treatments-xml/data/0E/53/87/0E5387953571FFFAFF1FFDAFFA4CFC6D.xml

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<mods:title id="3CBD2F2ADA8724CE4886024C709C36D1">Systematics, morphology and ecology of rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with one new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0E5387953571FFFAFF1FFDAFFA4CFC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582619" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158629840" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E5387953571FFFAFF1FFDAFFA4CFC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E5387953571FFFAFF1FFDAFFA4CFC6D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="CEE065083571FFC5FF1FFDAFFD00FDB6" box="[151,704,610,637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF1FFDAFFD00FDB6" blockId="31.[151,704,610,637]" box="[151,704,610,637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="DD0D81EF3571FFC5FF1FFDAFFD00FDB6" bold="true" box="[151,704,610,637]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF1FFDAFFD00FDB6" bold="true" box="[151,704,610,637]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FF66FDAFFD00FDB6" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1874" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[238,704,610,637]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF66FDAFFE6BFDB7" bold="true" box="[238,427,610,637]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Erythromachus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723571FFC5FE3BFDAFFD00FDB6" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[435,704,610,636]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50935" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1874) Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, 5 (19), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149924" type="journal article" year="1874">Milne-Edwards, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CEE065083571FFC5FF1FFD6BFB4AFD75" box="[151,1162,678,703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF1FFD6BFB4AFD75" blockId="31.[151,1162,678,703]" box="[151,1162,678,703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FF1FFD6BFDFDFD75" authority="Milne-Edwards 1874, p. 6" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,573,678,703]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF1FFD6BFEF2FD74" box="[151,306,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Erythromachus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B723571FFC5FEB1FD6BFDD2FD75" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[313,530,678,703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50935" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1874) Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, 5 (19), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149924" type="journal article" year="1874">Milne-Edwards 1874</bibRefCitation>
, p.6
</taxonomicName>
, pls.11–12. 
<typeStatus id="594188213571FFC5FD3FFD6AFD29FD75" box="[695,745,679,703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
by monotypy: 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FC0BFD6AFB4AFD75" authority="Milne-Edwards" authorityName=": Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[899,1162,678,703]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leguati">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FC0BFD6AFC25FD74" box="[899,997,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E. leguati</emphasis>
Milne-Edwards
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083571FFC5FF1FFD20FEA1FCE1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF1FFD20FEA1FCE1" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF1FFD20FEE2FCCD" bold="true" box="[151,290,749,775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology:</emphasis>
From Greek 
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FE35FD20FDDBFCCD" box="[445,539,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">eruthros</emphasis>
= red, and 
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FD28FD20FD29FCCD" box="[672,745,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">makhç</emphasis>
= battle, combat, in reference to the rail’s aggression shown towards red cloth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083571FFC5FF4FFCF9FAFBFC85" box="[199,1339,820,847]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFCF9FAFBFC85" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" box="[199,1339,820,847]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFCF9FE68FC85" bold="true" box="[199,424,820,847]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Revised Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FE27FCF8FD9BFC85" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[431,603,821,847]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FE27FCF8FD9BFC85" box="[431,603,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Erythromachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other Mascarene genera by the following characters:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE065083571FFFAFF4FFC94FB4AFE3D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFC94FA88FC5D" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFC94FEEBFCB9" box="[199,299,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cranium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEB2FC94FEBEFCB9" box="[314,382,857,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE02FC94FE6AFCB9" box="[394,426,857,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22</figureCitation>
): cranium medium-sized; in lateral view, dorso-ventrally compressed; small fonticuli orbitocraniales; large foramen n. optici; processus postorbitalis short and triangular; fossae temporales shallow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFC6FFEE2FBED" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFC6FFEE6FC71" box="[199,294,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rostrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEBEFC6CFEBBFC71" box="[310,379,929,955]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE0FFC6CFE67FC71" box="[391,423,929,955]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22</figureCitation>
