treatments-xml/data/D2/6C/45/D26C4539FFBEFFA67AEE5A62FBB14948.xml

<document id="FA9832D237ABC4C73B289C8E1AD685B3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.209562" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b440e38-07be-4179-b3a4-59df1589cc5a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="209562" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460538743859" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hara, Hideho &amp; Smith, David R." docDate="2012" docId="D26C4539FFBEFFA67AEE5A62FBB14948" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03503p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3503" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nesodiprion japonicus Marlatt 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="2E553D41FFBFFFAF7A795E5FFFCD4E48" masterDocTitle="Nesodiprion orientalis sp. nov., N. japonicus, and N. biremis, with a key to species of Nesodiprion (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698316744547" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F854FE2AA55C74F561248CE96AAB0506" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4000FCACD160EC83066D917C051F98A0">
<mods:title id="F2BE13A074872D34ADB33475994FEB5D">Nesodiprion orientalis sp. nov., N. japonicus, and N. biremis, with a key to species of Nesodiprion (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="34A4BB346400F7D58D77490FF7AE2581" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6515DBC67892E8E4752F617009349D11">
<mods:roleTerm id="1367A7A0E0461BF42089EFE6CCD09129">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4AB63C11E204B9F0273679762F2434A8">Hara, Hideho</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="90FC9CE3DDAD78A44D004BF147E6D297" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9ECA2D8A3EBABC22F32D7DFCE762E52C">
<mods:roleTerm id="663523942A72BCF4D1539BC565E58E52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="78DB8E37EE37D02FE931474E562CFF00">Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3E17770B9581B0D8DE303F82130B00ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B3B7503C9A79742A7699B58F1FE9044C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A4D55CCF5761A4B311A9942CFACCC9A7">
<mods:title id="5BAEFFC8BA2FDA594B0F60BE4E0CFE13">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D48CE741BF0607B8D977AA9766ECE636">
<mods:date id="6120D8C661739F6CF33990B875AD82F4">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7CE17C8B07A3A638294CC2CD62D770B1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C5CE549E5EEC11CB600864CF4D7207F">3503</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E26CBAD77C6B50D0B243B4FC9824F0A2" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EFDEDDCB1B74B62D815A5E425B88183F">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F2F812C64F44ED7E0857B0EB994E5036">24</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="55D5C4212E14C8CEF3BA17745561A15A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2B9B312DC771339562FCFCEA8FA6C69B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.209562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6600723B5E9A146ACF0684E5A9161FDE" type="GBIF-Dataset">7b440e38-07be-4179-b3a4-59df1589cc5a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6D9A9116AD31939BE5BD9D4F81724879" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="00E895AA2688C7CE622C34DA228302AF" type="Zenodo-Dep">209562</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D26C4539FFBEFFA67AEE5A62FBB14948" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119527950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D26C4539FFBEFFA67AEE5A62FBB14948" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D26C4539FFBEFFA67AEE5A62FBB14948" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FBA34A3F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FDA04A1F" blockId="1.[151,1134,1085,1144]" box="[151,621,1085,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="01324343FFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FDA04A1F" bold="true" box="[151,621,1085,1111]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FDA04A1F" authority="Marlatt, 1898" authorityName="Marlatt" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,621,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FDA04A1F" bold="true" box="[151,621,1085,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5A62FE6A4A1F" bold="true" box="[151,423,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE7BCE5A62FDA84A1F" author="Marlatt" box="[439,613,1085,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Marlatt, C. L. (1898) Japanese Hymenoptera of the family Tenthredinidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1157), 493 - 506." type="journal article" year="1898">Marlatt, 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5A00FBA34A3F" blockId="1.[151,1134,1085,1144]" box="[151,1134,1119,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7AEE5A00FED54A3F" box="[151,280,1119,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1A–F</figureCitation>
; 3A–D; 4A–D; 5A–C; 6A, B; 7A, B; 8A–F; 9A, B; 10A–L; 13A–E; 14A–D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFBEFFAE7AEE5AF7FAAC4AB4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5AF7FDE74AF6" blockId="1.[151,1377,1192,1276]" box="[151,554,1192,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AD5D301FFBEFFAE7AEE5AF7FDE74AF6" box="[151,554,1192,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBEFFAE7AEE5AF7FDEB4AF6" authority="Marlatt, 1898: 506" authorityName="Marlatt" authorityPageNumber="506" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,550,1192,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5AF7FE924AF6" box="[151,351,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lophyrus japonicus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE7B1C5AF7FDEB4AF6" author="Marlatt" box="[357,550,1192,1214]" page="506" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE7B1C5AF7FE3E4AF5" author="Marlatt" box="[357,499,1192,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Marlatt, C. L. (1898) Japanese Hymenoptera of the family Tenthredinidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1157), 493 - 506." type="journal article" year="1898">Marlatt, 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 506
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5A98FCF74A95" blockId="1.[151,1377,1192,1276]" box="[151,826,1222,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AD5D301FFBEFFAE7AEE5A98FCF74A95" box="[151,826,1222,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBEFFAE7AEE5A98FD9D4A95" authority="Rohwer (1910: 104)" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,592,1222,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5A98FEBF4A95" box="[151,370,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Nesodiprion japonica</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE7BF95A99FD9D4A95" author="Rohwer" box="[384,592,1222,1245]" page="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE7BF95A99FD9D4A95" author="Rohwer" box="[384,592,1222,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1910) Japanese sawflies in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39 (1777), 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1910">Rohwer (1910: 104)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE78235A99FCFA4A95" author="Takeuchi" box="[602,823,1222,1245]" page="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE78235A99FCFA4A95" author="Takeuchi" box="[602,823,1222,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tenthredo, 3, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1940">Takeuchi (1940: 190)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5ABAFAAC4AB4" blockId="1.[151,1377,1192,1276]" box="[151,1377,1253,1276]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7AD5D301FFBEFFAE7AEE5ABAFAAC4AB4" box="[151,1377,1253,1276]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBEFFAE7AEE5ABAFD8B4AB3" authority="Smith (1974: 216)" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,582,1253,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5ABAFEB14AB3" box="[151,380,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE7BF35ABAFD8B4AB3" author="Smith" box="[394,582,1253,1275]" page="216" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE7BF35ABAFD8B4AB3" author="Smith" box="[394,582,1253,1275]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Smith, D. R. (1974) Diprionidae in Thailand (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 76, 212 - 216." type="journal article" year="1974">Smith (1974: 216)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE78295ABAFCA44AB3" author="Abe" box="[592,873,1253,1275]" page="545" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE78295ABAFCA44AB3" author="Abe" box="[592,873,1253,1275]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Abe, M. &amp; Togashi, I. (1989) Symphyta. In: Hirashima, Y. (Ed. supervisor), A Check List of Japanese Insects. Entomological Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 541 - 560. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1989">Abe &amp; Togashi (1989: 545)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE790D5ABAFB804AB3" author="Wei" box="[884,1101,1253,1275]" page="551" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE790D5ABAFBD64AB3" author="Wei" box="[884,1051,1253,1275]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Wei, M., Nie, H. &amp; Taeger, A. (2006) Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of research. In: Blank, S. M, Schmidt, S. &amp; Taeger, A. (Eds.), Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, pp. 505 - 574." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Wei 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE79DA5AB9FC024AB3" box="[931,975,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. (2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 551
</treatmentCitation>
), 
<treatmentCitation id="DB64D23EFFBEFFAE7E265AB9FA9B4AB4" author="Taeger" box="[1119,1366,1253,1276]" page="210" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBEFFAE7E265AB9FAEF4AB3" author="Taeger" box="[1119,1314,1253,1275]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Taeger, A., Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D. (2010) World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580, 1 - 1064." type="journal article" year="2010">
Taeger 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7ED35AB9FB1A4AB3" box="[1194,1239,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
. (2010
</bibRefCitation>
: 210
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFBEFFAA7AEE5B77FAD64FBC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7AEE5B77FC7A48EF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBEFFAE7AEE5B77FF234B08" bold="true" box="[151,238,1320,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Female</emphasis>
. Length 
<quantity id="9D3D59CAFFBEFFAE7B2D5B78FE784B77" box="[340,437,1319,1343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
. Black, shiny, without metallic reflection, sometimes faintly metallic violet on abdomen (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7AE65B13FEE44B2C" box="[159,297,1356,1380]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1A–D</figureCitation>
). Ventral half of clypeus and labrum often yellowish to brownish. Mandible apically reddish. Basal two to three antennomeres often slightly brownish. Palpi yellow to pale brown. Pronotum yellowish white to brown on posterior corner. Postspiracular sclerite white or pale brown to black. Median mesoscutal lobe sometimes yellowish posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum predominantly or mostly yellowish white. Legs white to yellow on apices of coxae to trochantelli, apices of femora, fore and middle tibiae, wide basal part of hind tibia and tarsi; hind tibia dark brown to black on apical fourth, usually slightly and narrowly pale at apex; fore and middle tibiae and tarsi each apically slightly darkened; spurs brown. Wings hyaline; veins largely brown to black; in fore wing, vein C except for apex yellow, vein R1 basal to stigma partly yellowish, and stigma somewhat pale apically. Seventh and eighth abdominal terga each laterally with yellowish white spot (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE79DB5833FC3648CC" box="[930,1019,1644,1668]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
), sometimes sixth abdominal tergum laterally narrowly yellowish white. Cercus black. Setae largely whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBEFFAE7ABE58EBFCA149A4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Head and thorax shiny, with punctures predominantly distinct and dense; on dorsum of head (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7F7D58EBFA434884" box="[1284,1422,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – L" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,625,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,625,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – L. Head of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Head, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, dorsum of head, female, dorsolateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, paralectotype, Honshu, Gifu; C, D, lectotype. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209565/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 3B, D</figureCitation>
