treatments-xml/data/03/A3/87/03A387C8FFDBFFE9FF209F9BA937C56F.xml

<document id="B03A305CE1C1CDEC636F7E01742BFEA1" ID-CLB-Dataset="8401" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec1a3d33-651e-499c-b775-b42a131ec75a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4475126" ID-ZooBank="C369AA2D-29D5-4DDF-BFE2-EA4FC4AD2703" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611818479954" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2021" docId="03A387C8FFDBFFE9FF209F9BA937C56F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4920.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4920 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cratenemertea" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FF9AFFB0FFD8FFEFFFB79937A815C752" masterDocTitle="Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1698925697009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="E7904BCBD3BFD4D064A87D88DF36366E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="670A1B038F95F8E8532C4A4AC412D841">
<mods:title id="353A3FA739A351EBF3D918E693E0FD80">Higher classification of the Monostilifera (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7F867E917DE72B7ACEA76CFC6C97A901" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E0172E81B05CCF92DE947A7761C90C8E">
<mods:roleTerm id="0E19DF987235DF2BD3B446B845CDBFDE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C8CE0245C877528AF69ABA6CCFA4C997">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9540AAAFC9DB1B1CB7774F408703FF66">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="55996BE82B0E08F116A086CBD53A2E4F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D873AC5BF9A6061C5F67E256F6FEB0A8">
<mods:title id="3DA0C343C769F2992168A56150489377">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="753CA52860C16B81EFBD4704D0BF3125">
<mods:date id="2D0EE39EEA7290A230C41898AC7333AD">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="37864ADEEBF26BCB34525240A9DA44CB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D6DC75D75CFDF55FD9976835AB4B4EC9">2021-01-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E2147E04631D20248FC4600E76F14EF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="494A5930E5E8CD74A9C7CEF4796916B8">4920</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="447809AB9389C6E04654CDA38EA6254C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9A121BC5CD083B44451F4E0D7D97CEE1">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="26776F79F357DAB7F7FC38CF7DC9C808" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3F4BB39D3BF19D9DC62DE7998F17C707">151</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F3B1AA0946D79F27E14A55A15AF2D9BB">199</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AA00E965998E9AA5480B80E07FF51AB5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="66ABDD8CF908498815798B51C547CE7A" type="CLB-Dataset">8401</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F77F25D43D8A0813BE222D8428755E29" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4920.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D56856B7C4E21726A83B163095D358E6" type="GBIF-Dataset">ec1a3d33-651e-499c-b775-b42a131ec75a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CE5992A4189789A27EDFE49B608CA1C9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="701E63F2B6DF6C3CBBCE860E3CE73441" type="Zenodo-Dep">4475126</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC14C03E2E7FFED6265DE09D94757516" type="ZooBank">C369AA2D-29D5-4DDF-BFE2-EA4FC4AD2703</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A387C8FFDBFFE9FF209F9BA937C56F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4519271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177309806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4519271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387C8FFDBFFE9FF209F9BA937C56F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387C8FFDBFFE9FF209F9BA937C56F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<subSubSection id="C3106555FFDBFFECFF209F9BA9E3C05C" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209F9BAA37C194" blockId="3.[151,546,1708,1734]" box="[151,546,1708,1734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="D0FD81B2FFDBFFECFF209F9BAA37C194" bold="true" box="[151,546,1708,1734]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209F9BAA37C194" bold="true" box="[151,546,1708,1734]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
Suborder 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFEA29F9BAA37C194" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[277,546,1708,1734]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">CRATENEMERTEA</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF209FC3A9E3C05C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1780,1915]" box="[151,502,1780,1806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209FC3A9E3C05C" box="[151,502,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Morphological circumscription</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106555FFDBFFE9FF709E2EAC6FC7AB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFECFF709E2EAA97C028" blockId="3.[151,1436,1780,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
As given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFED69E2FAA57C060" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[353,578,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1" refId="ref20939" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2003 a) Classification system of the higher taxa of enoplan nemerteans (Nemertea, Enopla). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29 (Supplement 1), S 57 - S 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: RUMB. 0000011717.06390.30" type="journal article" year="2003">
Chernyshev (2003 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFD829E2FAA57C060" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[565,578,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref21190" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2011 a) Comparative Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny of the Nemerteans. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 309 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2011">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011a), members are characterised by having a wickerwork rhynchocoel wall and a single vascular plug; the cerebral organs are located in the brain region, with the possible exception of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFF209E56AA6BC028" authority="(Burger, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[151,638,1888,1915]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209E56A9DAC028" box="[151,463,1888,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFE699E57AA60C028" author="Burger, O." box="[478,629,1888,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref20031" refString="Burger, O. (1890) Untersuchungen uber die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beitragen zur Systematik. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoolgie, 50, 1 - 277. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 135257 # page / 11 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1890">Bürger, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDBFFEBFF209E9FAA25C613" blockId="3.[151,1436,1960,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFF209E9FA959C090" box="[151,332,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Clade definition</emphasis>
Monostiliferans that are more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFECFD6D9EFAACAEC0B4" authority="(Burger, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[730,1211,1996,2023]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFECFD6D9EFAAC04C0B4" box="[730,1041,1996,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDBFFECFBA89EFBACA6C0B4" author="Burger, O." box="[1055,1203,1996,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref20031" refString="Burger, O. (1890) Untersuchungen uber die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beitragen zur Systematik. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoolgie, 50, 1 - 277. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 135257 # page / 11 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1890">Bürger, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
than to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDBFFEBFAA49EFBA9C9C7E3" authority="(Johnston, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1828" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" order="Monostilifera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="lactifloreus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDBFFEBFAA49EFBA903C7E3" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Amphiporus lactifloreus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFE9399A0A9C1C7E3" author="Johnston, G." box="[292,468,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="486 - 491" refId="ref27377" refString="Johnston, G. (1828) Contributions to the British fauna. Zoological Journal, 3, 486 - 491. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 19597 # page / 548 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1828">Johnston, 1828</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. For practical purposes, however, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCEC99A0AC86C7E3" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[859,1171,151,177]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCEC99A0AC86C7E3" box="[859,1171,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will have to be proxied by other cratenemertids for which sequences are available, such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFC25998CAD7BC787" authority="(Johnston, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[914,1390,187,213]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFC25998CACBCC787" box="[914,1193,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes pulchra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB0F998CAD73C787" author="Johnston, G." box="[1208,1382,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="529 - 538" refId="ref27422" refString="Johnston, G. (1837) Miscellanea zoologica. II. A description of some planarian worms. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, 1, 529 - 538. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110264 # page / 543 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1837">Johnston, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFF2099E8A997C7AB" author="Andrade, S. C. S. &amp; Strand, M &amp; Schwartz, M. &amp; Chen, H. &amp; Kajihara, H. &amp; Sun, S. &amp; Junoy, J. &amp; Thiel, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L. &amp; Turbeville, J. M. &amp; Giribet, G. &amp; Sundberg, P." box="[151,386,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="141 - 159" refId="ref19155" refString="Andrade, S. C. S., Strand, M, Schwartz, M., Chen, H., Kajihara, H., D ˆ hren, J. v., Sun, S., Junoy, J., Thiel, M., Norenburg, J. L., Turbeville, J. M., Giribet, G. &amp; Sundberg, P. (2012) Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification on the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics, 28, 141 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2011.00376. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Andrade 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFEB699E8A923C7AB" box="[257,310,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and until molecular data become available for the former. Confusion occurs, therefore, if 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF209834A9C5C64F" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[151,464,259,285]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF209834A9C5C64F" box="[151,464,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not nest within the clade represented by such proxies, once the former is placed in a molecular phylogenetic context.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDCFFEBFF209858ACB6C1F8" blockId="4.[151,1142,367,429]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1187,1681,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF209858A963C6DB" box="[151,374,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Constituent subtaxa</emphasis>
Currently, 28 species in seven genera are recognized in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCD798A4AC16C6FF" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[864,1027,403,429]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6880365FFDCFFEBFBA698A4AC70C6FF" box="[1041,1125,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,476,500]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. List of seven genera and 28 species in Cratenemertea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF756656FFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="DF756656FFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7">Table 1</tableCitation>
