251 lines
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251 lines
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<document id="BD05AE49BE349F050D58B62CCBECE15C" ID-CLB-Dataset="121555" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085" ID-GBIF-Dataset="78048bf6-e413-494f-b579-0bc7e59ac73b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6992959" ID-ZooBank="A4CC7782-97F4-4246-B070-1C4FF62B1950" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660323293840" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene, Bae, Jongmin, Roca-Cusachs, Marcos, Kang, Minjoon, Jung, Sunghoon, Melika, George, Pénzes, Zsolt & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2022" docId="039887DFC619FF9FFEE49473BBF5F978" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab085.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozso 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="1348" masterDocId="FFA1FFA7C613FF95FFF1937CBE7DFFE2" masterDocTitle="Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe" masterLastPageNumber="1354" masterPageNumber="1338" pageNumber="1348" updateTime="1699366381939" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7E30C9071A1F344CC2BA47F9C8565B5B">Global phylogeny of the inquilinous gall wasp tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae): first insights and establishment of a new cynipid tribe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEFCE276C711D8D706D1D0566AB9802D">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FDB32AB19C45EE68BF96D626BDBA217">Bae, Jongmin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="521DA34B5EA21E0CEA501A76F3FCBDA5">Roca-Cusachs, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EB3BA4711F1DD68929492ACCBA55E86">Kang, Minjoon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A92D6DB2EFAB3C117F454850569DE499">Jung, Sunghoon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BBDEC9A544B96801EC7A165EFDC15F3">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC3BDCE76EA2E8F5F686F91726787DEC">Pénzes, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA238E2DC2A72EE87F17E6385B9D1927">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8E1E67CEFA53D506E592D5D920025314">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B59DA18F7D4CBF6EB95846BB417CCE9D">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="111661C39CBC20EA7807E558EEFD630F">
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<mods:date id="EE3383738630F40E4EE44AE34596C109">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1F78A691194C26A6FC94902CBB3B35AA">2022-02-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9799BC263814F25270A0E39C92BDD939">195</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B2302CF7D500FC207DA6E52B9DEC290F">1338</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="13F2CBA0792F364A0F186FE6D27CA704" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab085</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CDC2B90DF97781182ACE72B259A23EB" type="Zenodo-Dep">6992959</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039887DFC619FF9FFEE49473BBF5F978" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199088023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6992969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DFC619FF9FFEE49473BBF5F978" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887DFC619FF9FFEE49473BBF5F978" lastPageNumber="1348" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
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<subSubSection id="C32B6542C619FF9FFEE49473BCE5F8C5" box="[277,664,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C9C619FF9FFEE49473BCE5F8C5" blockId="10.[277,664,1807,1832]" box="[277,664,1807,1832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
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<heading id="D0C681A5C619FF9FFEE49473BCE5F8C5" box="[277,664,1807,1832]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" reason="2">
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POSITION OF
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFE5D946CBCE5F8C5" authorityName="Tang, Melika & Bozso" authorityYear="2013" box="[428,664,1808,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Lithosaphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFE5D946CBCE5F8C5" box="[428,664,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">LITHOSAPHONECRUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6542C619FF9FFF529444BBF5F978" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C9C619FF9FFF529444BDF8FDCE" blockId="10.[163,778,1848,1900]" lastBlockId="10.[827,1444,197,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFF529444BF0AF8AF" authorityName="Tang, Melika & Bozso" authorityYear="2013" box="[163,375,1848,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Lithosaphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFF529444BF0AF8AF" box="[163,375,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Lithosaphonecrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described as a
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFD999444BD7CF8AF" box="[616,769,1848,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFD999444BD7CF8AF" box="[616,769,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- like genus exclusively associated with galls on
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFCCA93B9BA15FF39" authority="Blume. In" authorityName="Blume. In" box="[827,1128,197,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFCCA93B9BDA5FF38" box="[827,984,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
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Blume. In
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</taxonomicName>
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accordance with
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFAA893B9BDB6FF1B" author="Bozso M & Tang CT & Penzes Z & Yang MM & Bihari P & PujadeVillar J & Schweger S & Melika G" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11794" refString="Bozso M, Tang CT, Penzes Z, Yang MM, Bihari P, PujadeVillar J, Schweger S, Melika G. 2013. A new genus of cynipid inquiline, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozso (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), with description of four new species from Taiwan and China. Insect Systematics & Evolution 44: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Bozsó
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFCCA9399BD12FF1B" box="[827,879,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, our results support the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFCCA927EBA6CFEF5" authorityName="Tang, Melika & Bozso" authorityYear="2013" box="[827,1041,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Lithosaphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFCCA927EBA6CFEF5" box="[827,1041,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Lithosaphonecrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is clearly separated from other inquiline genera by morphological, molecular and biological peculiarities. In the trees provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFCCA9223BA6DFE96" author="Bozso M & Tang CT & Penzes Z & Yang MM & Bihari P & PujadeVillar J & Schweger S & Melika G" box="[827,1040,350,372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11794" refString="Bozso M, Tang CT, Penzes Z, Yang MM, Bihari P, PujadeVillar J, Schweger S, Melika G. 2013. A new genus of cynipid inquiline, Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozso (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), with description of four new species from Taiwan and China. Insect Systematics & Evolution 44: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Bozsó
