184 lines
19 KiB
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184 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fa31be4-6480-4206-9664-3cb8153392a9" ID-PMC="PMC3332016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-184-67" ID-PubMed="22573953" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-184-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 184" ModsDocTitle="A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus" checkinTime="1451249128391" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Snyman, Louwtjie P., Ohl, Michael, Mansell, Mervyn W. & Scholtz, Clarke H." docDate="2012" docId="DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 184: 67-93" docOrigin="ZooKeys 184" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489" docTitle="Pseudoclimaciella Handschin" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="AA36333BFFFBFF985256FFD7BC5D0E05" masterDocTitle="A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1668153674979" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision and key to the genera of Afrotropical Mantispidae (Neuropterida, Neuroptera), with the description of a new genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snyman, Louwtjie P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mansell, Mervyn W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>184</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>93</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2489</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-184-67</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152034734" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC590FD5C0E7409FADA61C9217D18E0A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudoclimaciella" authority="Handschin" class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella Handschin</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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Handschin, 1960a: 207. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Mantispa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mantispa erichsonii" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsonii">Mantispa erichsonii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, FE" journalOrPublisher="Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Insectes. Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" title="[" 1829 - 1838 "] Iconographie du regne animal de G." year="1844">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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1844
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 391 (as "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella erichsoni" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsoni">Pseudoclimaciella erichsoni</taxonomicName>
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[sic] (
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, FE" journalOrPublisher="Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Insectes. Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" title="[" 1829 - 1838 "] Iconographie du regne animal de G." year="1844">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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1844
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</bibRefCitation>
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)" on page 207, and as "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Climaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Climaciella erichsoni" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsoni">Climaciella erichsoni</taxonomicName>
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[sic]
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, FE" journalOrPublisher="Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Insectes. Paris" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" title="[" 1829 - 1838 "] Iconographie du regne animal de G." year="1844">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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1844
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</bibRefCitation>
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"
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="80" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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page 210), by original designation.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Mantispa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mantispa erichsonii" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erichsonii">Mantispa erichsonii</taxonomicName>
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is a replacement name for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Mantispa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mantispa grandis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Mantispa grandis</taxonomicName>
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Erichson, 1839: 164, which is a junior secondary homonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Mantispa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mantispa grandis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Mantispa grandis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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, 1831: 196.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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can easily be recognised and confusion with other genera is unlikely.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Tuberonotha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuberonotha" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tuberonotha</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Handschin, E" journalOrPublisher="Nova Guinea, Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="253 - 301" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Euclimacia, Climaciella und Entanoneura Enderlein 1910 im indo-australischen Faunengebiet." volume="15" year="1961">Handschin 1961</bibRefCitation>
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, a genus with a Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian distribution is similar in appearance but always lacks an apical stain on the wings. Four Afrotropical species also lack an apical stain and were assigned to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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by either Handschin (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella congensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congensis">Pseudoclimaciella congensis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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, 1936);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella coronata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronata">Pseudoclimaciella coronata</taxonomicName>
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(Stitz, 1913)) or Poivre (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella cachani" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cachani">Pseudoclimaciella cachani</taxonomicName>
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1982b;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella ivoiriensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ivoiriensis">Pseudoclimaciella ivoiriensis</taxonomicName>