). * 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF129FA6AA09C1F8" authority="Chernyshev, 1993" authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="1993" box="[165,540,1681,1706]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Collarenemertes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF129FA6A943C1FB" box="[165,342,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Collarenemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFEEB9FA6AA09C1F8" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[348,540,1681,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref20729" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (1993) A review of the genera of nemerteans allied to Oerstedia (Monostilifera, Tetrastemmatidae) with description of four new species. Zoologischeskii Zhurnal, 72, 11 - 20." type="journal article" year="1993">Chernyshev, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
shares the 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDCFFEBFD249FA5AAD4C1F8" box="[659,705,1682,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCAB9FA6AC8BC1F8" authority="Coe, 1901" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1901" box="[796,1182,1681,1706]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCAB9FA6AC32C1FB" box="[796,1063,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Amphiporus bimaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB999FA5AC8BC1F8" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1070,1182,1682,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref21611" refString="Coe, W. R. (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX. The nemerteans. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 1 - 110. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 81277 # page / 17 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1901">Coe, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF756656FFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7" ID-Table-UUID="DF756656FFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7" box="[151,848,476,501]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF756656FFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" targetBox="[166,1341,517,1668]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDCFFEBFF2098EBAB45C6A7" blockId="4.[151,848,476,501]" box="[151,848,476,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF2098EBA91FC6A6" bold="true" box="[151,266,476,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
List of seven genera and 28 species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFD1A98EAAB59C6A7" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[685,844,477,501]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDCFFEBFF119B32ACDDC1D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<table id="F90AC47EFFDC0010FF119B32AD28C1D6" box="[166,1341,517,1668]" colsContinueIn="7.[166,1298,1401,1989]" gridcols="2" gridrows="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119B32AD28C54F" box="[166,1341,517,541]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<th id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119B32AA47C54F" box="[166,594,517,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Genus</th>
<th id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29B32AD28C54F" box="[789,1341,517,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Species</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119B1AAD28C517" box="[166,1341,557,581]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119B1AAA47C517" box="[166,594,557,581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119B1AAA47C517" authority="Crandall &amp; Gibson, 1998" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1998" box="[166,594,557,581]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119B1AA959C517" box="[166,332,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Achoronemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFEE59B1AAA47C517" author="Crandall, F. B. &amp; Gibson, R." box="[338,594,557,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="173 - 198" refId="ref22388" refString="Crandall, F. B. &amp; Gibson, R. (1998) A second genus of pelagic Cratenemertidae (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Hydrobiologia, 365, 173 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003107332635" type="journal article" year="1998">Crandall &amp; Gibson, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29B1AAD28C517" box="[789,1341,557,581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29B1AACDBC517" authority="(Wheeler, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[789,1230,557,581]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="scoresbyi">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29B1AAC37C517" box="[789,1058,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Achoronemertes scoresbyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB989B1AACD2C517" author="Wheeler, J. F. G." box="[1071,1223,557,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="215 - 294" refId="ref36053" refString="Wheeler, J. F. G. (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. ' Discovery' Reports, 9, 215 - 294." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119B62AD28C53F" box="[166,1341,597,621]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119B62AA47C53F" box="[166,594,597,621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119B62A933C53F" box="[166,294,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Akrostomum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFE9B9B62A9BEC53F" author="Grube, A. E." box="[300,427,597,621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref26020" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers: nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, K ˆ nigsberg, 92 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 40483 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29B62AD28C53F" box="[789,1341,597,621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29B62ABC1C53F" box="[789,980,597,621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Akrostomum stanii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFC6D9B62AC4CC53F" author="Grube, A. E." box="[986,1113,597,621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref26020" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers: nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, K ˆ nigsberg, 92 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 40483 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119B4AAD28C5C4" box="[166,1341,637,662]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119B4AAA47C5C4" box="[166,594,637,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29B4AAD28C5C4" box="[789,1341,637,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29B4AAC80C5C4" authority="(Burger, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[789,1173,637,662]" class="Enopla" family="Oerstediidae" genus="Akrostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29B4AABECC5C7" box="[789,1017,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Akrostomum valdiviae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBB19B49AC9BC5C4" author="Burger, O." box="[1030,1166,638,662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="170 - 221" refId="ref20509" refString="Burger, O. (1909) Die Nemertinen. Deutsche Tiefsee Expedition 1898 - 1899, 16, 170 - 221." type="journal article" year="1909">Bürger, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119B91AD28C5EC" box="[166,1341,678,702]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119B91AA47C5EC" box="[166,594,678,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119B91A9CBC5EC" authority="Friedrich, 1955" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1955" box="[166,478,678,702]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119B91A92EC5EF" box="[166,315,678,701]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cratenemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFEF69B91A9CBC5EC" author="Friedrich, H." box="[321,478,678,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="133 - 192" refId="ref23529" refString="Friedrich, H. (1955) Beitrage zu einer Synopsis der Gattungen der Nemertini Monostilifera nebst Bestimmungsschlussel. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliehe Zoologie, 158, 133 - 192." type="journal article" year="1955">Friedrich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29B91AD28C5EC" box="[789,1341,678,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29B91ACD9C5EC" authority="(Burger, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[789,1228,678,702]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29B91AC25C5EC" box="[789,1072,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB8A9B91ACD0C5EC" author="Burger, O." box="[1085,1221,678,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref20031" refString="Burger, O. (1890) Untersuchungen uber die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beitragen zur Systematik. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoolgie, 50, 1 - 277. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 135257 # page / 11 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1890">Bürger, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119BF9AD28C5B4" box="[166,1341,718,742]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119BF9AA47C5B4" box="[166,594,718,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119BF8A9CCC5B4" authority="Friedrich, 1955" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1955" box="[166,473,718,742]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Duosnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119BF8A922C5B4" box="[166,311,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Duosnemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFE8A9BF9A9CCC5B4" author="Friedrich, H." box="[317,473,718,742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="133 - 192" refId="ref23529" refString="Friedrich, H. (1955) Beitrage zu einer Synopsis der Gattungen der Nemertini Monostilifera nebst Bestimmungsschlussel. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliehe Zoologie, 158, 133 - 192." type="journal article" year="1955">Friedrich, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29BF9AD28C5B4" box="[789,1341,718,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29BF8ACC6C5B4" authority="(Hubrecht, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Hubrecht" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[789,1235,718,742]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Duosnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29BF8AC0AC5B4" box="[789,1055,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Duosnemertes marmorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB9B9BF9ACD9C5B4" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[1068,1228,718,742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="193 - 232" refId="ref26597" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1879) The genera of European nemerteans critically revised, with description of several new species. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1, 193 - 232. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 37312 # page / 205 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1879">Hubrecht, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119BC1AD28C45C" box="[166,1341,758,782]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119BC1AA47C45C" box="[166,594,758,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119BC1A9FCC45C" authority="Friedrich, 1968" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1968" box="[166,489,758,782]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119BC1A953C45C" box="[166,326,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Korotkevitschia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFEFB9BC1A9FCC45C" author="Friedrich, H." box="[332,489,758,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref23588" refString="Friedrich, H. (1968) Sagaminemertes, eine bemerkenswerte neue Gattung der Hoplonemertinen und ihre systematische Stellung. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 180, 33 - 36." type="journal article" year="1968">Friedrich, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29BC1AD28C45C" box="[789,1341,758,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29BC1ACECC45C" authority="(Korotkevitsch, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[789,1273,758,782]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29BC1AC06C45C" box="[789,1043,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Korotkevitschia pelagica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB979BC1ACE7C45C" author="Korotkevitsch, V. S." box="[1056,1266,758,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1416 - 1420" refId="ref28967" refString="Korotkevitsch, V. S. (1961) A new nemertean species and its position in the system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 1416 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1961">Korotkevitsch, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119A29AD28C465" box="[166,1341,798,823]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119A29AA47C465" box="[166,594,798,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119A28AA47C465" authority="Crandall &amp; Gibson, 1989" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[166,594,798,823]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119A28A959C464" box="[166,332,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
