treatments-xml/data/03/88/87/038887877E3AFFCD9989FB8AFB5426BD.xml

<document id="BA034FCC7DDD20B347D2B57FD51B699E" ID-CLB-Dataset="32315" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5715bd15-7192-40f2-8248-109345e5519c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="847894" ID-ZooBank="9A5Cf14E-E098-45E3-B6Db-C52773Fd7F14" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1503550590850" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2017" docId="038887877E3AFFCD9989FB8AFB5426BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4311.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4311 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Inseliellum) littosodalis Evenhuis 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="385" masterDocId="FFB1FFFF7E33FFC0991EFFB5FFA42749" masterDocTitle="Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="388" masterPageNumber="373" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1698467148854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5CD7C738C2AB043F28F5A2D81392B6AD">Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4026259A5216B150DE220F18E5DB743">Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038887877E3AFFCD9989FB8AFB5426BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5998911" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132923432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5998911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887877E3AFFCD9989FB8AFB5426BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887877E3AFFCD9989FB8AFB5426BD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3AFFC99989FB8AFE862332" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3AFFC99989FB8AFCD22313" blockId="9.[151,886,1087,1147]" box="[151,886,1087,1114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<heading id="D0D681FD7E3AFFC99989FB8AFCD22313" bold="true" box="[151,886,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99989FB8AFCD22313" bold="true" box="[151,886,1087,1114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3AFFC99989FB8AFC822313" ID-CoL="8GSPK" authority="Craig &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,806,1087,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Inseliellum">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99989FB8AFEAB2310" bold="true" box="[151,271,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99801FB8AFE0C2310" bold="true" box="[287,424,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Inseliellum</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC998A7FB8AFD9F2310" bold="true" box="[441,571,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">littosodalis</emphasis>
Craig &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F87E3AFFC99A2DFBF5FCD22313" box="[819,886,1088,1114]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3AFFC99989FBD6FE862332" blockId="9.[151,886,1087,1147]" box="[151,290,1123,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99989FBD6FEBB2332" box="[151,287,1123,1147]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 30" captionStart-1="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStart-2="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId-0="8.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1453]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1454]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 30. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. FIGURE 30. Simulium (I) littosodalis n. sp. (27). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (28). Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (29). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (30). Holotype. In ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/847906/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIgs. 30–41</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3AFFCC9989FB1FFEC2210E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3AFFCC9989FB1FFEC2210E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1194,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99989FB1FFE8D238A" bold="true" box="[151,297,1194,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99831FB1FFE1A238A" box="[303,446,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Adult female</emphasis>
(based on 7 specImens). 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99BC6FB1FFCB6238A" box="[728,786,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99A3EFB1EFCDB238A" box="[800,895,1195,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1454]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 30. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. FIGURE 30. Simulium (I) littosodalis n. sp. (27). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (28). Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (29). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (30). Holotype. In ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847906/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIgs. 30</figureCitation>
): overall dark blackIsh brown, abdomen slIghtly lIghter ventrally; total length 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC998FEFB7BFDCF23AF" box="[480,619,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99B6BFB7BFD1623AE" box="[629,690,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99BDFFB7AFCB223AE" box="[705,790,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIg. 31</figureCitation>
): wIdth 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99A6FFB7BFBB323AF" box="[881,1047,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.565" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.55">0.55–0.58 mm</quantity>
; depth 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99D77FB7BFAAB23AF" box="[1129,1295,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.39" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.39 mm</quantity>
; postoccIput black wIth vestIture of sparse short black haIrs; frons broad dorsally, narrowed ventrally, frons/head wIdth ratIo 1.0:7.5; frontal angle 50°. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC998D5FAA2FE512267" box="[459,501,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Eye</emphasis>
: mInImum Interocular dIstance 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99A79FAA2FC252267" box="[871,897,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">ca</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99A8DFAA2FC592267" box="[915,1021,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
; eyes dark red, ommatIdIa dIameter 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99989FA8EFEA8221B" box="[151,268,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.012">0.012 mm</quantity>
; 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99809FA89FE96221A" box="[279,306,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">ca</emphasis>
36 down and up at mId-eye. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99B64FA8FFD70221A" box="[634,724,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Clypeus</emphasis>
: wIdth 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99A34FA8EFC35221B" box="[810,913,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
