treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB878CD671FFD77EF0FF17FAEF0CA6.xml

<document id="91544CB9202DFBFD883F5085B2D38F10" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5023.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225800" ID-ZooBank="32EA32BC-0E25-4BF9-86CB-A5C881CB5BCD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629426001738" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Escalona, Hermes E. &amp; Oberprieler, Rolf G." docDate="2021" docId="03FB878CD671FFD77EF0FF17FAEF0CA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5023.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5023 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Undarobius howarthi Escalona &amp; Oberprieler 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="FFC2FFF4D675FFD37E67FF80FFE80931" masterDocTitle="Undarobius, a new genus of cavernicolous weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae Leptopiini) from the Undara Lava Caves in north-eastern Australia, with an overview of anophthalmic and microphthalmic Australian Curculionidae" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1699072673255" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B2A3B7D1F6111E8D79597A71D913B913">Undarobius, a new genus of cavernicolous weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae Leptopiini) from the Undara Lava Caves in north-eastern Australia, with an overview of anophthalmic and microphthalmic Australian Curculionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="675DCE8D8ECFC15562803DB870109A58">Escalona, Hermes E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC9313A0057D9362F983B25FB4E55633">Oberprieler, Rolf G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5257039F8D7577F303DB32662D08E703">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, G. P. O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. &amp; Rolf. Oberprieler @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1837 - 580 X</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77EF0FF17FD270980" ID-CoL="B7PKJ" authority="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,719,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EF0FF17FE730983" bold="true" box="[151,411,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Undarobius howarthi</emphasis>
Escalona &amp; Oberprieler
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(
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77EF8FF3BFE7E09E7" box="[159,406,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–16" captionStart-1="FIGURES 17–25" captionStart-2="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Figs. 9–10, 12, 14–35</figureCitation>
) http://zoobank.org/ 
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<subSubSection id="C3486511D671FFD77EF0FEA0FA9E08B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EF0FEA0FEFA080B" bold="true" box="[151,274,288,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length 4.0– 
<quantity id="4CAA9B7FD671FFD77FBEFEA0FDD8080A" box="[473,560,288,315]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
. Elytral setae short, apically widened and truncate. Punctures on pronotum and elytra fine, sparse, distance between punctures greater than puncture sizes. Body 1.5 × longer than wide, rostrum 2.1 × longer than wide. Prothorax and elytra 1 × and 1.1 × as long as wide, respectively. Spermatheca as in 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77B47FEE8FA9A08B2" box="[1312,1394,360,387]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BED369AD671FFD77EA0FE0CFB020BDA" blockId="4.[151,1437,288,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EA0FE0CFDB80896" bold="true" box="[199,592,396,423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Description. General appearance.</emphasis>
Body length 4.0– 
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, 1.5 × longer than wide. Squamae sparse on pronotal and elytral discs but denser laterally, easily abraded (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77C8FFE30FC8B08FA" box="[744,867,432,459]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
); pronotal and elytral setae short, apically widened and truncate. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77F56FE55FE9F08DE" bold="true" box="[305,375,469,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Head.</emphasis>
Rostrum 2.1 × longer than wide and 1.6 × longer than head in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77A84FE54FADF08DE" box="[1251,1335,468,495]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
), oval in cross-section. Prementum as in 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77F99FE78FDBA0B22" box="[510,594,504,531]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
. Position of eyes indicated by small glabrous area (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77AFDFE78FB040B22" box="[1178,1260,504,531]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) and in cleared specimens by small mark (probably remnant of an ommatidium). 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77D1DFD9CFC040B07" bold="true" box="[890,1004,540,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Antennae</emphasis>
. Scapes 0.8 × shorter than funicle and club. Funicles with segment 1 longer than 3. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77CE2FDC1FD350B6A" bold="true" box="[645,733,577,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum as long as wide, with sparse fine punctures, distance between them larger than puncture size. Hypomera behind procoxae 1.5 × longer than coxal width. Elytra 1.1 × as long as wide, disc barely convex, setae short, apically widened and truncate. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77D8AFD09FBC40B92" bold="true" box="[1005,1068,649,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Legs.</emphasis>
Femora (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77AF0FD08FAF40B92" box="[1175,1308,648,675]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Figs. 28–30</figureCitation>
) inflated in distal third. Metatibial apex with reduced or well developed mucro. Tarsi with segment 1 shorter than 3–5. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77B4EFD2CFA750BF7" bold="true" box="[1321,1437,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Abdomen</emphasis>
as in 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77EB5FD50FECC0BDA" box="[210,292,720,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77F49FD51FE360BDB" bold="true" box="[302,478,720,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Penis as in 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77C05FD50FD010BDA" box="[610,745,720,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Figs. 31–32</figureCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77C94FD51FC550BDB" bold="true" box="[755,957,720,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Spermatheca as in 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77AF3FD50FB0E0BDA" box="[1172,1254,720,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EA0FD74FE430A3F" bold="true" box="[199,427,756,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Material examined</emphasis>
(
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). 