Crandall &amp; Gibson, 1989
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29A29AD28C465" box="[789,1341,798,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29A28ACD1C465" authority="(Wheeler, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[789,1220,798,823]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29A28AC0DC465" box="[789,1048,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes africana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB929A29ACA8C465" author="Wheeler, J. F. G." box="[1061,1213,798,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="20 - 49" refId="ref36083" refString="Wheeler, J. F. G. (1940) Some nemerteans from South Africa and a note on Lineus corrugatus M'Intosh. Journal of the Linnean Society, 41, 20 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1940. tb 02371. x" type="journal article" year="1940">Wheeler, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119A70AD28C40D" box="[166,1341,839,863]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119A70AA47C40D" box="[166,594,839,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29A70AD28C40D" box="[789,1341,839,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29A7FACDEC40D" authority="(Ushakov, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Ushakov" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[789,1227,839,863]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29A7FAC0EC40D" box="[789,1051,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes arenaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB9F9A70ACD1C40D" author="Ushakov, P." box="[1064,1220,839,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="289 - 290" refId="ref35535" refString="Ushakov, P. (1927) Eine neue Nemertine des Japanischen Meeres. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 72, 289 - 290." type="journal article" year="1927">Ushakov, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119A58AD28C4D5" box="[166,1341,879,903]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119A58AA47C4D5" box="[166,594,879,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29A58AD28C4D5" box="[789,1341,879,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29A47ACA0C4D5" authority="(Coe, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[789,1205,879,903]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29A47AC21C4D5" box="[789,1076,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes bimaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBF69A58ACB8C4D5" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1089,1197,879,903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref21611" refString="Coe, W. R. (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX. The nemerteans. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 1 - 110. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 81277 # page / 17 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1901">Coe, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
*
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119AA0AD28C4FD" box="[166,1341,919,943]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119AA0AA47C4FD" box="[166,594,919,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29AA0AD28C4FD" box="[789,1341,919,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29AAFACA6C4FD" authority="(Friedrich, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Friedrich" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[789,1203,919,943]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="danae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29AAFAC15C4FD" box="[789,1024,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes danae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBBA9AA0ACB9C4FD" author="Friedrich, H." box="[1037,1196,919,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref23559" refString="Friedrich, H. (1957) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arktischen Hoplonemertinen. Videnskabelige Meddeleser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, 119, 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="1957">Friedrich, 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119AF7AD28C48A" box="[166,1341,960,984]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119AF7AA47C48A" box="[166,594,960,984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29AF7AD28C48A" box="[789,1341,960,984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29AF7AD0DC48A" authority="(Griffin, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Griffin" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[789,1304,960,984]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="drepanophoroides">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29AF7AC69C48A" box="[789,1148,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes drepanophoroides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB3E9AF7AD04C48A" author="Griffin, B. B." box="[1161,1297,960,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref25943" refString="Griffin, B. B. (1898) Description of some marine nemerteans of Puget Sound and Alaska. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 11, 193 - 217. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109565 # page / 265 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1898. tb 54969. x" type="journal article" year="1898">Griffin, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119ADFAD28C352" box="[166,1341,1000,1024]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119ADFAA47C352" box="[166,594,1000,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29ADFAD28C352" box="[789,1341,1000,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29ADEAC85C352" authority="Iwata, 2001" authorityName="Iwata" authorityYear="2001" box="[789,1168,1000,1024]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="fernaldi">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29ADEAC07C352" box="[789,1042,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes fernaldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBAF9ADFAC85C352" author="Iwata, F." box="[1048,1168,1000,1024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="833 - 857" refId="ref27193" refString="Iwata, F. (2001) Nipponnemertes fernaldi, a new species of swimming monostiliferous hoplonemertean from the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, U. S. A. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 833 - 857. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 107511 # page / 283 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="2001">Iwata, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119D27AD28C37A" box="[166,1341,1040,1064]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119D27AA47C37A" box="[166,594,1040,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29D27AD28C37A" box="[789,1341,1040,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29D26AD28C37A" authority="Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2017" authorityName="Gonzalez-Cueto" authorityYear="2017" box="[789,1341,1040,1064]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="incainca">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29D26AC0CC37A" box="[789,1049,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes incainca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBA89D27AD28C37A" author="Gonzalez-Cueto, J. &amp; Castro, L. R. &amp; Quiroga, S." box="[1055,1341,1040,1064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez-Cueto, J., Castro, L. R. &amp; Quiroga, S. (2017) Nipponnemertes incainca sp. n. Adoption of the new taxonomic proposal for nemerteans (Nemertea, Cratenemertidae). ZooKeys, 693, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 693.12015" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gonzalez-Cueto 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFB7D9D26ACE2C37A" box="[1226,1271,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">et al</emphasis>
., 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119D0FAD28C302" box="[166,1341,1080,1104]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119D0FAA47C302" box="[166,594,1080,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29D0FAD28C302" box="[789,1341,1080,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29D0EAD33C302" authority="(Kirsteuer, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Kirsteuer" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[789,1318,1080,1104]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29D0EAC67C302" box="[789,1138,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes madagascarensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBC89D0FAD0AC302" author="Kirsteuer, E." box="[1151,1311,1080,1104]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="289 - 326" refId="ref28720" refString="Kirsteuer, E. (1965) Uber das Vorkommen von Nemertinen in einem tropischen Korallenriff. 4. Hoplonemertini monostilifera. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 92, 289 - 326." type="journal article" year="1965">Kirsteuer, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119D56AD28C32B" box="[166,1341,1121,1145]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119D56AA47C32B" box="[166,594,1121,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29D56AD28C32B" box="[789,1341,1121,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29D56ACBFC32B" authority="(Punnett, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Punnett" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[789,1194,1121,1145]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29D56AC12C32A" box="[789,1031,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes magna</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBA39D56ACB1C32B" author="Punnett, R." box="[1044,1188,1121,1145]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref31761" refString="Punnett, R. C (1903) On the nemerteans of Norway. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 2, 1 - 35. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130366 # page / 55 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1903">Punnett, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119DBEAD28C3F3" box="[166,1341,1161,1185]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119DBEAA47C3F3" box="[166,594,1161,1185]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29DBEAD28C3F3" box="[789,1341,1161,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29DBDACD3C3F3" authority="(Hubrecht, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Hubrecht" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[789,1222,1161,1185]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="marioni">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29DBDAC07C3F3" box="[789,1042,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes marioni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBA89DBEACD5C3F3" author="Hubrecht, A. A. W." box="[1055,1216,1161,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref26658" refString="Hubrecht, A. A. W. (1887) Report on the Nemertea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76, Zoology, 19, 1 - 150. