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<mods:title id="8EC9FEFB9B7B94A862170D27521FB4A5">A review of the genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Qinghai with descriptions of a new subspecies of Colias thrasibulus Fruhstorfer, 1910</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFF14AB886080FC08" ID-CoL="5GJXR" authority="Rose &amp; Schulte, 1992" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,667,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF14AB886391FC09" bold="true" box="[151,394,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Colias arida cakana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFE12AB896080FC08" author="Rose, K. &amp; Schulte, A." box="[401,667,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="93 - 104" refId="ref16020" refString="Rose, K. &amp; Schulte, A. (1992) Ein Beitrag zur systematischen Stellung und subspezifischen Gliederung von Colias arida Alpheraky 1889. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 13 (2), 93 - 104, pls. 1 - 2. [in Germany]" type="journal article" year="1992">Rose &amp; Schulte, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60CFF14ABF560E7FC2E" blockId="2.[151,764,942,1006]" box="[151,764,978,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFF1CABF562F4FC2D" box="[159,239,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[217,1370,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Habitus of Colias taxa ♂♂ &amp; ♀♀ at same scale (Upper half- upper side; lower half- underside). 1—Colias adelaidae adelaidae; 2—Colias arida cakana; 3—Colias wanda wanda. Serial number unique for each specimen. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6333775/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFF78ABF56310FC2D" box="[251,267,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[210,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. Habitus of Colias taxa ♂♂ &amp; ♀♀ at same scale (Upper half- upper side; lower half- underside). 4—Colias arida cakana; 5—Colias wanda wanda. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6333777/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFE94ABF5633CFC2D" box="[279,295,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–7" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[204,1383,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 6–7. Habitus of Colias taxa ♂♂ at same scale (Upper half- upper side; lower half- underside). 6—Colias arida cakana; 7—Colias wanda wanda. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6333779/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFEB0ABF5634AFC2D" box="[307,337,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,182,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 41. ♂ genitalia and 8th tergum (with superuncus) in lateral view at same scale. Serial numbers corresponding to those of specimens. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6333795/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFEDEABF563BEFC2D" box="[349,421,979,1005]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 43" captionStart-1="FIGURE 44" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="26.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[218,1370,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[225,1362,188,1913]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@25.[218,1370,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@26.[225,1362,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 43. 8th tergum in dorsal view at same scale to show superuncus. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 44. ♂ genitalia in dorsal view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333799" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333803" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6333799/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6333803/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">43–44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFE32ABF563E2FC2D" box="[433,505,979,1005]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 46" captionStart-1="FIGURE 47" captionStartId-0="28.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="29.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1372,181,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[220,1368,193,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@28.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@29.[220,1368,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionText-0="FIGURE 46. Ring in lateral view and scaphium in ventral view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 47. Phallus in lateral view and coecum-process in full-face view at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333809" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333811" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6333809/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6333811/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">46–47</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132A2A7BFFBAA60CFD86ABF46039FC2D" box="[517,546,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@31.[234,1353,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 49. Juxta in full-face view (nearly posterior view) at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm. FIGURE 50. Valva in inner lateral and anterior views at same scale. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6333815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6333815/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">49</figureCitation>
–50, 54–56, 65, 68)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFF14AC316096FBEF" ID-CoL="5GJXR" authority="Rose &amp; Schulte, 1992: 102" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,653,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF14AC316371FBEF" box="[151,362,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Colias arida cakana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFEF1AC3E6096FBEF" author="Rose, K. &amp; Schulte, A." box="[370,653,1047,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="93 - 104" refId="ref16020" refString="Rose, K. &amp; Schulte, A. (1992) Ein Beitrag zur systematischen Stellung und subspezifischen Gliederung von Colias arida Alpheraky 1889. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, 13 (2), 93 - 104, pls. 1 - 2. [in Germany]" type="journal article" year="1992">Rose &amp; Schulte, 1992: 102</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 2, figs. 1–3 (TL: south of Qagan Nur, ca 
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NW. Chaka, 
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); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFF44AC106386FB8E" author="Verhulst, J." box="[199,413,1078,1102]" page="512" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFF44AC106386FB8E" author="Verhulst, J." box="[199,413,1078,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="507 - 516" refId="ref16309" refString="Verhulst, J. (1994 a) Fiches specifiques des Colias F. (Colias data sheets). COLIAS ARIDA. Lambillionea, 94 (4), 507 - 516. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1994">Verhulst, 1994a: 512</bibRefCitation>
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, 511- figs. for 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFDB7AC10605CFB8D" box="[564,583,1078,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFDEAAC10608BFB8D" box="[617,656,1078,1101]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
