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<document id="38772B930AC671D7EAFD748FFE1E56EB" ID-CLB-Dataset="22181" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.477" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c447a6b6-36b5-40de-ab76-80a9c7d96d3a" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825218" ID-ZooBank="935D0B09-0508-4771-9575-28C1FE761383" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589391210860" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Read, Helen J. &amp; Enghoff, Henrik" docDate="2018" docId="03C3A16F9026FFD7F05FFC01FAB019E6" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-477_read_enghoff.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 477" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Columbianum adisi Read &amp; Enghoff, 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F5FF2BE1-3EDB-4288-BF21-4CB25E8D9EF5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFFAD9179037FFC2F22DFF86FF911806" masterDocTitle="Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698839485074" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="30F0901C3D440F366ECE65C7CFE85CDA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FE1FB3AC51A8E4453113848DE7224F6D">
<mods:title id="5BE31C28B651F0CDE922F78D61227720">Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="00DD30DD3509B9C5C666E83B81CAB491" type="personal">
<mods:role id="671B0EE697BA13A8BB18224201BFBA6E">
<mods:roleTerm id="B7F89A9694A026836BCE612C42CA7EB3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33C7E37C5D323897CC14E9130E3E1C57">Read, Helen J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="272050CEA627C6AD7D902B2E7067BC8B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="20E5344EA23E738E7C6AA381DB490526">
<mods:roleTerm id="A56B520034B8622E80ECD11AFA3DF7F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0C43A33993AAA078C39D268F873624D4">Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8F9E1BE4AD9862D97E4814AA01B38F3E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D550810AE8F3F2ED99AFDD7E5EB1AD1E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="62CD6FEB3F7D5DEE74E7B24EA81E745F">
<mods:title id="7ECB8D424AA321CD9889BB01099E81C3">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FC4B74839148520B75420A0AF7A50279">
<mods:date id="4C39671D4AA5EFC202732BFFF5342FE1">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FBF1EC20D52A7A782EE1F652FBC9DB42" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="783D88D35387119F9AA474D1B040BD7D">2018-11-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="85BD7B043D49D8E1FEDC59F25EB2FCF3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="60B7E62E33B5B3A8FCE1220A2EAAA229">477</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="DFBE34CB16CED66CCBE12DF1202181E6" unit="page">
<mods:start id="45BE875329A71EC0613475BD292479D1">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A953EAC610739D353CD518823B1DBAD0">23</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F870B8D996003E75F8B8FA520E1042A8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A8CBF40671790B361709D5ED4F5794A5" type="CLB-Dataset">22181</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="168FAA23B8A808F45073A3CD389E3741" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.477</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C46684346195F82D103FC88A33A7B1F" type="GBIF-Dataset">c447a6b6-36b5-40de-ab76-80a9c7d96d3a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AFF892FD1DCD09E0674B28AE631395C4" type="Zenodo-Dep">3825218</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3AFA066EC66602F6A6D5E4AC13B628E6" type="ZooBank">935D0B09-0508-4771-9575-28C1FE761383</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C3A16F9026FFD7F05FFC01FAB019E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3845977" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3845977" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5FF2BE1-3EDB-4288-BF21-4CB25E8D9EF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3A16F9026FFD7F05FFC01FAB019E6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C37043F29026FFD3F05FFC01FB591BC0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F05FFC01FC531BA4" blockId="17.[363,1224,903,1000]" box="[626,962,903,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D09DA7159026FFD3F05FFC01FC531BA4" box="[626,962,903,930]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9026FFD3F05FFC01FCF11BA4" ID-CoL="8Q8T7" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[626,864,903,930]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F05FFC01FCF11BA4" bold="true" box="[626,864,903,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Columbianum adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109026FFD3F145FC0EFC531BA4" box="[872,962,904,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F346FC2DFB591BC0" blockId="17.[363,1224,903,1000]" box="[363,1224,939,966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<uri id="FFFB1C7B9026FFD3F346FC2DFB591BC0" box="[363,1224,939,966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFCC2AAC9026FFD3F0A2FC2DFB591BC0" box="[655,1224,939,966]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F5FF2BE1-3EDB-4288-BF21-4CB25E8D9EF5</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37043F29026FFD3F0CAFC48FCDC1BEE" box="[743,845,974,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F0CAFC48FCDC1BEE" blockId="17.[363,1224,903,1000]" box="[743,845,974,1000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9026FFD3F0CAFC48FCA11BEE" box="[743,816,974,1000]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,344,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1393,333,1873]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 1. Body width (mm) against the total number of tergites with legs for new species of Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941. A. Males. B. Females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825220/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9026FFD3F113FC48FCDC1BEE" box="[830,845,974,1000]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37043F29026FFD3F290FB89FABD1D0E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290FB89FEA71C2F" blockId="17.