1871]" page="200" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BDDF314BFDC7F8D4" authority="Mulsant, 1866: 200" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,522,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Neda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bayaderae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BDDF314BFEF3F8D4" box="[151,318,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Neda bayaderae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BC0C314BFDC7F8D4" author="Mulsant, E." box="[324,522,1847,1871]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">Mulsant, 1866: 200</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Crotch 1874: 127 (as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DA46B5BE4D314BFC8EF8D4" ID-CoL="37NS" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" box="[773,835,1847,1871]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Balliaceae" genus="Ballia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Balliales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DA46B5BE4D314BFC8EF8D4" box="[773,835,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Ballia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5BE2F314BFB96F8D4" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[871,1115,1847,1871]" page="278" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5BE2F314BFB96F8D4" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[871,1115,1847,1871]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 278</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514DA46B5B92D314BFAD8F8D4" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[1125,1301,1847,1871]" page="15" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DA46B5B92D314BFAD8F8D4" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[1125,1301,1847,1871]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref113038" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1987) A catalogue of the Crotch collection of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, 3, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1987">Gordon 1987: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14DB46B4BDDF31EBFC02F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" startId="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[262,1323,188,1912]" targetPageId="131" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DB46B4BDDF31EBFC02F848" blockId="131.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DB46B4BDDF31EBFEECF834" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">FIGURE 90.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DB46B4BC6131E4FDADF82B" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[297,608,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DB46B4BC6131E4FE3DF82B" box="[297,496,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
: a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14DC46B3BDDF339CFCE0FA63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261803" box="[151,813,1504,1528]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261803/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" startId="132.[151,250,1504,1528]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1480]" targetPageId="132" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DC46B3BDDF339CFCE0FA63" blockId="132.[151,813,1504,1528]" box="[151,813,1504,1528]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BDDF339CFEEDFA63" bold="true" box="[151,288,1504,1528]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 91.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DC46B3BC6E339DFD95FA63" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[294,600,1504,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BC6E339DFE21FA63" box="[294,492,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
, polymorphic forms.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14DC46B3BDDF3036FB1FF8A7" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DC46B3BDDF3036FB1FF8A7" blockId="132.[151,1437,1610,2033]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BDDF3036FEDFF9FF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1610,1636]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length: 
<quantity id="4C965D9114DC46B3BC303036FDE1F9FE" box="[376,556,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="6.5">6.50–10.50 mm</quantity>
; width: 
<quantity id="4C965D9114DC46B3BFC03036FCE3F9FE" box="[648,814,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="6.7" valueMax="7.7" valueMin="5.7">5.70–7.70 mm</quantity>
. Form broad oval, dorsum convex and glabrous. Elytra pale yellowish brown, nominate form (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BF053012FD7CF912" box="[589,689,1646,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="132.[151,250,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-20@132.[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetPageId="132" captionText="FIGURE 91. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), polymorphic forms." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261803/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 91c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BFF53012FD29F913" box="[701,740,1646,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,194,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-20@134.[161,1426,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 93. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a, b. eggs; c. early stage larva; d. full grown larva; e. pupa; f. adult, nominate form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261816/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">93f</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BFB93013FCF5F913" box="[753,824,1646,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 94" captionStartId="135.[151,250,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetId="figure-15@135.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="FIGURE 94. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a–e. larva; f. pupa; g, h. adult, nominate form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261822/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<quantity id="4C965D9114DC46B3BFB93013FCD0F912" box="[753,797,1647,1673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.4" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" unit="g" value="94.0">94g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