): os premaxillare long, os nasale narrow, and total length nearly 60% longer than cranium length; in lateral view, shallow; narial opening extremely long, extending for 66% the length of the rostrum; foramina neurovascularia present, not extending to rostral edge of narial opening; os nasale narrow; in ventral view, deep, wide sulcus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFBFCFE2CFB11" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFBFCFEF2FB81" box="[199,306,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEC9FBFCFE45FB86" box="[321,389,1073,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of crania of Mascarene rails, lateral view. A. Aphanapteryx bonasia MU923 u/s; B. Erythromachus leguati NHMUK u/r, u/s. Scale bar = 10mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335521/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): rostrum mandibulae long and narrow terminating in a sharp point, length symphysis approximately 65% of cranium length; in dorsal view, processus mandibulae medialis indistinct; processus retroarticularis small; sulcus on crista intercotylaris deeply excavated; cotyla lateralis weakly U-shaped; os dentale long, narrow and terminating in a pointed tip; large foramina neurovascularia, deeply set and running almost to a deep sulcus situated in centre of mandible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFB28FBEAFAE9" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFB28FEE1FB35" box="[199,289,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Scapula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEB8FB28FEB4FB35" box="[304,372,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1119,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,345,1100]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of scapulae (medio-ventral aspect, left side; except B which is lateral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. UMZC 579 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s, right proximal UMZC 579 u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335523/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): small and narrow; in lateral view, margo dorsalis distinct; facies articularis humeralis shallow; acromion blunt, rounded and directed dorsad; tuberculum coracoideum indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFAE0FACDFAA1" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFAE0FEF1FA8D" box="[199,305,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Coracoid</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEC9FAE0FE45FA8D" box="[321,389,1325,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,942,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,923]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1435,181,923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Comparison of coracoids (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. FLMR 1081 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430394/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): short but shaft wide; in dorsal aspect, cotyla scapularis deep, oval-shaped; large foramen n. supracoracoidei sternal to processus procoracoideus; impressio m. sternocoracoidei deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFAB8FABBFA1D" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFAB8FEE4FA45" box="[199,292,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEBEFAB8FEBDFA45" box="[310,381,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1778,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1061,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,1061,1759]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Comparison of sterna, lateral aspect (left), ventral aspect (right) of Mascarene rails, A. C. UMZC 303BB Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. D. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430400/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): small; processus craniolateralis narrow, directed laterad; in dorsal aspect; tuberculum labri externi indistinct; foramen pneumaticum on midline shallow; in ventral view; spina externa variable, reduced or more distinct and square-shaped; in lateral view, carina sterni extremely reduced; apex carinae directed ventrad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FFA2FFE13F989" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FF4FFA2FFEEEFA31" box="[199,302,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Endomychidae" genus="Humerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FFA2FFEEEFA31" box="[199,302,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Humerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEB7FA2CFE56FA31" box="[319,406,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1968,1993]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,417,1949]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[224,1363,417,1949]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Comparison of humeri (caudal aspect, left side) of Mascarene rails, A. UMZC 579 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430402/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): extremely reduced, shaft curved dorsoventrally; in caudal aspect, incisura capitis deeply excavated; fossa pneumotricipitalis shallow; in cranial view, crista bicipitalis, short, square-shaped; fossa m. brachialis shallowly excavated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FF980FA9CF941" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FF980FED5F9AD" box="[199,277,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Radius</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEAAF980FEB3F9AD" box="[290,371,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1076,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of radii (ventral aspect, right side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. UMZC 579.1 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335525/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
): short; sulcus tendinosa deep extending proximad approximately ¼ of total length radius length; facies articularis radiocarpalis deflected ventrally; in ventral aspect, depressio ligamentosa deeply excavated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FF958FBFFF919" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FF4FF958FF3FF965" authorityName="Capuse" authorityYear="1973" box="[199,255,1685,1711]" family="Carangidae" genus="Ulna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FF958FF3FF965" box="[199,255,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ulna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE98F958FEA3F965" box="[272,355,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1666,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,633,1647]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of ulnae (ventral aspect, left side) of Mascarene rails with Dryolimnas, A. MNHN MAD6967 Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati u/s; C. NHMUK 1882.2.28.2 Dryolimnas cuvieri cuvieri u/s; D. NHMUK S/1989.38.1 D. c. aldabranus ♂; E. NHMUK 1910.4.8.1 D. c. abbotti u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335527/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEF8F958FE50F965" box="[368,400,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22</figureCitation>