[189,310,1039,1065]" box="[189,310,1039,1065]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D09DA7159026FFD3F290FB89FEA71C2F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1039,1065]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F290FB89FEA71C2F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1039,1065]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290FBB8FABD1D0E" blockId="17.[189,1399,1086,1289]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Small thin species with a clear demarcation between head and rostrum both in lateral and dorsal views. Very rugose with more or less regular and sub-circular tubercles all over the head, metazonites and the channel between the pro- and metazonite, some of these being ‘anchor’-shaped from the side. Limbus with crenulations. Posterior edge to pleurites with saw-shaped teeth, only visible from certain orientations and perhaps due to the tubercles. Accessory claw robust and visible under light microscope. Anterior gonopods with ribbon-like setae on distal segment, posterior gonopods with a simple hyaline tip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37043F29026FFD3F290FAB6FCE81FAE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290FAB6FED51D4C" blockId="17.[189,324,1328,1354]" box="[189,324,1328,1354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D09DA7159026FFD3F290FAB6FED51D4C" bold="true" box="[189,324,1328,1354]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F290FAB6FED51D4C" bold="true" box="[189,324,1328,1354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290FAD8FC121D9D" blockId="17.[189,1399,1374,1436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Named in honour of the late Joachim Adis (
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F0E3FAD8FCC71D7F" box="[718,854,1374,1401]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1950" valueMax="2007">1950–2007</date>
) who carried out extensive work in Brazilian Amazonia and collected many of the specimens studied here
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290FA45FDC61DDB" blockId="17.[189,599,1473,1501]" box="[189,599,1473,1501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F290FA45FE1D1DDB" bold="true" box="[189,396,1475,1501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material studied</emphasis>
(11 ♂♂,
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09026FFD3F3D1FA45FDDA1DDB" box="[508,587,1475,1501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">18 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B021A249026FFD3F2C7FA74FC8A1E54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2617839303" collectingDate="1987-09-14" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3333333" location="Amazonas Province" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-60.283333" municipality="Lago Janmauri" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F2C7FA74FECD1E0A" blockId="17.[189,1398,1522,1618]" box="[234,348,1522,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F2C7FA74FECD1E0A" bold="true" box="[234,348,1522,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="54D1AEDB9026FFD3F2C7FA74FECD1E0A" box="[234,348,1522,1548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290F993FC8A1E54" blockId="17.[189,1398,1522,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="F37D50E99026FFD3F290F993FEBD1E29" box="[189,300,1557,1583]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: ♂,
<location id="8EB546A29026FFD3F34EF993FDC71E28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3A16F9026FFD7F05FFC01FAB019E6:8EB546A29026FFD3F34EF993FDC71E28" box="[355,598,1556,1583]" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.3333333" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-60.283333" municipality="Lago Janmauri" name="Amazonas Province" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Amazonas Province</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB18A039026FFD3F04BF993FC8F1E28" box="[614,798,1556,1583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lago Janmauri</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E76BE9026FFD3F103F993FC0D1E29" box="[814,924,1557,1583]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-3.3333333">03°20´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E76BE9026FFD3F180F992FBB41E29" box="[941,1061,1556,1583]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-60.283333">60°17´W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F618F993FB4A1E29" box="[1077,1243,1557,1583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-09-14">
<collectingDate id="EF90CF519026FFD3F618F993FB4A1E29" box="[1077,1243,1557,1583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-09-14">14 Sep. 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, agua mista, Kempson extractor K10-19, Adis
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F067F9BFFDEC1E54" box="[586,637,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED7B88BC9026FFD3F0EBF9BEFC9E1E54" box="[710,783,1592,1618]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">INPA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B021A249026FFD3F2C7F9FFFCBD1EB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2617839301" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" typeStatus="paratype">
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F2C7F9FFFECD1E95" blockId="17.[189,812,1657,1719]" box="[234,348,1657,1683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F2C7F9FFFECD1E95" bold="true" box="[234,348,1657,1683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<typeStatus id="54D1AEDB9026FFD3F2C7F9FFFECD1E95" box="[234,348,1657,1683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290F91BFCBD1EB1" blockId="17.[189,812,1657,1719]" box="[189,812,1692,1719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="F37D50E99026FFD3F290F91BFEBD1EB1" box="[189,300,1693,1719]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09026FFD3F31BF91BFEF31EB1" box="[310,354,1693,1719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, same data as for the
<typeStatus id="54D1AEDB9026FFD3F04CF91AFD591EB0" box="[609,712,1692,1718]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(INPA).
