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<mods:title id="282395DCA37F3874568D1F6F866F5300">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416214C946A6BDDF358BFCDCF870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214C946A6BDDF358BFCDCF870" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214C946A6BDDF358BFCDCF870" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BDDF358BFD96FB8B" box="[151,603,1014,1041]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF358BFD96FB8B" blockId="145.[151,603,1014,1077]" box="[151,603,1014,1041]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D099471814C946A6BDDF358BFD96FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,603,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF358BFD96FB8B" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,603,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimnotata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF358BFD96FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,603,1014,1041]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF358BFE04FB8A" bold="true" box="[151,457,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Harmonia sedecimnotata</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BDDF3267FE8EFBAE" box="[151,323,1051,1077]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF3267FE8EFBAE" blockId="145.[151,603,1014,1077]" box="[151,323,1051,1077]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BDD73267FEC9FBAE" box="[159,260,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Figs 102</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BC583267FEF6FBAE" box="[272,315,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@147.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 103. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g, h. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261860/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">103</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BDDF3223FC25FB48" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF3223FC45FBEC" blockId="145.[151,1074,1119,1235]" box="[151,904,1119,1143]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF3223FDB8FBEC" authority="Fabricius, 1801: 370" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="370" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,629,1119,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimnotata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF3223FE50FBEC" box="[151,413,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Coccinella sedecimnotata</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA2914C946A6BCEC3223FDB8FBEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052327" box="[420,629,1119,1143]" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1">Fabricius, 1801: 370</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614C946A6BFCA3223FD7BFBEC" box="[642,694,1119,1143]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BE5E3223FCB0FBEC" box="[790,893,1119,1143]" name="Indonesia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF3202FDEBFB0D" blockId="145.[151,1074,1119,1235]" box="[151,550,1150,1174]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14C946A6BDDF3202FDEBFB0D" box="[151,550,1150,1174]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF3202FE9FFB0D" box="[151,338,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Daulis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF3202FE9FFB0D" box="[151,338,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Daulis 16—notata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514C946A6BC173202FDECFB0D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[351,545,1150,1174]" page="296" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" year="1850">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BC173202FDECFB0D" author="Mulsant, E." box="[351,545,1150,1174]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 296</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF32E0FBFFFB2F" blockId="145.[151,1074,1119,1235]" box="[151,1074,1180,1205]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14C946A6BDDF32E0FBFFFB2F" box="[151,1074,1180,1205]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF32E0FD98FB2F" authority=": Crotch 1874: 161" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,597,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Callineda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimnotata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF32E0FE5EFB2F" box="[151,403,1180,1204]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Callineda sedecimnotata</emphasis>
: Crotch 1874: 161
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514C946A6BF2832E0FC82FB2E" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[608,847,1180,1205]" page="282" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BF2832E0FC82FB2E" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[608,847,1180,1205]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 282</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Bielawski 1959: 156.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF32C0FC25FB48" blockId="145.[151,1074,1119,1235]" box="[151,1000,1211,1235]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14C946A6BDDF32C0FC25FB48" box="[151,1000,1211,1235]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514C946A6BDDF32C0FDB6FB48" author="Timberlake, P. H." box="[151,635,1211,1235]" page="18" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" year="1943">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BDDF32C0FDB6FB48" authority=": Timberlake 1943: 18" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,635,1211,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimnotata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF32C0FE55FB48" box="[151,408,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Harmonia sedecimnotata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BCED32C7FDB6FB48" author="Timberlake, P. H." box="[421,635,1211,1235]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref123429" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1943) The Coccinellidae or lady beetles of the Koebele collection - Part I. Hawaiian Planters' Record, 47, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1943">Timberlake 1943: 18</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514C946A6BFCE32C7FC82FB48" author="Poorani, J." box="[646,847,1211,1235]" page="332" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BFCE32C7FC82FB48" author="Poorani, J." box="[646,847,1211,1235]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 332</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514C946A6BE1132C0FC29FB48" author="Yu, G." box="[857,996,1211,1235]" page="123" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BE1132C0FC29FB48" author="Yu, G." box="[857,996,1211,1235]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu 2010: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BDDF337DFEC2FA54" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BDDF337DFEC2FA54" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BDDF337DFEDFFA80" bold="true" box="[151,274,1281,1307]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length: 6.00–7.00 mm; width: 5.00–