), punctures fine and predominantly separated, and interspaces predominantly wider than punctures; on mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7AE658A3FF36495C" box="[159,251,1788,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), punctures fine, those on posterior part of median lobe somewhat vague, mostly separated and about as large as those on lateral lobe, and interspaces on posterior part of median lobe mostly wider than punctures; interspaces on center of mesoscutellum largely not linear-shaped; on mesepisternum (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7EC8591BFADF4914" box="[1201,1298,1860,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), punctures predominantly contiguous, but interspaces predominantly not linear-shaped. Clypeus with wide ventromedial part nearly smooth or faintly punctured. Labrum smooth. Abdomen shiny; first tergum (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBEFFAE7E3159D3FB6D49EC" box="[1096,1184,1932,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – I" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1508,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,769,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,769,1487]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – I. First abdominal tergum of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – C), N. biremis (D – F) and N. orientalis (G – I). A, D, E, G, H, Female; B, C, F, I, male. A, G, H, I, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Honshu, Zu; B, lectotype; C, Korea, Tokchomkogae. N. biremis: D, Lectotype; E, Zhejiang prov., Anji; F, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: G, H, Paratypes, Thailand, Bo Luang; I, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209567/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) punctured on narrow medial part to medial third, or not; second to fifth terga dorsally nearly smooth; sixth tergum to apex faintly punctured; ventral surface somewhat dull and weakly punctured.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFBDFFAD7AEE5857FB0B4875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBDFFAD7AEE5857FB0B4875" blockId="2.[151,1435,1544,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBDFFAD7AEE5857FE804856" bold="true" box="[151,333,1544,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1A–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBDFFAD7B2A5856FDF54857" box="[339,568,1545,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBDFFAD7B2A5856FDF54857" box="[339,568,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBDFFAD7ABE5835FBDA49A2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1642,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Postocellar area weakly or moderately convex (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBDFFAD78A55835FCAD48CA" box="[732,864,1642,1666]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – L" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,625,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,625,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – L. Head of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Head, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, dorsum of head, female, dorsolateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, paralectotype, Honshu, Gifu; C, D, lectotype. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209565/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
), with lateral furrow distinct on anterior two-thirds and anterior furrow medially blunt widely, and often with weak median furrow. Distances between eye and hind ocellus, between hind ocelli, and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head 0.9–1.1: 1.0: 0.9–1.3; distances between eye and hind ocellus and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head 0.8–1.0: 1.0. Distance between torulus and eye 1.5–1.8 × distance between toruli. Width of malar space 0.1–0.4 × width of front ocellus, 0.3–0.6 × length of second antennomere. Clypeus with ventral margin roundly concave. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBDFFAD7F455941FA59497E" box="[1340,1428,1822,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – E" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1264,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,517,1243]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – E. Antenna of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C, D) and N. orientalis (E). A, C – E, Female; B, male. A, E, Outer lateral view; B – D, inner lateral view. D, E, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, lectotype. N. biremis: C, Lectotype; D, Zhejiang Prov., Anji. N. orientalis: E, paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) with 21–23 antennomeres; length of second antennomere 0.5–0.8 × width of front ocellus; length of ramus of third antennomere 2.7–4.1 × length of third antennomere. Mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBDFFAD79C65939FBD74936" box="[959,1050,1894,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) dorsally flattened widely, rarely slightly convex, sometimes with weak median furrow. 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBDFFAD788459D5FCF849EA" box="[765,821,1930,1954]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBDFFAD791459D5FC0849EA" box="[877,965,1930,1954]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1069,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1048]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,373,1048]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7 A – F. Apex of tibia and basal tarsomeres of hind leg of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C, D) and N. orientalis (E, F), anterior view. A, C, E, Female; B, D, F, male. Small br in B indicates breadth. C, D, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, Okinawa-jima. N. biremis: C, Lectotype; D, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: E, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; F, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine. Res. C. ”." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209569/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) with length of inner tibial spur 1.1–1.4 × length of first tarsomere (exclusive of pulvillar pad), 1.7–2.1 × breadth of tibia; length of first tarsomere 1.3–1.8 × breadth of tibia; second and third tarsomeres combined 0.8–1.0 × first in length.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFBCFFAC7AEE593EFC6F4995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209564/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[201,1369,195,1869]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBCFFAC7AEE593EFC6F4995" blockId="3.[151,1436,1889,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBCFFAC7AEE593EFE9C493E" bold="true" box="[151,337,1889,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 2A–L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBCFFAC7B2E593EFDE8493F" box="[343,549,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBCFFAC7B2E593EFDE8493F" box="[343,549,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nesodiprion biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–F) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBCFFAC78E2593DFCD4493F" box="[667,793,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBCFFAC78E2593DFCD4493F" box="[667,793,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G–L). 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBCFFAC7915593DFC15493F" box="[876,984,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBCFFAC7915593DFC15493F" box="[876,984,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, B, Female, lectotype, dorsolateral and ventrolateral views; C, D, female, Guizhou Prov., Chishui, dorsal and ventral views; E, F, male, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan, dorsal and ventral views. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBCFFAC7BE259FAFDD449F2" box="[411,537,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBCFFAC7BE259FAFDD449F2" box="[411,537,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: G, H, Female, paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang, dorsal and ventrolateral views; I–L, male, holotype; I, J, dorsolateral and ventrolateral views; K, center of J; L, cocoon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBBFFAB7ABE5EC8FACF4FE4" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Sawsheath in dorsal view narrow, not tapering apically, with inner margin concave, and apex much wider than cercus (Figs. 8A, D), in lateral view slightly roundly convex apically (Figs. 8B, E), and in posterior view with scopa vertically elongate (Figs. 8C, F). Lance in lateral view with dorsal margin slightly concave at middle (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7F165E80FF764F54" captionStart="FIGURES 9 A – D" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,733,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,733,1247]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 9 A – D. Saw of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C) and N. orientalis (D). A, B, Lance, dorsal and lateral views; C, D, saw, lateral view. B – D, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima. N. biremis: C, Zhejiang Prov., Anji. N. orientalis: D, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209570/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
); apices of lances asymmetrical, either left or right one longer than another (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7E485F5BFB434F54" box="[1073,1166,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 A – D" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,733,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,733,1247]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 9 A – D. Saw of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C) and N. orientalis (D). A, B, Lance, dorsal and lateral views; C, D, saw, lateral view. B – D, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima. N. biremis: C, Zhejiang Prov., Anji. N. orientalis: D, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209570/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Lancet (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7F7B5F5BFA594F54" box="[1282,1428,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 A – L" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,285,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,283,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 10 A – L. Lancet of Nesodiprion japonicus. A – E, Lancet; F – L, serrula of second annulus. Small 2 in A indicates second annulus. D, I, L, Reversed images. A, F, Hokkaido, Mori; B, G, Honshu, Kyoto; C, H, Amami-oshima; D, I, J, Korea, Chuncheon; E, K, L, Taiwan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 10A–E</figureCitation>
) with 10–11 annuli, widest at second annulus, and length from apex to ventral end of basal row of spines 2.7–2.8 × maximum width; spines relatively long; border of first and second annuli ventrally weakly but distinctly convex angularly; serrula of second annulus (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB78445F30FD044FCF" box="[573,713,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 A – L" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,285,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,283,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 10 A – L. Lancet of Nesodiprion japonicus. A – E, Lancet; F – L, serrula of second annulus. Small 2 in A indicates second annulus. D, I, L, Reversed images. A, F, Hokkaido, Mori; B, G, Honshu, Kyoto; C, H, Amami-oshima; D, I, J, Korea, Chuncheon; E, K, L, Taiwan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 10F–L</figureCitation>
) apically narrowly truncate, rarely nearly rounded, with anterior slope much shorter than posterior slope; serrula of third annulus with anterior slope slightly concave.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBBFFAB7ABE5FE7FE264C74" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7ABE5FE7FEC94F98" bold="true" box="[199,260,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male</emphasis>
[condition of 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBBFFAB7BC15FE8FDD24F87" box="[440,543,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in brackets]. Length 6.5–8.5 [7] mm. Coloration as in female except for mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and abdomen always entirely black (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB790E5F83FC384FBC" box="[887,1013,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
). [Ventral half of clypeus dark brown; labrum brown; basal two antennomeres very slightly pale; posterior corner of pronotum yellowish white; postspiracular sclerite brown.]