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 29739 # page / 17 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3925" type="journal article" year="1887">Hubrecht, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119D86AD28C39B" box="[166,1341,1201,1225]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119D86AA47C39B" box="[166,594,1201,1225]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29D86AD28C39B" box="[789,1341,1201,1225]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29D85ACAEC39B" authority="(Coe, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[789,1211,1201,1225]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29D85AC29C39B" box="[789,1084,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes occidentalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBFD9D86ACA1C39B" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1098,1204,1201,1225]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119DEEAD28C3A0" box="[166,1341,1241,1266]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119DEEAA47C3A0" box="[166,594,1241,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29DEEAD28C3A0" box="[789,1341,1241,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29DEDACD0C3A0" authority="(Yamaoka, 1947)" baseAuthorityName="Yamaoka" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[789,1221,1241,1266]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ogumai">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29DEDAC1BC3A3" box="[789,1038,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes ogumai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBAC9DEEACABC3A0" author="Yamaoka, T." box="[1051,1214,1241,1266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="55" refId="ref36436" refString="Yamaoka, T. (1947) Emplectonema mitsuii + Amphiporus ogumai + Prostoma roseocepalum. In: Uchida, S. (Ed.), Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan (Exclusive of Insects). Revised Edition. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 1466 + 1468 + 1469. [in Japanese, this is a joint work of 55 authors / submitters with S. Uchida as their representative]" type="book chapter" year="1947">Yamaoka, 1947</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119C35AD28C248" box="[166,1341,1282,1306]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119C35AA47C248" box="[166,594,1282,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29C35AD28C248" box="[789,1341,1282,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29C35AC87C248" authority="(Coe, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[789,1170,1282,1306]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29C35AC01C248" box="[789,1044,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes pacifica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB969C35AC99C248" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1057,1164,1282,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119C1DAD28C210" box="[166,1341,1322,1346]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119C1DAA47C210" box="[166,594,1322,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29C1DAD28C210" box="[789,1341,1322,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29C1CACD4C210" authority="(Johnston, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Johnston" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[789,1217,1322,1346]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29C1CAC04C210" box="[789,1041,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes pulchra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBA99C1DACAFC210" author="Johnston, G." box="[1054,1210,1322,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="529 - 538" refId="ref27422" refString="Johnston, G. (1837) Miscellanea zoologica. II. A description of some planarian worms. Magazine of Zoology and Botany, 1, 529 - 538. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 110264 # page / 543 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1837">Johnston, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119C65AD28C238" box="[166,1341,1362,1386]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119C65AA47C238" box="[166,594,1362,1386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29C65AD28C238" box="[789,1341,1362,1386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29C64ACB8C238" authority="(Coe, 1905)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[789,1197,1362,1386]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="punctatula">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29C64AC3BC238" box="[789,1070,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes punctatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB8B9C65ACB3C238" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1084,1190,1362,1386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119C4DAD28C2C1" box="[166,1341,1402,1427]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119C4DAA47C2C1" box="[166,594,1402,1427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29C4DAD28C2C1" box="[789,1341,1402,1427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29C4CACB0C2C1" authority="Riser, 1998" authorityName="Riser" authorityYear="1998" box="[789,1189,1402,1427]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29C4CAC3FC2C0" box="[789,1066,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes sanguinea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB879C4DACB0C2C1" author="Riser, N. W." box="[1072,1189,1402,1427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="287 - 294" refId="ref32238" refString="Riser, N. W. (1998) New Zealand nemertines from kelp holdfasts: Hoplonemertinea 1. Nipponnemertes sanguinea sp. n. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, 287 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1998.9518157" type="journal article" year="1998">Riser, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119C94AD28C2E9" box="[166,1341,1443,1467]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119C94AA47C2E9" box="[166,594,1443,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29C94AD28C2E9" box="[789,1341,1443,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29C93ACCFC2E9" authority="(Wheeler, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[789,1242,1443,1467]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="schollaerti">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29C93AC3BC2E9" box="[789,1070,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes schollaerti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB8C9C94ACC6C2E9" author="Wheeler, J. F. G." box="[1083,1235,1443,1467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="215 - 294" refId="ref36053" refString="Wheeler, J. F. G. (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. ' Discovery' Reports, 9, 215 - 294." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119CFCAD28C2B1" box="[166,1341,1483,1507]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119CFCAA47C2B1" box="[166,594,1483,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29CFCAD28C2B1" box="[789,1341,1483,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29CFBAD1CC2B1" authority="(Korotkevitsch, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[789,1289,1483,1507]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29CFBAC36C2B1" box="[789,1059,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Nipponnemertes variabilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFB879CFCAD17C2B1" author="Korotkevitsch, V. S." box="[1072,1282,1483,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref29045" refString="Korotkevitsch, V. S. (1983) O stiletakh nemertin i novom vide Cratenemertes (Hoplonemertini, Amphiporidae) iz Antarktiki. Antarktika Doklady Komissii, 22, 137 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1983">Korotkevitsch, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119CC4AD28C159" box="[166,1341,1523,1547]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119CC4AA47C159" box="[166,594,1523,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFF119CC3A9A8C159" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[166,445,1523,1547]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF119CC3A913C159" box="[166,262,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Uniporus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFEBB9CC4A9A8C159" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[268,445,1523,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915
</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29CC4AD28C159" box="[789,1341,1523,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29CC3ACD2C159" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[789,1223,1523,1547]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="acutocaudatus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29CC3AC1AC159" box="[789,1039,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Uniporus acutocaudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFBA29CC4ACD2C159" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[1045,1223,1523,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119F2BAD28C166" box="[166,1341,1564,1588]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119F2BAA47C166" box="[166,594,1564,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29F2BAD28C166" box="[789,1341,1564,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29F2BAD1BC166" authority="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018 b" authorityName="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2018" box="[789,1294,1564,1588]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alisae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29F2BABADC166" box="[789,952,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Uniporus alisae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFC099F2BAD1BC166" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[958,1294,1564,1588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="121 - 139" refId="ref21414" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2018 b) Nemerteans from deep-sea expedition SokhoBio with description of Uniporus alisae sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Reptantia s. l.) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 154, 121 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2017.09.022" type="journal article" year="2018">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119F73AD28C10E" box="[166,1341,1604,1628]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119F73AA47C10E" box="[166,594,1604,1628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29F73AD28C10E" box="[789,1341,1604,1628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29F72AC68C10E" authority="(Punnett, 1901 a)" baseAuthorityName="Punnett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[789,1149,1604,1628]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29F72ABDBC10E" box="[789,974,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Uniporus borealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFC6B9F73AC62C10E" author="Punnett, R. C." box="[988,1143,1604,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="90 - 107" refId="ref31633" refString="Punnett, R. C. (1901 a) On some Arctic nemerteans. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1901 (Vol. II, May-December), 90 - 107. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 99488 # page / 148 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1901. tb 08166. x" type="book chapter" year="1901">Punnett, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A349CFFDC0010FF119F5BAD28C1D6" box="[166,1341,1644,1668]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FF119F5BAA47C1D6" box="[166,594,1644,1668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ditto</td>
<td id="76EB5DE0FFDC0010FCA29F5BAD28C1D6" box="[789,1341,1644,1668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCA29F5AAC9CC1D6" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[789,1161,1644,1668]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFCA29F5AABC4C1D6" box="[789,977,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Uniporus hyalinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFC6F9F5BAC9CC1D6" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[984,1161,1644,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDCFFEBFF209FEFA8ECC1A0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1752,2030]" box="[151,249,1752,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFF209FEFA8ECC1A0" box="[151,249,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDCFFEAFF709FCBAC25C784" blockId="4.[151,1437,1752,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1258]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFF709FCBAA38C044" author="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L." box="[199,557,1788,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="407 - 415" refId="ref35462" refString="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L. (2003) Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 407 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2002.2254" type="journal article" year="2003">Thollesson &amp; Norenburg (2003)</bibRefCitation>
performed an extensive molecular phylogenetic analysis covering all 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFA849FCBAD89C044" box="[1331,1436,1788,1814]" genus="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="major">the major</taxonomicName>