<quantity id="4C965D9114C946A6BF99337DFCF3FA87" box="[721,830,1281,1308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.30 mm</quantity>
. Form (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BED7337DFBFFFA80" box="[927,1074,1281,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 102a, b</figureCitation>
) elongate, moderately convex. Ground colour ochraceous yellow to yellowish brown. Pronotum with a pair of black spots, one on either side of middle. Each elytron with eight black spots, arranged in a 2-3-2-1 pattern, rarely elytral spots much larger in size (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BDD73311FEDDFA1C" box="[159,272,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 102b</figureCitation>
), resembling a variant of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BF673312FD7FFA1C" box="[559,690,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Harmonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucharis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF673312FD7FFA1C" box="[559,690,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">H. eucharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ventral side uniformly yellowish. Abdominal postcoxal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6B8273311FF02FA30" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 102c</figureCitation>
) incomplete, with an associated oblique line. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BECB33EDFC39FA30" box="[899,1012,1425,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 102d</figureCitation>
) and male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6B9A133EDFAB9FA30" box="[1257,1396,1425,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 102" captionStartId="146.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,185,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-20@146.[257,1330,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURE 102. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius):a.adult, nominate form; b. adult, variant similar to H.eucharis; c. abdominal postcoxal line; d. spermatheca; e–h. male genitalia: e. tegmen, lateral view; f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261856/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 102e–h</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F33A5FEB4F98C" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F33A5FEB4F98C" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F33A5FE58FA68" bold="true" box="[199,405,1497,1523]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Larva (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6BCA433A5FDB9FA68" box="[492,628,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@147.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 103. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g, h. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261860/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 103a–d</figureCitation>
) yellow with black maculae; pupa (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114C946A6B94B33A5FB4BFA68" box="[1027,1158,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 103" captionStartId="147.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@147.[179,1408,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="147" captionText="FIGURE 103. Harmonia sedecimnotata (Fabricius), life stages: a–d. larva; e, f. pupa; g, h. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261860/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 103e, f</figureCitation>
) creamy white or yellow with black maculae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F305DFE09F918" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F305DFE09F918" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F305DFEACF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,353,1569,1595]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BC27305DFE60F9A0" box="[367,429,1569,1595]" name="India" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">India</collectingCountry>
: Common in northeastern region (
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BE18305DFBFFF9A0" box="[848,1074,1569,1595]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B90A305EFB5CF9A7" box="[1090,1169,1570,1596]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Assam</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B9EC305DFACBF9A0" box="[1188,1286,1569,1595]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Manipur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6B851305DFA55F9A0" box="[1305,1432,1569,1595]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BDDF3039FEC8F9C4" box="[151,261,1605,1631]" country="India" name="Nagaland" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Nagaland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BC5A3039FEABF9C4" box="[274,358,1605,1631]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BC393039FE0AF9C4" box="[369,455,1605,1631]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Tripura</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BC9C303AFDBFF9C4" box="[468,626,1605,1632]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BF363039FCC6F9C4" box="[638,779,1605,1631]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614C946A6BE5F303AFC67F9C4" box="[791,938,1605,1632]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BEF73039FBC8F9C4" box="[959,1029,1605,1631]" name="Nepal" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Nepal</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B95A3039FBABF9C4" box="[1042,1126,1605,1631]" name="Bhutan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B93B3039FB74F9C4" box="[1139,1209,1605,1631]" name="China" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">China</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B98D3039FAD6F9C4" box="[1221,1307,1605,1631]" name="Taiwan" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6B8603039FA54F9C4" box="[1320,1433,1605,1631]" name="Indonesia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BDDF3015FECCF918" box="[151,257,1641,1667]" name="Malaysia" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
; The
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414C946A6BC773015FE0CF918" box="[319,449,1641,1667]" name="Philippines" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F30F1FC2EF8C0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F30F1FE5BF8AC" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F30F1FE2FF93C" bold="true" box="[199,482,1677,1703]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BCAF30F1FD36F93C" authority=": Aphidoidea" authorityName="Aphidoidea" box="[487,763,1677,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hemiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BCAF30F1FDA5F93C" bold="true" box="[487,616,1677,1703]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Hemiptera</emphasis>
: Aphidoidea
</taxonomicName>
:Associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BEF230F1FB77F93C" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[954,1210,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craccivora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BEF230F1FBB5F93C" box="[954,1144,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Aphis craccivora</emphasis>