): short and strongly arched dorso-ventrally proximally; tuberculum ligamentosa collateralis prominent; in caudal aspect, olecranon indistinct; processus cotylaris dorsalis short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FF910FA4FF8D1" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FF910FE51F93D" box="[199,401,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Carpometacarpus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE2AF910FE38F93D" box="[418,504,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
): in dorsal aspect, processus extensorius short and rounded; os metacarpale majus robust; os metacarpale minus weakly arched creating narrow spatium intermetacarpale; proximal synostosis long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FF8E8FE70F84D" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D003571FFC5FF4FF8E8FECBF8F5" authorityName="Megerle" authorityYear="1811" box="[199,267,1829,1855]" genus="Pelvis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FF8E8FECBF8F5" box="[199,267,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pelvis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE96F8E8FEB3F8F5" box="[286,371,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1720,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,453,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1431,453,1701]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Comparison of pelves (dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails, A. UMZC 303BB Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3430406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3430406/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FE0AF8E8FE62F8F5" box="[386,418,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22</figureCitation>
): in dorsal view, ala preacetabularis weakly expanded laterally; in lateral view, foramen ilioischiadicum is equal or slightly larger than foramen acetabuli; canalis iliosynsacralis extend to distal edge of foramen ilioischiadicum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864536833571FFC5FF4FF85FFCC9F839" blockId="31.[151,1437,749,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B48EEA913571FFC5FF4FF85FFED2F861" box="[199,274,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Femur</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEA8F85CFEB2F861" box="[288,370,1936,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A063571FFC5FEF5F85CFE5DF861" box="[381,413,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">22</figureCitation>
): extremely robust; in cranial view, shaft curved medially and directed caudally at the proximal end; crista trochanteris strongly deflected mediad; in medial aspect, shaft strongly arched dorsally; in caudal aspect, condylus medialis larger than condylus lateralis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86453683354EFFFAFF4FFF54FD31FF1D" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFF4FFF54FE85FF79" box="[199,325,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tibiotarsus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06354EFFFAFEDCFF54FE66FF79" box="[340,422,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06354EFFFAFE3AFF54FE12FF79" box="[434,466,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[163,1424,957,1912]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Associated partial skeleton of NHMUK u/r Erythromachus leguati collected in Caverne Poule Rouge. Clockwise from top; cranium and rostrum; pelvis, right and left femur; right and left tibiotarsus, right carpometacarpus, left ulna. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335541/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">22</figureCitation>
): short, but robust; sulcus extensorius shallow and restricted proximally; canalis extensorius circular, less oval; pons supratendineus arched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86453683354EFFFAFF4FFF2CFD7AFED5" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFF4FFF2CFED2FF31" box="[199,274,225,251]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ceritellidae" genus="Fibula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFF4FFF2CFED2FF31" box="[199,274,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fibula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: short and robust; in dorsal view, caput fibulae narrow and weakly grooved caudally; tuberculum m. iliofibularis pronounced and excavated cranially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86453683354EFFFAFF4FFEE7FB4AFE3D" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFF4FFEE7FE41FE89" box="[199,385,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tarsometatarsus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06354EFFFAFE1DFEE4FE2CFE89" box="[405,492,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,600,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,597,1653]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Comparison of femora (caudal aspect, right side), tibiotarsi (cranial aspect, right side) and tarsometatarsi (left side, dorsal aspect) of Mascarene rails. A., C., E. UMZC 303B Aphanapteryx bonasia u/s; B., D., F. UMZC 303c Erythromachus leguati u/s. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335531/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