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Poivre, 1982b) but all four have the characteristic elongated radial cells as well as a large number of crossveins originating from the radial cells. In addition to these, two crossveins originate from radial cell 3 and terminate at the anterior wing margin, all other Afrotropical mantispines have only one such vein. The members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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are generally large mantispids. They may be mimics of certain
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<taxonomicName family="Vespidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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) species, an adaptation apparently not rare in
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<taxonomicName family="Mantispidae" lsidName="" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" rank="family">Mantispidae</taxonomicName>
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. Colour patterns on the head as well as the pronotum fades with time and older museum specimens are frequently difficult to identify. Sexual dimorphism is unknown in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">The genus is probably confined to woodland and forests in the Eastern Tropical Corridor. All the locality data indicate a C-shaped distribution extending from the tropical areas in western Africa such as Sierra Leone through central Africa extending down into South Africa east of the plateau, and into Madagascar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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All members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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are rusty reddish to brown. Basal cells of forewings always pigmented; basal cells of the hind wing always clear (Fig. 2a). Two or three veins originate from radial cell 3 and terminate at anterior wing margin (Fig. 2a); radial cells 1-3 elongated and narrow (Fig. 2a). Two yellow bands extend from pronotal maculae to ventral basal margin forming an inverted
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
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shape on the dorsal side (Figs 3a, 4e). Hind tibia rusty reddish at joints and yellow in middle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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Head: Antennae moniliform; most flagellomeres dark in colour; twice as broad as long, one to three bright yellow flagellomeres apically; scape and pedicel rusty reddish. Vertex convex, not visible in lateral view; slightly raised posteriorly; vertex always yellow or rusty reddish; epistomal suture black except in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella elisabethae" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elisabethae">Pseudoclimaciella elisabethae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines," pageId="16" pageNumber="83" pagination="333 - 368" title="Insectes du Congo Belge. Serie IX." volume="28" year="1936">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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1936
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</bibRefCitation>
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); mandibles black tipped with black inner margin. Eye margins rusty reddish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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Thorax: Pronotal maculae conspicuous, from the pronotal maculae two yellow bands with black margins extend to ventral basal margin forming an inverted
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
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shape on the dorsal side; prescutum with yellow margin forming another inverted
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">"V"</normalizedToken>
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shape; prothorax longer than pterothorax, prozona relatively smooth, anterior margin of prothorax black, might be discontinuous medially; metazona with transversely rugulose, lacks setae. Postnota 2 and 3 often yellow as well as posterior abdominal margins providing a vespid wasp-like appearance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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Wings (Fig. 2a): Wing venation complex. Pterostigma elongated, narrow, rusty-reddish. Radial cells 1-3 elongated and narrow; of similar length; at least 8 radial sector
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="81" start="start">veins</pageBreakToken>
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extending in posterior direction from radial cells 1-3. Two veins from radial cell 3 extending towards anterior margin (C), (very few specimens with three such veins but only in one wing so some individual variation present). All species except for above mentioned 4 with apical pigmentation in both wings. Hind wings: Crossvein between Cua and Cup+Aa prominent; Cua almost parallel with basal half of Cup+Aa; inverted triangle formed by Cua shallow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Legs: Raptorial femur, tibia and tarsi uniformly red; lacks patterns on inner femoral surface; suture in fore coxa prominent and paler; single fore tarsal claw claw lacking an arolium. Mid- and hind pretarsal claws pectinate (5-6 teeth); teeth of similar size; spoon-shaped appearance; arolium present on mid- and hind-tarsi. Proximal joint of hind tibia dark rusty-red, distal joint lighter rusty red; proximad third of tibia same dark rusty red as joint, two distal thirds of tibia yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Abdomen/Genitalia: Males with ectoprocts inconspicuous to slightly enlarged. Pseudopenis visible in lateral and dorsal view; continuous variation in both ectoproct size and pseudopenis size. EEG absent. No morphological significance regarding the female genitalia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Nampista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nampista" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nampista</taxonomicName>
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are quite similar in many aspects. Species of both genera are generally quite large, reddish in appearance with wings often pigmented with a similar colour. From an Afrotropical perspective, they may form a group, but with other genera such as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Tuberonotha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuberonotha" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tuberonotha</taxonomicName>
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from the Oriental Region that is in most aspects identical to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Pseudoclimaciella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoclimaciella" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudoclimaciella</taxonomicName>
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, it is likely that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" genus="Nampista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nampista" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nampista</taxonomicName>
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is not the most closely related taxon to any of the Afrotropical genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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