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F2C7F958FD171EFE" blockId="17.[189,1399,1756,1960]" box="[234,646,1756,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9026FFD3F2C7F958FE2A1EFE" bold="true" box="[234,443,1758,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other specimens</emphasis>
(10 ♂♂,
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09026FFD3F001F958FDEB1EFE" box="[556,634,1758,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">17 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799026FFD3F290F887FCE81FAE" blockId="17.[189,1399,1756,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Locality as above, BE↓50A:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F020F887FD051F1D" box="[525,660,1793,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-01-01">1 Jan. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F08DF887FCB31F1D" box="[672,802,1793,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-01">1 Jul. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F100F887FC2F1F1D" box="[813,958,1793,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-14">14 Jul. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F1E4F887FBCA1F1D" box="[969,1115,1793,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-31">31 Jul. 1987</date>
; BE↓50B:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F6F7F887FAE01F1D" box="[1242,1393,1793,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-06-15">15 Jun. 1988</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F290F8A2FED11F38" box="[189,320,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-01">1 Jul. 1987</date>
; BE↓50C:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F393F8A2FDC61F38" box="[446,599,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-04-17">17 Apr. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F04FF8A2FD751F38" box="[610,740,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-01">1 Jul. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F0C2F8A2FC101F38" box="[751,897,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-31">31 Jul. 1987</date>
; BE↓50D:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F62CF8A2FB131F38" box="[1025,1154,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-01">1 Jul. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F6A3F8A2FA8F1F38" box="[1166,1310,1828,1854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-14">14 Jul. 1987</date>
,
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F704F8A2FF6A1F64" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-07-31">31 Jul. 1987</date>
; BE↑49:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F344F8C1FD981F64" box="[361,521,1863,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-05-16">16 May 1988</date>
; Kempson extractors (K23-11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F157F8CEFB8A1F64" box="[890,1051,1864,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-03-14">14 Mar. 1988</date>
; K19-11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F6BDF8CEFABF1F64" box="[1168,1326,1863,1890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-02-14">14 Feb. 1988</date>
; K20- 11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F2C5F8EDFE121F83" box="[232,387,1899,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-02-14">14 Feb. 1988</date>
; K29-11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F3D8F8EDFD1F1F83" box="[501,654,1899,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-10-13">13 Oct. 1987</date>
; K20-11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F12DF8EDFC0F1F83" box="[768,926,1899,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1988-05-12">12 May 1988</date>
; K26-11:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F63DF8EDFB381F83" box="[1040,1193,1899,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-10-13">13 Oct. 1987</date>
; K11-29:
<date id="FFD436B99026FFD3F736F8EDFF691FAE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-11-14">14 Nov. 1987</date>
(split between INPA, ZMUM, NHMD and NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37043F29025FFD1F290FE8DFDF11F2F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD510799025FFD0F290FE8DFEDF1923" blockId="18.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D09DA7159025FFD0F290FE8DFEDF1923" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F290FE8DFEDF1923" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799025FFD0F290FEBCFB691971" blockId="18.[189,1399,312,375]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
MEASUREMENTS. Body length ♂:
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9025FFD0F01FFEBFFD591952" box="[562,712,313,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="16.25" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="10.0">10–22.5 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09025FFD0F0FFFEBCFD7B1952" box="[722,746,314,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: up to
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9025FFD0F118FEBFFC0E1952" box="[821,927,313,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
. Body width ♂:
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9025FFD0F676FEBFFA961952" box="[1115,1287,313,340]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="5.8999999999999995" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.7849999999999999" valueMax="0.98" valueMin="0.59">0.59–0.98 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09025FFD0F73CFEBCFAB81952" box="[1297,1321,314,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
:
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9025FFD0F719FEBCFE8B1971" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.049999999999999" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.9049999999999999" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.41">0.41– 1.4 mm</quantity>
. Number of podous tergites ♂: 53–78,