) pale yellowish with 4–5 black spots on elytra; elytral pattern highly variable (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BCEB30EEFDEFF937" box="[419,546,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[262,1323,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@131.[253,1334,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 90. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant): a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 90a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BF6630EFFD81F936" box="[558,588,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="132.[151,250,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-20@132.[151,1435,181,1480]" captionTargetPageId="132" captionText="FIGURE 91. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), polymorphic forms." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261803/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">91</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BF1030EFFDBAF936" box="[600,631,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="133.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-15@133.[151,1435,181,1852]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURE 92. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), polymorphic forms." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261807/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">92</figureCitation>
), elytral variations include yellow without black spots, yellow with pale brown spots, pale brown with creamy yellow spots, yellow with basal two-thirds black, dark reddish brown with black lateral borders and other intermediate forms. Abdominal ventrite 5 and 6 emarginate in male, that of female medially projecting backwards and subtruncate, respectively. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete with a curved associated line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BC03315EFE61F8A6" box="[331,428,1826,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[262,1323,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@131.[253,1334,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 90. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant): a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 90c</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BF26315EFD3DF8A7" box="[622,752,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[262,1323,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@131.[253,1334,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 90. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant): a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 90e–h</figureCitation>
), and spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BE86315EFBE0F8A7" box="[974,1069,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[262,1323,188,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-15@131.[253,1334,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 90. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant): a, b. adult, dorsal view; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261801/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 90d</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14DC46B3BD8F313BFC86F8FB" box="[199,843,1862,1889]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DC46B3BD8F313BFC86F8FB" blockId="132.[151,1437,1610,2033]" box="[199,843,1862,1889]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BD8F313BFE5BF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,406,1863,1889]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Life stages (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BF6D313AFDB1F8FA" box="[549,636,1862,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,194,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-20@134.[161,1426,181,1864]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 93. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a, b. eggs; c. early stage larva; d. full grown larva; e. pupa; f. adult, nominate form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261816/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 93</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114DC46B3BFC0313BFD68F8FA" box="[648,677,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 94" captionStartId="135.[151,250,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetId="figure-15@135.[151,1435,181,1277]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="FIGURE 94. Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant), life stages: a–e. larva; f. pupa; g, h. adult, nominate form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261822/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">94</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14DC46B3BD8F3116FC28F86B" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DC46B3BD8F3116FC28F86B" blockId="132.[151,1437,1610,2033]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BD8F3116FEACF81F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1898,1924]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DC46B3BC263116FE61F81F" box="[366,428,1898,1924]" name="India" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">India</collectingCountry>
: Very common in northeastern and northwestern region (
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3B9123116FAF7F81F" box="[1114,1338,1898,1924]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3B8013117FA55F81E" box="[1353,1432,1899,1925]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Assam</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BDDF31F2FEA4F833" box="[151,361,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BF1431F2FD73F833" box="[604,702,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Manipur</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BF8331F2FC87F833" box="[715,842,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BE1F31F2FC0CF833" box="[855,961,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BE8531F2FBF6F833" box="[973,1083,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3B90031F2FB51F833" box="[1096,1180,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3B9E031F2FB33F833" box="[1192,1278,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Tripura</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3B84331F2FA55F833" box="[1291,1432,1934,1960]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BDDF31CFFEFBF857" box="[151,310,1970,1997]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
); Himalayas; 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DC46B3BC9931CEFDF9F857" box="[465,564,1970,1996]" name="Pakistan" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DC46B3BF7731CEFD5EF857" box="[575,659,1970,1996]" name="Bhutan" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DC46B3BFE831CEFD2AF857" box="[672,743,1970,1996]" name="Nepal" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. Introduced in the 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DC46B3BEF131CFFC22F856" box="[953,1007,1971,1997]" name="United States of America" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614DC46B3BEB731CEFB61F857" box="[1023,1196,1970,1996]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
) for the management of balsam woolly aphid (
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DC46B3BCE731AAFD3CF86B" authority="(Ratzeburg))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[431,753,2006,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DC46B3BCE731AAFD95F86B" box="[431,600,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Adelges piceae</emphasis>
(Ratzeburg))
</taxonomicName>