nemertean subtaxa—Palaeonemertea, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFDFD9E17AB15C068" authorityName="Burger" authorityYear="1892" box="[586,768,1824,1850]" class="Anopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heteronemertea" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Heteronemertea</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCBA9E17ABBDC068" authorityName=", Thollesson &amp; Norenburg" authorityYear="2003" box="[781,936,1824,1850]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Monostilifera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFC009E17AD73C069" authority="(Pelagica and Reptantia)" baseAuthorityName="Pelagica and Reptantia" box="[951,1382,1824,1851]" class="Enopla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Polystilifera (Pelagica and Reptantia)</taxonomicName>
, and Bdellonemertea—based on 28S rRNA, histone H 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5019FFDCFFEBFD799E73AB00C00C" box="[718,789,1860,1886]" degrees="3, 16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" precision="555" value="-3.16">3, 16S</geoCoordinate>
rRNA, and COI sequences. Within 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFB019E73A9D9C0D0" authority=", Thollesson &amp; Norenburg (2003)" authorityName=", Thollesson &amp; Norenburg" authorityYear="2003" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">
Monostilifera, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDCFFEBFAE99E73A9D9C0D0" author="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="407 - 415" refId="ref35462" refString="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L. (2003) Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 407 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2002.2254" type="journal article" year="2003">Thollesson &amp; Norenburg (2003)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
introduced two clade names, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFCAC9E5FABABC0D0" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[795,958,1896,1922]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
and Distromatonemertea, stating that “We believe that effective communication is served by providing a name to the sister clade of cratenemertids, which we propose renaming as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFE319E87AA3AC098" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[390,559,1968,1994]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
...” (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFDED9E87AA63C09B" box="[602,630,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">op</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFD339E87AAB5C09B" box="[644,672,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">cit</emphasis>
., p. 414). The problem is that the taxon concept of Cratenemerteacomprising “cratenemertids”—is ambiguous. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFD219EE3AB2CC0BC" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[662,825,2004,2030]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
can be either the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDCFFEBFC4C9EE3ACA1C0BC" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1968" box="[1019,1204,2004,2030]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Cratenemertidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDCFFEBFB0D9EE3ACE8C0BF" box="[1210,1277,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">per se</emphasis>
, or something like ‘hoplonemerteans with the rhynchocoel wall composed of a wickerwork of interwoven longitudinal and circular muscle fibres,’ as the name indicates (the Latin 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFD66998CAB04C787" box="[721,785,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">crâtis</emphasis>
, meaning ‘wickerwork’).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDDFFEAFF7099E8A957C56F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
One of the most remarkable recent findings in hoplonemertean systematics is that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBED99E8AD98C7AB" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[1114,1421,223,249]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBED99E8ACD1C7AA" box="[1114,1220,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Uniporus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFB7C99E8AD98C7AB" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[1227,1421,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
– 1915 has proven to belong actually in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDE29834AC95C64C" authority="(Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova 2018 b)" baseAuthorityName="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[597,1152,259,286]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">
Monostilifera (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFD499834AC62C64C" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[766,1143,259,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 139" refId="ref21414" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2018 b) Nemerteans from deep-sea expedition SokhoBio with description of Uniporus alisae sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Reptantia s. l.) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 154, 121 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2017.09.022" type="journal article" year="2018">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova 2018b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, rather than in Reptantia (
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF289810A93BC610" box="[159,302,295,322]" class="Enopla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="order">Polystilifera</taxonomicName>
), as has long been thought (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFDD69810AB34C613" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[609,801,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann 1914</bibRefCitation>
–1915, 1917; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC0E9810ACA9C613" author="Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G." box="[953,1212,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="167 - 190" refId="ref33545" refString="Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1934) Some remarks on North Atlantic non-pelagic Polystilifera. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 77, 167 - 190." type="journal article" year="1934">Stiasny-Wijnhoff 1934</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFB709810A8C6C637" author="Harlin, M. &amp; Sundberg, P." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1211 - 1229" refId="ref26207" refString="Harlin, M. &amp; Sundberg, P. (1995) Cladistic analysis of the eureptantic nemerteans (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea). Invertebrate Systematics, 9, 1211 - 1229. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9951211" type="journal article" year="1995">Härlin &amp; Sundberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
). The structure of the stylet apparatus is not known for any of four congeners [
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBFD987CA8C4C6DB" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="acutocaudatus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBFD987CAD1AC637" box="[1098,1295,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">U. acutocaudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFAA0987CA8C4C6DB" author="Brinkmann, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFE9F9858AB08C6DB" authority="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018 b" authorityName="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2018" box="[296,797,367,393]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alisae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFE9F9858A985C6DB" box="[296,400,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">U. alisae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFE2C9858AB08C6DB" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[411,797,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 139" refId="ref21414" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2018 b) Nemerteans from deep-sea expedition SokhoBio with description of Uniporus alisae sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Reptantia s. l.) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 154, 121 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2017.09.022" type="journal article" year="2018">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC9B9858AC6DC6DB" authority="(Punnett, 1901 a)" baseAuthorityName="Punnett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[812,1144,367,393]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFC9B9858ABB8C6DB" box="[812,941,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">U. borealis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC089858AC65C6DB" author="Punnett, R. C." box="[959,1136,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="90 - 107" refId="ref31633" refString="Punnett, R. C. (1901 a) On some Arctic nemerteans. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1901 (Vol. II, May-December), 90 - 107. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 99488 # page / 148 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1901. tb 08166. x" type="book chapter" year="1901">Punnett, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFB3F9858A8C4C6FF" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFB3F9858AD18C6DB" box="[1160,1293,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">U. hyalinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFAA09858A8C4C6FF" author="Brinkmann, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915], as the proboscis tends to be lost while dredging. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFCE798A4ABAFC6FE" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[848,954,403,428]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFCE798A4ABAFC6FE" box="[848,954,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Uniporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed in Reptantia due to anatomical similarities to other reptantians, such as the interwoven rhynchocoel wall and the rhynchocoelic lateral diverticula; the latter is branched in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFE7698ECAA3EC6A6" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[449,555,475,500]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFE7698ECAA3EC6A6" box="[449,555,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Uniporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and unique among Reptantia. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC2B98ECAD39C6A4" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[924,1324,475,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 139" refId="ref21414" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2018 b) Nemerteans from deep-sea expedition SokhoBio with description of Uniporus alisae sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Reptantia s. l.) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Deep-Sea Research, Part II, 154, 121 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2017.09.022" type="journal article" year="2018">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2018b)</bibRefCitation>
carefully avoided the possibility of DNA contamination for their phylogenetic analysis, in which 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBD298C8ACDFC54B" authorityName="Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2018" box="[1125,1226,511,537]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alisae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBD298C8ACDFC54B" box="[1125,1226,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">U. alisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was nested among 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF209B14A92BC56F" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[151,318,547,573]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDDFFEAFF709B70ABB6C3BB" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