, 514- figs. for biotopes of the sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFBB0AC106693FB8E" ID-CoL="5ZLQ7" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[1075,1160,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFBB0AC106693FB8E" box="[1075,1160,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFB38AC10672BFB8E" ID-CoL="5ZLPW" authorityName="Kotzsch" authorityYear="1930" box="[1211,1328,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baeckeri">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFB38AC10672BFB8E" box="[1211,1328,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. baeckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFF67AC73635DFBAC" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[228,326,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF67AC73635DFBAC" box="[228,326,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and foodplants; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFE78AC7260A8FBAD" author="Hoshiai, A." box="[507,691,1108,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref15351" refString="Hoshiai, A. (1996) Notes of Colias from China and surrounding area (1). In: Koiwaya, S. (Ed.), Studies of Chinese Butterflies. Vol. 3. S. Koiwaya, Tokyo, pp. 211 - 217, pls. 8 - 10. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1996">Hoshiai, 1996: 10</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 66–72 for 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFCDCAC73619EFBAC" box="[863,901,1109,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFC24AC7361D5FBAC" box="[935,974,1109,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
, 217, map with localities; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFB5CAC72676CFBAD" author="Verhulst, J." box="[1247,1399,1108,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref16453" refString="Verhulst, J. (2001) Les Colias du Globe. Monograph of the genus Colias. Plates. Goecke &amp; Evers, Kelterns, 45 pp., 183 pls. [in French]" type="book" year="2001">Verhulst, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 54, figs. 5–24 for 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFE03AC5263BDFB4B" box="[384,422,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFE4AAC5263EBFB4B" box="[457,496,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFE7EAC556086FB4B" author="Dietz, M." box="[509,669,1139,1163]" page="93" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFE7EAC556086FB4B" author="Dietz, M." box="[509,669,1139,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref14565" refString="Dietz, M. (2002) Pieridae. Colias Fabricius 1807. Species and subspecies of the Palaearctic Region. Part 1. Selbstverlag, Solms, 154 pp. [in Germany]" type="book" year="2002">Dietz, 2002: 93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 94- figs. for 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFCA8AC52614AFB4B" box="[811,849,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFCF0AC526181FB4B" box="[883,922,1140,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFC24AC5566EFFB4B" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[935,1268,1139,1163]" page="136" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFC24AC5566EFFB4B" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[935,1268,1139,1163]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="131 - 171" refId="ref15140" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G. (2007) A Synonymic List of the Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 97, 131 - 171." type="journal article" year="2007">Grieshuber &amp; Lamas, 2007: 136</bibRefCitation>
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, synonymic list; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFF44ACB463C2FB6A" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[199,473,1170,1194]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref15180" refString="Grieshuber, J., Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G. (2012) The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807. Jan Haugum's annotated catalogue of the Old World Colias. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 438 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Grieshuber 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFEBDACB5636DFB6A" box="[318,374,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.,</emphasis>
2012: 64
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, discussions on 
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series and 
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locality, pl. 22, figs. 9–16 for 
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&amp; 
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(
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specimens), 58, sympatric record for 
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFE42AC97600EFB08" box="[449,533,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFDC5AC9760BCFB08" box="[582,679,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
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, description of biotope and flight pattern; 
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, figs. for 
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&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFF62ACF66313FB27" box="[225,264,1232,1255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
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: figs. for historical 
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from Kukunor.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF14ACC8636CFAC5" box="[151,375,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Colias arida muetingi</emphasis>
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, pl. 1, figs. 5–11 (TL: 
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or less SW. Jiayuguan, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBAA60CFB1CACC866FFFAC6" box="[1183,1252,1262,1286]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Gansu</collectingRegion>
); 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFB75ACC862EBFAE4" author="Verhulst, J." page="509" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1994">
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</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFF79AD2A63ABFAE5" author="Hoshiai, A." box="[250,432,1292,1317]" page="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="1996">
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</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 58–61 for 
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&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFD0BAD2B6087FAE4" box="[648,668,1293,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; 
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: pl. 53, figs. 13–24 for 
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&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFBEEAD2B668FFAE4" box="[1133,1172,1293,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
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</treatmentCitation>
, 94- figs. for 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFF69AD0A630BFA83" box="[234,272,1324,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFEACAD0A634DFA83" box="[303,342,1324,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AB010EFFFBAA60CFEE2AD0D60BCFA83" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[353,679,1323,1347]" page="136" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFEE2AD0D60BCFA83" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[353,679,1323,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="131 - 171" refId="ref15140" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G. (2007) A Synonymic List of the Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 97, 131 - 171." type="journal article" year="2007">Grieshuber &amp; Lamas, 2007: 136</bibRefCitation>
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, synonymic list, 165, synonymy for 
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFB97AD0D66FAFA83" box="[1044,1249,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Colias arida cakana</emphasis>
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; 
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Grieshuber 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFAE7AD0A6787FA83" box="[1380,1436,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.,</emphasis>
2012: 155–156
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, discussions on 
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series, 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBAA60CFDFDAD6C60B1FAA2" box="[638,682,1354,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">type</typeStatus>
locality and taxonomic status.