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFBBFFAB7AEE583EFCEA489C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1435,625,1611]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBBFFAB7AEE583EFCEA489C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1633,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7AEE583EFE9C483F" bold="true" box="[151,337,1633,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 3A–L.</emphasis>
Head of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB7BD7583DFD5E4830" box="[430,659,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7BD7583DFD5E4830" box="[430,659,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–D), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB7890583CFC9C4830" box="[745,849,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7890583CFC9C4830" box="[745,849,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E–H) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB79B1583CFB8A4830" box="[968,1095,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB79B1583CFB8A4830" box="[968,1095,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(I–L). A, E, I, Head, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, dorsum of head, female, dorsolateral view; D, H, L, do., male. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB7EDC58DDFA8348DF" box="[1189,1358,1666,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7EDC58DDFA8348DF" box="[1189,1358,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, Amami-oshima; B, paralectotype, Honshu, Gifu; C, D, lectotype. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB794858FFFC5748FD" box="[817,922,1695,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB794858FFFC5748FD" box="[817,922,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBBFFAB7AEE58E0FED8489C" box="[151,277,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBBFFAB7AEE58E0FED8489C" box="[151,277,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBBFFAA7ABE595FFA8D4FCF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1792,2033]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Structure as in female except for usual sexual differences. Punctures more distinct (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7EDA595FFAC64950" box="[1187,1291,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – L" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,625,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,625,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – L. Head of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Head, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, dorsum of head, female, dorsolateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, paralectotype, Honshu, Gifu; C, D, lectotype. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7F65595FFAAB4950" box="[1308,1382,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4C, D</figureCitation>
); on dorsum of head, punctures somewhat larger, predominantly separated or contiguous [contiguous], and interspaces predominantly narrower or wider than punctures [narrower]; on mesepisternum, interspaces partly or moderately linear-shaped (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7B475932FE5749CD" box="[318,410,1901,1925]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), rarely mostly so as in 
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB78C85932FCC449CD" box="[689,777,1901,1925]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
[moderately]. [First abdominal tergum with punctures on about medial third (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7B0C59CFFE0249E0" box="[373,463,1936,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – I" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1508,1531]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,769,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,769,1487]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – I. First abdominal tergum of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – C), N. biremis (D – F) and N. orientalis (G – I). A, D, E, G, H, Female; B, C, F, I, male. A, G, H, I, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Honshu, Zu; B, lectotype; C, Korea, Tokchomkogae. N. biremis: D, Lectotype; E, Zhejiang prov., Anji; F, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: G, H, Paratypes, Thailand, Bo Luang; I, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209567/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
).] Postocellar area with lateral furrow distinct on anterior half (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBBFFAB7EE159CFFB3F49E0" box="[1176,1266,1936,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – L" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,625,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,625,1613]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – L. Head of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Head, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, dorsum of head, female, dorsolateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, paralectotype, Honshu, Gifu; C, D, lectotype. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); weak median furrow rarely present [present]. Distances between eye and hind ocellus, between hind ocelli, and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head 0.8–1.1: 1.0: 0.8–1.0 [0.8: 1.0: 0.8]; distances between eye and hind ocellus and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head 1.0–1.2: 1.0 [1.1: 1.0]. Distance between torulus and eye 1.3–1.6 [1.5] × distance between toruli. Width of malar space 0.4–0.6 [0.6] × width of front ocellus, 0.6–1.1 [0.8] × length of second antennomere. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA78135E80FD0C4EBF" box="[618,705,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – E" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1264,1287]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,517,1243]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – E. Antenna of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C, D) and N. orientalis (E). A, C – E, Female; B, male. A, E, Outer lateral view; B – D, inner lateral view. D, E, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, lectotype. N. biremis: C, Lectotype; D, Zhejiang Prov., Anji. N. orientalis: E, paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) with 21–23 [21] antennomeres, 1.0–1.1 [1.0] × as long as head width; length of second antennomere 0.4–0.8 [0.8] × width of front ocellus; ramus of third antennomere very long. 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7AEE5F78FF024F77" box="[151,207,295,319]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7B715F78FE934F77" box="[264,350,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 A – F" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1069,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1048]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,373,1048]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 7 A – F. Apex of tibia and basal tarsomeres of hind leg of Nesodiprion japonicus (A, B), N. biremis (C, D) and N. orientalis (E, F), anterior view. A, C, E, Female; B, D, F, male. Small br in B indicates breadth. C, D, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Amami-oshima; B, Okinawa-jima. N. biremis: C, Lectotype; D, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: E, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; F, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine. Res. C. ”." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209569/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) with length of inner tibial spur 1.1–1.4 [1.1] × length of first tarsomere, 1.7–2.2 [2.0] × breadth of tibia, length of first tarsomere 1.3–1.8 [1.8] × breadth of tibia, and second and third tarsomeres combined 0.8–1.0 [0.9] × first in length. [Mesoscutellum dorsally slightly convex, without median furrow (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7EAB5F30FAE04FCF" box="[1234,1325,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFAA7ABE5FCBFAD64FBC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Genitalia with valviceps in dorsal view laterally convex weakly and roundly on apical half, and laterally convex narrowly at apex (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7BB85FE8FDB54F87" box="[449,632,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 A – M" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,617,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,617,1897]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 13 A – M. Male genitalia of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – E), N. biremis (F – I) and N. orientalis (J – M). A, C – F, H – J, Male genitalia, dorsal view; B, G, K, do., ventral view; L, M, right penis valve, dorsal view. N. japonicus: A, B, Lectotype; C, Amamioshima; D, Korea, Iksan; E, Taiwan. N. biremis: F, G, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan; H, Zhejiang Prov., Anji; I, Shandong Prov., Taian. N. orientalis: J, K, Holotype; L, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine Res. C. ”; M, Yunnan Prov., Anning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 13A, C–E</figureCitation>
), and in lateral view sinuate and gradually widened toward apex, with dorsal margin weakly convex near apex and ventral margin angularly convex near apex (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7E015F83FAC34FBC" box="[1144,1294,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 A – J" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1216,1239]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,799,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,799,1194]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 14 A – J. Penis valve of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – G) and N. orientalis (H – J), lateral view. I, J, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Lectotype; B, Amami-oshima; C, Korea, Iksan; D, Taiwan. N. biremis: E, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan; F, Zhejiang Prov., Anji; G, Shandong Prov., Taian. N. orientalis: H, Holotype; I, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine Res. C. ”; J, Yunnan Prov., Anning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209575/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 14A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFBAFFAA7ABE5C5FFE6648F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFAA7ABE5C5FFBBB4D5C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7ABE5C5FFE204C50" bold="true" box="[199,493,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7ABE5C5FFECF4C50" box="[199,258,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
material examined
</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7B875C5FFDA34C50" box="[510,622,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated): 3, with “ 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA79C55FA0FBEB4C5F" box="[956,1062,511,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1914-07-25">25. 7. 14</date>
, [Gifu] (in Japanese letters), 3” written on cardboard and a label “ 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA785C5C7BFDA44C74" box="[549,617,548,572]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Mitsukuri” (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA797D5C7BFC964C74" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[772,859,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
). The 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79DE5C7BFBC04C74" box="[935,1037,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was originally mounted on a pale brown cardboard as in 
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7BE45C18FE394C17" box="[413,500,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
as stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA78F35C18FCFF4C17" author="Marlatt" box="[650,818,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Marlatt, C. L. (1898) Japanese Hymenoptera of the family Tenthredinidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1157), 493 - 506." type="journal article" year="1898">Marlatt (1898)</bibRefCitation>
, but it was removed and directly pinned for this study (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFBAFFAA7AE65C33FEED4CCC" box="[159,288,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 A – F" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1544,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,233,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,233,1523]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 A – F. Nesodiprion japonicus. A, Female, paralectotype, dorsal view; B, C, female, Amami-oshima, dorsal and ventral views; D, female, Korea, Chuncheon, lateral view; E, F, male, lectotype, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209563/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
). 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7B4D5C33FE1A4CCC" box="[308,471,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7B9E5C33FDF24CCC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[487,575,620,644]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
): 13, labeled as in 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79615C33FC4F4CCC" box="[792,898,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; 1Ƥ, do., but with additional label “Ƥ 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7F4D5C32FAA14CCD" box="[1332,1388,621,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
No. 3839, 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7A9B5CD0FEDF4CEF" box="[226,274,655,679]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.”; 13, labeled as in 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA783F5CD0FD624CEF" box="[582,687,655,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, with additional labels “HymSlide 198-201”, “trophi mounted”, “genitalia mounted” and “wing mounted”; 23, labeled as in 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79435CEBFC694C84" box="[826,932,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, but “ 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA799C5CEBFB844C84" box="[997,1097,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1915-07-25">25. 7. 15</date>
” on cardboard; 23, labeled as in 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7ACD5C88FED04CA7" box="[180,285,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, but “ 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7B195C88FE0B4CA7" box="[352,454,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1920-07-25">25. 7. 20</date>
” on cardboard; 13, labeled as in 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79385C88FC664CA7" box="[833,939,727,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, but “23. 0. 0 0, [Gifu, near pine, sawfly] (in Japanese letters)” on cardboard and with additional label “3 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79385CA2FCB44D5D" box="[833,889,765,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
No. 3839, 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA798F5CA3FBEA4D5C" box="[1014,1063,764,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M.”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFAA7ABE5D40FC1F4A1F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7ABE5D40FEA14D7F" author="Marlatt" box="[199,364,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Marlatt, C. L. (1898) Japanese Hymenoptera of the family Tenthredinidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1157), 493 - 506." type="journal article" year="1898">Marlatt (1898)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from two females and nine males from “Gifu”, but did not designate a 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7AEE5D1BFF304D14" box="[151,253,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. In the preface, he wrote “based on material presented by Dr. K. Mitsukuri” and “All of the specimens are mounted on large flat cards, with wings and legs beautifully spread”. We located one female and eight male 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7AEE5DD2FF344DED" box="[151,249,909,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