; mottled medIum brown, vestIture of scattered haIrs. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC999FDFAEAFEE4223F" box="[227,320,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99849FAEAFE1B223E" box="[343,447,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIgs. 32</figureCitation>
): total length 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99B6FFAEAFCBB223F" box="[625,799,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.41" valueMax="0.42" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.42 mm</quantity>
; evenly medIum brown, pedIcel subequal In sIze to flagellomere I, that rectangular; flagellomere II 0.5× as long as wIde, III–VII IncreasIng slIghtly In length dIstally, occasIonally varIable, flagellomere IX cone-shaped. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99BFDFA13FCC222F6" box="[739,870,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: feebly developed, 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99D5FFA12FBC622F7" box="[1089,1122,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">ca.</emphasis>
0.27× length of head depth; maxIllary palp (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99856FA7EFE3E22AA" box="[328,410,1483,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIg. 33</figureCitation>
) length 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC998E8FA7EFDF822AB" box="[502,604,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
, palpomeres I and II small, palpomere III small, slIghtly elongated, darker than other palpomeres, proportIonal lengths of palpomere III–V 1.0:1.0:2.0, respectIvely; sensory organ spherIcal, 0.25x length of palpomere III, openIng 0.3× vesIcle wIdth; mandIbles (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99ADEF9A6FBB72162" box="[960,1043,1555,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIg. 33</figureCitation>
) small, not flared dIstally, straIght sIded, 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC999FAF982FF5A2107" box="[228,254,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">ca</emphasis>
. 18 small Inner teeth, outer teeth absent; lacInIa small, wIth 6 and 7 teeth on Inner and outer edge respectIvely; cIbarIum not observed. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99B25F9EFFD28213A" box="[571,652,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Thorax</emphasis>
: length 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99A02F9EEFCD2213B" box="[796,886,1627,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
; scutum blackIsh brown, vestIture of sparse fIne pale haIrs, postpronotal lobe concolourous wIth scutum, vestIture slIghtly longer; scutellum slIghtly paler than scutum, vestIture of sparse very fIne yellowIsh haIrs; postnotum brownIsh, pollInose anterIorly; antepronotal lobe, proepIsternum and fore coxa essentIally bare wIth few haIrs; anepIsternal membrane bare; katepIsternum dark brown, sulcus deep and dIstInct. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99B1DF959FD9F204A" box="[515,571,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99B55F95EFD0E204A" box="[587,682,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIgs. 35</figureCitation>
): membrane slIghtly smoky on anal lobe, length 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99DD6F95FFAF5204B" box="[1224,1361,1770,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
; wIdth 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3AFFC99989F8BAFE87206F" box="[151,291,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 mm</quantity>
; anterIor veIns well expressed, not markedly pIgmented; costa wIth mIxture of haIrs and spInes; Rs wIth spInes and haIrs; a/b ratIo 1:5; r-m cross veIn slIghtly pIgmentatIon and extended onto surroundIng membrane; basal medIal cell well expressed; CuA2 not markedly sInuous; A2 extended nearly to wIng margIn; crescent shaped pIgmentatIon In anal angle. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC998C9F8C8FD8F20DF" box="[471,555,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Haltere</emphasis>
: tan. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3AFFC99B71F8CBFD0020DC" box="[623,676,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3AFFC99BA8F8CBFCA820DF" box="[694,780,1918,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">FIg. 34</figureCitation>
): overall dark brown and hIrsute, forelegs wIth markedly darker tarsomeres, less so on mId and hInd legs; hInd tIbIa slIghtly curved, wIth row of ventral stout spInes poorly expressed and absent from dIstal portIon; calcIpala half wIdth of hInd basItarsus, as long as wIde; pedIsulcus well expressed; tarsomere II 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC98B9FBE9FE65233A" box="[423,449,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">ca</emphasis>
. 2.0× as long as dIstal wIdth; claw (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC9A41FBEEFC16233A" box="[863,946,1114,1139]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 36</figureCitation>
) small, wIth maIn talon moderately curved and evenly tapered, basal tooth small, 0.25x length of claw, heel cone-shaped and InsubstantIal. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9DDCFBCBFA8823DE" box="[1218,1324,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC9C25FBCAFA2B23DE" box="[1339,1423,1151,1175]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 37</figureCitation>
): dorsally evenly black, tergItes paler and mottled; basal scale dark brown, markedly pale medIally, vestIture of short haIrs; tergIte II, 
<date id="FF9F10517E3FFFCC984EFB72FEC82396" box="[336,364,1223,1247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">4x</date>
broader than long, tergItes III–V 
<date id="FF9F10517E3FFFCC9BEEFB72FCAF2396" box="[752,779,1223,1247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">3x</date>
broader than long, remaInder of tergItes markedly broad, vestIture essentIally absent, better expressed on posterIor segments. 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9AC7FB5FFBE7224A" box="[985,1091,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Genitalia</emphasis>
: small; sternIte VIII evenly pIgmented, lackIng mIcrotrIchIa medIally, sparse larger haIrs posterolaterally; hypogynIal valves (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC9DF7FABAFA9A226E" box="[1257,1342,1295,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 38</figureCitation>
), lIghtly pIgmented, vestIture of mIcrotrIchIa and sparse strong haIrs, medIan gap between valves deeply U-shaped, slIghtly narrowed anterIorly, edges slIghtly dIvergent posterIorly and concave, strengthened medIally, smoothly rounded apIcally; genItal fork (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC98BFFACEFE5D22DA" box="[417,505,1403,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 39</figureCitation>
) stem markedly evenly narrowed, not expanded apIcally, lateral arms narrow, strengthened posteromedIally, lateral plates small, elongated posterolaterally, apodemes sharply developed; spermatheca ovoId (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC9893FA76FE4F2292" box="[397,491,1475,1499]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 40</figureCitation>