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<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF14ADB66361FA6A" bold="true" box="[151,378,1424,1450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
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<collectingCountry id="F306766EFFBAA60CFE0AADB663FDFA6A" box="[393,486,1424,1450]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBAA60CFE71ADB6604AFA6A" box="[498,593,1424,1450]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
: 
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&amp; 
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(
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, 
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), 
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, 
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, 
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</quantity>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFEBE9D6FFBAA60CFAF1ADB66339FA0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="2016-07-17" valueMax="2016-07-19" valueMin="2016-07-17">17– 19.VII.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E45328FFBAA60CFEACAD936397FA0E" box="[303,396,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">K. Song</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFE4EAD926001FA0F" box="[461,538,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
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(
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, 
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), 
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, 
<date id="FFAF103EFFBAA60CFBBFAD9266DCFA0E" box="[1084,1223,1460,1486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="2020-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EFEBE9D6FFBAA60CFBBFAD9266DCFA0E" box="[1084,1223,1460,1486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="2020-07-29">29.VII.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E45328FFBAA60CFB57AD926755FA0F" box="[1236,1358,1460,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">S.-Y. Lang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFA0DAD9262DAFA33" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED00AE3BFFBAA60CFF51ADFE630AFA32" box="[210,273,1496,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">CHH</collectionCode>
, 
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), 
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N. of 
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, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="EFEBE9D6FFBAA60CFC86ADFE618AFA33" box="[773,913,1496,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="2020-07-25">25.VII.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E45328FFBAA60CFC1EADFE660CFA33" box="[925,1047,1496,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">S.-Y. Lang</collectorName>
leg.
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; 
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBAA60CFBDAADFE66BCFA33" box="[1113,1191,1496,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="male">28 ♂♂</specimenCount>
&amp; 
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(
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, 
<collectionCode id="ED00AE3BFFBAA60CFAD2ADFE678BFA32" box="[1361,1424,1496,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">CHH</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCAAC84FFBAA60CFF14ADDA632FF9D6" box="[151,308,1532,1558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Guanjiaoshan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8ECE6025FFBAA60CFEBCADDA6383F9D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887E8FFBAA60AFF14AB886356FDFD:8ECE6025FFBAA60CFEBCADDA6383F9D6" box="[319,408,1532,1558]" country="China" municipality="Guanjiaoshan" name="Tianjun" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" stateProvince="Qinghai">Tianjun</location>
, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="EFEBE9D6FFBAA60CFDC6ADDA60CBF9D7" box="[581,720,1532,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" value="2020-07-25">25.VII.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26E45328FFBAA60CFD59ADDB6129F9D7" box="[730,818,1533,1559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Y. Yang</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6575FFBAA60AFF44AE066356FDFD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60CFF44AE066395F99F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1424,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF44AE066359F9FA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1568,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFECAAE066037F9FA" author="Grieshuber, J" box="[329,556,1568,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref14730" refString="Grieshuber, J (2014) Guide to the butterflies of the Palearctic region. Pieridae Part II. Omnes Artes, Milano, 86 pp." type="book" year="2014">Grieshuber’s (2014)</bibRefCitation>
following statements do not help much in distinguishing this species from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFA00AE0662F9F99E" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFA00AE0662F9F99E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in many cases:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60CFF44AE4E6769F942" blockId="2.[151,1437,1424,2027]" box="[199,1394,1639,1667]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
1) size usually larger than 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFE6CAE4E6040F942" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[495,603,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFE6CAE4E6040F942" box="[495,603,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[but very often there is no difference in size between the two species];
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60CFF44AEAA6305F90A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1424,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
2) male hindwing underside dark submarginal spots obsolete or absent [such feature is frequently found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFA00AEAA62F9F90A" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFA00AEAA62F9F90A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
too];
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60CFF44AEF26342F8BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1424,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
3) female upper side never dark as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFDECAEF260C0F92E" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[623,731,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFDECAEF260C0F92E" box="[623,731,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[some dark females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFC67AEF26659F92E" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[996,1090,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFC67AEF26659F92E" box="[996,1090,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be as dark as some light females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFE92AEDE6360F8D2" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[273,379,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFE92AEDE6360F8D2" box="[273,379,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as Specimens B 