<specimenCount id="9D6CDBF09025FFD0F0CEFEDBFD6A1971" box="[739,763,349,375]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: 19–102. Number of apodous tergites: 0–1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799025FFD0F290FE18FC5919BE" blockId="18.[189,968,414,441]" box="[189,968,414,441]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">COLOUR. An even pale yellow all over, some individuals brownish.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1540F19025FFD0F290F97FFCB11FE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" targetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BD510799025FFD0F290F97FFCB11FE1" blockId="18.[189,1399,1785,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F290F97FFE9E1F15" bold="true" box="[189,271,1785,1811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9025FFD0F335F97FFD9C1F15" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[280,525,1785,1811]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F335F97FFD9C1F15" box="[280,525,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Columbianum adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109025FFD0F038F97CFDE41F12" box="[533,629,1786,1812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F050F97FFD051F15" bold="true" box="[637,660,1785,1811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F6D2F97FFA851F15" bold="true" box="[1279,1300,1785,1811]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F1F4F89AFC7E1F30" bold="true" box="[985,1007,1820,1846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F0BEF8C6FD201F5C" bold="true" box="[659,689,1856,1882]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D.</emphasis>
Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F3A8F8E5FE0B1F7B" bold="true" box="[389,410,1891,1917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F738F8E5FAB91F7B" bold="true" box="[1301,1320,1891,1917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
. Male anterior gonopods
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F384F801FE691FA6" box="[425,504,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F025F800FDB11FA6" bold="true" box="[520,544,1926,1952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">G</emphasis>
. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right).
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9025FFD0F290F82FFF441FC5" bold="true" box="[189,213,1961,1987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H</emphasis>
. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FE8AFBD91923" blockId="19.[189,1096,267,294]" box="[189,1096,267,294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BODY SHAPE. More or less parallel-sided, perhaps slightly narrower anteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FECBFEF119D7" blockId="19.[189,1398,333,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
HEAD (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F339FECBFEE9196E" box="[276,376,333,360]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Covered in regular, sub-cylindrical setae, width (between antennal sockets)
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9024FFD1F76EFECBFEB8198C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.2">0.2– 0.34 mm</quantity>
. With abrupt anterior margin between head and rostrum in dorsal view, head domed in lateral view making clear division between head and rostrum. Length of rostrum from tip to antennal base
<quantity id="4C92BD9C9024FFD1F290FE30FECD19D7" box="[189,348,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.26">0.26–0.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FE7EFBBA1A7A" blockId="19.[189,1399,504,636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ANTENNAE. Longer than the body width (1.12:1), appear long in comparison to rostrum, surpassing it by at least one antennal segment and usually substantially more, and over 120% of rostrum length in analysed specimens. Length:width ratio of antennomeres: 0.8, 0.97, 1, 1.03, 0.95, 1.87, 0.5, sensory cones not measured. Sensory pits on antennomeres 5 and 6 clearly present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FD25FC5F1B05" blockId="19.[189,1399,675,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLLUM. Anterior margin appearing strongly V-shaped in light microscope but much more gradually curved under SEM, the difference may be due to the relative invisibility of an area without tubercles under light microscope. Tergite 2 length much shorter than collum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FCADFB011CED" blockId="19.[189,1399,811,1260]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
MIDBODY SEGMENTS. When plotted this species forms a group with a small body size and a low number of tergites (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F364FCC8FE001B6E" box="[329,401,846,872]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1945,1971]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,344,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1393,333,1873]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 1. Body width (mm) against the total number of tergites with legs for new species of Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941. A. Males. B. Females." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825220/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Paranota absent. A clear and definite ‘dip’ between pro- and metazonite present. Relative length of pro- and metazonite 0.87–0.92. Surface structure of pro- and metazonites generally very tuberculate. Tubercles appearing more or less regular on the metazonites and in at least one specimen some of the tubercles are like collapsed blisters as seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9024FFD1F1F2FC3EFBCD1BD7" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[991,1116,951,978]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahvalr" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F1F2FC3EFBCD1BD7" box="[991,1116,951,978]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nahvalr</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109024FFD1F64EFC3EFB2F1BD4" box="[1123,1214,952,978]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