in 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7B645DD3FEBF4DEC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[285,370,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
. They are mounted on or bear the same cardboards (the data written are partly different, except for [Gifu], as stated above; one male has been already removed from the cardboard), and bear the same labels “ 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7AD85D8BFF2B4DA4" box="[161,230,980,1004]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Mitsukuri”. Therefore, they are safely considered the 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79265D8AFC094DA5" box="[863,964,981,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, although only one female and one male have the 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7A855DA6FEE14A59" box="[252,300,1017,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
labels. We designate a male 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA78085DA6FD054A59" box="[625,712,1017,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
without the 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA792C5DA6FC484A59" box="[853,901,1017,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
label as the 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7E6B5DA8FBB14A47" box="[1042,1148,1015,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, because the female of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBAFFAA7FFB5DA6FEC94A7C" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7FFB5DA6FEC94A7C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often indistinguishable from that of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBAFFAA78CF5A42FC884A7C" box="[694,837,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA78CF5A42FC884A7C" box="[694,837,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see under Comparative notes), and the male 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7F3C5A42FA514A7D" box="[1349,1436,1053,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
with the 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA7A805A1EFEE44A11" box="[249,297,1089,1113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
label is not in good condition (most of the legs are missing).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFAA7ABE5A3CFE6648F4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7ABE5A3CFE304A34" bold="true" box="[199,509,1123,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other material examined</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA78695A3BFDA94A34" box="[528,612,1124,1148]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
―Hokkaido: 2Ƥ53, Mori, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA79DC5A3AFBEC4A34" box="[933,1057,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1971-08">VIII. 1971</date>
, Host 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBAFFAA7E0B5A3AFA514A34" authority="K. Kamijo" authorityName="K. Kamijo" box="[1138,1436,1124,1148]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7E0B5A3AFAC34A34" box="[1138,1294,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
, K. Kamijo
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7AE65AD8FF2E4AD7" box="[159,227,1159,1183]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/12w9-vsfp" name="Hunan Forestry Research Institute" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">HFRI</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7A965AD8FE8F4AD7" box="[239,322,1159,1183]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
). Honshu―Fukushima Pref.: 13, “Wakamatsu”, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA79145AD8FC3F4AD7" box="[877,1010,1159,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1951-05-30">30. V. 1951</date>
, Y. K. (KU). Kanagawa Pref.: 7Ƥ43, Zu, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7ABC5AF3FEAC4A8C" box="[197,353,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1973-07-28">28. VII. 1973</date>
, Y. Hasegawa (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78695AF3FDAD4A8C" box="[528,608,1196,1220]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78145AF3FD7D4A8C" box="[621,688,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SDEI</collectionCode>
). Gifu Pref.: 1Ƥ33, “Katayama”, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7E4D5AF3FB1D4A8C" box="[1076,1232,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1920-09-02" valueMax="1920-09-05" valueMin="1920-09-02">2-5. IX. 1920</date>
, Takeuchi (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7F2B5AF3FA5D4A8C" box="[1362,1424,1196,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
). Ishikawa Pref.: 13, Kanazawa, Kakuma, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA781E5A90FCCD4AAF" box="[615,768,1231,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1996-07-14">14. VII. 1996</date>
, M. Eguchi (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA79E95A90FC294AAF" box="[912,996,1231,1255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
). Kyoto Pref.: 13, Kyoto, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7F725A90FA5A4AAF" box="[1291,1431,1231,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1927-04-20">20. IV. 1927</date>
, Takeuchi (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7B775AABFE814B44" box="[270,332,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
); 13, do., 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7BBE5AABFD944B44" box="[455,601,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1932-09-10">10. IX. 1932</date>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78135AABFD654B44" box="[618,680,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
); 13, do., 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA795D5AABFC614B44" box="[804,940,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1932-10-25">25. X. 1932</date>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA79C45AABFC364B44" box="[957,1019,1268,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
); 4Ƥ13, Kyoto, Kitashirakawa, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7F175AAAFF1F4B67" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1942-07">VII. 1942</date>
, M. Tokunaga (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7BF95B48FE734B67" box="[384,446,1303,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
). 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7BA85B47FDD04B78" box="[465,541,1304,1328]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vy23-a9cj" name="Museum of Nature and Human Activities" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hyogo</collectionCode>
Pref.: 13, Sasayama, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA796E5B48FC414B67" box="[791,908,1303,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1961-05-03">3. V. 1961</date>
, T. Naito (KU); 33, Rokko, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7EB45B48FA994B67" box="[1229,1364,1303,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1977-10-12">12. X. 1977</date>
, N. H. (KU). Shikoku― 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7B255B63FE6D4B1C" box="[348,416,1340,1364]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kochi</collectingCountry>
Pref.: 3Ƥ, 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA785C5B63FDA14B1C" box="[549,620,1340,1364]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kochi</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA78035B63FCDC4B1C" box="[634,785,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1952-06-16">16. VI. 1952</date>
, Takeuchi, J. Wada (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7E7B5B63FB8D4B1C" box="[1026,1088,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
). Satsunan Islands: 13, Yakushima, Hinokuni, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7B115B00FDE84B3F" box="[360,549,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1971-03-27" valueMax="1971-03-30" valueMin="1971-03-27">27-30. III. 1971</date>
, K. Yamagishi (KU); 1Ƥ 
<quantity id="9D3D59CAFFBAFFAA79285B00FC584B3F" box="[849,917,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
copula, Amami-oshima, Naze, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7F725B00FA554B3F" box="[1291,1432,1375,1399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1955-05-19">19. V. 1955</date>
, Takeuchi, S. Ito (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7B245BDBFE564BD4" box="[349,411,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
). Ryukyu Islands: 23, Okinawa-jima, Kunigami, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA79AB5BDBFBAB4BD4" box="[978,1126,1412,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2003-06-18">18. VI. 2003</date>
, G. A. Show (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7F705BDBFA904BD4" box="[1289,1373,1412,1436]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
); 23, do., Naha, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7B6C5BF8FE574BF7" box="[277,410,1447,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1928-03-01">1. III. 1928</date>
, Host 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFBAFFAA7B9E5BF6FCFC4BF7" authority="H. Yashiro" authorityName="H. Yashiro" box="[487,817,1447,1472]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luchuensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7B9E5BF6FD6B4B88" box="[487,678,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pinus luchuensis</emphasis>
, H. Yashiro
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA793B5BF8FCB04BF7" box="[834,893,1447,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
) (cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA79845BF8FB624BF7" author="Takeuchi" box="[1021,1199,1447,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tenthredo, 3, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1940">Takeuchi, 1940</bibRefCitation>
); 13, Iriomote-jima, Ohara, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7A905B93FEB44BAC" box="[233,377,1484,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1960-11-22">22. XI. 1960</date>
, K. Yasumatsu (KU). 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA78085B93FD1F4BAC" box="[625,722,1484,1508]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KOREA</collectingCountry>
―Kangwan-do: 13, Tokchom-kogae, 
<quantity id="9D3D59CAFFBAFFAA7EF85B93FB074BAC" box="[1153,1226,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</quantity>
, nr. Chuncheon, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7FFE5B93FECE484F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1991-06-04">4. VI. 1991</date>
, A. Shinohara (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7BBE5BB0FDD6484F" box="[455,539,1519,1543]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
); 1Ƥ, Chuncheon, Nam-myeon, Hudong-li, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7E505BB0FAE2484F" box="[1065,1327,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2003-08-17" valueMax="2003-09-05" valueMin="2003-08-17">17. VIII.–5. IX. 2003</date>
, Tripotin (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7AE6584BFF3B4864" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[159,246,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
); 1Ƥ23, do., but Magog-li, 
<quantity id="9D3D59CAFFBAFFAA7833584BFD474864" box="[586,650,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA78E2584BFC6E4864" box="[667,931,1556,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-07-11" valueMax="2004-08-07" valueMin="2004-07-11">11. VII.–7. VIII. 2004</date>
(
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA79CE584BFBC14864" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[951,1036,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7E64584BFBBD4864" box="[1053,1136,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
); 1Ƥ, do., but Seokdong, Pohyeonsa, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7B5D5868FDF14807" box="[292,572,1591,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2005-07-31" valueMax="2005-08-28" valueMin="2005-07-31">31. VII.–28. VIII. 2005</date>
, Tripotin (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78C55868FCDD4807" box="[700,784,1591,1615]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
). Jeollabuk-do: 13, Iksan, Geumma-myeon, Miluk-san, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7AEE5803FE92483C" box="[151,351,1628,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-07-12" valueMax="2004-07-18" valueMin="2004-07-12">12–18. VII. 2004</date>
, C. L. Young (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78725803FDAF483C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[523,610,1628,1652]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA780E5803FD25483C" box="[631,744,1628,1652]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
: 5Ƥ53, “ 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA792C5803FC73483C" box="[853,958,1628,1652]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Formosa</collectingCountry>
: 1973, ex pine” (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7EFD5803FB14483C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1156,1241,1628,1652]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7E9E5803FAF7483C" box="[1255,1338,1628,1652]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NSMT</collectionCode>
); 2Ƥ13, Taipei, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7A925820FE4E48DF" box="[235,387,1663,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1928-08-03">3. VIII. 1928</date>
, K. Sibata (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA78715820FD8B48DF" box="[520,582,1663,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">OPU</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA78235820FD5B48DF" box="[602,662,1663,1687]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
: 1Ƥ13, “on Pine from 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA79E658DFFC2F48DF" box="[927,994,1664,1687]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
, from Alex. Craw., S. Francisco, Calif, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFBAFFAA7AEE58FBFEE248F4" box="[151,303,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1902-04-03">April 3, 1902</date>
” (
<collectionCode id="3CD46CEAFFBAFFAA7B3158FBFE5248F4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[328,415,1700,1724]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFBAFFA67ABE5898FC604F77" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFAA7ABE5898FC6D4927" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFBAFFAA7ABE5898FE9448A8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7B145897FE7C4897" box="[365,433,1736,1759]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Hokkaido (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA783A5898FD054897" author="Yogo" box="[579,712,1735,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Yogo, M. (1965) [From among recent forest insect pests]. Hoppo-ringyo, 17, 399 - 401. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1965">Yogo 1965</bibRefCitation>
), Honshu (
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFBAFFAA79345898FCB24897" box="[845,895,1735,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