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fig. 2 and C 
<quantity id="4CE99B1BFFBAA60CFCA1AEDE6153F8D2" box="[802,840,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
fig. 3, but this character is usually useful; on the other hand, female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFED3AF3A6021F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[336,570,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFED3AF3A6021F8F6" box="[336,570,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.-X. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFD0AAF3B61A1F8F6" author="Huang, R. - X. &amp; Murayama, S." box="[649,954,1820,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15463" refString="Huang, R. - X. &amp; Murayama, S. (1992) Butterflies of Xinjiang Province, China. Tyo to Ga, 43 (1), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1992">Huang &amp; Murayama, 1992</bibRefCitation>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFC60AF3A635FF89A" authority=": Grieshuber &amp; Lamas 2007" authorityName=": Grieshuber &amp; Lamas" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chrysotheme" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFC60AF3A670BF8F6" box="[995,1296,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. chrysotheme yangguifei</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFAA3AF3A635FF89A" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="131 - 171" refId="ref15140" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G. (2007) A Synonymic List of the Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 97, 131 - 171." type="journal article" year="2007">Grieshuber &amp; Lamas 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; treated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFE44AF6660FDF89A" box="[455,742,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="stoliczkana" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFE44AF6660FDF89A" box="[455,742,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. stoliczkana yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFC90AF6661B7F89A" author="Hoshiai, A." box="[787,940,1856,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref15321" refString="Hoshiai, A. (1993) On two subspecies of Colias recently described from China. Tyo to Ga, 44 (1), 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="1993">Hoshiai 1993</bibRefCitation>
) seems to break this rule greatly, discussed below in details];
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBAA60DFF44AFAE6610FEDD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1424,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
4) style of flight being more straight and a bit higher above the ground, not so zigzag and near the ground as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBAA60CFF36AF8A6339F806" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[181,290,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF36AF8A6339F806" box="[181,290,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[such difference is only evident at a sympatric locality on Road from Caka to Tianjun as 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBAA60CFAA3AF8A6350F82B" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="453" refId="ref15180" refString="Grieshuber, J., Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G. (2012) The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807. Jan Haugum's annotated catalogue of the Old World Colias. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 438 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Grieshuber 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBAA60CFF14AFF762D4F82A" box="[151,207,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
(2012: 58)
</bibRefCitation>
observed, however it has no absolute use for the specimens from other localities; the junior author observed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFEB7A8B1638AFF71" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[308,401,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFEB7A8B1638AFF71" box="[308,401,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Aksai flew very near the ground, 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFCA5A8B1618AFF71" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[806,913,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFCA5A8B1618AFF71" box="[806,913,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Niuxinshan, Qilian flew much higher above the ground, 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE9DA89D6391FF15" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[286,394,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE9DA89D6391FF15" box="[286,394,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Dulan flew high above the ground and often fell suddenly to the ground; the senior author observed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFEB7A8F963BBFF39" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[308,416,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFEB7A8F963BBFF39" box="[308,416,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Demula, SE 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFDCCA8F96092FF39" box="[591,649,223,249]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Tibet</collectingRegion>
could fly in straight line; it seems that both 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFBF4A8F966F8FF39" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[1143,1251,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFBF4A8F966F8FF39" box="[1143,1251,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFA9AA8F9676CFF39" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[1305,1399,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFA9AA8F9676CFF39" box="[1305,1399,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fly higher at the biotopes with bushes but lower at the biotopes with only grasses].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44A9016199FEA5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Moreover, it is noted that size of cell spot on hindwing underside and red markings around cell spot are also individually variable and useless in distinguishing the two species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44A94961ADFE6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Giving a limit for the populations from 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFD0FA94960FDFE49" box="[652,742,367,393]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFC9CA949617CFE49" box="[799,871,367,393]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Gansu</collectingRegion>
only (