), small, dark brown, wIth slIghtly wrInkled surface, lackIng Internal spInes, membranous area at junctIon wIth spermathecal duct small wIth fluted edge; cercus lIghtly pIgmented, In lateral vIew bluntly rounded, wIth slIght apIcal depressIon, clump of apIcoventral haIrs not marked, anal lobes small, angulate (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC981BF99AFEFD210E" box="[261,345,1583,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5E66197E39FFCA9989F83EFB9B2096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" targetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E39FFCA9989F83EFB9B2096" blockId="10.[151,1436,1931,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E39FFCA9989F83EFEF020E9" bold="true" box="[151,340,1931,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">FIGURES 31–35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E39FFCA9845F83EFDFC20E8" authority="Evenhuis, 2017" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[347,600,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Inseliellum">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E39FFCA9845F83EFE1F20E8" box="[347,443,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B955EA837E39FFCA98D4F839FE7D20E8" box="[458,473,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">I.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E39FFCA98F6F83EFDFC20E8" box="[488,600,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F87E39FFCA9B41F839FD3D20E8" box="[607,665,1932,1953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E39FFCA9B41F839FD3D20E8" bold="true" box="[607,665,1932,1953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.(33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.(35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5E66197E38FFCB9989F823FAC420A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="384" targetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E38FFCB9989F823FAC420A3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1942,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E38FFCB9989F823FEF120E5" bold="true" box="[151,341,1942,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">FIGURES 36–41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E38FFCB9842F823FDF820E5" authority="Evenhuis, 2017" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[348,604,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Inseliellum">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E38FFCB9842F823FE1820E5" box="[348,444,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B955EA837E38FFCB98D2F82DFE7820E4" box="[460,476,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">I.</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E38FFCB98F5F823FDF820E5" box="[491,604,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657F87E38FFCB9B7DF822FD3A20E5" box="[611,670,1943,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="384" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E38FFCB9B7DF822FD3A20E5" bold="true" box="[611,670,1943,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="384">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.(40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.(41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5E66197E3FFFCC9989FBADFAFB2367" box="[151,1375,1048,1070]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847912/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1026]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC9989FBADFAFB2367" blockId="12.[151,1375,1048,1070]" box="[151,1375,1048,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9989FBADFE842364" bold="true" box="[151,288,1048,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
Type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC98D2FBADFD072367" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[460,675,1048,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC98D2FBADFD072367" box="[460,675,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Simulium littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Tahiti Nui, North Road, PK 42.7. 17 July 2006. Image N. Evenhuis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3FFFCC99D9F9E6FAAB21C7" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC99D9F9E6FAAB21C7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F9E6FEEA2122" bold="true" box="[199,334,1619,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Etymology.</emphasis>
In reference to occurrIng wIth other beach sImulIIds; derIvIng from 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9D4BF9E7FB262122" box="[1109,1154,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">litto</emphasis>
[= “beach”] + 
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9C32F9E7FADF2122" box="[1324,1403,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">sodalis</emphasis>
[= “comrade”, “crony”]; hence a thIrd “beach bum” of sorts. The name Is treated as a noun In apposItIon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3FFFCC99D9F92FFAAD20C2" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC99D9F92FFD0621B2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F92FFE9221FA" bold="true" box="[199,310,1690,1715]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Material.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC985EF92FFE0321FA" box="[320,423,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Holotype</emphasis>
: Female, mIcropInned. Label data [Holo / type] [
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9AF8F92FFA3621FA" box="[998,1426,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9AF8F92FFBF421FA" box="[998,1104,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9D6AF92FFB5621FA" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1974" box="[1140,1266,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Inseliellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inseliellum</taxonomicName>
) / 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9C08F92FFA3621FA" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[1302,1426,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">littosodalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
] [FP: TAHITI ITI: 
<quantity id="4CD99B747E3FFFCC9877F90BFE1E219E" box="[361,442,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
E. / TautIra, 0 m, North Road / beach rubble, 
<date id="FF9F10517E3FFFCC9ACAF90AFBFF219E" box="[980,1115,1726,1751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" value="2006-07-18">18 Jul 2006</date>
/ N. EvenhuIs, P. O’Grady] [BPBM 17,840], (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC987DF951FED921B2" box="[355,381,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">ca</emphasis>
. S17.7667° W149.2719°).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC99D9F8B2FDB4200A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F8B2FE9D2057" box="[199,313,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Four females, mIcropInned; one In glycerIne mIcrovIal on pIn; one slIde mount. Label data as for holotype, but wIth [PARATYPE].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC99D9F8FBFAAD20C2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F8FBFED4202E" box="[199,368,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Other material</emphasis>
: One slIde mount, label data [
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9BD2F8FBFBC6202E" box="[716,1122,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9BD2F8FBFC95202E" box="[716,817,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9A50F8FBFC6C202E" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1974" box="[846,968,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Inseliellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inseliellum</taxonomicName>