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<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77C79FD74FD560A3F" box="[542,702,756,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
,
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77CAAFD75FD0D0A3E" box="[717,741,757,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: QLD Undara NP / Bayliss Cave / 
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<date id="FFEC105AD671FFD77AA2FD74FABB0A3E" box="[1221,1363,756,783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" value="1985-06-15">15 Jun 1985</date>
/ F.G. Howarth, F.D. Stone / J. Bresnan BY66 // On cornflakes bait / Cave sections The Wall &amp; / Duckunder // 
<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77B6FFC99FA740A02" box="[1288,1436,793,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77EC0FCBCFE700A67" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[167,408,828,854]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EC0FCBCFE700A67" box="[167,408,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Undarobius howarthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Escalona &amp; Oberprieler 2021 (
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). 
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<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77D00FCBCFBE30A67" box="[871,1035,828,854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
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(
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77A04FCBDFB620A66" box="[1123,1162,829,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), same data as 
<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77B5DFCBCFA740A67" box="[1338,1436,828,854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77EF8FCE1FF020A4A" authority="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler, 2021" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[159,234,865,891]" genus="Anic" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">ANIC</taxonomicName>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77E98FCE0FED00A4A" box="[255,312,864,891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="generic">6 ex.</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77F2DFCE1FE650A4A" box="[330,397,865,891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
) “QLD 
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x 
<geoCoordinate id="EE66505DD671FFD77C16FCE1FD0C0A4B" box="[625,740,864,891]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" precision="925" value="144.6">144º 36’E</geoCoordinate>
/ Bayliss Cave Undara NP / 
<date id="FFEC105AD671FFD77A51FCE1FB2B0A4B" box="[1078,1219,864,891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" value="1986-06-12">12 Jun 1986</date>
/ F. Howarth &amp; S. Robson” (
<collectionCode id="ED43AE5FD671FFD77F6FFC05FED20AAE" box="[264,314,901,927]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77F2AFC04FE6C0AAE" box="[333,388,900,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="generic">5 ex.</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77FF2FC05FE560AAE" box="[405,446,901,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77FADFC05FE190AAE" box="[458,497,901,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
) “QLD 
<geoCoordinate id="EE66505DD671FFD77C28FC05FD470AAE" box="[591,687,901,927]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" precision="925" value="-18.216667">18º 13’S</geoCoordinate>
x 
<geoCoordinate id="EE66505DD671FFD77CADFC05FCD10AAF" box="[714,825,900,927]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" precision="925" value="144.6">144º 36’E</geoCoordinate>
/ Bayliss Cave Undara NP / 
<date id="FFEC105AD671FFD77A10FC05FAE30AAF" box="[1143,1291,900,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" value="1986-05-31">31 May 1986</date>
/ F. Howarth &amp; D. Irwin” (
<collectionCode id="ED43AE5FD671FFD77F53FC29FE8E0AF2" box="[308,358,937,963]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77F1BFC29FE420AF2" box="[380,426,937,963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, “QLD Undara NP / Bayliss Cave / 
<date id="FFEC105AD671FFD77D2AFC29FC0E0AF2" box="[845,998,936,963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" value="1985-05-22">22 May 1985</date>
/ F.D. Stone, F.G. Howarth / D. Irwin BY8B / [dissected]” (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77FEEFC4DFE3C0AD6" authority="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler, 2021" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[393,468,973,999]" genus="Anic" pageId="4" pageNumber="219" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">ANIC</taxonomicName>
); all labelled “ 
<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77C14FC4DFCE90AD6" box="[627,769,973,999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77D70FC4CFBE00AD7" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[791,1032,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77D70FC4CFBE00AD7" box="[791,1032,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Undarobius howarthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Escalona &amp; Oberprieler 2021”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD671FFD77EA0FC70FE2D0D62" blockId="4.[151,1437,288,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EA0FC70FE530D3A" bold="true" box="[199,443,1008,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC7D671FFD77FA2FC70FE290D62" collectorName="Francis G. Howarth" country="United States of America" location="Undara Lava Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
The species is named for the biospeleologist 
<collectorName id="26A7534CD671FFD77DB3FC70FB510D3B" box="[980,1209,1008,1035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Francis G. Howarth</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="4996F878D671FFD77AACFC70FAF60D3B" box="[1227,1310,1008,1034]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
Biological Survey, 
<collectingRegion id="4996F878D671FFD77E95FB94FEAE0D1F" box="[242,326,1044,1070]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F345760AD671FFD77F37FB95FE770D1E" box="[336,415,1045,1071]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
), one of the discoverers of this exceptional cave inhabitant as well as of other animals of the 
<location id="8E8D6041D671FFD77EF0FBB8FE820D62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB878CD671FFD77EF0FF17FAEF0CA6:8E8D6041D671FFD77EF0FBB8FE820D62" box="[151,362,1080,1107]" country="United States of America" name="Undara Lava Cave" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" stateProvince="Hawaii">Undara Lava Cave</location>
system