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFC31A9496672FE49" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[946,1129,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC31A9496672FE49" box="[946,1129,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida cakana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB21A9496779FE49" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[1186,1378,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB21A9496779FE49" box="[1186,1378,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the following characters are found useful in distinguishing the two species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44A991615BFE35" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
1) male upper side ground color is more with an orange hue in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFC0DA99161F6FE11" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[910,1005,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC0DA99161F6FE11" box="[910,1005,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFBCAA99166AEFE11" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[1097,1205,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFBCAA99166AEFE11" box="[1097,1205,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- this is often useful for a close examination of specimens, but useless for photos;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44A9D96742FDFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
2) female upper side black markings are often deeper and more in contrast with the pale ground color in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFAC3A9D96786FDD9" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[1344,1437,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFAC3A9D96786FDD9" box="[1344,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFF68AA05634CFDFD" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[235,343,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFF68AA05634CFDFD" box="[235,343,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but sometimes some females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFD4EAA056131FDFD" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[717,810,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFD4EAA056131FDFD" box="[717,810,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could approach 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFC67AA056654FDFD" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[996,1103,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC67AA056654FDFD" box="[996,1103,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dull black markings;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44AA6166E4FDA1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1279,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
3) females with pale ground color at subbasal area of forewing upper side all belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB1AAA6166ECFDA1" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[1177,1271,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB1AAA6166ECFDA1" box="[1177,1271,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44AA4D62F2FD0D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
4) female hindwing underside submarginal spots are more uniform in color and less in contrast with the pale ground color in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFED1AAA963A9FD69" authorityName="Alpheraky" authorityYear="1889" box="[338,434,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFED1AAA963A9FD69" box="[338,434,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are usually uneven in color and more in contrast with the pale ground color in 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFA00AAA962F9FD0D" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFA00AAA962F9FD0D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44AAF16735FC9D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
These characters also work for 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFDAEAAF160C9FD31" authority="arida" box="[557,722,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFDAEAAF160C9FD31" box="[557,722,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from W. Kunlun Shan, W. 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFB88AAF1666BFD31" box="[1035,1136,727,753]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
, various populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFA00AAF16328FCD5" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFA00AAF16328FCD5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFEF7AADD63B5FCD5" box="[372,430,763,789]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Tibet</collectingRegion>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE61AADD6121FCD5" authority="Huang, 2021" authorityName="Huang" authorityYear="2021" box="[482,826,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="demula">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE61AADD60BEFCD5" box="[482,677,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda demula</emphasis>
Huang, 2021
</taxonomicName>
from Demula, SE. 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFB8CAADD6656FCD5" box="[1039,1101,763,789]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Tibet</collectingRegion>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB4AAADD62A8FCF9" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB4AAADD62A8FCF9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from E. 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFE96AB39636CFCF9" box="[277,375,799,825]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
seems to break this rule completely, being in common with 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB90AB3966A8FCF9" authority="arida" box="[1043,1203,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="arida">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB90AB3966A8FCF9" box="[1043,1203,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida arida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB6BAB396787FCF9" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[1256,1436,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB6BAB396787FCF9" box="[1256,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida cakana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but entirely different from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE40AB65609BFC9D" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[451,640,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE40AB65609BFC9D" box="[451,640,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFD35AB656160FC9D" authorityName="Huang" authorityYear="2021" box="[694,891,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="demula">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFD35AB656160FC9D" box="[694,891,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda demula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all the above-mentioned characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44AB4166F8FAB9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFF44AB41607FFC40" bold="true" box="[199,612,870,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
Notes on 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFEB9AB40607FFC40" bold="true" box="[314,612,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFEB9AB40607BFC40" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[314,608,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">Colias wanda yangguifei</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