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC779223BDC4FE91" box="[902,953,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al</emphasis>
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. (2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFBEF9222BA90FE91" authorityName="Tang, Melika & Bozso" authorityYear="2013" box="[1054,1261,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Lithosaphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFBEF9222BA90FE91" box="[1054,1261,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Lithosaphonecrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recovered as the sister-taxon to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFBB79201BAA1FE70" box="[1094,1244,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFBB79201BAA1FE70" box="[1094,1244,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Saphonecrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFB089201BB5FFE70" box="[1273,1314,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFB089201BB5FFE70" box="[1273,1314,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Ufo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade with low support. However, our results resolve this genus as a sister-taxon to the Palaearctic clade of
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFAC092C7BBE0FE32" box="[1329,1437,443,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFAC092C7BBE0FE32" box="[1329,1437,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Synergus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also with a low support. Hence, the position of this genus within
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC2B9284BA31FDEC" box="[986,1100,504,526]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
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needs to be assessed in more detail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C9C619FF9FFC949115BAA9FD42" blockId="10.[869,1400,617,672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
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DOES
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC5A9115BA3CFD62" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[939,1089,617,640]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC5A9115BA3CFD62" box="[939,1089,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">RHOOPHILUS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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BELONG TO A NEW CYNIPID INQUILINE TRIBE?
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36C9C619FF9FFCCA91CCBA73FB0F" blockId="10.[827,1445,688,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFCCA91CCBDBFFD27" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[827,962,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFCCA91CCBDBFFD27" box="[827,962,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Rhoophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which is endemic to
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3267659C619FF9FFB3991CCBB23FD24" box="[1224,1374,688,710]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(AT), is the sole genus within
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFBA791B2BABAFD06" box="[1110,1223,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
known exclusively from the Southern Hemisphere and the only one not associated with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFBDA9070BAECFCC0" box="[1067,1169,780,802]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
galls on
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFAF19070BB13FCC3" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1280,1390,780,801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC8B9056BA76FCA2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[890,1035,810,832]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
galls on
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFB8C9057BBDFFCA2" box="[1149,1442,810,832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Platytroctidae" genus="Searsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFB8C9057BAAAFCA2" box="[1149,1239,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Searsia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Anacardiaceae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFCB59036BA19FCBC" author="Van Noort S & Stone GN & Whitehead VB & Nieves-Aldrey JL" box="[836,1124,841,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" refId="ref14757" refString="Van Noort S, Stone GN, Whitehead VB, Nieves-Aldrey JL. 2007. Biology of Rhoophilus loewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea:" type="book" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Van Noort
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC259036BA68FCBC" box="[980,1045,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Furthermore, it shows significant morphological differences with respect to the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC4790FABA58FC7E" box="[950,1061,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
genera. Two of the most relevant differences are: (1) the first metasomal tergite is reduced to a smooth dorsal crescent-shaped scale like in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC64909FBABCFC1A" authority="(Ceroptresini)" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="Ceroptresini" box="[917,1217,994,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC64909FBA74FC1A" box="[917,1033,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Ceroptres</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Ceroptresini)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFB21909EBBDFFC15" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1903" box="[1232,1442,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFB21909EBBDFFC15" box="[1232,1442,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Synophromorpha</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC9F977DBAEEFBF5" authority="(Diastrophini)" baseAuthorityName="Diastrophini" box="[878,1171,1025,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Periclistus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC9F977DBD9BFBF4" box="[878,998,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Periclistus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Diastrophini)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, instead of ring-shaped and longitudinally sulcate as in the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFAC3975CBA3AFBB6" authority="(Ronquist et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Ronquist" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">
|
|||
|
|
