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<mods:titleid="1C08AED1EF8D71F6D8DC6BC183451231">Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Nesomesochorinae) in eastern Uruguay: new records and comments about phenology</mods:title>
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<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FEC8FE76FDB95E99"author="Brulle, M. A."box="[326,518,413,437]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"pagination="56 - 324"refId="ref3710"refString="Brulle, M. A. (1846) Tome Quatrieme. Des Hymenopteres. Les Ichneumonides. In: Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelles des Insectes. Imprimerie et Fonderie de Fain, Paris, pp. 56 - 324."type="book chapter"year="1846">Brullé 1846: 166</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FCABFE76FBC25E99"author="Townes, H. & Townes, M."box="[805,1149,413,437]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"pagination="1 - 367"refId="ref5531"refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8: 1 - 367."type="journal article"year="1966">Townes & Townes 1966: 141</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FE91FE36FE5C5ED9"author="Brulle, M. A."box="[287,483,477,501]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"pagination="56 - 324"refId="ref3710"refString="Brulle, M. A. (1846) Tome Quatrieme. Des Hymenopteres. Les Ichneumonides. In: Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelles des Insectes. Imprimerie et Fonderie de Fain, Paris, pp. 56 - 324."type="book chapter"year="1846">Brullé 1846: 168</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FECCFDF6FDA05D19"author="Cameron, P."box="[322,543,541,565]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"refId="ref3891"refString="Cameron, P. (1911) On the Hymenoptera of the Georgetown Museum, British Guiana. Timehri: The Journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana, 1:"type="journal volume"year="1911">Cameron 1911: 178</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FCBDFDF6FBC25D19"author="Townes, H. & Townes, M."box="[819,1149,541,565]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"pagination="1 - 367"refId="ref5531"refString="Townes, H. & Townes, M. (1966) A catalogue and reclassification of the Neotropic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 8: 1 - 367."type="journal article"year="1966">Townes & Townes 1966: 141</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FFEDFB76FF045B99"box="[99,187,1181,1205]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
Males and females of this species have similar morphology, being easily recognized by the following characteristics: body completely black, robust and slightly leathery (
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FB9BFAB6FBE05A59"box="[1045,1119,1373,1397]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FE38FA96FDB25AB9"box="[438,525,1405,1429]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FC0DFA76FC665A99"box="[899,985,1437,1461]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FED0FA56FE095AF9"box="[350,438,1469,1493]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDAFFC7FCD1FA56FC0B5AF9"box="[863,948,1469,1493]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="4.[151,222,1579,1601]"captionTargetBox="[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetId="figure-132@4.[153,1208,243,1568]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Figure 2. Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846). A. Habitus female.B. Habitus male.C. Mesoscutum, lateral view. D. Tarsal claws, ventral view.E. Mesoscutum, dorsal view.F. Propodeum, dorsalview.G. Distribution map, where the red dots are the previous records, and the blue dot are the new records. / A. Habitus hembra. B. Habitus macho. C. Mesoscuto, vista lateral. D. Garra tarsal, vista ventral. E. Mesoscuto, vista dorsal.F. Propodeo, vista dorsal. G. Mapa de distribución, donde los puntos rojos son registros"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206078"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206078/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="608">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
(X² = 49,075, p <0.001). Due to the low abundance in the areas of Cardoso (PSA), Branaa (IAA) and Llambi (IAA), these were excluded from the analysis.