, but did not establish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14DD46B2BDDF3128FCE0F8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261807" box="[151,813,1876,1900]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261807/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" startId="133.[151,250,1876,1900]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1852]" targetPageId="133" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DD46B2BDDF3128FCE0F8F7" blockId="133.[151,813,1876,1900]" box="[151,813,1876,1900]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DD46B2BDDF3128FEEDF8F7" bold="true" box="[151,288,1876,1900]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 92.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DD46B2BC6E3129FD95F8F7" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[294,600,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DD46B2BC6E3129FE21F8F7" box="[294,492,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
, polymorphic forms.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14DE46B1BDDF3123FEF9F807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261816/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" startId="134.[151,250,1887,1911]" targetBox="[170,1414,194,1857]" targetPageId="134" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DE46B1BDDF3123FEF9F807" blockId="134.[151,1436,1887,1948]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DE46B1BDDF3123FEECF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1887,1911]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">FIGURE 93.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DE46B1BC61311CFD93F8E3" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[297,606,1888,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DE46B1BC61311CFE3DF8E3" box="[297,496,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a, b. eggs; c. early stage larva; d. full grown larva; e. pupa; f. adult, nominate form.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC14DF46B0BDDF3369FB64FAB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261822" box="[151,1193,1301,1326]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261822/files/figure.png" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" startId="135.[151,250,1301,1325]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1277]" targetPageId="135" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DF46B0BDDF3369FB64FAB6" blockId="135.[151,1193,1301,1326]" box="[151,1193,1301,1326]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF3369FEEDFAB6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1301,1325]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">FIGURE 94.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BC6E336AFD95FAB6" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" box="[294,600,1301,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BC6E336AFE21FAB6" box="[294,492,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Harmonia eucharis</emphasis>
(Mulsant)
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a–e. larva; f. pupa; g, h. adult, nominate form.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14DF46BFBD8F3305FF2DFF4E" lastPageId="136" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DF46B0BD8F3305FE44F928" blockId="135.[151,1437,1401,2039]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BD8F3305FE2AFA08" bold="true" box="[199,487,1401,1427]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
Aphidoidea: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BFCD3305FC5AFA08" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1763" box="[645,919,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFCD3305FD08FA08" box="[645,709,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Aphis</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFBE3305FCF9FA08" box="[758,820,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">fabae</emphasis>
Scopoli
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BEEE3305FB03FA08" authority="Glover" authorityName="Glover" box="[934,1230,1401,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BEEE3305FC2BFA08" box="[934,998,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Aphis</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B95F3306FBBEFA08" box="[1047,1139,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">gossypii</emphasis>
Glover
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9943305FF15FA2C" authority="Patch" authorityName="Patch" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiraecola">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9943305FA51FA08" box="[1244,1436,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Aphis spiraecola</emphasis>
Patch
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDAF33E1FD6CFA2C" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[231,673,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Brachycaudus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helichrysi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDAF33E1FDCDFA2C" box="[231,512,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Brachycaudus helichrysi</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BFF833E2FBF8FA2C" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[688,1077,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Brevicoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brassicae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFF833E2FC63FA2C" box="[688,942,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Brevicoryne brassicae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B90C33E1FA55FA2C" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1918" box="[1092,1432,1437,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cervaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B90C33E1FAD7FA2C" box="[1092,1306,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Cervaphis quercus</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF33BDFDDCFA40" authority="Basu" authorityName="Basu" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,529,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cervaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rappardi" subSpecies="indica">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF33BDFE07FA40" box="[151,458,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Cervaphis rappardi indica</emphasis>
Basu
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BF6833BDFD50FA40" box="[544,669,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cinara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BF6833BDFDA2FA40" box="[544,623,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Cinara</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFE633BDFCD6FA40" box="[686,795,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Dreyfusia</emphasis>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BE1B33BDFC61FA40" authorityName="Vallot" authorityYear="1836" box="[851,940,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BE1B33BDFC61FA40" box="[851,940,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Adelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BE8933BDFA54FA40" authority="(Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[961,1433,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knucheli">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BE8933BDFBEDFA40" box="[961,1056,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">knucheli</emphasis>
(Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF3399FEE3FA64" box="[151,302,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Dysaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF3399FF32FA64" box="[151,255,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Dysaphis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BC77339AFD0BFA64" authority="(Hausmann)" baseAuthorityName="Hausmann" box="[319,710,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Eriosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BC77339AFDE1FA64" box="[319,556,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Eriosoma lanigerum</emphasis>
(Hausmann)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BF9E3399FBE1FA64" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1919" box="[726,1068,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Eulachnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BF9E3399FC00FA64" box="[726,973,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Eulachnus thunbergii</emphasis>
Wilson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9743399FA54FA64" authority="(Geoffroy)" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1762" box="[1084,1433,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Hyalopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9743399FADDFA64" box="[1084,1296,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Hyalopterus pruni</emphasis>
(Geoffroy)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF3075FDBBF9B8" authority="Shinji" authorityName="Shinji" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,630,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoartemisiae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF3075FDE7F9B8" box="[151,554,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae</emphasis>
Shinji
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BFC93075FBF2F9B8" authority="(Shinji)" baseAuthorityName="Shinji" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[641,1087,1545,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Macrosiphoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yomogifoliae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFC93075FC2DF9B8" box="[641,992,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae</emphasis>
(Shinji)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9023075FF1FF9DC" authority="Ghosh et al." authorityName="Ghosh" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Mollitrichosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9023075FA80F9B8" box="[1098,1357,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Mollitrichosiphum alni</emphasis>
Ghosh 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF3052FF01F9DC" box="[151,204,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDAD3052FE30F9DC" authority="(Sulzer)" baseAuthorityName="Sulzer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[229,509,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDAD3052FE5BF9DC" box="[229,406,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Myzus persicae</emphasis>
(Sulzer)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BF443052FCE6F9DC" authority="Davidson" authorityName="Davidson" authorityYear="1912" box="[524,811,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varians">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BF443052FD7EF9DC" box="[524,691,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Myzus varians</emphasis>
Davidson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BE723052FC63F9DC" box="[826,942,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BE723052FC4FF9DC" box="[826,898,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Myzus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BEF63051FADDF9DC" authority="Passerini" authorityName="Passerini" authorityYear="1860" box="[958,1296,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Phorodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cannabis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BEF63051FB50F9DC" box="[958,1181,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Phorodon cannabis</emphasis>
Passerini
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B8563052FA5AF9DC" box="[1310,1431,1581,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B8563052FAA7F9DC" box="[1310,1386,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Pineus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF302DFD96F9F0" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[151,603,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Rhopalosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nymphaeae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF302DFE1EF9F0" box="[151,467,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BF24302DFBF1F9F0" authority="Ghosh. Associated" authorityName="Ghosh. Associated" box="[620,1084,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Tuberculatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BF24302DFC97F9F0" box="[620,858,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Tuberculatus indicus</emphasis>
Ghosh. Associated
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9CF302DFA50F9F0" authority="Koch." authorityName="Koch." box="[1159,1437,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craccivora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9CF302DFA81F9F0" box="[1159,1356,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Aphis craccivora</emphasis>
Koch.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF3009FEEAF914" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,295,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BC7A3009FC60F914" authority="Viraktamath (Ghorpade 1979 b)" authorityName="Viraktamath (Ghorpade" authorityYear="1979" box="[306,941,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Idioscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shillongensis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BC7A3009FD89F914" box="[306,580,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Idioscopus shillongensis</emphasis>
Viraktamath (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DF46B0BFAB3009FC68F914" author="Ghorpade, K. D." box="[739,933,1653,1679]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" pagination="113" refId="ref112744" refString="Ghorpade, K. D. (1979 b) Ballia eucharis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) breeding on Cicadellidae (Homoptera) at Shillong. Current Research, 8, 113." type="journal article" year="1979">Ghorpade 1979b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BEF03009FBE8F914" box="[952,1061,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9663009FAB8F914" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1070,1397,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9663009FB38F914" box="[1070,1269,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Eulecanium tiliae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF30E6FE48F928" authority="(Linnaeus))" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,389,1689,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryli">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF30E6FF3AF928" box="[151,247,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">E. coryli</emphasis>