locality), Shikoku (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7E175898FAFF4897" author="Matsushita" box="[1134,1330,1735,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Matsushita, M. (1943) [Forest pest insects]. Toyamabo, Tokyo, 410 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1943">Matsushita 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7F3D5898FF1E494C" author="Togashi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Togashi, I. (1974) Symphyta of Shikoku, Japan (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 12, 13 - 22." type="journal article" year="1974">Togashi 1974</bibRefCitation>
), Kyushu (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7B2C58B3FE14494C" author="Yano" box="[341,473,1772,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Yano, M. (1916) [Scientific names of pine sawflies]. Konchu-sekai, 20 (225), 3 - 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1916">Yano 1916</bibRefCitation>
), Yaku-shima (new record), Amami-oshima (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA799458B3FBAA494C" author="Sato" box="[1005,1127,1772,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Sato, H. (1981) Biological study on Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of Iwate Prefectural Forest Experiment Station, 4, 1 - 43. (In Japanese, with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1981">Sato 1981</bibRefCitation>
), Okinawa-jima (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7F4D58B3FF1D496F" author="Takeuchi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tenthredo, 3, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1940">Takeuchi 1940</bibRefCitation>
) and Iriomote-jima (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7BC05950FD6A496F" author="Abe" box="[441,679,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Abe, M. &amp; Togashi, I. (1989) Symphyta. In: Hirashima, Y. (Ed. supervisor), A Check List of Japanese Insects. Entomological Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, pp. 541 - 560. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1989">Abe &amp; Togashi 1989</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA78C5594FFCCD496F" box="[700,768,1808,1831]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA79765950FC48496F" author="Kim" box="[783,901,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kim, C. W. (1963) Hymenoptera of Korea. Humanities and Sciences (Natural Science), Korea University, 6, 243 - 374. (In Korean.)" type="journal article" year="1963">Kim 1963</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA79E05950FC26496F" box="[921,1003,1807,1831]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA79805950FB5C496F" author="Mitono" box="[1017,1169,1807,1831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Mitono, T. (1936) [Insect pests of man-made forests and methods of their extermination and prevention for the forest protection in Taiwan]. Taiwan-no-sanrin, 117, 149. (In Japanese.) (Cited from Matsushita 1943.)" type="journal article" year="1936">Mitono 1936</bibRefCitation>
). Although we have not examined specimens of the authors cited above except for those of Okinawa-jima by 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7E08596BFAE04904" author="Takeuchi" box="[1137,1325,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tenthredo, 3, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1940">Takeuchi (1940)</bibRefCitation>
, we were able to examine other specimens from these areas except for Kyushu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFBAFFA97ABE5923FF324EBD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,245]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7ABE5923FEBF49DC" author="Rohwer" box="[199,370,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1910) Japanese sawflies in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39 (1777), 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1910">Rohwer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
reported that this species “came to the port of San Francisco on a Japanese pine in 1902” and “has been introduced into 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7BBC59C1FD9049FE" box="[453,605,1950,1974]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">United States</collectingCountry>
through San Francisco, California”, and 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFBAFFAA7E4C59C1FB2249FE" author="Takeuchi" box="[1077,1263,1950,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tenthredo, 3, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1940">Takeuchi (1940)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that this species was “introduced into North 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFBAFFAA7856599EFD584991" box="[559,661,1985,2009]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">America</collectingCountry>
”. Rohwer’s report is based on a female and a male labeled “on Pine from 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB9FFA97AAC5EC7FEDA4EE7" box="[213,279,152,175]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
, from Alex. Craw., S. Francisco, Calif, 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFB9FFA978A55EC8FCBB4EE7" box="[732,886,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1902-04-03">April 3, 1902</date>
” (USNM). These are quarantine interceptions at 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB9FFA97AEE5EE4FF1F4E9A" box="[151,210,186,210]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">U. S.</collectingCountry>
ports-of-entry and do not indicate establishment. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA979765EE4FBDD4E9B" box="[783,1040,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA979765EE4FBDD4E9B" box="[783,1040,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been collected in North 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB9FFA97AEE5E82FF364EBD" box="[151,251,221,245]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFB9FFA97AEE58D0FBF24949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB9FFA97AEE58D0FBF24949" blockId="6.[151,1436,1679,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97AEE58D0FE9C48ED" bold="true" box="[151,337,1679,1702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 4A–L.</emphasis>
Thorax of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97BBB58D0FD6548EE" box="[450,680,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97BBB58D0FD6548EE" box="[450,680,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–D), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA9788558CEFCA848ED" box="[764,869,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9788558CEFCA848ED" box="[764,869,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E–H) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA979A558CEFB9748ED" box="[988,1114,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA979A558CEFB9748ED" box="[988,1114,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(I–L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97B7E5891FE4448AB" box="[263,393,1742,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97B7E5891FE4448AB" box="[263,393,1742,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97E465891FB6748AB" box="[1087,1194,1741,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97E465891FB6748AB" box="[1087,1194,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97BD758B3FDE04949" box="[430,557,1771,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97BD758B3FDE04949" box="[430,557,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB9FFA97ABE5971FC5649BB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1838,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97ABE5971FE9F490E" bold="true" box="[199,338,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Host plants</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97B1A5971FE06490E" box="[355,459,1838,1862]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97BAE5971FD42490E" box="[471,655,1838,1862]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97BAE5971FD42490E" box="[471,655,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cedrus deodara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA978D85971FC8C490E" author="Okutani" box="[673,833,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1959) [Symphyta]. In: Esaki, T., Ishii, T., Kawada, A., Shiraki, T. &amp; Yuasa, H. (Eds.), Illustrated Insect Larvae of Japan. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 548 - 582. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1959">Okutani 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA979365971FC46490E" author="Okutani" box="[847,907,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA979DB5970FB94490E" box="[930,1113,1838,1862]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaempferi">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA979DB5970FB94490E" box="[930,1113,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Larix kaempferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97E135971FB27490E" author="Yano" box="[1130,1258,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Yano, M. (1916) [Scientific names of pine sawflies]. Konchu-sekai, 20 (225), 3 - 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1916">Yano 1916</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97E805971FA55490E" author="Okutani" box="[1273,1432,1838,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1959) [Symphyta]. In: Esaki, T., Ishii, T., Kawada, A., Shiraki, T. &amp; Yuasa, H. (Eds.), Illustrated Insect Larvae of Japan. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 548 - 582. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1959">Okutani 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97AEE590EFF1E4921" author="Okutani" box="[151,211,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97A93590DFE684921" box="[234,421,1873,1897]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densiflora">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97A93590DFE684921" box="[234,421,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pinus densiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97BCE590EFDF24921" author="Yano" box="[439,575,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Yano, M. (1916) [Scientific names of pine sawflies]. Konchu-sekai, 20 (225), 3 - 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1916">Yano, 1916</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97837590EFD234921" author="Okutani" box="[590,750,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">Okutani 1967</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA9797D590DFBE74921" authority="Sato 1981" authorityName="Sato" authorityYear="1981" box="[772,1066,1873,1897]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koraiensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9797D590DFC5B4921" box="[772,918,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. koraiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA979D1590EFBED4921" author="Sato" box="[936,1056,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sato, H. (1981) Biological study on Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of Iwate Prefectural Forest Experiment Station, 4, 1 - 43. (In Japanese, with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1981">Sato 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97E41590DFAB54921" authority="Furuno 1976" authorityName="Furuno" authorityYear="1976" box="[1080,1400,1873,1897]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leiophylla">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97E41590DFB0B4921" box="[1080,1222,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. leiophylla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97EA1590EFABC4921" author="Furuno" box="[1240,1393,1873,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Furuno, T. (1976) [III. Biotic damages, 1. Insects]. In: Shidei, T. (Ed.), [Forest protection]. Asakurashoten, Tokyo, pp. 65 - 101. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1976">Furuno 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97FFE590DFE2F49C3" authority="Matsushita 1943" authorityName="Matsushita" authorityYear="1943" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luchuensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97FFE590DFEC349C4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. luchuensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97B62592CFE1449C3" author="Matsushita" box="[283,473,1907,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Matsushita, M. (1943) [Forest pest insects]. Toyamabo, Tokyo, 410 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1943">Matsushita 1943</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97B94592AFCF649C3" authority="Mitono 1936" authorityName="Mitono" authorityYear="1936" box="[493,827,1907,1932]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="massoniana">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97B94592AFD4349C4" box="[493,654,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. massoniana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA978E5592CFCFE49C3" author="Mitono" box="[668,819,1907,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Mitono, T. (1936) [Insect pests of man-made forests and methods of their extermination and prevention for the forest protection in Taiwan]. Taiwan-no-sanrin, 117, 149. (In Japanese.) (Cited from Matsushita 1943.)" type="journal article" year="1936">Mitono 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA9793F592AFBBA49C3" authority="Okutani 1967" authorityName="Okutani" authorityYear="1967" box="[838,1143,1907,1932]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9793F592AFC0E49C4" box="[838,963,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. palustris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA979A8592CFBBD49C3" author="Okutani" box="[977,1136,1907,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">Okutani 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97EFA592AFAB149C3" authority="Sato 1981" authorityName="Sato" authorityYear="1981" box="[1155,1404,1907,1932]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97EFA592AFB3C49C4" box="[1155,1265,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. radiata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97E86592CFAB949C3" author="Sato" box="[1279,1396,1907,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sato, H. (1981) Biological study on Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of Iwate Prefectural Forest Experiment Station, 4, 1 - 43. (In Japanese, with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1981">Sato 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97FFE592AFF2449E6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97FFE592AFF2449E6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. strobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97A8159C9FEB749E6" author="Yogo" box="[248,378,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Yogo, M. (1965) [From among recent forest insect pests]. Hoppo-ringyo, 17, 399 - 401. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1965">Yogo 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97BFE59C9FDEA49E6" author="Okutani" box="[391,551,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">Okutani 1967</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA9784559C8FC9C49E6" authority="Okutani 1967" authorityName="Okutani" authorityYear="1967" box="[572,849,1942,1966]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taeda">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9784559C8FD5549E6" box="[572,664,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. taeda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA978D059C9FC8749E6" author="Okutani" box="[681,842,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Okutani, T. (1967) Food plants of Japanese Symphyta (I). Japanese Journal of applied Entomology and Zoology, 11, 43 - 49. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1967">Okutani 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA9792659C8FB4449E6" authority="Yano 1916" authorityName="Yano" authorityYear="1916" box="[863,1161,1942,1966]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9792659C8FC3C49E6" box="[863,1009,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. thunbergii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97E7859C9FB4C49E6" author="Yano" box="[1025,1153,1942,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Yano, M. (1916) [Scientific names of pine sawflies]. Konchu-sekai, 20 (225), 3 - 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1916">Yano 1916</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97EEE59C8FF174999" authority="Furuno 1976" authorityName="Furuno" authorityYear="1976" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97EEE59C8FAF549E6" box="[1175,1336,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. wallichiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA97F3059C9FF1E4999" author="Furuno" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Furuno, T. (1976) [III. Biotic damages, 1. Insects]. In: Shidei, T. (Ed.), [Forest protection]. Asakurashoten, Tokyo, pp. 65 - 101. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1976">Furuno 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, “slash pine (