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDAFFC7FF0FF9B6FEE25959"author="Onody, H. C. & Perioto, N. W. & Lara R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & Nascimento, A. R. & Dias, A. M."box="[129,349,1629,1653]"pageId="3"pageNumber="608"refId="ref4913"refString="Onody, H. C., Perioto, N. W., Lara R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R., Nascimento, A. R. & Penteado- Dias, A. M. (2021) Preferencia de habitat e fenologia de Nonnus niger (Brulle, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em diferentes fitofisionomias em uma reserva de cerrado no brasil. In: Iwata, B. F., Rocha, I. L. (eds.). Cerrado: Capital Natural e Servicos Ambientais, Paco Editorial."type="book"year="2021">
(X² = 39.361, p <0.0001) in the “Cerradão”, this abundance of male in the study can be compared with the abundance of males that occurred in this research in the
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDDFFC0FE05F9C0FDB4596D"author="Brulle, M. A."box="[395,523,1579,1601]"pageId="4"pageNumber="609"pagination="56 - 324"refId="ref3710"refString="Brulle, M. A. (1846) Tome Quatrieme. Des Hymenopteres. Les Ichneumonides. In: Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelles des Insectes. Imprimerie et Fonderie de Fain, Paris, pp. 56 - 324."type="book chapter"year="1846">Brullé, 1846</bibRefCitation>
previos, y los puntos azules los nuevos registros.
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FF0FFF96FED95FB9"author="Onody, H. C. & Perioto, N. W. & Lara R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & Nascimento, A. R. & Dias, A. M."box="[129,358,125,149]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"refId="ref4913"refString="Onody, H. C., Perioto, N. W., Lara R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R., Nascimento, A. R. & Penteado- Dias, A. M. (2021) Preferencia de habitat e fenologia de Nonnus niger (Brulle, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em diferentes fitofisionomias em uma reserva de cerrado no brasil. In: Iwata, B. F., Rocha, I. L. (eds.). Cerrado: Capital Natural e Servicos Ambientais, Paco Editorial."type="book"year="2021">
also reported that females can spend most of their time looking for hosts in soils and foliage. However, other reasons associated with the biology and behavior of the species cannot be rejected.
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FDC1FF56FCBD5FF9"author="Fox, L. R. & Letourneau, D. K. & Eisenbach, J. & Van Nouhuys, S."box="[591,770,189,213]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="414 - 419"refId="ref4331"refString="Fox, L. R., Letourneau, D. K., Eisenbach, J. & Van Nouhuys, S. (1990) Parasitism rates and sex ratios of a parasitoid wasp: effects of herbivore and plant quality. Oecologia, 83 (3): 414 - 419."type="journal article"year="1990">
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was observed, which concluded that the parasitoids are sensitive to the quality of the plant and the host, thus understanding that the higher proportion of females is a direct response to the high quality of the hosts.
Regarding the time of occurrence, we verified that the peak of abundance occurred from October to February, with the rest of the months without the capture of individuals (
<figureCitationid="1352E085FFDCFFC1FBDEFE56FFD45ED9"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="5.[91,162,1329,1351]"captionTargetBox="[91,1149,679,1315]"captionTargetId="figure-418@5.[91,1149,679,1315]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="Figure 3. Total number of individuals of Nonnus niger (Brullé) collected per month in a natural field area in Don Bosco, Uruguay, in the years 2014 to 2016. / Número total de individuos de Nonnus niger (Brullé) recolectados por mes en el área de campo natural Don Bosco, Uruguay, años 2014 a 2016."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206080"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206080/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="610">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). This may have occurred due to factors that can affect the timing of the reconciliation of insect populations, such as the temporal availability of their resources (
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FC1EFE16FBA85D39"author="Dixon, A. F. G."box="[912,1047,509,533]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="380 - 381"refId="ref4084"refString="Dixon, A. F. G. (2003) Climate change and phenological asynchrony. Ecological Entomology, 28: 380 - 381."type="journal article"year="2003">Dixon 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FBAEFE16FF0B5D19"author="Freire, G. & Nascimento, A. R. & Malinov, I. K. & Diniz, I. R."pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="274 - 282"refId="ref4386"refString="Freire, G., Nascimento, A. R., Malinov, I. K. & Diniz, I. R. (2014) Temporal occurrence of two Morpho butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): influence of weather and food resources. Environmental Entomology, 43 (2): 274 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / EN 12352"type="journal article"year="2014">
