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<document id="A82DEF4A899028F0B49C365F56D7830E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297792" ID-ZooBank="70672C0A-EC78-40BA-85EE-6206184CE0F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630087137194" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lago-Barcia, Domingo &amp; Carbayo, Fernando" docDate="2018" docId="4F7187CFC557FFEBD5A8F3CDFC29F8E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4500.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4500 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cratera crioula" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="521" masterDocId="B348FFB7C555FFEFD53FF64FFF9FFF96" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of four species of the Neotropical land planarian genera Cratera and Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a description of two new species and an emendation of Cratera" masterLastPageNumber="542" masterPageNumber="517" pageNumber="519" updateTime="1699141755645" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="861B3CCB5883B7B7DDB96626C6D7DE68" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5F390CCC6A26F5D5E217FE153B80ED25">
<mods:title id="BC062B8BAAF3BD2F67B79652C7BFFC68">Taxonomic revision of four species of the Neotropical land planarian genera Cratera and Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a description of two new species and an emendation of Cratera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A0C1BD155E8D86E9777E70F542609E2D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="81C777AF52A03C859B82B646A384E6FC">
<mods:roleTerm id="2AAFDED66ECCAD7749C4FF476EEBA8F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C7857484DF648ACB78E4EFEE47A8619C">Lago-Barcia, Domingo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BE7B922F3B69CB456795E8C279274FAD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C7988959F7589271131369B406D4A311">
<mods:roleTerm id="172F219D4F9BB58E73FD5A5900C77C6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7F20888696CBC15D5C390DDF71487ED3">Carbayo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="223C4DB67D06F41DBBD0836D340809D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B44914117707F75425F215C56D64CED7" type="host">
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<mods:title id="5F4BC101F8F20D967BBF19F1BD4046F5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3C51B6FDAB011F23635A2C419B3B7A27">
<mods:date id="8B17EA4D307CD0CCBC6AA8215E5A1AC8">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0242393C914F28D2846668B66C267CFD" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="02C06473EDE38631175EA03270571F11">2018-10-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="286865B3F619E1CF577A301DAB659D54" type="volume">
<mods:number id="608E82B4E1D0550652F6D8E68FDC4FA2">4500</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="62562D21F4D4F353F6F01FF63C0069A0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="53CE1EF039412D4500C0CD96D272E2CD">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="325095254E47049784AF55C6D08B5351">517</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E7887D60B2F92019030FBAC5AF6ECE5F">542</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2A9FE39E4AA182969443A7996A8E09D7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2E853570D4C5A5487530A296ADA6FFFC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABE360B3D921754A12AE262E36018EE6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="45CB3EC9CF58A61A801E3983598EFE11" type="Zenodo-Dep">5297792</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D883B73E42E9A6EB6EDCBCE0BFBD6E5F" type="ZooBank">70672C0A-EC78-40BA-85EE-6206184CE0F0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4F7187CFC557FFEBD5A8F3CDFC29F8E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7187CFC557FFEBD5A8F3CDFC29F8E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F7187CFC557FFEBD5A8F3CDFC29F8E6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C557FFEDD5A8F3CDFE9BFA49" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFEDD5A8F3CDFDB2FA0B" blockId="2.[151,557,1410,1437]" box="[151,557,1410,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<heading id="9C2F81B5C557FFEDD5A8F3CDFDB2FA0B" bold="true" box="[151,557,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC557FFEDD5A8F3CDFDB2FA0B" ID-CoL="Z8QY" authority="(Froehlich, 1955)" baseAuthorityName="Froehlich" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[151,557,1410,1437]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crioula">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F3CDFDB2FA0B" bold="true" box="[151,557,1410,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F3CDFECEFA0A" bold="true" box="[151,337,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Cratera crioula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C557FFEDD45EF3CCFDBAFA0B" author="Froehlich, E. M." box="[353,549,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="289 - 369" refId="ref14724" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFEDD5A8F386FE9BFA49" blockId="2.[151,497,1481,1534]" box="[151,260,1481,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Synonymy</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C557FFEDD5A8F3A7FE6EFA68" box="[151,497,1512,1534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFEDD5A8F3A7FE6EFA68" blockId="2.[151,497,1481,1534]" box="[151,497,1512,1534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC557FFEDD5A8F3A7FE6EFA68" ID-CoL="3FRC9" authority="Froehlich, 1955" authorityName="Froehlich" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,497,1512,1534]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Geoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crioula">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F3A7FED5FA68" box="[151,330,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Geoplana crioula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C557FFEDD46FF3A7FE6EFA68" author="Froehlich, E. M." box="[336,497,1512,1534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="289 - 