): short, but extremely robust; in dorsal aspect, trochleae metatarsorum distinctly splayed, especially trochlea metatarsi II; metatarsi II directed slightly dorsad; presence of an ossified bridge connecting retinaculi extensorii individually variable; in plantar aspect, crista medialis hypotarsi central, not deflected laterally; in plantar aspect, surface area of foramen vasculare distale shallowly excavated; fossa metatarsi I extends proximad; hypotarsi deflected laterad; on proximal end, crista medialis flexoris digitorum longus present; sulci for tendon of musculus flexor perforatus digiti II and musculus flexor hallucis longus present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE06508354EFFFAFF4FFDCCFA4CFC6D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="86453683354EFFFAFF4FFDCCFA4CFC6D" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFF4FFDCCFEFDFDD1" bold="true" box="[199,317,513,539]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFECDFDCCFD88FDD1" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[325,584,513,539]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50935" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1874) Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, 5 (19), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149924" type="journal article" year="1874">Milne-Edwards (1874)</bibRefCitation>
, when describing 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFC9EFDCCFC02FDD1" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[790,962,513,539]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFC9EFDCCFC02FDD1" box="[790,962,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Erythromachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possessed both the original accounts and the first subfossil remains then recently discovered in caves on the Plaine Corail, 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFBA7FDE8FB62FDF5" box="[1071,1186,549,575]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="1EC12A06354EFFFAFB3AFDE8FB38FDF5" box="[1202,1272,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,2014,2039]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1995]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,885,1995]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Detail of Rodrigues, showing the place names mentioned in the text (adapted from Cheke &amp; Hume 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335519/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). These, along with elements of 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFEDFFD84FE0AFDA9" box="[343,458,585,611]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
Night Heron 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFDEAFD87FB52FDA9" authority="(Milne-Edwards, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[610,1170,585,611]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFDEAFD87FC43FDA9" box="[610,899,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Nycticorax megacephalus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFC19FD84FB4AFDA9" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[913,1162,585,611]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50935" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1874) Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, 5 (19), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149924" type="journal article" year="1874">Milne-Edwards, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFB15FD84FAD0FDA9" box="[1181,1296,585,611]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
Turtle Dove 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFF1FFDA3FD65FD4D" authority="(Milne-Edwards, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,677,621,647]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Nesoenas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodericanus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFF1FFDA3FE52FD4D" box="[151,402,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Nesoenas rodericanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFE2BFDA0FD5CFD4D" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[419,668,621,647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref50935" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1874) Recherches sur la faune ancienne des Iles Mascareignes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, 5 (19), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149924" type="journal article" year="1874">Milne-Edwards, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFD68FDA0FC93FD4D" box="[736,851,621,647]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
Parrot 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFC22FDA3FB14FD4D" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[938,1236,621,647]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Necropsittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricanus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFC22FDA3FB14FD4D" box="[938,1236,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Necropsittacus rodricanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFB6DFDA0FF1FFD66" author="Milne-Edwards, A." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="145 - 156" refId="ref50697" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1867 a) Un psittacien fossile de I'ile Rodrigues. Annales des Science Naturelles-Zoologie et Paleontologie, S 5 (8), 145 - 156." type="journal article" year="1867">Milne-Edwards, 1867a</bibRefCitation>
), were sent to Milne-Edwards in Paris by Edward Newton, brother of Alfred Newton, professor at the UMZC (
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFF17FD78FE60FD05" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[159,416,693,719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="129 - 132" refId="ref50857" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1869 b) On the ancient fauna of the Mascarene Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 4 (20), 129 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936908696012" type="journal article" year="1869">Milne-Edwards 1869b</bibRefCitation>
; A. 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFE46FD78FDB9FD05" author="Newton, A." box="[462,633,692,719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref52164" refString="Newton, A. (1875 b) Additional evidence as to the original fauna of Rodriguez. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1875, 39 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1875. tb 00523. x" type="journal article" year="1875">Newton 1875b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFD0DFD78FCCDFD05" author="Hume, J. P." box="[645,781,693,719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref47902" refString="Hume, J. P. (2007) Reappraisal of the parrots (Aves: Psittacidae) from the Mascarene Islands, with comments on their ecology, morphology and affinities. Zootaxa, 1513 (1), 1 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1513.1.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Hume 2007</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFC91FD78FC9FFD05" author="Hume, J. P." box="[793,863,693,719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref48006" refString="Hume, J. P. (2011 a) Systematics, morphology, and ecology of pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with three new species. Zootaxa, 3124, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="2011">2011a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFCE3FD78FC72FD05" author="Hume, J. P." box="[875,946,693,719]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="17 - 82" refId="ref48149" refString="Hume, J. P. (2014 a) A review of the past and present bird fauna of the Mascarene Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, 8, 17 - 82." type="journal article" year="2014">2014a</bibRefCitation>
