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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e546c2a6-4668-4253-b2e2-b462f23dab8c" ID-PMC="PMC6379322" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-46-1" ID-PubMed="30787668" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1314-4049-46-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 46" ModsDocTitle="The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone" checkinTime="1555333436509" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cripps, Cathy L., Eberhardt, Ursula, Schuetz, Nicole, Beker, Henry J., Vera S. Evenson, &amp; Horak, Egon" docDate="2019" docId="75324A3602B25592F4E313FE6BC3059B" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 46: 1-54" docOrigin="MycoKeys 46" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823" docTitle="Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum Beker, Vesterh. &amp; U. Eberh., Persoonia 35: 116 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="AC18AA047D78FFBFD06BFFFDFF948577" masterDocTitle="The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668136151891" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cripps, Cathy L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eberhardt, Ursula</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schuetz, Nicole</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beker, Henry J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vera S. Evenson,</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Horak, Egon</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>46</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>54</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-46-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156202107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75324A3602B25592F4E313FE6BC3059B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75324A3602B25592F4E313FE6BC3059B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
2.
<taxonomicName authority="Beker, Vesterh. &amp; U. Eberh., Persoonia 35: 116 (2015)" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum Beker, Vesterh. &amp; U. Eberh., Persoonia 35: 116 (2015)</taxonomicName>
Figures 4C, 8, 23 (2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">From aurantius, orange and umbrinus, umber.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Cortina absent. Pileus small, 10-20 mm in diameter, convex, slightly conic-convex, appearing smooth, greasy, not hygrophanous, cream, then buff, pinkish buff, orange brown, can be lighter towards margin but not clearly two-toned, somewhat hoary; margin weakly involute, possibly crenate with a white rim. Lamellae deeply indented, deeply sinuate-arcuate, rather distant, L = 25-40 plus lamellulae, cream, then buff, pinkish buff, milk coffee; edges fimbriate, white but graying, drops visible. Stipe 15-28
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3 mm, equal, bit curved, dingy whitish cream but darkening at base to watery brown (in CLC3093), floccose/pruinose for top third and smooth-fibrous below. Context dingy whitish. Odor faint or raphanoid. Exsiccate: pileus buff, lamellae brown; stipe very thin, whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Basidiospores yellowish brown, slightly amygdaliform, with almost obtuse ends, with tiny apiculus, with slight ornamentation (O2), no loosening perispore (P0, P1), slightly dextrinoid (D1, D2), 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="13(">-13(-</normalizedToken>
14)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, on average 11.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, Q = 1.72. Basidia 30-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate, two- and four-spored. Cheilocystidia long
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
swollen apex, clavate-stiptate, occasionally clavate-lageniform, 40-70
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
at apex, 3-5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in middle, and 3-6.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in base. Pleurocystidia absent. Epicutis thickness 70-100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, with some encrusted hyphae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
, CLC3093 and CLC1822.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="rocky mountain ecology">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rocky Mountain ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In the alpine with willows
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix glauca" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">Salix glauca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix planifolia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="planifolia">Salix planifolia</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. arctica" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="arctica">S. arctica</taxonomicName>
, reported from Colorado, Montana and Wyoming.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rocky Mountain specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
U.S.A. COLORADO: San Juan/Hinsdale County, San Juan Mountains, Stony Pass, with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix arctica" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arctica">Salix arctica</taxonomicName>
, 28 July 2002, CLC1822 (MONT), C. Cripps. WYOMING: Park County, Beartooth Plateau. Frozen Lakes with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. planifolia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="planifolia">S. planifolia</taxonomicName>
, 14 Aug 2014, CLC3093 (MONT), C. Cripps; WY/MT stateline with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. planifolia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="planifolia">S. planifolia</taxonomicName>
, 14 July 2001, CLC1565 (MONT), C. Cripps. Wyoming Creek 6 Aug 2008 with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. arctica" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="arctica">S. arctica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. glauca" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="glauca">S. glauca</taxonomicName>
, HJB12445, C. Cripps &amp; H.J. Beker; HJB12446, C. Cripps; HJB12447, C. Cripps; HJB12448, H.J. Beker; HJB12450, HJB12452, HJB12453, H.J. Beker; HJB12451 with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. planifolia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="planifolia">S. planifolia</taxonomicName>