369" refId="ref14724" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C557FFEDD5A8F065FD18F83D" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFEDD5A8F065FD18F83D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1578,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F065FE1FF9D4" box="[151,384,1578,1603]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F065FEE6F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,377,1578,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="77B03C84C557FFEDD4B8F065FD18F83D" collectingDate="1952-08" collectingDateMax="2009-04-20" collectingDateMin="1952-08" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="E. M. Froehlich &amp; C. G. Froehlich &amp; F. Carbayo" country="Brazil" county="State" location="All" municipality="Parque Estadual da Cantareira" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" specimenCode="PL 2114, PL 423, PL 1078, PL 2116, PL 1079, PL 2117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="C2076002C557FFEDD4B8F065FE34F9D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7187CFC557FFEBD5A8F3CDFC29F8E6:C2076002C557FFEDD4B8F065FE34F9D5" box="[391,427,1578,1603]" country="Brazil" county="State" municipality="Parque Estadual da Cantareira" name="All" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">All</location>
specimens collected in
<collectingMunicipality id="2703ACA3C557FFEDD789F064FB94F9D5" box="[694,1035,1578,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Parque Estadual da Cantareira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="2E064E55C557FFEDD129F065FBD2F9D5" box="[1046,1101,1578,1603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">State</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="051CF83BC557FFEDD14DF065FB79F9D5" box="[1138,1254,1578,1603]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BFCF7649C557FFEDD1CEF065FAA7F9D5" box="[1265,1336,1578,1603]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, (-23.41, -46.60).
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5C3F001FEF6F9F1" bold="true" box="[252,361,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<typeStatus id="1863887BC557FFEDD5C3F001FEF6F9F1" box="[252,361,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD443F001FE44F9F1" box="[380,475,1614,1639]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD4D8F000FDCEF9F1" box="[487,593,1614,1639]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 2114</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD757F000FCBBF9F1" box="[616,804,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">E. M. Froehlich</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD66EF001FB95F9F1" box="[849,1034,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">C. G. Froehlich</collectorName>
,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD126F001FB2DF9F1" box="[1049,1202,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="1952-08">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD126F001FB2DF9F1" box="[1049,1202,1614,1639]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="1952-08">August 1952</collectingDate>
</date>
, sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 7 slides (slides S809-S815; illustrated in Fig. 33 and
<quantity id="00209B3CC557FFEDD1A6F03DFB4DF91D" box="[1177,1234,1650,1675]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" unit="in" value="34.0">34 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C557FFEDD1E5F03DFA0FF91D" author="Froehlich, E. M." box="[1242,1424,1650,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="289 - 369" refId="ref14724" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5A8F0D9FF7FF939" bold="true" box="[151,224,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F2946</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD5CEF0D9FECFF939" box="[241,336,1686,1711]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD465F0D8FE2BF939" box="[346,436,1686,1711]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 423</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD4F5F0D8FDD9F939" box="[458,582,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD76EF0D8FD5FF939" box="[593,704,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">et al. coll</emphasis>
.,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD7E7F0D9FC01F939" box="[728,926,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2008-10-26">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD7E7F0D9FC01F939" box="[728,926,1686,1711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2008-10-26">26 October 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 50 slides.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD498F0F5FE6EF945" bold="true" box="[423,497,1722,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F3709</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD73EF0F5FDFFF945" box="[513,608,1722,1747]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD755F0F4FD4EF945" box="[618,721,1722,1747]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 1078</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD7D8F0F4FCFBF945" box="[743,868,1722,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD652F0F4FC44F945" box="[877,987,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">et al. coll</emphasis>
.,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD6CCF0F5FB07F945" box="[1011,1176,1722,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD6CCF0F5FB07F945" box="[1011,1176,1722,1747]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">19 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, transverse sections of cephalic region on 18 slides; horizontal sections of portion behind cephalic region on 28 slides; transverse sections of pre-pharyngeal region on 8 slides; sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 49 slides.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD06CF14DFA03F88D" bold="true" box="[1363,1436,1794,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F3712</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD5A1F169FF62F8A9" box="[158,253,1830,1855]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD43BF168FEF6F8A9" box="[260,361,1830,1855]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 2116</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD444F168FE6AF8A9" box="[379,501,1830,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD4C3F168FDFAF8A9" box="[508,613,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">et al. coll</emphasis>