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FD45FDF6FC1A5D19"author="Sutcliffe, O. L. & Thomas, C. D. & Moss, D."box="[715,933,541,565]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="85 - 95"refId="ref5460"refString="Sutcliffe, O. L., Thomas, C. D. & Moss, D. (1996) Spatial synchrony and asynchrony in butterfly population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65: 85 - 95."type="journal article"year="1996">
), variation climate and the presence of natural enemies and predators (
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FD57FDD6FCC75D79"author="Wallner, W. E."box="[729,888,573,597]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="317 - 340"refId="ref5866"refString="Wallner, W. E. (1987) Factors affecting insect population dynamics: differences between outbreak and non-outbreak species. Annual Review of Entomology, 32: 317 - 340."type="journal article"year="1987">Wallner 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FC08FDD6FBA95D79"author="Wolda, H."box="[902,1046,573,597]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="1 - 18"refId="ref5899"refString="Wolda, H. (1988) Insect seasonality: why? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 19 (1): 1 - 18."type="journal article"year="1988">Wolda 1988</bibRefCitation>
). This is because parasitoid insects are specialized and operate at higher trophic levels (
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FC7EFDB6FBCD5D59"author="Shaw, M. R."box="[1008,1138,605,629]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="117 - 127"refId="ref5322"refString="Shaw, M. R. (2006) Habitat considerations for parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera). Journal of Insect Conservation, 10: 117 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 006 - 6288 - 1"type="journal article"year="2006">Shaw 2006</bibRefCitation>
For a more robust sampling, long-term studies and successive samplings can be an effective strategy for collecting insects that have a well-defined temporal occurrence, as in this case of
. In Malaise trap surveys, some long-term sampling in the same sampling area has been shown to be effective in capturing species of unusual families of parasitoid
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FE9AF9B9FE5D5946"author="Lucena, D. A. A. & Santos Neto, P. E. & Zanella, F. C. V. & Alves, F. P. & Trindade, O. S. N. & Silva Junior, J. C."box="[276,482,1618,1642]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="215 - 220"refId="ref4739"refString="Lucena, D. A. A., Santos Neto, P. E., Zanella, F. C. V., Alves, F. P., Trindade, O. S. N. & Silva Junior, J. C. (2012) Chrysididae diversity (Hymenoptera) in caatinga vegetation in Jequie, Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil. Magistra, 24: 215 - 220."type="journal article"year="2012">
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FE65F9B9FD6C5946"author="Lara, R. I. R. & Perioto, N. W."box="[491,723,1618,1642]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="63 - 65"refId="ref4674"refString="Lara, R. I. R. & Perioto, N. W. (2014) Seasonality of Pelecinus polyturator (Drury) (Hymenoptera, Pelecinidae) in the Atlantic Rainforest of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58: 63 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000100010"type="journal article"year="2014">Lara & Perioto 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FD52F9B9FC1A5946"author="Versuti, D. R. & Paz, C. C. P. & Lara, R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & Perioto, N. W."box="[732,933,1618,1642]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="273 - 279"refId="ref5712"refString="Versuti, D. R., Paz, C. C. P., Lara, R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R. & Perioto, N. W. (2014) Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 58: 273 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262014000300008"type="journal article"year="2014">