Synergini (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFCB29742BA41FBB6" author="Ronquist F & Nieves-Aldrey JL & Buffington ML & Liu Z & Liljeblad J & Nylander JAA" box="[835,1084,1086,1108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" pagination="0123301" refId="ref14479" refString="Ronquist F, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Buffington ML, Liu Z, Liljeblad J, Nylander JAA. 2015. Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps. The plot thickens. PLoS One 10: e 0123301." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|||
|
|
Ronquist
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC499743BD89FBB1" box="[952,1012,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 2015
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; (2) in both sexes the second metasomal tergite (T2) is fused with the third (T3) as in the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC279700BA35FB70" box="[982,1096,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but in this case the resulting sclerite does not cover the subsequent metasomal tergites, which are visible and of similar length (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFA8797C6BD83FB0F" author="Van Noort S & Stone GN & Whitehead VB & Nieves-Aldrey JL" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" refId="ref14757" refString="Van Noort S, Stone GN, Whitehead VB, Nieves-Aldrey JL. 2007. Biology of Rhoophilus loewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea:" type="book" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Van Noort
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC7297A4BDC6FB0F" box="[899,955,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, 2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8E36C9C619FF9FFCA2978BBBF5F978" blockId="10.[827,1445,688,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">
|
|||
|
|
In both analyses,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFBDC978ABAC8FAE9" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[1069,1205,1270,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFBDC978ABAC8FAE9" box="[1069,1205,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Rhoophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is recovered as the sister-taxon to the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFB9B9669BAA6FAC9" box="[1130,1243,1301,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with a moderate to strong support (BS = 72, PP = 1.00) (see
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="130A2A4CC619FF9FFAEF9648BB20FAAB" box="[1310,1373,1332,1354]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[163,242,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[452,1146,203,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-26@6.[447,1157,195,1654]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of Synergini. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree resulting from the analysis of combined data of partial sequences of COI, Cytb, 28S D2 and 28S D3. Bootstrap (BS) and posterior probability (PP) values are depicted next to respective nodes, indicating BS in ML method and PPs in Bayesian inference (BI) method (BS/PP). When a clade position is not congruent or clades are recovered in a polytomy in the BI tree, PPs values are presented as ‘--’. Host-plant associations and distribution are shown next to species names by abbreviations and coloured dots.Type species are pointed out with ‘*’ and highlighted in bold. A, Rhoophilus loewi [Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa), CC0]; B, Synergus magnificus [Matthew Buffington (USNM), sent to IL-V]; C, Synergus pseudofilicornis (IL-V); D, Saphonecrus connatus [Arnstein" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6992965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6992965/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This topology is consistent with the latest phylogeny of Cynipoidea obtained by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFBBD960DBB49FA64" author="Blaimer BB & Gotzek D & Brady SG & Buffington ML" box="[1100,1332,1393,1415]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" pagination="155" refId="ref11761" refString="Blaimer BB, Gotzek D, Brady SG, Buffington ML. 2020. Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses re-write the evolution of parasitism within cynipoid wasps. BMC Evolutionary Biology 20: 155." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
|||
|
|
Blaimer
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFB5E960EBA9AFA64" box="[1199,1255,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2020)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, in which the position of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC1296ECBA18FA47" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[995,1125,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC1296ECBA18FA47" box="[995,1125,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Rhoophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
at the base of the tribe as a sister-taxon to the rest of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFB9496D2BAA8FA26" box="[1125,1237,1454,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">Synergini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is well supported (BS = 100). Therefore, and on the basis of molecular, morphological and biological data, we are confident to raise
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC8B9576BD81F9FD" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[890,1020,1546,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC8B9576BD81F9FD" box="[890,1020,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">Rhoophilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to a new, separate tribe,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFAEC9576BBDEF9C2" authority="Lobato-Vila & Bae & Roca-Cusachs & Kang & Jung & Melika & Pénzes & Pujade-Villar, 2022" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Bae & Roca-Cusachs & Kang & Jung & Melika & Pénzes & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2022" box="[1309,1443,1546,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Rhoophilini">Rhoophilini</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, trib. nov., which is characterized both morphologically and biologically at the end of this paper based on the re-description and pictures of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C314D4AC619FF9FFC4895FABA6EF978" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[953,1043,1669,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Rhoophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loewi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFC4895FABA6EF978" box="[953,1043,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">R. loewi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
given by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B38C619FF9FFB8E95F9BBFDF978" author="Van Noort S & Stone GN & Whitehead VB & Nieves-Aldrey JL" box="[1151,1408,1669,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348" refId="ref14757" refString="Van Noort S, Stone GN, Whitehead VB, Nieves-Aldrey JL. 2007. Biology of Rhoophilus loewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea:" type="book" year="2007">
|
|||
|
|
Van Noort
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B945EADBC619FF9FFB0A95FABB4EF978" box="[1275,1331,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(2007)
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|