.,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD745F169FC85F8A9" box="[634,794,1830,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD745F169FC85F8A9" box="[634,794,1830,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">19 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 27 slides.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD42EF105FEC5F8F5" bold="true" box="[273,346,1866,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F3715</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD452F105FE53F8F5" box="[365,460,1866,1891]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD4E8F104FDDFF8F5" box="[471,576,1866,1891]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 1079</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD767F104FD47F8F5" box="[600,728,1866,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD7DCF104FCC3F8F5" box="[739,860,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">et al. coll.</emphasis>
,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD651F105FB88F8F5" box="[878,1047,1866,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD651F105FB88F8F5" box="[878,1047,1866,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-19">19 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, sagittal sections of pharynx and copulatory apparatus on 42 slides.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD70CF121FDE2F811" bold="true" box="[563,637,1902,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F3744</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1C9AE1CC557FFEDD7B0F121FD71F811" box="[655,750,1902,1927]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="977E9EA2C557FFEDD7C4F120FCFCF811" box="[763,867,1902,1927]" collectionCode="PL" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="Museum">PL 2117</specimenCode>
):
<collectorName id="6A2D530FC557FFEDD644F120FC63F811" box="[891,1020,1902,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">F. Carbayo</collectorName>
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD13AF120FBE7F811" box="[1029,1144,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">et al. coll</emphasis>
.,
<date id="B3661019C557FFEDD1ADF121FAA4F811" box="[1170,1339,1902,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-20">
<collectingDate id="A322E9F1C557FFEDD1ADF121FAA4F811" box="[1170,1339,1902,1927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" value="2009-04-20">20 April 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, sagittal sections of copulatory apparatus on 9 slides.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C557FFEDD5F8F1F9FAE0F859" box="[199,1407,1974,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFEDD5F8F1F9FAE0F859" blockId="2.[151,1437,1578,2035]" box="[199,1407,1974,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5F8F1F9FEFFF859" bold="true" box="[199,352,1974,1999]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="1863887BC557FFEDD75FF1F8FD0FF859" box="[608,656,1975,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">type</typeStatus>
locality, Parque Estadual da Cantareira, State of
<collectingRegion id="051CF83BC557FFEDD18BF1F9FAB7F859" box="[1204,1320,1974,1999]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BFCF7649C557FFEDD00CF1F9FAE4F859" box="[1331,1403,1974,1999]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C557FFECD5F8F195FD98FEA9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C557FFECD5F8F195FD98FEA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1578,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5F8F195FEDEF864" box="[199,321,2010,2035]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD5F8F195FEA5F865" bold="true" box="[199,314,2010,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC557FFEDD4F9F194FD80F864" box="[454,543,2011,2034]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC557FFEDD4F9F194FD80F864" box="[454,543,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Cratera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
some
<quantity id="00209B3CC557FFEDD754F195FD24F864" box="[619,699,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long. Dorsum dark brownish, usually with a thin median cream- color stripe and a submarginal stripe on each side of the body of the same color. Dorsal eyes initiating in cephalic region. Proximal portion of prostatic vesicle bifurcated, extrabulbar, detached from penis bulb. Penis bulb extends
<quantity id="00209B3CC556FFECD5A8F690FF6FFF61" box="[151,240,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
anteriorly to penis papilla. Ejaculatory duct may be distally widened. Dorsal insertion of penis papilla slightly anterior to the ventral. Penis papilla projects into female atrium. Female:male atrial length ratio, 0.5-1. Common glandular duct present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="93A76651C556FFECD5A8F38CFC04F9A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" startId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" targetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C556FFECD5A8F38CFC04F9A3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1475,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD5A8F38CFE8AFA4E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1475,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC556FFECD422F38CFDE1FA4F" authority="(Froehlich, 1955)" baseAuthorityName="Froehlich" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[285,638,1475,1497]" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Cratera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crioula">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD422F38CFE20FA4F" box="[285,447,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Cratera crioula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C556FFECD4F1F38CFDE9FA4F" author="Froehlich, E. M." box="[462,630,1475,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" pagination="289 - 369" refId="ref14724" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">Froehlich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C556FFEBD5F8F013FCC7F92B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" type="description">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C556FFECD5F8F013FCF4F90F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1628,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD5F8F013FEC7F9E2" box="[199,344,1628,1653]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD5F8F013FECEF9E3" bold="true" box="[199,337,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
We agree with