On the anterior margin are tubercles appearing ‘anchor-like’ which may be partly related to the lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F726FC5DFAF91BF0" box="[1291,1384,987,1014]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Metazonites with lots of setae. Prozonites with rugose appearance due to cytoscutes but with a smoother region mid-dorsally. ‘Channel’ region between pro- and metazonite with subcircular, clearly pronounced tubercles. Setae short, 0.03–0.07 × body width. Limbus with clear and regular row of semi-circular bumps (under SEM,
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F399FBE1FD811C84" box="[436,528,1127,1154]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Pleurites ventrally with notch at least in anterior part of body (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F724FBE1FAF91C84" box="[1289,1384,1127,1154]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
); posterior margin saw-like under SEM, only seen from certain angles, maybe due to the tubercles in cross section (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F332FB28FEED1CCF" box="[287,380,1198,1225]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Ozopores present from tergite 5 to the last tergite, on slight protuberance as seen under SEM, this perhaps seems more obvious due to the ‘palisade’ of setae round the rim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FA95FC551D91" blockId="19.[189,1399,1298,1431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
LEGS. Length 0.62 ×height. Length:width ratio of podomeres (prefemur to claw): 1.37, 1.5, 0.87, 1.21, 1.21, 3. Tarsus slightly longer than wide. Claw normal. Accessory claw on anterio-ventral side of claw, short and reaching to less than half the length of the claw (22% of claw length on slides) but very robust and visible under light microscope (
<figureCitation id="13510CFC9024FFD1F04EFAFAFD2F1D91" box="[611,702,1404,1431]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,234,1785,1811]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,502,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,498,1752]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825232/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Coxal pores present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290FA38FC381DDE" blockId="19.[189,937,1469,1496]" box="[189,937,1469,1496]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">TELSON. Rounded and of normal shape, length width ratio: 0.33.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290F986FAFB1E1F" blockId="19.[189,1386,1535,1562]" box="[189,1386,1535,1562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MALE FIRST PAIRS OF LEGS. First pair thickened, with claw and accessory claw like normal walking legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290F9C7FBE51EC3" blockId="19.[189,1399,1600,1733]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ANTERIOR GONOPODS. With five segments (including coxa). Distally simple, the most distal ‘segment’ with flattened ribbon-like setae as seen in SEM and without any apparent groove or other structure medially in ventral side to hold in the posterior gonopods although they are pressed very tightly together. Accessory lobe on ‘segment’ below the knee. Setae abundant on whole structure.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290F96AFDF11F2F" blockId="19.[189,1398,1771,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">POSTERIOR GONOPODS. With an indeterminate number of segments. Distally a simple hyaline tip, with one or more small nicks close to the tip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37043F29024FFD7F290F8D6FAB019E6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290F8D6FEBE1F6C" blockId="19.[189,303,1872,1898]" box="[189,303,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D09DA7159024FFD1F290F8D6FEBE1F6C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1872,1898]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F290F8D6FEBE1F6C" bold="true" box="[189,303,1872,1898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799024FFD1F290F8F9FCB01FBA" blockId="19.[189,1398,1919,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Of the three species described here
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9024FFD1F045F8F9FD541F9F" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[616,709,1919,1945]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F045F8F9FD541F9F" box="[616,709,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109024FFD1F0E2F8F9FCBA1F9F" box="[719,811,1919,1945]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9024FFD1F14AF8F9FC771F9F" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[871,998,1919,1945]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahvalr" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F14AF8F9FC771F9F" box="[871,998,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nahvalr</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109024FFD1F1C2F8F9FBDD1F9F" box="[1007,1100,1919,1945]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are the most similar, but
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9024FFD1F290F824FE891FBA" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,280,1954,1980]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F290F824FE891FBA" box="[189,280,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109024FFD1F30DF824FEEB1FBA" box="[288,378,1954,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9024FFD1F038F824FD031FBA" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[533,658,1954,1980]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahvalr" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9024FFD1F038F824FD031FBA" box="[533,658,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. nahvalr</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109024FFD1F0B7F824FD651FBA" box="[666,756,1954,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by:
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1540F19023FFD6F290FE8AFAFC194E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FE8AFAFC194E" blockId="20.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F290FE8AFEB11923" bold="true" box="[189,288,267,294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 2.</emphasis>
Dates and collections of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F062FE8DFCA61923" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[591,823,267,293]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F062FE8DFCA61923" box="[591,823,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Columbianum adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109023FFD6F112FE8AFC0A1920" box="[831,923,268,294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Key: arrow down = caught going down tree trunks; arrow up = caught going up tree trunks; K = collected from Kempson extractors from soil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F374FE24FAB21A8F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<table id="F96AE2D99023003DF2E4FE24FAF51A8F" box="[201,1380,418,649]" gridcols="9" gridrows="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<tr id="355A123B9023003DF2E4FE24FAF519E9" box="[201,1380,418,495]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<th id="768B7B479023003DF2E4FE24FEE019E9" box="[201,369,418,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F374FE24FEE019E9" bold="true" box="[345,369,418,495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Month</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF3A6FE24FE6719E9" box="[395,502,418,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F392FE2CFE2619E5" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">April 1987</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF021FE24FD1419E9" box="[524,645,418,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F040FE36FDB519E5" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">July June May</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF0B2FE24FC9D19E9" box="[671,780,418,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F0E8FE37FD4C19E6" bold="true" box="[709,733,433,480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Aug</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF10EFE24FCAA19E9" box="[803,827,418,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F10EFE29FCAA19E7" bold="true" box="[803,827,431,481]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sept</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF17DFE24FCF919E9" box="[848,872,418,495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F17DFE32FCF919DB" bold="true" box="[848,872,436,477]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oct</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF153FE24FB1E19E9" box="[894,1167,418,495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F65AFE2CFC0719E6" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">April Mar Feb Jan 1988 Dec Nov</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF695FE24FAB219E9" box="[1208,1315,418,495]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F6F1FE29FB6519E5" bold="true" box="[1244,1268,431,483]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">May</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768B7B479023003DF761FE24FAF519E9" box="[1356,1380,418,495]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F761FE2BFAF519E2" bold="true" box="[1356,1380,429,484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">June</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355A123B9023003DF2E4FDA6FAF51A3C" box="[201,1380,544,570]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768B7B479023003DF2E4FDA6FEE01A3C" box="[201,369,544,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F2E4FDA7FEA81A3F" bold="true" box="[201,313,545,569]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trap type</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF3A6FDA6FE671A3C" box="[395,502,544,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">↓</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF021FDA6FD141A3C" box="[524,645,544,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">↓</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF10EFDA6FCAA1A3C" box="[803,827,544,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF17DFDA6FCF91A3C" box="[848,872,544,570]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF153FDA6FB1E1A3C" box="[894,1167,544,570]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K K</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF695FDA6FAB21A3C" box="[1208,1315,544,570]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K ↑</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF761FDA6FAF51A3C" box="[1356,1380,544,570]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">↓</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355A123B9023003DF2E4FDCEFAF51A67" box="[201,1380,584,609]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768B7B479023003DF2E4FDCEFEE01A67" box="[201,369,584,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F2E4FDCFFEFA1A66" bold="true" box="[201,363,584,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">No. specimens</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF3A6FDCEFE671A67" box="[395,502,584,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF021FDCEFD141A67" box="[524,645,584,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF10EFDCEFCAA1A67" box="[803,827,584,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF17DFDCEFCF91A67" box="[848,872,584,609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF153FDCEFB1E1A67" box="[894,1167,584,609]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2 1</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF695FDCEFAB21A67" box="[1208,1315,584,609]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1, 2</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF761FDCEFAF51A67" box="[1356,1380,584,609]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355A123B9023003DF2E4FDF6FAF51A8F" box="[201,1380,624,649]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="768B7B479023003DF2E4FDF6FEE01A8F" box="[201,369,624,649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F2E4FDF6FEAA1A8E" bold="true" box="[201,315,624,648]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Condition</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF3A6FDF6FE671A8F" box="[395,502,624,649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Inundated</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF0B2FDF6FC9D1A8F" box="[671,780,624,649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Terrestrial</td>