Another recent finding that might be of significance to cratenemertean systematics is that two of the planktonic forms, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF5D9B5CAACDC5D7" authority="(Wheeler, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[234,728,619,645]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="scoresbyi">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFF5D9B5CAA01C5D7" box="[234,532,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Achoronemertes scoresbyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFD919B5CAAC5C5D7" author="Wheeler, J. F. G." box="[550,720,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="215 - 294" refId="ref36053" refString="Wheeler, J. F. G. (1934) Nemerteans from the South Atlantic and southern oceans. ' Discovery' Reports, 9, 215 - 294." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFCA29B5CAD2DC5D4" authority="(Korotkevitsch, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[789,1336,619,646]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFCA29B5CAC25C5D7" box="[789,1072,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Korotkevitschia pelagica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFBF59B5CAD3AC5D4" author="Korotkevitsch, V. S." box="[1090,1327,619,646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1416 - 1420" refId="ref28967" refString="Korotkevitsch, V. S. (1961) A new nemertean species and its position in the system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 1416 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1961">Korotkevitsch, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, may be juveniles of benthic adults (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFE669BB8AB2FC5FB" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[465,826,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="102148" refId="ref21485" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2019) Nemerteans from the deep-sea expedition KuramBio II with descriptions of three new hoplonemerteans from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102148" type="journal article" year="2019">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Among the yields of a vertical tow net from a depth of 
<quantity id="4CF29B3BFFDDFFEAFF019B85A8EBC59F" box="[182,254,690,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
to the surface in the Northwest Pacific off Simusir Island in the Kuril Islands, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFBCC9B84A8F7C5A3" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="102148" refId="ref21485" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2019) Nemerteans from the deep-sea expedition KuramBio II with descriptions of three new hoplonemerteans from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102148" type="journal article" year="2019">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2019)</bibRefCitation>
found a planktonic nemertean. It was 
<quantity id="4CF29B3BFFDDFFEAFD299BE0AAE8C5A3" box="[670,765,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
in length, having transverse lateral cephalic furrows without secondary grooves, an orange-pink gut, no eyes, small cerebral organs with bifurcated canal, an interwoven rhynchocoel wall, and remarkably, neither the stylet apparatus nor bulb musculature (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBEA9A28AC9CC46B" box="[1117,1161,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">ibid</emphasis>
, fig. 6A, F, G). In many respects, this planktonic specimen ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDA99A74AAD2C40F" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[542,711,835,861]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
25DS’ resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC269A74ACA2C40F" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[913,1207,835,861]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="scoresbyi">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFC269A74ACA2C40F" box="[913,1207,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Achoronemertes scoresbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFB5B9A74A8E2C4D3" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFB5B9A74A8E2C4D3" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Korotkevitschia pelagica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFEB09A50AA6BC4D3" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[263,638,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="102148" refId="ref21485" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2019) Nemerteans from the deep-sea expedition KuramBio II with descriptions of three new hoplonemerteans from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102148" type="journal article" year="2019">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2019)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC879A50ABC6C4D3" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[816,979,871,897]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
25DS represented a swimming juvenile stage of a benthic species with a 0.4% difference in COI barcode sequence between a benthic adult specimen, ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF2C9A98A94CC49B" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1968" box="[155,345,943,969]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Cratenemertidae</taxonomicName>
sp. IZ 45644’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFDB29A98AAD2C49B" author="Kvist, S. &amp; Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Giribet, G." box="[517,711,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="105 - 119" refId="ref29273" refString="Kvist, S., Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Giribet, G. (2015) Phylogeny of Nemertea with special interest in the placement of diversity from Far East Russia and northeast Asia. Hydrobiologia, 760, 105 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 015 - 2310 - 5" type="journal article" year="2015">
Kvist 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDFC9A98AA69C49B" box="[587,636,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The latter was collected in the Sea of Okhotsk off Iturup Island in the Kuril Islands from depths of 
<quantity id="4CF29B3BFFDDFFEAFDAB9AE4AA88C4BF" box="[540,669,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="198.0" valueMax="213.0" valueMin="183.0">183–213 m</quantity>
; it was 
<quantity id="4CF29B3BFFDDFFEAFD589AE5AB2FC4BF" box="[751,826,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
in body length, having well-developed lateral cephalic furrows with numerous secondary grooves (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFD389AC0ABEFC343" author="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E." box="[655,1018,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="102148" refId="ref21485" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. &amp; Polyakova, N. E. (2019) Nemerteans from the deep-sea expedition KuramBio II with descriptions of three new hoplonemerteans from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Progress in Oceanography, 178, 102148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pocean. 2019.102148" type="journal article" year="2019">Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova 2019</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6B), no eyes (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFB6B9AC0AD3EC342" box="[1244,1323,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">op. cit.</emphasis>
, fig. 6C), an interwoven rhynchocoel wall (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDA39D2CAA77C366" box="[532,610,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">op. cit.</emphasis>
, fig. 6K), and a stylet apparatus with doubled central stylets on the basis (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFF169D08A8FBC30A" box="[161,238,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">op. cit.</emphasis>
, fig. 6D). The implications are that 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFD349D08AA9EC30A" box="[643,651,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">i</emphasis>
) Korotkevitschiidae and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC1F9D08AC74C30B" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1968" box="[936,1121,1087,1113]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Cratenemertidae</taxonomicName>
may be junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF209D54A90CC32F" authorityName="Stiasny-Wijnhoff" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,281,1123,1149]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="family">Uniporidae</taxonomicName>
; and 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFEE69D54A974C32E" box="[337,353,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">ii</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFEC79D54AA33C32F" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1998" box="[368,550,1123,1149]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Achoronemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFEC79D54AA33C32F" box="[368,550,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Achoronemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDEC9D54AB1EC32F" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1968" box="[603,779,1123,1149]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDEC9D54AB1EC32F" box="[603,779,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Korotkevitschia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBF19D54ACEBC32E" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[1094,1278,1123,1148]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBF19D54ACEBC32E" box="[1094,1278,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Proper application of family names requires examining the placement of 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDDFFEAFCF69DB0AB64C3F3" box="[833,881,1159,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
species of each family in a molecular phylogeny, but no sequence data are yet available for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFD329D9CAC66C397" authority="(Burger, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Burger" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[645,1139,1195,1221]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFD329D9CABAAC397" box="[645,959,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Cratenemertes amboinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC669D9CAC79C397" author="Burger, O." box="[977,1132,1195,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref20031" refString="Burger, O. (1890) Untersuchungen uber die Anatomie und Histologie der Nemertinen nebst Beitragen zur Systematik. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoolgie, 50, 1 - 277. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 135257 # page / 11 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1890">Bürger, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFB359D9CA985C3B8" authority="(Korotkevitsch, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Korotkevitsch" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Korotkevitschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pelagica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFB359D9CAD89C397" box="[1154,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Korotkevitschia pelagica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFF289DF8A99DC3B8" author="Korotkevitsch, V. S." box="[159,392,1231,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1416 - 1420" refId="ref28967" refString="Korotkevitsch, V. S. (1961) A new nemertean species and its position in the system. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 40, 1416 - 1420." type="journal article" year="1961">Korotkevitsch, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, or 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFE0C9DF8AB42C3BB" authority="Brinkmann, 1914" authorityName="Brinkmann" authorityYear="1914" box="[443,855,1230,1257]" class="Enopla" family="Uniporidae" genus="Uniporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polystilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hyalinus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFE0C9DF8AA9EC3BB" box="[443,651,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Uniporus hyalinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFD269DF8AB42C3BB" author="Brinkmann, A." box="[657,855,1230,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref19877" refString="Brinkmann, A. (1914 - 1915) Uniporus, ein neues Genus der Familie Drepanophoridae Verrill. Bergens Museums Aarbok, 6, 1 - 29. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 130365 # page / 233 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1914">Brinkmann, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–1915.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDDFFEAFF209C20A994C262" blockId="5.[151,1437,1303,2014]" box="[151,385,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFF209C20A994C262" box="[151,385,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Nomenclatural notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDDFFEAFF709C0CA9B6C1B3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1303,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFF709C0CA9B8C207" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[199,429,1339,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1" refId="ref20939" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2003 a) Classification system of the higher taxa of enoplan nemerteans (Nemertea, Enopla). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29 (Supplement 1), S 57 - S 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: RUMB. 0000011717.06390.30" type="journal article" year="2003">Chernyshev (2003a)</bibRefCitation>