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486511D671FFD77EA0FBDCFAEF0CA6" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD671FFD77EA0FBDCFAEF0CA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,288,1431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EA0FBDCFEA50D47" bold="true" box="[199,333,1116,1142]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Comments.</emphasis>
All specimens were collected in a deep section of Bayliss Cave known as The Wall, which is about 
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from the entrance and part of the “stagnant-air” or “bad-air” zone as it has a high concentration of carbon dioxide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD671FFD77E90FB24FE720D8E" author="Howarth, F. G." box="[247,410,1188,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" pagination="76 - 84" refId="ref8728" refString="Howarth, F. G. (1988) Environmental ecology of North Queensland caves: or why there are so many troglobites in Australia. In: Pearson, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17 th Biennial (Tropicon) Conference. Australian Speleological Federation, Cairns, pp. 76 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1988">Howarth 1988</bibRefCitation>
). The weevils were collected at bait put out on the cave floor, the 
<typeStatus id="54E98838D671FFD77A05FB24FB2A0D8F" box="[1122,1218,1188,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D54FD13D671FFD77A91FB25FA6A0D8E" box="[1270,1410,1189,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
at cornflakes and the others at pieces of sweet potato tuber (
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77D62FB49FC540DD3" box="[773,956,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77D62FB49FC540DD3" box="[773,956,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77D9AFB48FBA70DD2" box="[1021,1103,1224,1251]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1558,1582]" captionTargetBox="[155,1424,190,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1435,181,1533]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Selected Australian anophthalmic and microphthalmic Curculionidae. 1—Hexonomys reginalis Kuschel (SL 0.9 mm); 2—Myrtonymus moorei Kuschel (SL 0.9 mm); 3—Notiomimetes pascoei Wollaston (SL 1.3 mm); 4—Wollastonicis minutus Lea (SL 1.6 mm); 5—Tasmanica sp. (SL 1.7 mm, Tas, Kettering); 6—Listroderini undetermined genus (SL 3.8 mm, SA, Kelly Hill Cave, Kangaroo Island, ANIC); 7—Cryptorhynchini undetermined genus (SL 2.7 mm, WA, Mt. Trafalgar, ANIC); 8—Halorhynchus caecus Wollaston (SL 1.6 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225802/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD671FFD77A16FB48FA860DD2" author="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D." box="[1137,1390,1224,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" pagination="207 - 218" refId="ref8681" refString="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D. (1990) Elevated carbon dioxide levels in Bayliss Cave, Australia: implications for the evolution of obligate cave species. Pacific Science, 44 (3), 207 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Howarth &amp; Stone 1990</bibRefCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD671FFD77EF0FB6CFF0B0C36" box="[151,227,1260,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">
Fig. 
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</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD671FFD77F60FB6DFE6F0C36" author="Stone, F. D." box="[263,391,1261,1287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" pagination="47 - 58" refId="ref9938" refString="Stone, F. D. (2010) Bayliss Lava Tube and the discovery of a rich cave fauna in tropical Australia. In: Middleton, G. J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14 th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology. Organising Group, 14 th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2010, pp. 47 - 58." type="journal article" year="2010">Stone 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Bayliss Cave contains abundant organic material, mainly bat guano and root tresses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD671FFD77B5DFB6CFEDE0C1A" author="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="211" pagination="207 - 218" refId="ref8681" refString="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D. (1990) Elevated carbon dioxide levels in Bayliss Cave, Australia: implications for the evolution of obligate cave species. Pacific Science, 44 (3), 207 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Howarth &amp; Stone 1990</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD671FFD77F2DFA91FDF10C1A" author="Stone, F. D. &amp; Howarth, F. G. &amp; Hoch, H. &amp; Ashe, M." box="[330,537,1296,1323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" pagination="658 - 664" refId="ref10003" refString="Stone, F. D., Howarth, F. G., Hoch, H. &amp; Ashe, M. (2012) Root communities in lava tubes. In: White, W. B. &amp; Culver, D. C. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Caves. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 658 - 664. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 383832 - 2.00097 - 9" type="book chapter" year="2012">
Stone 
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77FF7FA91FE290C1B" box="[400,449,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
considered these weevils to be part of the cave tree-root community, functioning as primary consumers of the roots penetrating into the cave from above (identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77A36FAB4FB0C0C7F" box="[1105,1252,1332,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Brachychiton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77A36FAB4FB0C0C7F" box="[1105,1252,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Brachychiton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77A94FAB4FA850C7F" box="[1267,1389,1332,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77A94FAB4FA850C7F" box="[1267,1389,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77EF0FAD9FF3C0C43" box="[151,212,1369,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77EF0FAD9FF3C0C43" box="[151,212,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). As entimine larvae generally feed on roots in the soil, it is possible that those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D671FFD77A14FAD9FB120C43" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[1139,1274,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D671FFD77A14FAD9FB120C43" box="[1139,1274,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="211">U. howarthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do so as well, although they may also live among the root tresses above the cave floor or even in the roof of the caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>