By the help of Dr. X. Zhang (Urumqi), the senior author examined the photos of the 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFEAEABAD6394FC65" box="[301,399,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE31ABAD608CFC65" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[434,663,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE31ABAD608CFC65" box="[434,663,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 73). 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFC88ABAD61EAFC65" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[779,1009,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC88ABAD61EAFC65" box="[779,1009,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFAAAABAD634DFC09" authorityName=": Grieshuber &amp; Lamas" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chrysotheme" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFAAAABAD634DFC09" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. chrysotheme yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBBA60DFEFCAB8863A6FC09" box="[383,445,942,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBBA60DFE71AB89602BFC09" box="[498,560,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
from “Aqikfu, Aljin, East Kunlun (meaning the contiguous area between Aljin and East Kunlun)”, with 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBBA60DFE33ABF563C1FC2D" box="[432,474,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBBA60DFD92ABF56020FC2D" box="[529,571,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
figured (R.-X. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFD69ABF5662AFC2D" author="Huang, R. - X. &amp; Murayama, S." box="[746,1073,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref15463" refString="Huang, R. - X. &amp; Murayama, S. (1992) Butterflies of Xinjiang Province, China. Tyo to Ga, 43 (1), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1992">Huang &amp; Murayama 1992: 2</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 7–8). R.-X. Huang &amp; Murayama (1992) did not indicate the status of the figured specimens. This pair of specimens were traced and photographed by Dr. X. Zhang who visited Prof. R.-X. Huang a few years ago. According to Dr. X. Zhang (pers. comm.), this pair of type specimens were not labeled at all (the senior author visited Prof. R.-X. Huang in 1993 and found that he used to give no label to many specimens kept in his collection, and often changed the labels of the specimens exchanged to him). However, they fit the original figures except for the antennae glued from other specimens. The female 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFF6AAC8D6352FB05" box="[233,329,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(Fig. 74) is actually a 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFDC3AC8D6186FB05" authority="(Esper, [1781])" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[576,925,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysotheme">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFDC3AC8D60F5FB05" box="[576,750,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. chrysotheme</emphasis>
(Esper, [1781])
</taxonomicName>
as 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFC43AC8D667CFB05" author="Hoshiai, A." box="[960,1127,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref15321" refString="Hoshiai, A. (1993) On two subspecies of Colias recently described from China. Tyo to Ga, 44 (1), 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="1993">Hoshiai (1993)</bibRefCitation>
indicated. The type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFF36ACE96386FB29" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[181,413,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFF36ACE96386FB29" box="[181,413,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clarified as follows. R.-X. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFD66ACE9619AFB2A" author="Huang, R. - X." box="[741,897,1231,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="85 - 87" refId="ref15412" refString="Huang, R. - X. (1986) Results of the butterfly expedition to the east of Mt. Kunlun (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition), 1986 (1), 85 - 87. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Huang (1986)</bibRefCitation>
gave the collecting data of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB37ACE96787FB29" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1204,1436,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB37ACE96787FB29" box="[1204,1436,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(misidentified by him at the time as 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFDABACD560A3FACD" authorityName="Menetries" authorityYear="1855" box="[552,696,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fieldii">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFDABACD560A3FACD" box="[552,696,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Colias fieldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in his early publication as: Kalachuka Shan, East Kunlun, 
<quantity id="4CE99B1BFFBBA60DFACDACD46786FACD" box="[1358,1437,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="4350.0">4350m</quantity>
on 
<date id="FFAF103EFFBBA60DFF3AAD316359FAF1" box="[185,322,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" value="1984-07-23">23.VII.1984</date>
at grassy slopes. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFD80AD3160C3FAF2" author="Zhang, L. - Y. &amp; Ai, D. &amp; Zhang, B. &amp; Gu, J. - H. &amp; Huang, R. - X." box="[515,728,1303,1330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref16570" refString="Zhang, L. - Y., Ai, D., Zhang, B., Gu, J. - H. &amp; Huang, R. - X. (1986) Aljin natural protectorate and comprehensive survey for its contiguous zone. Arid land geography, 9 (4), 1 - 20. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1986">
Zhang 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFDD3AD31609CFAF1" box="[592,647,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">et al.</emphasis>
(1986)
</bibRefCitation>
published a brief overview of the 1984 expedition joined by R.- X. Huang and gave a detailed map of the routes and spots explored. Kalachuka Shan is situated to the SE. of Aqikfu lake and a camp is marked at the foot of the mountain, near the co-ordinates 
<geoCoordinate id="EE255039FFBBA60DFC71AD78667FFAB9" box="[1010,1124,1374,1401]" degrees="36.9365" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" precision="5" value="36.9365">36.9365N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE255039FFBBA60DFBECAD7966C5FAB9" box="[1135,1246,1375,1401]" degrees="88.6674" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" precision="5" value="88.6674">88.6674E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60DFF44ADA56753F88D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