Koch
</taxonomicName>
infestation on
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B81430F1FF74F957" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B81430F1FA51F93C" box="[1372,1436,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Alnus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BD8030CDFDACF957" authority="Ghosh et al." authorityName="Ghosh" box="[200,609,1713,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Mollitrichosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8030CDFE00F950" box="[200,461,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Mollitrichosiphum alni</emphasis>
Ghosh
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF6030CEFD96F950" box="[552,603,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BF3A30CEFC48F950" authority="(Sulzer)" baseAuthorityName="Sulzer" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[626,901,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF3A30CEFCEFF950" box="[626,802,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Myzus persicae</emphasis>
(Sulzer)
</taxonomicName>
and eggs of Angoumois grain moth (
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B87D30CEFE93F974" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Sitotroga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerealella">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B87D30CEFECBF974" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Sitotroga cerealella</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
) have been used as laboratory hosts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BFB330A9FC76F974" author="Semyanov, V. P." box="[763,955,1749,1775]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref122030" refString="Semyanov, V. P. (2000) The biology of the coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Southeast Asia. II. Harmonia sedecimnotata (F.). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79, 3 - 9. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2000">Semyanov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Found feeding on aphids infesting
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6B81830A9FE78F888" authority="(Sajan et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Sajan" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6B81830A9FF16F888" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BDA23085FE60F888" author="Sajan K. C. &amp; Vetrovec, J. &amp; Kafle, K." box="[234,429,1785,1811]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref121067" refString="Sajan K. C., Vetrovec, J. &amp; Kafle, K. (2019) Lady beetles of Nepal (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinellinae from the fields at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. International Journal of Entomology Research, 4 (4), 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">
Sajan
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC793086FEA4F888" box="[305,361,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Associated with aphids on okra, eggplant, tomato, guava, chillies, and ornamental plants (Boopathi
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BC463162FE8BF8AC" box="[270,326,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
2020).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F313DFC2EF8C0" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" box="[199,995,1857,1884]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F313DFE0CF8C0" bold="true" box="[199,449,1857,1883]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Collected during June from northeastern region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14C946A6BD8F3119FCDCF870" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414C946A6BD8F3119FCDCF870" blockId="145.[151,1437,1281,2028]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BD8F3119FEDCF8E4" bold="true" box="[199,273,1893,1919]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Notes.</emphasis>
Bielawski (1959),
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BCAD3119FD6CF81B" author="Miyatake, M." box="[485,673,1893,1920]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="50 - 74" refId="ref117611" refString="Miyatake, M. (1965) Some Coccinellidae (excluding Scymnini) of Formosa (Coleoptera). Special Bulletin of the Lepidopterists' Society of Japan, 1, 50 - 74." type="journal article" year="1965">Miyatake (1965)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BFE4311AFCA7F8E4" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[684,874,1893,1920]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BFA8311AFCDDF8E4" box="[736,784,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BEEA311AFBDFF8E4" author="Yu, G." box="[930,1042,1893,1920]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
provided descriptive accounts with illustrations.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BC6331F5FD84F838" author="Singh, T. &amp; Phaloura, S. P. S." box="[299,585,1929,1955]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref122641" refString="Singh, T. &amp; Phaloura, S. P. S. (1990) A field key to the larvae of four species of genus Harmonia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 14, 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1990">Singh &amp; Phaloura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
provided a field key to the larva.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6BE8731F5FB20F838" author="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T." box="[975,1261,1929,1955]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="246 - 249" refId="ref118634" refString="Phaloura, S. P. S. &amp; Singh, T. (1993) Biological observations on three species of aphidophagous coccinellids of genus Harmonia Mulsant. Journal of Insect Science, 6, 246 - 249." type="journal article" year="1993">Phaloura &amp; Singh (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514C946A6B86E31F5FF2FF85C" author="Semyanov, V. P." pageId="145" pageNumber="146" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref122030" refString="Semyanov, V. P. (2000) The biology of the coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Southeast Asia. II. Harmonia sedecimnotata (F.). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 79, 3 - 9. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2000">Semyanov (2000)</bibRefCitation>
studied its biology. Boopathi
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF7031D2FDBFF85C" box="[568,626,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">et al.</emphasis>
(2020) studied its biology and life table and found it to be a promising predator for controlling the cotton aphid,
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614C946A6BF2F31ADFCDCF870" box="[615,785,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714C946A6BF2F31ADFCC0F870" box="[615,781,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">Aphis gossypii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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