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97B0859E5FE224999" box="[369,495,1977,2001]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97B0859E5FE224999" box="[369,495,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)” (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB9FFA9786D59E6FD064999" author="Yie" box="[532,715,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Yie, S. T., Hsu, S. J. &amp; Chu, Y. I. (1966 a) Biological study of the more important insect-pests attacking genus Pinus introduced from the USA. III. Biological study of pine sawfly Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt. Plant Protection Bulletin, 8 (3), 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="1966" yearSuffix="a">
Yie 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA9783D59E5FDB94999" box="[580,628,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. 1966a
</bibRefCitation>
). We have only examined specimens reared on 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97EA259E5FAA04999" box="[1243,1389,1977,2001]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luchuensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97EA259E5FAA04999" box="[1243,1389,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. luchuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB9FFA97AEE5982FECE49BC" box="[151,259,2012,2036]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB9FFA97AEE5982FECE49BC" box="[151,259,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. strobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other host plants need confirmation (see under Remarks).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB8FFA87ABE5EC8FB6D4EBF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87ABE5EC8FE994EF8" bold="true" box="[199,340,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Life history</emphasis>
. Adults have been collected in the field from late April to late October in Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu and from early March to late November in the Ryukyu Islands. The sawfly is probably multivoltine in the temperate and subtropical regions. Previous studies need confirmation (see under Remarks).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB8FFA87ABE5F5CFC894C84" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87ABE5F5CFE634F54" bold="true" box="[199,430,259,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comparative notes</emphasis>
. The three species treated here, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA879415F5AFC064F54" box="[824,971,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA879415F5AFC064F54" box="[824,971,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA879A65F5AFB954F54" box="[991,1112,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA879A65F5AFB954F54" box="[991,1112,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87EE05F5AFAE74F54" box="[1177,1322,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87EE05F5AFAE74F54" box="[1177,1322,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and one Japanese species, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87B185F76FE3D4F08" box="[353,496,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B185F76FE3D4F08" box="[353,496,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are similar to each other in having the following combination of characters: Head, thorax and abdomen mostly black; legs black, with trochanters and their adjacent areas white to brown, distinctly pale, and apices of femora, wide basal area of hind tibia and most of tarsi white to yellow; distances between eye and hind ocellus and between hind ocelli 0.8–1.3: 1.0; malar space narrower than front ocellus; hind tarsus with second and third tarsomeres combined 0.8–1.1 × first in length; in female, seventh and eighth abdominal terga usually each with white to yellowish brown lateral spot, third antennomere with ramus more than 1.5 × length of third antennomere, and sawsheath in dorsal view narrow and apically incised. Four Chinese species, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87F7B5C5EFA584C50" box="[1282,1429,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87F7B5C5EFA584C50" box="[1282,1429,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87AEE5C7AFE824C74" box="[151,335,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87AEE5C7AFE824C74" box="[151,335,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87B275C7AFD944C74" box="[350,601,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanglongshanicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B275C7AFD944C74" box="[350,601,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. huanglongshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878E85C7AFCEF4C74" box="[657,802,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degenicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878E85C7AFCEF4C74" box="[657,802,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. degenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are probably similar to the above four species, because 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87AEE5C16FEE34C28" box="[151,302,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87AEE5C16FEE34C28" box="[151,302,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87B385C16FE334C28" box="[321,510,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B385C16FE334C28" box="[321,510,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878475C16FCF34C28" box="[574,830,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanglongshanicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878475C16FCF34C28" box="[574,830,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. huanglongshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described as resembling 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87ED65C16FA8F4C28" box="[1199,1346,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87ED65C16FA8F4C28" box="[1199,1346,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87FFB5C16FECA4CCC" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degenicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87FFB5C16FECA4CCC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. degenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as closely allied to 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87B925C32FDB34CCC" box="[491,638,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B925C32FDB34CCC" box="[491,638,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, their characters were insufficiently detailed (see 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB8FFA87F5D5C33FF1C4CEF" author="Xiao" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87F1A5C32FA584CCC" box="[1379,1429,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB8FFA87AA45CD0FED54CEF" author="Xiao" box="[221,280,655,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1984) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 20, 366 - 371. (In Chinese; English abstract in Xiao et al. 1985.)" type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB8FFA87B5D5CD0FE924CEF" author="Xiao" box="[292,351,655,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1985) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) (continuation). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 21, 30 - 43. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB8FFA87B125CD0FE6B4CEF" author="Xiao" box="[363,422,655,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Xiao, G., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P. (1992) Economic sawfly fauna of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing, 226 pp. (In Chinese.)" type="book" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB8FFA87BCB5CD0FDAC4CEF" author="Zhu" box="[434,609,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Zhu, J. &amp; Bianweihui [= Editorial Committee] (1983) Huanglongshan-hei-song-yefeng Nesodiprion huanglongshanicus Xiao et Huang. In: [Chinese Academy of Forestry] (Ed.), [Chinese Forest Insects]. China Forestry Press, Beijing, pp. 888 - 890. (In Chinese.)" type="book chapter" year="1983">
Zhu 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B9F5CCEFDD54CE0" box="[486,536,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
), and we have not examined any specimens safely identifiable with these species except for the lancet and penis valve of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878D45CEAFCF04C84" box="[685,829,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degenicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878D45CEAFCF04C84" box="[685,829,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. degenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFB8FFA87AEE5BBBFEB3481E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209567/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,769,1486]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB8FFA87AEE5BBBFEB3481E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1508,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87AEE5BBBFE874BB2" bold="true" box="[151,330,1508,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 5A–I.</emphasis>
First abdominal tergum of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878265BBAFC894BB3" box="[607,836,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878265BBAFC894BB3" box="[607,836,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–C), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA879E15BB9FBCD4BB3" box="[920,1024,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA879E15BB9FBCD4BB3" box="[920,1024,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D–F) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87E0F5BB9FB394BB3" box="[1142,1268,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87E0F5BB9FB394BB3" box="[1142,1268,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G–I). A, D, E, G, H, Female; B, C, F, I, male. A, G, H, I, Reversed images. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87881585BFCB64851" box="[760,891,1540,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87881585BFCB64851" box="[760,891,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, Honshu, Zu; B, lectotype; C, Korea, Tokchomkogae. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87AA6587CFE8A4870" box="[223,327,1570,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87AA6587CFE8A4870" box="[223,327,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: D, Lectotype; E, Zhejiang prov., Anji; F, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87E71587CFB4A4870" box="[1032,1159,1570,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87E71587CFB4A4870" box="[1032,1159,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: G, H, Paratypes, Thailand, Bo Luang; I, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB8FFA87ABE58DEFAAC494C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1664,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87ABE58DEFE0848D1" box="[199,453,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87ABE58DEFE0848D1" box="[199,453,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878E858DDFCC948D1" box="[657,772,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878E858DDFCC948D1" box="[657,772,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA8794058DDFC0848D1" box="[825,965,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA8794058DDFC0848D1" box="[825,965,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the fine punctures on the posterior part of the mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB8FFA87BFA58FBFDC248F4" box="[387,527,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4A, C</figureCitation>
), and punctures on the median mesoscutal lobe about as large as those on the lateral mesoscutal lobe (in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87BBA5895FDFB48A9" box="[451,566,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87BBA5895FDFB48A9" box="[451,566,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878155895FD3A48A9" box="[620,759,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878155895FD3A48A9" box="[620,759,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the punctures large (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB8FFA879915897FB6D48A8" box="[1000,1184,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – L" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,287,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,287,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – L. Thorax of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – H) and N. orientalis (I – L). A, E, I, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; C, G, K, do., male; B, F, J, mesepisternum, female, lateral view; D, H, L, do., male. N. japonicus: A, B, Amami-oshima; C, lectotype; D, Honshu, Fukushima Pref. N. biremis: E, F, Lectotype; G, H, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan. N. orientalis: I, J, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; K, L, holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4E, G, I, K</figureCitation>