The 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFF79ADA56347FA5D" box="[250,348,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Kalachuka Shan, more like a male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFCC8ADA56612FA5D" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[843,1033,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFCC8ADA56612FA5D" box="[843,1033,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from E. Kunlun Shan, 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFA93ADA56776FA5D" box="[1296,1389,1411,1437]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
, appears not so bright as in specimens from the Aljin Shan area between Ruoqiang and Mangai. By the help of Mr. R. Xing (Urumqi) and Mr. Z.-Y. Qi (
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFDBAADED60BFFA26" box="[569,676,1483,1510]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
) the senior author examined a few specimens from Aljin Shan and Qimantag Shan, in addition to the specimens figured in literature (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFCFAADC96664F9C9" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[889,1151,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref15180" refString="Grieshuber, J., Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G. (2012) The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807. Jan Haugum's annotated catalogue of the Old World Colias. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 438 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Grieshuber 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC7DADC96626F9C9" box="[1022,1085,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">et al.,</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFB09ADC9674BF9C9" author="Grieshuber, J" box="[1162,1360,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref14730" refString="Grieshuber, J (2014) Guide to the butterflies of the Palearctic region. Pieridae Part II. Omnes Artes, Milano, 86 pp." type="book" year="2014">Grieshuber, 2014</bibRefCitation>
); these newly collected specimens are in common with 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFD2FAE356196F9ED" author="Grieshuber, J" box="[684,909,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref14730" refString="Grieshuber, J (2014) Guide to the butterflies of the Palearctic region. Pieridae Part II. Omnes Artes, Milano, 86 pp." type="book" year="2014">Grieshuber’s (2014)</bibRefCitation>
specimens in detail. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFB64AE35678CF9ED" author="Dietz, M." box="[1255,1431,1554,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" refId="ref14565" refString="Dietz, M. (2002) Pieridae. Colias Fabricius 1807. Species and subspecies of the Palaearctic Region. Part 1. Selbstverlag, Solms, 154 pp. [in Germany]" type="book" year="2002">Dietz (2002: 95</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 1 &amp; 4) figured a very dark female from a locality “ 
<quantity id="4CE99B1BFFBBA60DFD7EAE10614FF991" box="[765,852,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="km" value="125.0">125 km</quantity>
south of Miran” under the name, 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB49AE116751F991" authorityName="Kotzsch" authorityYear="1930" box="[1226,1354,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baeckeri">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB49AE116751F991" box="[1226,1354,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. baeckeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which cannot be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE62AE7D6086F9B5" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[481,669,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE62AE7D6086F9B5" box="[481,669,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBBA60DFD63AE7D6125F9B5" box="[736,830,1627,1653]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
. It is noted that all these lately collected specimens are not topotypic, being obtained from the localities in Aljin Shan and Qimantag Shan, more than 
<quantity id="4CE99B1BFFBBA60DFB46AE586700F959" box="[1221,1307,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" unit="km" value="150.0">150 km</quantity>
away from the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFEF3AE856043F97D" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[368,600,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFEF3AE856043F97D" box="[368,600,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. By these insufficient and contradictory data, the authors could not make a conclusion on the status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE44AEE160B5F921" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[455,686,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE44AEE160B5F921" box="[455,686,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leaving this to a further study in future. Without a further study on more topotypic specimens (especially 
<specimenCount id="9D17FD77FFBBA60DFDC7AECD6077F8C5" box="[580,620,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
) from Kalachuka Shan, a final conclusion on the taxonomy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFAB2AECD6316F8E9" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFAB2AECD6316F8E9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is impossible. The specimens from Aljin Shan and Qimantag Shan might not belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB69AF2962CCF88D" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB69AF2962CCF88D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whilst the 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFED9AF1563A7F88D" box="[346,444,1843,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFE62AF1560D2F88D" baseAuthorityName="Huang &amp; Murayama" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[481,713,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="yangguifei">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFE62AF1560D2F88D" box="[481,713,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda yangguifei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kalachuka Shan might belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB07AF15675AF88D" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[1156,1345,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB07AF15675AF88D" box="[1156,1345,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBBA60AFF44AF70638CFE81" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFF44AF70636BF8B0" bold="true" box="[199,368,1878,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Identification.</emphasis>
Specimens from Wulan-Tianjun area, neighbouring to the 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFB92AF71665AF8B1" box="[1041,1089,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">type</typeStatus>
locality, are identical with the 
<typeStatus id="54AA885CFFBBA60DFF14AF5D62DCF855" box="[151,199,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFEEEAF5D6036F855" box="[365,557,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFEEEAF5D6031F855" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[365,554,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">C. arida cakana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens from Aksai (previously recorded by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFBD5AF5D66F4F856" author="Hoshiai, A." box="[1110,1263,1915,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref15351" refString="Hoshiai, A. (1996) Notes of Colias from China and surrounding area (1). In: Koiwaya, S. (Ed.), Studies of Chinese Butterflies. Vol. 3. S. Koiwaya, Tokyo, pp. 211 - 217, pls. 8 - 10. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1996">Hoshiai 1996</bibRefCitation>