argued that the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDDC9C0CAB1BC207" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[619,782,1339,1365]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC8F9C0CACBDC207" author="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L." box="[824,1192,1339,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="407 - 415" refId="ref35462" refString="Thollesson, M. &amp; Norenburg, J. L. (2003) Ribbon worm relationships: a phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 407 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2002.2254" type="journal article" year="2003">Thollesson &amp; Norenburg (2003)</bibRefCitation>
was nomenclaturally unavailable because it was “accompanied with neither a diagnosis, nor even a single synapomorphy; therefore, it should be referred to as nom. nudum” (
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDEC9CB4AAB6C2CE" box="[603,675,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">op. cit</emphasis>
., p. S63). In fact, however, Article 13 of the Code (ICZN 1999) is not relevant to names at the ranks of phylum, class, order, etc., as Article 1.2.2 provides that “Articles 1–4, 7–10, 11.1–11.3, 14, 27, 28 and 32.5.2.5 also regulate names of taxa at ranks above the family group”. That is, higher taxon names above the family group are supposed to be available even if they were established without being “accompanied by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon” as stipulated in Article 13.1.1 of the Code (ICZN 1999), as long as these names satisfy other articles given in Article 1.2.2., i.e., Articles 21–22 (Date of Publication) and 50–51 (Authorship) of the Code (ICZN 1999). There is thus no rule to be followed to determine the authorship of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC9D9F48ABD8C1CB" baseAuthorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[810,973,1663,1689]" class="Enopla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cratenemertea">Cratenemertea</taxonomicName>
under the current Code (ICZN 1999). For this reason, in this paper, author names and date of publication have intentionally been omitted for names at ranks above the family group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDDFFE9FF709FDCAC6FC7AB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1303,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFEF69FDCA9ECC056" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[321,505,1771,1796]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFEF69FDCA9ECC056" box="[321,505,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC889FDCAC30C057" author="Friedrich, H." box="[831,1061,1771,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="33 - 36" refId="ref23588" refString="Friedrich, H. (1968) Sagaminemertes, eine bemerkenswerte neue Gattung der Hoplonemertinen und ihre systematische Stellung. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 180, 33 - 36." type="journal article" year="1968">Friedrich (1968: 34)</bibRefCitation>
for the following seven nominal species without 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDDFFEAFEE59E38A997C07B" box="[338,386,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
designation: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFD979E38ABC5C07B" authority="Gering, 1912" authorityName="Gering" authorityYear="1912" box="[544,976,1807,1833]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="bergendali">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFD979E38AB3EC07B" box="[544,811,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus bergendali</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC819E38ABC5C07B" author="Gering, G." box="[822,976,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="520 - 523" refId="ref23711" refString="Gering, G. (1912) Neue Nemertinen der schwedischen Westkuste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 520 - 523. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95291 # page / 534 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1912">Gering, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFC689E38A8C7C01F" authority="Griffin, 1898" authorityName="Griffin" authorityYear="1898" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="drepanophoroides">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFC689E38AD28C07B" box="[991,1341,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus drepanophoroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFAFF9E38A8C7C01F" author="Griffin, B. B." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref25943" refString="Griffin, B. B. (1898) Description of some marine nemerteans of Puget Sound and Alaska. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 11, 193 - 217. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109565 # page / 265 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1898. tb 54969. x" type="journal article" year="1898">Griffin, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF689E04AA41C01F" authority="Coe, 1905" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1905" box="[223,596,1842,1869]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFF689E04A9C0C01F" box="[223,469,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus pacificus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFE6A9E04AA41C01F" author="Coe, W. R." box="[477,596,1842,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDD69E04ABEDC01F" authority="Coe, 1905" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1905" box="[609,1016,1842,1869]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDD69E04AB6CC01F" box="[609,889,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus occidentalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFC369E04ABEDC01F" author="Coe, W. R." box="[897,1016,1842,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBB29E04AD82C01F" authority="Coe, 1905" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1905" box="[1029,1431,1842,1869]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="punctatulus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBB29E04AD0CC01F" box="[1029,1305,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus punctatulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFA979E04AD82C01F" author="Coe, W. R." box="[1312,1431,1842,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFF209E60AA53C023" authority="Friedrich, 1957" authorityName="Friedrich" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,582,1878,1905]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="danae">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFF209E60A99FC023" box="[151,394,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Cratenemertes danae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFE239E60AA53C023" author="Friedrich, H." box="[404,582,1878,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref23559" refString="Friedrich, H. (1957) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Arktischen Hoplonemertinen. Videnskabelige Meddeleser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, 119, 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="1957">Friedrich, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFD309E60ACA1C023" authority="Kirsteuer, 1965" authorityName="Kirsteuer" authorityYear="1965" box="[647,1204,1878,1905]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Cratenemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFD309E60ABE2C023" box="[647,1015,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Cratenemertes madagascarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFBB69E60ACA1C023" author="Kirsteuer, E." box="[1025,1204,1878,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="289 - 326" refId="ref28720" refString="Kirsteuer, E. (1965) Uber das Vorkommen von Nemertinen in einem tropischen Korallenriff. 4. Hoplonemertini monostilifera. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 92, 289 - 326." type="journal article" year="1965">Kirsteuer, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In accordance with Article 13.3 of the Code (ICZN 1999), 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFDD79E4CAB0DC0C6" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[608,792,1915,1940]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFDD79E4CAB0DC0C6" box="[608,792,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been nomenclaturally unavailable before 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFA9B9E4CA996C0E8" author="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref24538" refString="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B. (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 18, 453 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1989. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Gibson &amp; Crandall (1989: 463)</bibRefCitation>
made it available by giving a diagnosis and designating 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDDFFEAFBB69EA8A8EEC08F" authority="Griffin, 1898" authorityName="Griffin" authorityYear="1898" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="drepanophoroides">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDDFFEAFBB69EA8AD48C0EB" box="[1025,1373,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Amphiporus drepanophoroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFAD39EA8A8EEC08F" author="Griffin, B. B." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref25943" refString="Griffin, B. B. (1898) Description of some marine nemerteans of Puget Sound and Alaska. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 11, 193 - 217. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109565 # page / 265 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1898. tb 54969. x" type="journal article" year="1898">Griffin, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDDFFEAFEFF9EF4A96DC08F" box="[328,376,1987,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDDFFEAFE6B9EF4AAD0C08C" author="Crandall, F. B." box="[476,709,1987,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="87 - 110" refId="ref22286" refString="Crandall, F. B. (2001) A cladistic view of the Monostilifera (Hoplonemertea) with interwoven rhynchocoel musculature: a preliminary assessment. Hydrobiologia, 456, 87 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1013031900458" type="journal article" year="2001">Crandall (2001: 106)</bibRefCitation>
invoked Articles 69.1 and 69.1.1 of the Code (ICZN 1999), argu-ing 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FF7699A0AA5EC7E3" authority="Coe, 1905" authorityName="Coe" authorityYear="1905" box="[193,587,150,177]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="punctatulus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FF7699A0A9C6C7E3" box="[193,467,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Amphiporus punctatulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FE6E99A0AA5EC7E3" author="Coe, W. R." box="[473,587,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
be the 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDEFFE9FD2E99A0AADCC7E3" box="[665,713,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
species for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FCFA99A0AC10C7E2" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[845,1029,151,176]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FCFA99A0AC10C7E2" box="[845,1029,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FBA599A0AD18C7E0" author="Crandall, F. B." box="[1042,1293,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="87 - 110" refId="ref22286" refString="Crandall, F. B. (2001) A cladistic view of the Monostilifera (Hoplonemertea) with interwoven rhynchocoel musculature: a preliminary assessment. Hydrobiologia, 456, 87 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1013031900458" type="journal article" year="2001">Crandall’s (2001: 106)</bibRefCitation>
“subsequent designation” is invalid as a nomenclatural act, because the 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDEFFE9FCA8998CAB5AC787" box="[799,847,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