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FC20F9B9FBC65946"author="Perioto, N. W. & Lara, R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & De Bortoli, C. P. & Salas, C. & Crosariol Netto, J. & Perez, L. A. & Trevisan, M. & Kubota, M. M. & Pereira, N. A. & Gil, O. J. A. & Santos, R. F. & Jorge, S. J. & Laurentis, V. L."box="[942,1145,1618,1642]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="171 - 175"refId="ref5093"refString="Perioto, N. W., Lara, R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R., De Bortoli, C. P., Salas, C., Crosariol Netto, J., Perez, L. A., Trevisan, M., Kubota, M. M., Pereira, N. A., Gil, O. J. A., Santos, R. F., Jorge, S. J. & Laurentis, V. L. (2016) Monomachus (Hymenoptera, Monomachidae) from Atlantic rainforests in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 42: 171 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 42 i 2.6688"type="journal article"year="2016">
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDCFFC1FFD7F999FEEE59A6"author="Fernandes, D. R. R. & Alves F. P. & Shimbori, E. M. & Lara, R. I. R. & Silva Junior, J. C. & Perioto, N. W."box="[89,337,1650,1674]"pageId="5"pageNumber="610"pagination="33 - 36"refId="ref4164"refString="Fernandes, D. R. R., Alves F. P., Shimbori, E. M., Lara, R. I. R., Silva Junior, J. C. & Perioto, N. W. (2017) New distribution records of Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) in Brazil. EntomoBrasilis, 10: 33 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 10 i 1.658"type="journal article"year="2017">
Thus, in the area of Don Bosco (NFA), it was possible to observe a significant sampling for the abundance of males, this may have occurred by the collection method used, the Malaise trap, this result corroborates the studies of
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDFFFC2FD67FF96FC495FB9"author="Aguiar, A. P. & Santos, B. F."box="[745,1014,125,149]"pageId="6"pageNumber="611"pagination="199 - 206"refId="ref3481"refString="Aguiar, A. P. & Santos, B. F. (2010) Discovery of potent, unsuspected sampling disparities for Malaise and Moricke traps, as shown for Neotropical Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Journal of Insect Conservation, 14: 199 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 009 - 9246 - x"type="journal article"year="2010">Aguiar & Santos (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDFFFC2FBA1FF96FF5E5F99"author="Onody, H. C. & Perioto, N. W. & Lara R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & Nascimento, A. R. & Dias, A. M."pageId="6"pageNumber="611"refId="ref4913"refString="Onody, H. C., Perioto, N. W., Lara R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R., Nascimento, A. R. & Penteado- Dias, A. M. (2021) Preferencia de habitat e fenologia de Nonnus niger (Brulle, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em diferentes fitofisionomias em uma reserva de cerrado no brasil. In: Iwata, B. F., Rocha, I. L. (eds.). Cerrado: Capital Natural e Servicos Ambientais, Paco Editorial."type="book"year="2021">
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDFFFC2FF64FF76FE465F99"author="Aguiar, A. P. & Santos, B. F."box="[234,505,157,181]"pageId="6"pageNumber="611"pagination="199 - 206"refId="ref3481"refString="Aguiar, A. P. & Santos, B. F. (2010) Discovery of potent, unsuspected sampling disparities for Malaise and Moricke traps, as shown for Neotropical Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Journal of Insect Conservation, 14: 199 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 009 - 9246 - x"type="journal article"year="2010">Aguiar & Santos (2010)</bibRefCitation>
can be collected with Malaise traps in a different way, being able to collect individuals of a certain sex, in addition to being effective in intercepting flight, thus, explaining the greater capture of males. This report was repeated in the work by
<bibRefCitationid="EFF881F1FFDFFFC2FCEAFF16FBF85E39"author="Onody, H. C. & Perioto, N. W. & Lara R. I. R. & Fernandes, D. R. R. & Nascimento, A. R. & Dias, A. M."box="[868,1095,253,277]"pageId="6"pageNumber="611"refId="ref4913"refString="Onody, H. C., Perioto, N. W., Lara R. I. R., Fernandes, D. R. R., Nascimento, A. R. & Penteado- Dias, A. M. (2021) Preferencia de habitat e fenologia de Nonnus niger (Brulle, 1846) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em diferentes fitofisionomias em uma reserva de cerrado no brasil. In: Iwata, B. F., Rocha, I. L. (eds.). Cerrado: Capital Natural e Servicos Ambientais, Paco Editorial."type="book"year="2021">
in which the abundance of males was significant, in addition, they carried out a long-term work using the Malaise trap collection method, which was active without interruption, where it was possible to obtain a large sample of individuals collected in the phytophysiognomy localities of the Cerrado biome in
fauna in the locality because it was possible to observe that there was a deviation in the sex ratio of males that were significant in the natural field area of Don Bosco and that there was a sampling void of collections in the period from March to September, this may have occurred due to climatic variation of the place or food resource.