), and the punctures on the median lobe larger than those on the lateral lobe). For more comparisons, see under the latter two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB8FFA77AC6594EFC2C4F87" blockId="7.[151,1436,1664,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87AC6594EFE734961" box="[191,446,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87AC6594EFE734961" box="[191,446,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite similar to 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA878ED594DFCE94961" box="[660,804,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA878ED594DFCE94961" box="[660,804,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the main distinguishing characters are in the penis valves. The valviceps in dorsal view is laterally weakly and roundly convex and in lateral view is dorsally convex near the apex in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA87B2D5905FE2E4939" box="[340,483,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA87B2D5905FE2E4939" box="[340,483,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB8FFA87B8D5907FD4B4938" box="[500,646,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 A – M" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,617,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,617,1897]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 13 A – M. Male genitalia of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – E), N. biremis (F – I) and N. orientalis (J – M). A, C – F, H – J, Male genitalia, dorsal view; B, G, K, do., ventral view; L, M, right penis valve, dorsal view. N. japonicus: A, B, Lectotype; C, Amamioshima; D, Korea, Iksan; E, Taiwan. N. biremis: F, G, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan; H, Zhejiang Prov., Anji; I, Shandong Prov., Taian. N. orientalis: J, K, Holotype; L, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine Res. C. ”; M, Yunnan Prov., Anning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209574/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 13A–E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB8FFA878EA5907FD244938" box="[659,745,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 A – J" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1216,1239]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,799,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,799,1194]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 14 A – J. Penis valve of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – G) and N. orientalis (H – J), lateral view. I, J, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Lectotype; B, Amami-oshima; C, Korea, Iksan; D, Taiwan. N. biremis: E, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan; F, Zhejiang Prov., Anji; G, Shandong Prov., Taian. N. orientalis: H, Holotype; I, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine Res. C. ”; J, Yunnan Prov., Anning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209575/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14A–D</figureCitation>
), while in dorsal view more strongly and nearly angularly so and in lateral view dorsally almost straight near the apex in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB8FFA879495921FC7349DD" box="[816,958,1917,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB8FFA879495921FC7349DD" box="[816,958,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB8FFA879B45923FB9649DC" box="[973,1115,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 A – G" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1084,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,1084,1901]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 A – G. Nesodiprion sp. (? huanglongshanicus) (A – E) and N. kagaensis (F, G) A, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; B, sawsheath and cercus, dorsal view (left sawsheath removed); C, lancet; D, F, male genitalia, dorsal view; E, G, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal). Small 2 in C indicates the second annulus. N. sp.: A – C, Taiwan, Riyuetan; D, E, do. N. kagaensis: F, G, Honshu, Morioka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209577/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 16F, G</figureCitation>
). Their females are often not distinguishable except when females are safely or tentatively identifiable with either species, namely collected together with certain males in copulation, whose progeny were reared, or considered as being collected together with certain males. In such females, the mesoscutellum is always predominantly pale in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77EC15EC6FA874EF8" box="[1208,1354,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77EC15EC6FA874EF8" box="[1208,1354,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while predominantly pale to dark or entirely dark in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778DE5EE2FCF54E9C" box="[679,824,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778DE5EE2FCF54E9C" box="[679,824,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the seventh and eighth abdominal terga each are always laterally distinctly pale in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778665EBEFD7D4EB0" box="[543,688,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778665EBEFD7D4EB0" box="[543,688,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while pale or absent in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779AD5EBEFBAB4EB0" box="[980,1126,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779AD5EBEFBAB4EB0" box="[980,1126,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The malar space width is 0.1–0.4 × the front ocellus width in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778565F5AFD704F54" box="[559,701,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778565F5AFD704F54" box="[559,701,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas 0.3–0.7 × in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779B85F5AFB9D4F54" box="[961,1104,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779B85F5AFB9D4F54" box="[961,1104,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, pale females having a very narrow malar space (0.1–0.2 × the front ocellus in width) are 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779ED5F76FBEE4F08" box="[916,1059,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779ED5F76FBEE4F08" box="[916,1059,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pale females having a moderate malar space (0.3–0.4 ×) are not identifiable, and pale females having a wide malar space (0.5 × or more) and dark females are 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B5C5F2EFE754FC0" box="[293,440,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B5C5F2EFE754FC0" box="[293,440,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus id="857E4A8DFFB7FFA778795F30FDAF4FCF" box="[512,610,367,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778F75F2EFCEF4FC0" box="[654,802,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778F75F2EFCEF4FC0" box="[654,802,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(examined, deposited in NSMT) is a female, with the mesoscutellum mostly black, the abdomen entirely black, and the malar space 0.6 × the width of the front ocellus (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA77AE75FE8FEF64F87" author="Togashi" box="[158,315,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Togashi, I. (1998) Four new species of the conifer sawfly genus Nesodiprion (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. A, 24, 253 - 260." type="journal article" year="1998">Togashi 1998</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B365FE7FD834F98" box="[335,590,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B365FE7FD834F98" box="[335,590,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesodiprion kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be detailed in a separate paper.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFB7FFA77AEE5AAFFC0F4B0B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1435,517,1242]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB7FFA77AEE5AAFFC0F4B0B" blockId="8.[151,1436,1264,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77AEE5AAFFE9C4B4D" bold="true" box="[151,337,1264,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 6A–E.</emphasis>
Antenna of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77BB35AAFFD654B4E" box="[458,680,1264,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77BB35AAFFD654B4E" box="[458,680,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, B), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778815AAEFC914B4E" box="[760,860,1264,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778815AAEFC914B4E" box="[760,860,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C, D) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779A85AAEFB874B4E" box="[977,1098,1264,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779A85AAEFB874B4E" box="[977,1098,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E). A, C–E, Female; B, male. A, E, Outer lateral view; B–D, inner lateral view. D, E, Reversed images. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779315B4FFC0E4B6D" box="[840,963,1296,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779315B4FFC0E4B6D" box="[840,963,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, Amami-oshima; B, lectotype. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77F6D5B4FFAB44B6D" box="[1300,1401,1295,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77F6D5B4FFAB44B6D" box="[1300,1401,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: C, Lectotype; D, Zhejiang Prov., Anji. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B8F5B70FDA24B0C" box="[502,623,1326,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B8F5B70FDA24B0C" box="[502,623,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: E, paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB7FFA67ABE5B2FFC604F77" blockId="8.[151,1437,1392,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
According to the original descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778C45B2EFC984BC0" box="[701,853,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778C45B2EFC984BC0" box="[701,853,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA779135B2EFBE44BC0" box="[874,1065,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779135B2EFBE44BC0" box="[874,1065,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77E445B2EFAF34BC0" box="[1085,1342,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanglongshanicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77E445B2EFAF34BC0" box="[1085,1342,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. huanglongshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77FFB5B2EFECA4BE4" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degenicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77FFB5B2EFECA4BE4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. degenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA77B615BCBFE144BE4" author="Xiao" box="[280,473,1428,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B235BCAFE434BE4" box="[346,398,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA77B915BCBFDEE4BE4" author="Xiao" box="[488,547,1428,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1984) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 20, 366 - 371. (In Chinese; English abstract in Xiao et al. 1985.)" type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA778485BCBFDA14BE4" author="Xiao" box="[561,620,1428,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1985) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) (continuation). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 21, 30 - 43. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778FA5BCAFCDA4BE4" box="[643,791,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778FA5BCAFCDA4BE4" box="[643,791,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the head and thorax shiny, the head, pronotum and mesoscutellum with coarse punctures, and the median and lateral mesoscutal lobes with small and uniform punctures; 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B605B82FE1A4BBC" box="[281,471,1500,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B605B82FE1A4BBC" box="[281,471,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the head and thorax moderately shiny with dense and coarse punctures; 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77FFB5B82FEBC4850" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanglongshanicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77FFB5B82FEBC4850" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. huanglongshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the head and thorax moderately shiny, the head, pronotum and mesoscutellum with coarse and somewhat sparse punctures, and the median and lateral mesoscutal lobes with somewhat small and uniform punctures; and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B3A5816FE194828" box="[323,468,1608,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="degenicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B3A5816FE194828" box="[323,468,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. degenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the head and thorax with “bluish purplish reflection” and dense punctures and the mesoscutellum and “[front-lateral mesoscutal lobe]” (in Chinese) with somewhat sparse punctures. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77FFB5832FEC948E0" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77FFB5832FEC948E0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently similar to 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA7786258CEFD6348E0" box="[539,686,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7786258CEFD6348E0" box="[539,686,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking metallic reflection on the head and thorax and the fine punctures on the mesoscutum. Concerning the body color of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA7793758EAFB714884" authority="Xiao et al. (1981)" authorityName="Xiao et al." authorityYear="1981" box="[846,1212,1716,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7793758EAFC2C4884" box="[846,993,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA7798858EBFB714884" box="[1009,1212,1716,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77E4958EAFBAE4884" box="[1072,1123,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (1981)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
only wrote that the body is black, but the seventh and eighth abdominal terga are each laterally with a pale yellow white mark, and did not refer to color of the pronotum, mesoscutellum and legs. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA7790058A3FBF3495C" box="[889,1086,1788,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1984) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 20, 366 - 371. (In Chinese; English abstract in Xiao et al. 1985.)" type="journal article">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA779CC58A2FC2B495C" box="[949,998,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
wrote that the female and male pronotums are black. We suppose the color of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA778E4597EFCE24970" box="[669,815,1825,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA778E4597EFCE24970" box="[669,815,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77E06597EFAC14970" box="[1151,1292,1825,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77E06597EFAC14970" box="[1151,1292,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because the authors wrote 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B41591AFE064914" box="[312,459,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B41591AFE064914" box="[312,459,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembling 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA7782F591AFD284914" box="[598,741,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7782F591AFD284914" box="[598,741,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while they did not use color for separating these two species (cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA77ABA5937FEB449C8" author="Xiao" box="[195,377,1896,1920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B795936FEFC49C8" box="[256,305,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