) are somewhat closer to the populations from W. Qilian Shan (named as 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFC9EAFB961FFF878" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[797,996,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="muetingi">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFC9EAFB961FFF878" box="[797,996,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida muetingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, later treated as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFABDAFB962F3F81D" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFABDAFB962F3F81D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida cakana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, the authors agree to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBBA60DFDD3AFE56191F81D" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[592,906,1987,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" pagination="131 - 171" refId="ref15140" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G. (2007) A Synonymic List of the Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 97, 131 - 171." type="journal article" year="2007">Grieshuber &amp; Lamas (2007)</bibRefCitation>
opinion that 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBBA60DFB9FAFE566FBF81C" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[1052,1248,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="muetingi">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBBA60DFB9FAFE566FBF81C" box="[1052,1248,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">C. arida muetingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not constantly different and does not merit being retained as a valid subspecies. Male specimens from Aksai tend to have an obsolete reddish marking alongside the cell spot on hindwing underside; female specimens from Aksai tend to have a paler ground color on hindwing upper side. As stated for the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBCA60AFC39A8F96698FF38" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[954,1155,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="muetingi">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFC39A8F96698FF38" box="[954,1155,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">C. arida muetingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBCA60AFB2CA8F962FFFEDD" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G." pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="131 - 171" refId="ref15140" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Lamas, G. (2007) A Synonymic List of the Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 97, 131 - 171." type="journal article" year="2007">Grieshuber &amp; Lamas (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, such variations are slight and not constant, and are more possibly caused by different climates rather than geographical isolation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBCA60AFF44A96C6034FE49" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFF44A96C637EFEA4" bold="true" box="[199,357,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Flight period</emphasis>
. Early July to early August, depending on localities and years. It flies earlier at Wulan-Tianjun area than at Aksai in the same years.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBCA60AFF44A9B463C8FE6D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" box="[199,467,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFF44A9B46332FE6C" bold="true" box="[199,297,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Altitude</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="4CE99B1BFFBCA60AFEB4A9B563D5FE6D" box="[311,462,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" unit="m" value="3500.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3400.0">3400–3600m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36FEFFBCA60AFF44A9906356FDFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFF44A99063A7FE11" bold="true" box="[199,444,438,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Distributional notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBCA60AFE40A9916062FE11" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[451,633,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFE40A9916062FE11" box="[451,633,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">C. arida cakana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBCA60AFD33A9916175FE11" authority="wanda" authorityName="wanda Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1907" box="[688,878,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="wanda" subSpecies="wanda">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFD33A9916175FE11" box="[688,878,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">C. wanda wanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sympatric in a few localities (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBCA60AFB6AA9916783FE11" author="Verhulst, J." box="[1257,1432,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="507 - 516" refId="ref16309" refString="Verhulst, J. (1994 a) Fiches specifiques des Colias F. (Colias data sheets). COLIAS ARIDA. Lambillionea, 94 (4), 507 - 516. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1994">Verhulst 1994a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B0FFFBCA60AFF14A9FD6386FE35" author="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[151,413,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" refId="ref15180" refString="Grieshuber, J., Worthy, R. &amp; Lamas, G. (2012) The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807. Jan Haugum's annotated catalogue of the Old World Colias. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice, 438 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Grieshuber 
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFE9EA9FD634CFE35" box="[285,343,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Our collecting data confirmed this at least at Guanjiaoshan, Tianjun where the two taxa were collected from the same locality on same days in early July. 
<taxonomicName id="4C114D7DFFBCA60AFCF7A9D96632FDD9" authorityName="Rose &amp; Schulte" authorityYear="1992" box="[884,1065,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Colias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="arida" subSpecies="cakana">
<emphasis id="B965EAECFFBCA60AFCF7A9D96632FDD9" box="[884,1065,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">C. arida cakana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems not to be found to the east of 
<collectingRegion id="49D5F81CFFBCA60AFF35AA05630BFDFD" box="[182,272,547,573]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
lake.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>