<bibRefCitation id="A3494B28C556FFECD71DF013FD6AF9E3" author="Froehlich, E. M." box="[546,757,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" pagination="289 - 369" refId="ref14724" refString="Froehlich, E. M. (1955) Sobre especies brasileiras do genero Geoplana. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Serie Zoologia, 19, 289 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2318 - 5988. v 2 i 0 p 3 - 10" type="journal article" year="1955">Froehlich's (1955)</bibRefCitation>
description in most aspects. Herein we complement the description and make some observations on the ejaculatory duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C556FFECD5F8F0EBFCFAF803" blockId="3.[151,1437,1628,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD5F8F0EBFE11F92A" box="[199,398,1700,1725]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC556FFECD5F8F0EBFE17F92B" bold="true" box="[199,392,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">External aspect</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body margins nearly parallel when crawling; anterior end rounded, posterior pointed. Dorsum convex, ventral side nearly flat. At rest and when contracted, the body is lanceolate (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC556FFECD1DFF087FAB9F977" box="[1248,1318,1736,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-C). The largest preserved specimen was
<quantity id="00209B3CC556FFECD4C0F0A3FDD1F892" box="[511,590,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="00209B3CC556FFECD7D2F0A3FCB1F892" box="[749,814,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in width (specimen F2946); specimen F3709 measured
<quantity id="00209B3CC556FFECD5A8F15FFF77F8BE" box="[151,232,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
long, and
<quantity id="00209B3CC556FFECD459F15FFE35F8BE" box="[358,426,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
wide. Dorsal surface with dark brownish black pigment spots, excepting a thin median stripe and a submarginal stripe on each side of the body, where the cream ground color of the body appears (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC556FFECD050F17BFF3AF8E7" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-B). These stripes may also be unconspicuous behind anterior extremity (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC556FFECD13EF117FBC3F8E7" box="[1025,1116,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). The ventral side is creamcolored, passing into greyish in the anterior extremity (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC556FFECD7C0F133FCC6F803" box="[767,857,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C556FFEBD5F8F1EEFEEBFED6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1628,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="521" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">
Eyes monolobated, 35 µm in diameter, contouring cephalic region. They spread over dorsum from anterior extremity (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC556FFECD42EF18BFEF7F84B" box="[273,360,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="520">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), backwards. At the level of the pharynx they extend on a lateral band, on each side of the body, 1/3 of the body width. From that region towards the posterior extremity they spread on a band progressively narrower. Unconspicuous small halos around each eye present. Sensory pits 20 µm deep, contouring cephalic region and extending ventro-marginally backwards on a length equal to at least 20% of body length. Relative mouth:body length and relative gonopore:body length, 58% and 78%, respectively in
<typeStatus id="1863887BC551FFEBD162F74BFB5DFE8B" box="[1117,1218,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and 72% and 85% in specimen F3709.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F703FEE3FE63" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
Internal morphology. Glandular margin present, comprising erythrophil granular glands and xanthophil granular glands. Cutaneous musculature with the usual three layers present in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="00D84D5AC551FFEBD182F720FAD0FE1E" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[1213,1359,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geoplaninae">Geoplaninae</taxonomicName>
: a thin subepithelial circular layer (2.5 µm thick) followed by a diagonal with decussate bundles (10 µm thick), and then a longitudinal layer (50 µm thick dorsally, 25 µm ventrally) arranged in bundles. Cutaneous musculature as thick as 14% of body height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F7B0FD69FD13" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">The three most common parenchymal muscle layers are also present, i.e., a weak dorsal layer of decussate diagonal fibers (20 µm thick), a very well developed supraintestinal layer of transverse fibers (80 µm thick), and a subintestinal layer (80 µm thick). Parenchymal longitudinal musculature absent. There are no subepidermic nor parenchymal muscle modifications in cephalic region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F4C0FB1BFCAE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Relative position mouth:pharyngeal pouch length, of 62%. Pharynx bell-shaped. Esophagus present, with 19% of pharynx length. Outer epithelium of the pharynx underlain by a thin layer (3 µm thick) of longitudinal muscle, followed by a thin layer of circular fibers (6 µm thick). Inner pharynx musculature consisting of a subepithelial layer (2 µm thick) of longitudinal musculature, followed by a circular layer (150 µm thick) with scattered longitudinal fibers interspersed and an outermost 10 µm thick layer of longitudinal fibers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F50BFBDAFBEB" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
Testes arranged in a row of 2-3 testes on each side of the body. They extend from
<quantity id="00209B3CC551FFEBD165F50BFB03FCCD" box="[1114,1180,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
behind the level of the ovaries (equal to 5% of the body length) near to the root of the pharynx (equal to 60% of the body length) (specimen F3709). Lateral to the mid-region of the prostatic vesicle, sperm ducts curve medially to communicate with the two very short branches of the prostatic vesicle. Prostatic vesicle large and extrabulbar, detached from penis bulb. Anterior half of the unpaired section of this vesicle C-shaped, posterior half runs sinuously backwards, subsequently penetrates the penis bulb to continue as a straight ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct traverses the central region of the penis papilla to open at its tip. The lumen of this duct is 20 µm in diameter, and widens 1.5 times distally in the