(Linnaeus))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DF46B0BD8F30C1FF7AF8FC" blockId="135.[151,1437,1401,2039]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
Associated with aphids and/or scales infesting apple, peach, plum, quince, apricot, almond, cherry and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B80D30C1FF74F960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Spiraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B80D30C1FA51F94C" box="[1349,1436,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Spiraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; adelgids infesting silver fir, blue pine, and spruce. Most prevalent in coniferous forests and oak farms in the northeastern region; associated with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BF753179FD15F884" box="[573,728,1797,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BF753179FD15F884" box="[573,728,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BFA03179FCBEF884" box="[744,883,1797,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFA03179FCBEF884" box="[744,883,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Alnus nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BECC3179FB89F884" authorityName="Canepari" authorityYear="2003" box="[900,1092,1797,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BECC3179FB89F884" box="[900,1092,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Alnus nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B91D3179FAC5F884" box="[1109,1288,1797,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B91D3179FAC5F884" box="[1109,1288,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Quercus incana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B8513179FA58F884" box="[1305,1429,1797,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B8513179FA58F884" box="[1305,1429,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Q. dilatata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BDDF3156FE9BF8D8" box="[151,342,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyantha">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BDDF3156FE9BF8D8" box="[151,342,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Litsea polyantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BC2F3155FDBEF8D8" box="[359,627,1833,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Clerodendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BC2F3155FDBEF8D8" box="[359,627,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Clerodendron viscosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BFCC3156FCD1F8D8" baseAuthorityName="Devi" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[644,796,1833,1859]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasya">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BFCC3156FCD1F8D8" box="[644,796,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Pinus khasya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0BE643155FC32F8D8" box="[812,1023,1833,1859]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Artemiidae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anostraca" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BE643155FC32F8D8" box="[812,1023,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Artemisia vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B9583155FAC2F8D8" box="[1040,1295,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquorum">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B9583155FAC2F8D8" box="[1040,1295,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Colocasia antiquorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714DF46B0B8033156FF7AF8FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0B8033156FA51F8D8" box="[1355,1436,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Prunus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414DF46B0BD8F310DFE88F86C" blockId="135.[151,1437,1401,2039]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614DF46B0BD8F310DFE05F810" bold="true" box="[199,456,1905,1931]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Active during late March–August in north and northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414DF46B0B9E6310DFB26F810" box="[1198,1259,1905,1931]" name="India" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">India</collectingCountry>
. Has only one generation per year; adults hibernate during winter months in northwestern region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DF46B0B92A31E9FA5DF834" author="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A." box="[1122,1424,1941,1967]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" pagination="58 - 88" refId="ref118026" refString="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (1972) Ecology and biology of predators. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. In: Rao, V. P. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (Eds.), Studies on predators of Adelges spp. in the Himalayas. Miscellaneous Publication No. 3. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Indian Statio, pp. 58 - 88" type="book chapter" year="1972">Nagarkatti &amp; Ghani 1972</bibRefCitation>
). Abundant on various species of aphids during October–November in northwestern and northeastern regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514DF46B0B81131C5FEF5F86C" author="Singh, K. C. &amp; Singh, T. K." pageId="135" pageNumber="136" pagination="186 - 189" refId="ref122604" refString="Singh, K. C. &amp; Singh, T. K. (1988) The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Mizoram. Bulletin of Entomology, 29 (2), 186 - 189." type="journal article" year="1988">Singh &amp; Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D046BFBD8F36EBFF2DFF4E" blockId="136.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFBD8F36EBFE5AFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,407,150,177]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D046BFBCEC36EBFCEDFF2A" authority="Colyes" authorityName="Colyes" box="[420,800,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Phalacrotophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indiana">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFBCEC36EBFD0BFF2A" box="[420,710,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Phalacrotophora indiana</emphasis>
Colyes
</taxonomicName>