, b) (data taken from labels). From these he determined that a flightless rail, related to 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFDF2FD14FCD7FD39" baseAuthorityName="Cheke" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[634,791,729,755]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFDF2FD14FCD7FD39" box="[634,791,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613354EFFFAFCCBFD14FC73FD39" box="[835,947,729,755]" name="Mauritius" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
, had once occurred on 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFB33FD14FAF1FD39" box="[1211,1329,729,755]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
, and proposed a new genus, 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFEF5FD30FDE9FCDD" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[381,553,765,791]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFEF5FD30FDE9FCDD" box="[381,553,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Erythromachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As better material became available it was later referred to 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFB53FD30FAB8FCDD" baseAuthorityName="Cheke" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1243,1400,765,791]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Aphanapteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFB53FD30FAB8FCDD" box="[1243,1400,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Aphanapteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFF1FFCECFE0BFCF1" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G. &amp; Newton, E." box="[151,459,801,827]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="423 - 437" refId="ref46507" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. &amp; Newton, E. (1879) The extinct birds of Rodriguez. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 168, 423 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1879.0043" type="journal article" year="1879">Günther &amp; Newton (1879)</bibRefCitation>
; however, 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFDC2FCECFD3EFCF1" author="Piveteau, J." box="[586,766,800,827]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="31 - 37" refId="ref53720" refString="Piveteau, J. (1945) Etude sur l' Aphanapteryx Oiseau Eteint de l'lle Maurice. Annales de Paleontologie, 31, 31 - 37." type="journal article" year="1945">Piveteau (1945)</bibRefCitation>
noted that distinct differences in the cranium justified the generic separation of 
<taxonomicName id="41FA4D00354EFFFAFE1AFC88FDFEFC95" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[402,574,837,863]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Erythromachus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFE1AFC88FDFEFC95" box="[402,574,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Erythromachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was an assignation followed by 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFB9AFC88FB6CFC95" author="Olson, S. L." box="[1042,1196,837,863]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="357 - 363" refId="ref52862" refString="Olson, S. L. (1977) A synopsis on the fossil Rallidae. In: Dillon Ripley, S (Ed.), Rails of the World - A Monograph of the Family Rallidae. Codline, Boston, pp. 357 - 363." type="book chapter" year="1977">Olson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFB33FC88FEC6FC49" author="Mourer-Chauvire, C. &amp; Bour, R. &amp; Ribes, S. &amp; Moutou, F." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref51576" refString="Mourer-Chauvire, C., Bour, R., Ribes, S. &amp; Moutou, F. (1999) The avifauna of Reunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the time of the arrival of the first Europeans. In: Olson, S. L (Ed.), Avian paleontology at the close of the 20 th Century: Proceedings of the 4 th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution. Washington, D. C., pp. 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.89.1" type="proceedings paper" year="1999">
Mourer-Chauviré 
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFA00FC8BFF74FC49" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
and others, and applied here. As recently shown in the endemic scops owls of 
<collectingCountry id="FEED7613354EFFFAFB0CFCA4FB31FC49" box="[1156,1265,873,899]" name="Mauritius" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="443EF861354EFFFAFAA1FCA4FA5CFC49" box="[1321,1436,873,899]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E26B4B72354EFFFAFF17FC40FE48FC6D" author="Louchart, A. &amp; Bastian, F. &amp; Baptista, M. &amp; Guarino-Vignon, P. &amp; Hume, J. P. &amp; Jacot-des-Combes, C. &amp; Mourer-Chauvire, C. &amp; Hanni, C. &amp; Ollivier, M." box="[159,392,909,935]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="2678 - 2689" refId="ref49752" refString="Louchart, A., Bastian, F., Baptista, M., Guarino-Vignon, P., Hume, J. P., Jacot-des-Combes, C., Mourer-Chauvire, C., Hanni, C. &amp; Ollivier, M. (2018) Ancient DNA reveals the origins, colonisation histories and evolutionary pathways of two recently extinct species of large scops owl from Mauritius and Rodrigues Islands (Mascarene Islands, southwestern Indian Ocean). Journal of Biogeography, 45 (2), 2678 - 2689. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13450" type="journal article" year="2018">
Louchart 
<emphasis id="B48EEA91354EFFFAFE85FC43FEFEFC6D" box="[269,318,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), there is precedent for differing evolutionary pathways for the two endemic genera of rails.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>