<td id="768B7B479023003DF695FDF6FAB21A8F" box="[1208,1315,624,649]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Inundated</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FD6EFBFA1B04" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" box="[189,1131,743,770]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">• smaller body size (overall length, head width and rostrum to antennal length)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FC8DFD3A1B23" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" box="[189,683,779,805]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">• thinner body for the number of tergites</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FCA8FCAA1B88" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">• more regular tubercles on the pro- and metazonites, also including tubercles that resemble anchors in lateral view. Note however that this could be due to the state of preservation of the specimens looked at or perhaps a function of age/damage during life?</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FC1EFEAF1BD0" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">• posterior margin to pleurites with very strong saw-like edge (the angle in which this is viewed is critical)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FC58FBA81BFE" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" box="[189,1081,990,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
• tergites shorter in
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F39AFC58FE611BFE" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[439,496,990,1016]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F39AFC58FE611BFE" box="[439,496,990,1016]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with prozonite shorter relative to metazonite
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FB84FD661C1D" blockId="20.[189,1399,743,1052]" box="[189,759,1025,1052]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
• collum anterior margin less V shaped in
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F093FB87FD661C1D" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[702,759,1025,1051]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F093FB87FD661C1D" box="[702,759,1025,1051]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FBC5FE4C1C86" blockId="20.[189,1399,1090,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F37DFBC5FE3F1C5B" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[336,430,1091,1117]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F37DFBC5FE3F1C5B" box="[336,430,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109023FFD6F39AFBC5FD851C5B" box="[439,532,1091,1117]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lives in a different location – mixed water inundation forest rather than secondary upland forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FB21FE5E1CC7" blockId="20.[189,463,1191,1217]" box="[189,463,1191,1217]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D09DA7159023FFD6F290FB21FE5E1CC7" bold="true" box="[189,463,1191,1217]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F290FB21FE5E1CC7" bold="true" box="[189,463,1191,1217]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comments on ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290FB50FE651EDA" blockId="20.[189,1399,1238,1757]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F34EFB50FE511CF6" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[355,448,1238,1264]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F34EFB50FE511CF6" box="[355,448,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109023FFD6F3E8FB50FDB11CF6" box="[453,544,1238,1264]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were only found at Lago Janmauri which is a mixed water site described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB6D889023FFD6F2C9FB7FFE721D15" author="Amaral I. L. do &amp; Adis J. &amp; Prance G. T." box="[228,483,1273,1300]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="335 - 347" refId="ref10705" refString="Amaral I. L. do, Adis J. &amp; Prance G. T. 1997. On the vegetation of a seasonal mixedwater inundation forest near Manaus, Brazilian Amazonia. Amazoniana 14 (3 - 4): 335 - 347." type="journal article" year="1997">
Amaral
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F364FB7CFE111D15" box="[329,384,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
that is seasonally flooded by river water. They were collected using both Kempson extractors, which sample the soil invertebrates, and arboreal trunk traps that sample the fauna walking up or down trees (for more details of traps see
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB6D889023FFD6F18DFAB9FBB31D5F" author="Adis J." box="[928,1058,1343,1369]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="555 - 576" refId="ref10672" refString="Adis J. 2002. Recommended sampling techniques. In: Adis J. (ed.) Amazonian Arachnida and Myriapoda: 555 - 576. Pensoft, Sofia / Moscow." type="book chapter" year="2002">Adis 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens were caught on trunk traps placed on
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F3EDFAE5FC691D7A" authority="(Spruce ex Benth.) Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." baseAuthorityName="Benth." box="[448,1016,1378,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F3EDFAE5FD001D7A" box="[448,657,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hevea spruceana</emphasis>
(Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.