)/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9AF8F8FBFBC6202E" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[998,1122,1870,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">littosodalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
] [FP: TAHITI NUI:/ North Road, PK 42.7 / 
<date id="FF9F10517E3FFFCC984FF8C6FE7320C2" box="[337,471,1906,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" value="2006-07-17">17 Jul 2006</date>
, 0 m, beach/ rocks. N. EvenhuIs]. (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9A7FF8C1FCDF20C2" box="[865,891,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">ca</emphasis>
. S17.6474° W149.3103°). (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3FFFCC9DB1F8C6FAA420C2" box="[1199,1280,1907,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1026]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 42. Type locality of Simulium littosodalis. Tahiti Nui, North Road, PK 42.7. 17 July 2006. Image N. Evenhuis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847912/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">FIg. 42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3FFFCC99D9F823FDDB20E6" box="[199,639,1942,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCC99D9F823FDDB20E6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" box="[199,639,1942,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F823FEC420E6" bold="true" box="[199,352,1942,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from TahItI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B651A7E3FFFCD99D9F80EFB5426BD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E36917E3FFFCD99D9F80EFB5426BD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1114,2003]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC99D9F80EFE9F209A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1979,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC985FF80FFDE3209B" authority="Is" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,583,1978,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC985FF80FFD8A209A" box="[321,558,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Simulium littosodalis</emphasis>
Is
</taxonomicName>
slIghtly smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3FFFCC9A29F80FFBBE209A" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[823,1050,1978,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosocius">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3FFFCC9A29F80FFBBE209A" box="[823,1050,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="385">Simulium littosocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, overall darker In colour and lacks the paler antennal scape and pedIcel of the latter specIes. The frons Is markedly broader than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9C12FF2DFA3F27F9" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[1292,1435,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosocius">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9C12FF2DFA3F27F9" box="[1292,1435,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD99BEFF09FF10279D" box="[160,180,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD99DAFF08FE87279D" box="[196,291,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,198,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1405,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. (16). Holotype, female Simulium (I) littosocius. In ETOH. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (17). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (18). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (19). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (20). Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (21). Cibarium. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847902/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD982CFF09FEF5279D" box="[306,337,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">31</figureCitation>
). The mandIbles of both specIes are parallel sIded (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9AB6FF09FC18279D" box="[936,956,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9AD3FF08FB88279D" box="[973,1068,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1933,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1403,198,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1405,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. (16). Holotype, female Simulium (I) littosocius. In ETOH. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (17). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (18). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (19). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (20). Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (21). Cibarium. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847902/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9D25FF09FBFE279D" box="[1083,1114,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">33</figureCitation>
), not slIghtly flared as In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9C99FF08FF5F27B1" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littopyga">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9C99FF08FF5F27B1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9812FF6AFE5927B1" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[268,509,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9812FF6AFE5927B1" box="[268,509,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">Simulium littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has low numbers of teeth on the lacInIa (
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9AF7FF55FB9A27B1" box="[1001,1086,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,193,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[211,1386,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (31). Frontal view of head. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (32). Antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (33). Maxillary palp, lacinia, mandible Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Insert: mandible &amp; lacinia tips. Scale bar 0.02 mm. (34). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847908/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIg. 33</figureCitation>
) and Its legs are more evenly brown and hIrsute than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD98E2FEB0FD2F2654" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[508,651,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosocius">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD98E2FEB0FD2F2654" box="[508,651,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and whIle the calcIpala and pedIsulcus of both specIes are sImIlar, the claws are markedly dIfferent (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD98F9FE9DFE5F2609" box="[487,507,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9B14FE9DFDC22609" box="[522,614,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[209,1384,261,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[209,1384,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. (22). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (23). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (24). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale = 0.02 mm. (25). Abdominal tergites (holotype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (26). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847904/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9B6CFE92FD352609" box="[626,657,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">36</figureCitation>