fixation had been already done in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FB7D998CA8F0C7AB" author="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref24538" refString="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B. (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 18, 453 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1989. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Gibson &amp; Crandall (1989)</bibRefCitation>
. The authorship of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FE0A99E8AA60C7AA" authorityName="Crandall &amp; Gibson" authorityYear="1989" box="[445,629,223,248]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FE0A99E8AA60C7AA" box="[445,629,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus ascribed to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FCFB99E8AC63C7AB" author="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B." box="[844,1142,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref24538" refString="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B. (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 18, 453 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1989. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Gibson &amp; Crandall (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106555FFDEFFE9FF709834A937C56F" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDEFFE9FF709834A950C683" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FF709834AA37C64F" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[199,546,258,285]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Cosmocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FF709834A978C64F" box="[199,365,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cosmocephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FEC49834AA37C64F" author="Stimpson, W." box="[371,546,258,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref33785" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159 - 165. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30013 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51447" type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was established for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FCB69834ACC9C64F" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[769,1244,258,285]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Cosmocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="beringiana">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FCB69834AC3DC64F" box="[769,1064,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cosmocephala beringiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FB999834ACC9C64F" author="Stimpson, W." box="[1070,1244,258,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref33785" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159 - 165. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30013 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51447" type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FAA79834A9CBC613" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Cosmocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FAA79834A931C612" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cosmocephala japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FE9C9810A9CBC613" author="Stimpson, W." box="[299,478,294,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref33785" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159 - 165. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30013 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51447" type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, without 
<typeStatus id="54B1887CFFDEFFE9FDF19810AA63C613" box="[582,630,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
designation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FCBA9810ABAEC613" author="Stimpson, W." box="[781,955,294,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref33785" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159 - 165. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30013 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51447" type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
). These two species are currently placed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FF20987CA935C637" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,288,331,357]" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FF20987CA935C637" box="[151,288,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Amphiporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Appendix Table); therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FDC6987CAB02C637" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[625,791,331,357]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Cosmocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FDC6987CAB02C637" box="[625,791,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cosmocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently invalid (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FBB5987CAC8CC637" author="Gibson, R." box="[1026,1177,330,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="271 - 561" refId="ref24334" refString="Gibson, R. (1995) Nemertean genera and species of the world: an annotated checklist of original names and description cita- tions, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. Journal of Natural History, 29, 271 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939500770161" type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
). One of these, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FAFD987CA957C6DA" class="Enopla" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Amphiporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FAFD987CA957C6DA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Amphiporus japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FE749858AB99C6DB" authority="(Coe, 1905)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Coe" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[451,908,366,393]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="punctatula">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FE749858AAE9C6DB" box="[451,764,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nipponnemertes punctatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FCBB9858AB91C6DB" author="Coe, W. R." box="[780,900,366,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 318" refId="ref21780" refString="Coe, W. R. (1905) Nemerteans of the west and northwest coasts of America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 47, 1 - 318. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 21167 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1905">Coe, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FC2B9858AC35C6DB" author="Iwata, F." box="[924,1056,366,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="126 - 148" refId="ref26941" refString="Iwata, F. (1952) Nemertini from the coasts of Kyusyu. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 11, 126 - 148. [https: // eprints. lib. hokudai. ac. jp / dspace / bitstream / 2115 / 27119 / 1 / 11 % 281 % 29 _ P 126 - 148. pdf]" type="journal article" year="1952">Iwata 1952</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FB999858ACC1C6DB" author="Kajihara, H." box="[1070,1236,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref27994" refString="Kajihara, H. (2017) Species diversity of Japanese ribbon worms (Nemertea). In: Motokawa, M. &amp; Kajihara, H. (Eds.), Species Diversity of Animals in Japan. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 419 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 56432 - 4 _ 16" type="book chapter" year="2017">Kajihara 2017</bibRefCitation>
). If validated, the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FF6C98A4AA2FC6FF" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[219,570,402,429]" class="Hoplonemertea" family="Amphiporidae" genus="Cosmocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FF6C98A4A994C6FF" box="[219,385,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Cosmocephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FE3E98A4AA2FC6FF" author="Stimpson, W." box="[393,570,402,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref33785" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars II. Turbellarieorum Nemertineorum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 159 - 165. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30013 # page / 175 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51447" type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is to compete for nomenclatural precedence with 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FBD898A4A954C683" authority="Gibson &amp; Crandall, 1989" authorityName="Gibson &amp; Crandall" authorityYear="1989" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Nipponnemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FBD898A4AD32C6FE" box="[1135,1319,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nipponnemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FA9998A4A954C683" author="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="453 - 470" refId="ref24538" refString="Gibson, R. &amp; Crandall, F. B. (1989) The genus Amphiporus Ehrenberg (Nemertea, Enopla, Monostiliferoidea). Zoologica Scripta, 18, 453 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1989. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Gibson &amp; Crandall, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536DEFFDEFFE9FF7098ECA937C56F" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
A proposal to conserve 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FE6698ECABB4C6A7" authority="Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1923" authorityName="Stiasny-Wijnhoff" authorityYear="1923" box="[465,929,475,501]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Valdivianemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FE6698ECAA87C6A7" box="[465,658,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Valdivianemertes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FD2E98ECABB4C6A7" author="Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G." box="[665,929,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="627 - 669" refId="ref33464" refString="Stiasny-Wijnhoff, G. (1923) On Brinkmann's system of the Nemertea Enopla and Siboganemertes weberi, n. g. n. sp. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 67, 627 - 669. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 49277 # page / 763 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1923">Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
against the senior synonym 
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FB5598ECAD7AC6A7" box="[1250,1391,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Akrostomum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FAC198ECA913C54B" author="Grube, A. E." pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref26020" refString="Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen- und Mittelmeers: nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, K ˆ nigsberg, 92 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 40483 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025" type="book" year="1840">Grube, 1840</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FEA198C8A9DDC54B" author="Crandall, F. B." box="[278,456,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref22166" refString="Crandall, F. B. (1993 b) The genus Valdivianemertes Stiasny-Wijnhoff 1923 (Nemertea, Enopla, Hoplonemertea): nomenclatural status and proper systematic position. Hydrobiologia, 266, 175 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00013367" type="journal article" year="1993">
Crandall 1993 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B2FFFDEFFE9FE0E98C8A9DDC54B" author="Crandall, F. B." box="[441,456,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="298 - 301" refId="ref22215" refString="Crandall, F. B. (1994) Case 2888. Valdivianemertes Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1923 (Nemertea): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 51, 298 - 301. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34357801 # page / 75 / mode / 1 up] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7228" type="journal article" year="1994">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1994) has been rejected in Opinion 2016 (ICZN 2003). The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D5DFFDEFFE9FB7698C8AD97C54B" authorityName="Stiasny-Wijnhoff" authorityYear="1923" box="[1217,1410,511,537]" class="Enopla" family="Cratenemertidae" genus="Valdivianemertes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEACCFFDEFFE9FB7698C8AD97C54B" box="[1217,1410,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Valdivianemertes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus invalid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>