</taxonomicName>
or rubber tree (
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F69CFAE4FAFB1D7B" box="[1201,1386,1378,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F2D9FA00FC491DA7" authority="(Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb." authorityName="Warb." baseAuthorityName="Rottb." box="[244,984,1414,1441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F2D9FA00FE791DA6" box="[244,488,1414,1440]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Virola surinamensis</emphasis>
(Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. (Myristicaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, with the majority caught on the
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F290FA2CFE981DC5" box="[189,265,1450,1475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F290FA2CFE981DC5" box="[189,265,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hevea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The experiment was designed to follow the movements of various invertebrates as the forest was flooded, see for example
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB6D889023FFD6F014FA4AFCA61DE0" author="Morais J. W. de &amp; Adis J. &amp; Berti-Filho E. &amp; Pereira L. A. &amp; Minelli A. &amp; Barbieri F." box="[569,823,1484,1511]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref11082" refString="Morais J. W. de, Adis J., Berti-Filho E., Pereira L. A., Minelli A. &amp; Barbieri F. 1987. On abundance, phenology and natural history of Geophilomorpha from a mixedwater inundation forest in Central Amazonia (Chilopoda). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 51: 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="1987">
Morais
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F0B7FA4BFD421DE0" box="[666,723,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
. (1987)
</bibRefCitation>
for more details. The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F738FA4BFAE61DE0" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[1301,1399,1484,1511]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adisi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F738FA4BFAE61DE0" box="[1301,1399,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. adisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109023FFD6F290FA76FE8A1E0C" box="[189,283,1520,1546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in different samples is given in
<tableCitation id="C6E825C29023FFD6F08EFA69FC911E0F" box="[675,768,1519,1545]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="20.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 2. Dates and collections of Columbianum adisi sp. nov. Key: arrow down = caught going down tree trunks; arrow up = caught going up tree trunks; K = collected from Kempson extractors from soil." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 2</tableCitation>
. From this it can be seen that the species appears to spend that part of the year when the forest is not inundated in the soil. Once flooding starts it moves onto the trees where it seems to live for the remaining part of the year. The largest sample was in
<date id="FFD436B99023FFD6F290F9DFFEA21E75" box="[189,307,1625,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1987-07">July 1987</date>
when 16 individuals were caught moving down the tree trunks, presumably heading to the ground and the soil at the end of the inundation period. Most of the individuals from the Kempson extractors were very small, suggesting that the eggs are laid in the forest litter or soil and the youngest stages pass their life here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799023FFD6F290F883FDD91F81" blockId="20.[189,1399,1796,1928]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
J. Adis (pers. com., 1994) noted that the mixed water forest is regarded as an ecotone between the black and white water inundation forests and that ‘the species should represent in part those occurring in the black water forest at Taruma Mirim’.
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9023FFD6F05BF8CCFC1B1F62" authorityName="Read &amp; Enghoff" authorityYear="2018" box="[630,906,1866,1892]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahvalr" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9023FFD6F05BF8CCFC1B1F62" box="[630,906,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Columbianum nahvalr</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D71109023FFD6F1BCF8CDFC7D1F63" box="[913,1004,1867,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found in the secondary, noninundated forest at Tauma Mirim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799022FFD7F290FE8DFE2F1923" blockId="21.[189,446,267,293]" box="[189,446,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D09DA7159022FFD7F290FE8DFE2F1923" bold="true" box="[189,446,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9022FFD7F290FE8DFE2F1923" bold="true" box="[189,446,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Concluding remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD510799022FFD7F290FEBFFAB019E6" blockId="21.[189,1399,313,481]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The siphonophorids have a reputation for being difficult to study, and that has been borne out by the current study. While the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6A6BFA9022FFD7F018FEDBFD4A1971" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1941" box="[565,731,349,375]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonophoridae" genus="Columbianum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91ECC6B9022FFD7F018FEDBFD4A1971" box="[565,731,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Columbianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be well defined by the shape of the head and rostrum, it has been difficult to find other, reliable characters to distinguish clearly between species, and there is considerable variation within species and even individuals. More information about the postembryonic development might help evaluate the reliability of some of those discussed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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