), wIth 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9BC3FE9DFCC82609" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[733,876,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosocius">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9BC3FE9DFCC82609" box="[733,876,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessIng a large basal tooth and heel; both In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9C99FE9DFEB0262C" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9C99FE9DFEB0262C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller. AbdomInal tergItes dIffer, wIth those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9A74FEF8FBA7262C" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[874,1027,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9A74FEF8FBA7262C" box="[874,1027,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larger (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9D42FEF9FBD4262D" box="[1116,1136,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9D61FEF8FB79262C" box="[1151,1245,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[209,1384,261,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[209,1384,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. (22). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (23). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (24). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale = 0.02 mm. (25). Abdominal tergites (holotype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (26). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847904/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 25</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9DF7FEF9FAAC262D" box="[1257,1288,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">37</figureCitation>
). The genItal forks of both specIes are sImIlar, except that that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9BC2FEC5FC2A26CE" authority="Is" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[732,910,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littosodalis">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9BC2FEC5FCD026C1" box="[732,884,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littosodalis</emphasis>
Is
</taxonomicName>
slIghtly strengthened along the medIal edge of the lateral arms (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD984AFE21FECC26E5" box="[340,360,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9868FE20FE7726E5" box="[374,467,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1454]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 30. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. FIGURE 30. Simulium (I) littosodalis n. sp. (27). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (28). Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (29). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (30). Holotype. In ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847906/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD98C1FE21FE5A26E5" box="[479,510,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">39</figureCitation>
); the hypogynIal valves (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9A07FE21FC8926E5" box="[793,813,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9A25FE20FC3C26E4" box="[827,920,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[209,1384,261,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[209,1384,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 26. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. (22). wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (23). Hind basitarsus, calcipala, pedisulcus. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (24). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale = 0.02 mm. (25). Abdominal tergites (holotype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (26). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847904/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9ABAFE21FC6526E5" box="[932,961,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">38</figureCitation>
) are sImIlar as are the spermathecae, cercI and anal lobes. The cercI both have a shallow dorsoapIcal depressIon and possess an apIcal clump of stIff haIrs, however, not as well expressed as that In 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D127E3EFFCD9B78FE68FD4226BC" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[614,742,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="littopyga">
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9B78FE68FD4226BC" box="[614,742,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">S. littopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that lacks the depressIon (
<emphasis id="B955EA837E3EFFCD9D11FE69FB8726BD" box="[1039,1059,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">cf</emphasis>
. 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9D2FFE68FB2926BC" box="[1073,1165,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,193,1427]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1453]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Simulium (I.) littopyga n. sp. (12). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (13). Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (14). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847900/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">FIgs. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9D87FE69FB1326BD" box="[1177,1207,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1454]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 30. Simulium (I.) littosocius n. sp. FIGURE 30. Simulium (I) littosodalis n. sp. (27). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (28). Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (29). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (30). Holotype. In ETOH. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847906/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">29</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A147E3EFFCD9DDDFE69FB4626BD" box="[1219,1250,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[206,1381,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Simulium (I.) littosodalis n. sp. (36). Claw &amp; basal tooth. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (37). Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (38). Hypogynial valves. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (39). Genital fork. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40). Spermatheca. (Damaged). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (41). Cercus &amp; anal lobe. (Damaged and partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/847910/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="386">41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>