<typeStatus id="1863887BC551FFEBD447F270FE45FBCE" box="[376,474,1087,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC551FFEBD4D6F270FDA1FBCE" box="[489,574,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1475,1497]" captionTargetBox="[161,1422,386,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1436,373,1454]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): dorsal view of live specimen F3715. (B): dorsal view of live specimen F3712. (C): dorsal view of live specimen F3709. (D): ventral view of live specimen F3532. (E): anterior region of specimen F3709 after being cleared in clove oil; note eyes scattered onto dorsum. (F): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the tip of penis papilla of holotype, showing the small dilation of the ejaculatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297796/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); widening of distal section of this duct not remarkable in specimen F3712; it passes from 15 µm to 20 µm distally. In specimen F3744 there is no widening at all.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F2C8FB2BFA0B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
Penis bulb well developed; extending anteriorly to penis papilla
<quantity id="00209B3CC551FFEBD69DF2C8FC62FB09" box="[930,1021,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
. The prostatic vesicle is lined with a ciliated epithelium, and is pierced by glands producing erythrophil granules. This epithelium is surrounded by a circular muscle (15 µm thick). The penis papilla is conical, large and extends into the female atrium. This papilla is lined with a non-ciliated, cuboidal epithelium, and is underlain by a 25 µm thick circular muscle, followed by a 6 µm thick of longitudinal muscle. The ejaculatory duct is lined with a cuboidal ciliated epithelium, and is underlain by a circular muscle 10 µm thick. The male atrium is broad, not folded, and mostly occupied by the penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC551FFEBD5A0F310FF7BFAEE" box="[159,228,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-238@5.[151,1436,193,1264]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of holotype. (B): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus of specimen F2946 from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297798/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-B). The muscularis of the male atrium consists of a thin 10 µm thick circular muscle, followed by a thinner longitudinal muscle. There is no accumulation of cyanophil glands that pierce its roof.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F3E8FCC7F92B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
Ovaries roughly rounded, 250 µm in diameter. They are located at a distance from anterior end equal to 23% of body length. Ovovitelline ducts arise from the dorso-lateral aspect of the ovaries. Behind the level of the gonopore, ovovitelline ducts ascend to communicate with each other above dorsal section of female atrium. Distal ascending section of ovovitelline ducts receives shell glands (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC551FFEBD7E8F05BFCAFF9BB" box="[727,816,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-238@5.[151,1436,193,1264]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of holotype. (B): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus of specimen F2946 from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297798/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Common ovovitelline duct horizontal; female genital duct is a projection of the postero-dorsal region of female atrium and is dorso-anteriorly oriented.
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC551FFEBD023F078FAC6F9C6" box="[1308,1369,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">The f</emphasis>
emale atrium is an ample cavity continued with the male atrium; female:male atrial length, 1:1. Female atrium is lined with a 40 µm high epithelium with stratified aspect and internal gaps (
<figureCitation id="5FE32A5CC551FFEBD696F030FC75F90E" box="[937,1002,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1285,1307]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,210,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-238@5.[151,1436,193,1264]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cratera crioula (Froehlich, 1955). (A): photomicrograph of a sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of holotype. (B): diagrammatic representation of the copulatory apparatus of specimen F2946 from sagittal sections." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5297798/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-B), and is underlain by a 5 µm thick circular muscle, followed by a 5 µm thick longitudinal muscle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC26552C551FFEBD5F8F088FC29F8E6" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F088FE50F8BE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC551FFEBD5F8F088FEA4F949" box="[199,315,1735,1760]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5ACEACBC551FFEBD5F8F088FEABF976" bold="true" box="[199,308,1735,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In E. M. Froehlich’s collection, there is a number of slides labeled only ‘crioula’. However, the histological slides S809-S815 fully coincide with drawings of copulatory apparatus and pharynx supported recognition of the
<typeStatus id="1863887BC551FFEBD45AF140FE54F8BE" box="[357,459,1807,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76736D9C551FFEBD5F8F17BFC29F8E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521">
Original description makes no mention to the distal widening of the ejaculatory duct present in the
<typeStatus id="1863887BC551FFEBD00CF17BFA06F8DB" box="[1331,1433,1844,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="521" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. This widening is relatively small and may not exist in some specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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