, H. Knudsen; HJB12454, E. Horak. Upper Wyoming Creek, with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix arctica" order="Malpighiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arctica">Salix arctica</taxonomicName>
, 8 Aug 2008, HJB12456, J. Antibus. Hell-Roaring Plateau, with
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
sp., 14 Aug 2007, ZT12730 (ETH), ZT12731 (ETH), E. Horak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Beker and co-workers (
<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Beker et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Eberhardt, U" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="101 - 137" title="Decrypting the Hebelomacrustuliniforme complex: European species of HebelomasectionDenudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales)." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687704" volume="35" year="2015 a">Eberhardt et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
) showed that
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
cannot be distinguished from the non-arctic-alpine
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. helodes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="helodes">H. helodes</taxonomicName>
J. Favre based on ITS sequencing, but it can be separated from all other members of
<taxonomicName infraspecific-rank="sect." lsidName="H." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="section" section="Denudata">H. sect. Denudata</taxonomicName>
. An ITS tree is given in
<bibRefCitation author="Eberhardt, U" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="101 - 137" title="Decrypting the Hebelomacrustuliniforme complex: European species of HebelomasectionDenudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales)." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687704" volume="35" year="2015 a">Eberhardt et al. (2015a)</bibRefCitation>
. The RM dataset includes more collections of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
(15) than the FE dataset (7). Therefore, it is not surprising that the molecular diversity of the RM sequences is higher than that of the FE dataset (Fig. 4C). There are 0-6 [0] bp differences among the FE sequences of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
, 0-9 [0-3] bp differences among the sequences of RM
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
and 2-11 [0-3] bp differences between
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. helodes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="helodes">H. helodes</taxonomicName>
. Morphologically,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. helodes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="helodes">H. helodes</taxonomicName>
are quite different and can be easily separated, for example
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. helodes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="helodes">H. helodes</taxonomicName>
always has a distinct thickening of the cheilocystidium wall at the apex, a feature that is absent
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
. Further, they occur in very different habitats;
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. helodes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="helodes">H. helodes</taxonomicName>
has never, to our knowledge, been confirmed in arctic-alpine habitats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
may have been confused with
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pusillum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="pusillum">H. pusillum</taxonomicName>
J.E. Lange, although
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pusillum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="pusillum">H. pusillum</taxonomicName>
has much more slender basidiomes that are distinctly two-toned.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenogastraceae" genus="Hebeloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">Hebeloma aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
is squatter and rarely two-toned. Additionally, we are not aware of any confirmed records of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pusillum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="pusillum">H. pusillum</taxonomicName>
in arctic-alpine habitats. Both these species, without any veil (beyond the primordial stage) and with clavate-stiptate cheilocystidia, belong to the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="subsection" subsection="Crustuliniformia">Crustuliniformia</taxonomicName>
subsection of section
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="section" section="Denudata">Denudata</taxonomicName>
. This subsection contains many small species that are arctic-alpine specialists that occur with
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
, and these species have only recently been split out and described (
<bibRefCitation author="Eberhardt, U" journalOrPublisher="Persoonia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="101 - 137" title="Decrypting the Hebelomacrustuliniforme complex: European species of HebelomasectionDenudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales)." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687704" volume="35" year="2015 a">Eberhardt et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
). Collections of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. aurantioumbrinum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="aurantioumbrinum">H. aurantioumbrinum</taxonomicName>
have been confirmed from a number of arctic and alpine habitats, including Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, and Svalbard (
<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Beker et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In the Rockies, this species can be recognized by its alpine habitat, association with willows (primarily
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. planifolia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="planifolia">S. planifolia</taxonomicName>
), small size, lack of veil, and pinkish buff to orange brown uniformly colored pileus often with a white, crenate margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>