and an indeterminate nematode (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFB9F936EBFF1EFF4E" author="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A." pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="58 - 88" refId="ref118026" refString="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (1972) Ecology and biology of predators. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. In: Rao, V. P. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (Eds.), Studies on predators of Adelges spp. in the Himalayas. Miscellaneous Publication No. 3. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Indian Statio, pp. 58 - 88" type="book chapter" year="1972">Nagarkatti &amp; Ghani 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14D046BFBD8F36A3FC38FD82" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D046BFBD8F36A3FCF9FEFE" blockId="136.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFBD8F36A3FEDCFF62" bold="true" box="[199,273,223,249]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Notes.</emphasis>
It is highly polymorphic, as evident from the numerous varieties and synonyms. Numerous colour variants are found in nature and one variant is strikingly similar to a form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714D046BFB95D377FFB11FE86" box="[1045,1244,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimnotata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFB95D377FFB11FE86" box="[1045,1244,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">H. sedecimnotata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.) (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114D046BFB855377FFA5DFE86" box="[1309,1424,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 102b</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBDDF375BFEE3FEDA" author="Ghani, M. A." box="[151,302,295,321]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref112560" refString="Ghani, M. A. (1962) A note on the identity of some species of the genus Ballia (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 31, 7 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1962. tb 01193. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Ghani (1962)</bibRefCitation>
carried out breeding experiments and found that the various morphs interbred freely and concluded they were only varieties or colour forms of a single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414D046BFBD8F3713FC38FD82" blockId="136.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
Its biology on adelgids was studied in detail by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBFA13713FBD0FE12" author="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A." box="[745,1053,367,393]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="58 - 88" refId="ref118026" refString="Nagarkatti, S. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (1972) Ecology and biology of predators. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae. In: Rao, V. P. &amp; Ghani, M. A. (Eds.), Studies on predators of Adelges spp. in the Himalayas. Miscellaneous Publication No. 3. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Indian Statio, pp. 58 - 88" type="book chapter" year="1972">Nagarkatti &amp; Ghani (1972)</bibRefCitation>
who described and illustrated the immature stages. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBC1737EFFE34FE36" author="Ghani, M. A." box="[351,505,403,429]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref112560" refString="Ghani, M. A. (1962) A note on the identity of some species of the genus Ballia (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 31, 7 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1962. tb 01193. x" type="journal article" year="1962">Ghani (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBF4F37EFFD07FE36" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[519,714,403,429]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFBF7537EFFDBDFE36" box="[573,624,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBE4B37EFFCBBFE36" author="Yu, G." box="[771,886,403,429]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated some of the common colour morphs. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBDDF37CBFE7AFE4A" author="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T." box="[151,439,439,465]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref118589" refString="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T. (1991) Larval chaetotaxy of three species of genus Harmonia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and phylogenetic relationship amongst its species. Elytron, 5, 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="1991">Phaloura &amp; Singh (1991)</bibRefCitation>
studied the larval chaetotaxy and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBE0A37CBFBAFFE4A" author="Singh, T. &amp; Phaloura, S. P. S." box="[834,1122,439,465]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref122641" refString="Singh, T. &amp; Phaloura, S. P. S. (1990) A field key to the larvae of four species of genus Harmonia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 14, 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1990">Singh &amp; Phaloura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
provided a field key to the larval stages. Details of its biology, hosts and predatory potential are available in many publications (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFB87F37A7FF3BFD82" author="Ghosh, A. K. &amp; Lahiri, A. R. &amp; Biswas, S." pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="129 - 130" refId="ref112777" refString="Ghosh, A. K., Lahiri, A. R. &amp; Biswas, S. (1976) Preliminary observation on the development of a predaceous lady-bird beetle Ballia eucharis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Newsletter, Zoological Survey of India, 2, 129 - 130." type="journal article" year="1976">
Ghosh 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFB8C037A7FF60FD82" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. 1976
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBC4A3783FE0CFD82" author="Ghorpade, K. D." box="[258,449,511,537]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="113" refId="ref112744" refString="Ghorpade, K. D. (1979 b) Ballia eucharis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) breeding on Cicadellidae (Homoptera) at Shillong. Current Research, 8, 113." type="journal article" year="1979">Ghorpade 1979b</bibRefCitation>
; Chakrabarti 
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614D046BFBF1F3783FD45FD82" box="[599,648,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. 1995; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514D046BFBF953783FC24FD82" author="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T." box="[733,1001,511,537]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="246 - 249" refId="ref118634" refString="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T. (1993) Biological observations on three species of aphidophagous coccinellids of genus Harmonia Mulsant. Journal of Insect Science, 6, 246 - 249." type="journal article" year="1993">Phaloura &amp; Singh 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>