). The males are easily separable by the penis valve. The valviceps in lateral view is sinuate and gradually widened toward the apex in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA7783959D2FD0049EC" box="[576,717,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7783959D2FD0049EC" box="[576,717,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB7FFA778A559D3FCBC49EC" box="[732,881,1932,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 A – J" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1216,1239]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,799,1194]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,799,1194]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 14 A – J. Penis valve of Nesodiprion japonicus (A – D), N. biremis (E – G) and N. orientalis (H – J), lateral view. I, J, Reversed images. N. japonicus: A, Lectotype; B, Amami-oshima; C, Korea, Iksan; D, Taiwan. N. biremis: E, Guangdong prov., Ruyuan; F, Zhejiang Prov., Anji; G, Shandong Prov., Taian. N. orientalis: H, Holotype; I, paratype, Thailand, “ Pine Res. C. ”; J, Yunnan Prov., Anning." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209575/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 14A–D</figureCitation>
), whereas the valviceps is distinctly constricted at the apical third in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77B1A59EEFE384980" box="[355,501,1969,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77B1A59EEFE384980" box="[355,501,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as in 
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB7FFA7784E59EFFD5B4980" box="[567,662,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 A – G" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1084,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,1084,1901]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 A – G. Nesodiprion sp. (? huanglongshanicus) (A – E) and N. kagaensis (F, G) A, Posterior part of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, female, dorsal view; B, sawsheath and cercus, dorsal view (left sawsheath removed); C, lancet; D, F, male genitalia, dorsal view; E, G, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal). Small 2 in C indicates the second annulus. N. sp.: A – C, Taiwan, Riyuetan; D, E, do. N. kagaensis: F, G, Honshu, Morioka." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209577/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA778DC59EFFCAD4980" author="Xiao" box="[677,864,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7789C59EEFCDB4980" box="[741,790,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB7FFA779CD59EFFBA04980" author="Xiao" box="[948,1133,1968,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1985) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) (continuation). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 21, 30 - 43. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1985">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA7798B59EEFBEE4980" box="[1010,1059,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 15). In the female, the lancet of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB7FFA77A86598AFE4149A4" box="[255,396,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB7FFA77A86598AFE4149A4" box="[255,396,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wide, with the length from the apex to the ventral end of the basal row of spines 2.7–2.8 × the maximum width (
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB6FFA67BED5EC8FDE44EE7" box="[404,553,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 A – L" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,285,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,283,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 10 A – L. Lancet of Nesodiprion japonicus. A – E, Lancet; F – L, serrula of second annulus. Small 2 in A indicates second annulus. D, I, L, Reversed images. A, F, Hokkaido, Mori; B, G, Honshu, Kyoto; C, H, Amami-oshima; D, I, J, Korea, Chuncheon; E, K, L, Taiwan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209571/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 10A–E</figureCitation>
), while the lancet of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA6795E5EC6FC734EF8" box="[807,958,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA6795E5EC6FC734EF8" box="[807,958,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow, with the length 3.5–3.7 × the maximum width (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67B265EE3FDD64E9C" author="Xiao" box="[351,539,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67BE65EE2FE1C4E9C" box="[415,465,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA6780B5EE3FCE14E9C" author="Xiao" box="[626,812,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1985) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) (continuation). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 21, 30 - 43. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1985">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678C95EE2FD2F4E9C" box="[688,738,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 35). 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA679E05EE3FBAF4E9C" box="[921,1122,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Xiao, G. - r., Huang, X. - y. &amp; Zhou, S. - z. (1981) Three new species of Nesodiprion from China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 17, 247 - 249, pl. 1. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)" type="journal article">
Xiao 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA679AE5EE2FBC44E9C" box="[983,1033,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (1981)
</bibRefCitation>
distinguished the female of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67AEE5EBEFEE44EB0" box="[151,297,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yananicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67AEE5EBEFEE44EB0" box="[151,297,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. yananicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from that of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67BC65EBEFD804EB0" box="[447,589,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67BC65EBEFD804EB0" box="[447,589,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller serrulae of the second and third annuli and the parallel third “annulus” (= probably the row of spines) and fourth “annulus”. However, these serrulae are somewhat variable in size, and these rows are almost parallel in 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA678095F76FD334F08" box="[624,766,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678095F76FD334F08" box="[624,766,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C2FEE8AAFFB6FFA679745F78FC6C4F77" box="[781,929,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 A – L" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,285,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,283,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 10 A – L. Lancet of Nesodiprion japonicus. A – E, Lancet; F – L, serrula of second annulus. Small 2 in A indicates second annulus. D, I, L, Reversed images. A, F, Hokkaido, Mori; B, G, Honshu, Kyoto; C, H, Amami-oshima; D, I, J, Korea, Chuncheon; E, K, L, Taiwan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209571/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 10A–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0EBAA4A7FFB6FFA67AEE5A72FC954AD7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209569/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1048]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB6FFA67AEE5A72FC954AD7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1069,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67AEE5A72FE834A0B" bold="true" box="[151,334,1069,1092]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 7A–F.</emphasis>
Apex of tibia and basal tarsomeres of hind leg of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA679255A71FB894A0C" box="[860,1092,1070,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA679255A71FB894A0C" box="[860,1092,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A, B), 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67EE55A70FACB4A0C" box="[1180,1286,1070,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67EE55A70FACB4A0C" box="[1180,1286,1070,1092]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C, D) and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67FFD5A70FF354A2A" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67FFD5A70FF354A2A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E, F), anterior view. A, C, E, Female; B, D, F, male. Small br in B indicates breadth. C, D, Reversed images. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67F2E5A12FF344AC9" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67F2E5A12FF344AC9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, Amami-oshima; B, Okinawa-jima. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA678E55A33FCCA4AC9" box="[668,775,1131,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678E55A33FCCA4AC9" box="[668,775,1131,1153]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: C, Lectotype; D, Guangdong Prov., Ruyuan. 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67E8D5A33FAB84AC9" box="[1268,1397,1131,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67E8D5A33FAB84AC9" box="[1268,1397,1131,1153]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: E, Paratype, Thailand, Bo Luang; F, paratype, Thailand, “Pine. Res. C.”.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="12DFA7A4FFB6FFA67ABE5A92FBB14948" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A7AF42FFFB6FFA67ABE5A92FBB14948" blockId="9.[151,1437,1228,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67ABE5A92FEF94AAD" bold="true" box="[199,308,1229,1253]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
. “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67B295A92FD9C4AAD" box="[336,593,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67B295A92FD9C4AAD" box="[336,593,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesodiprion japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” has long been known as an important pest of pines in 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA67EAF5A92FAD44AAC" box="[1238,1305,1229,1252]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA67F5F5A92FAA74AAC" box="[1318,1386,1229,1252]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Korea</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA67AEE5AAFFF204B40" box="[151,237,1264,1288]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. Its pest status has been recognized for more than 100 years in 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA6798E5AAEFBFA4B40" box="[1015,1079,1265,1288]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E325AAFFAD94B40" author="Matsumura" box="[1099,1300,1264,1288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Matsumura, S. (1899). [Japanese pest insects]. Shokabo, Tokyo, 504 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1899">Matsumura 1899</bibRefCitation>
, “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67F575AAFFEC54B64" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Lophyrus japonicus</taxonomicName>
”; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67B5A5B4BFE794B64" author="Sasaki" box="[291,436,1300,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Sasaki, C. (1900) [Pest insects of pine trees]. Dai-nihon-sanrin-kaiho, (210), 1 - 7, fig. 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1900">Sasaki 1900</bibRefCitation>
, “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67BB65B4BFDF04B64" box="[463,573,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lophyrus</taxonomicName>
pallida!”). Many studies on the sawfly have been accumulated in these countries (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67B3D5B66FDCB4B18" author="Matsumura" box="[324,518,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Matsumura, S. (1899). [Japanese pest insects]. Shokabo, Tokyo, 504 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1899">Matsumura 1899</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA678685B67FD514B18" author="Sasaki" box="[529,668,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Sasaki, C. (1900) [Pest insects of pine trees]. Dai-nihon-sanrin-kaiho, (210), 1 - 7, fig. 5. (In Japanese.)" type="journal article" year="1900">Sasaki 1900</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA678D15B67FC8D4B18" author="Niijima" box="[680,832,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Niijima, Y. (1913) [Forest entomology]. Hakubunkan, Tokyo, 412 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1913">Niijima 1913</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA679355B67FC2D4B18" author="Mitono" box="[844,992,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Mitono, T. (1936) [Insect pests of man-made forests and methods of their extermination and prevention for the forest protection in Taiwan]. Taiwan-no-sanrin, 117, 149. (In Japanese.) (Cited from Matsushita 1943.)" type="journal article" year="1936">Mitono 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA679925B67FB654B18" author="Matsushita" box="[1003,1192,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Matsushita, M. (1943) [Forest pest insects]. Toyamabo, Tokyo, 410 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1943">Matsushita 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67ECD5B67FA9D4B18" author="Okutani" box="[1204,1360,1336,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Okutani, T. (1959) [Symphyta]. In: Esaki, T., Ishii, T., Kawada, A., Shiraki, T. &amp; Yuasa, H. (Eds.), Illustrated Insect Larvae of Japan. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 548 - 582. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1959">Okutani 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67F255B66FF1F4B3C" author="Inoue" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Inoue, M. (1960) [Control of forestry insect pests. Last volume (I)]. Chikyushuppan, Tokyo, 210 pp. (In Japanese.)" type="book" year="1960">Inoue 1960</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67A995B03FE9A4B3C" author="Kim" box="[224,343,1372,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Kim, C. W. (1963) Hymenoptera of Korea. Humanities and Sciences (Natural Science), Korea University, 6, 243 - 374. (In Korean.)" type="journal article" year="1963">Kim 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67B1C5B03FDEF4B3C" author="Yie" box="[357,546,1372,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Yie, S. T., Hsu, S. J. &amp; Chu, Y. I. (1966 a) Biological study of the more important insect-pests attacking genus Pinus introduced from the USA. III. Biological study of pine sawfly Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt. Plant Protection Bulletin, 8 (3), 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="1966" yearSuffix="a">
Yie 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67BEF5B01FE074B3D" box="[406,458,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. 1966a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA678565B03FDB44B3C" author="Yie" box="[559,633,1372,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Yie, S. T., Hsu, S. J. &amp; Chu, Y. I. (1966 b) Biological study of the more important insect-pests attacking genus Pinus introduced from the USA. IV. Frass studies of pine sawfly (Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt). Plant Protection Bulletin, 8 (4), 269 - 273." type="journal article" year="1966" yearSuffix="b">1966b</bibRefCitation>
, 1967; Yie &amp; Hsu 1967; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA679D95B03FBDA4B3C" author="Sato" box="[928,1047,1372,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Sato, H. (1981) Biological study on Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of Iwate Prefectural Forest Experiment Station, 4, 1 - 43. (In Japanese, with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1981">Sato 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E5C5B02FB224B3C" author="Lee" box="[1061,1263,1372,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Lee, C. - Y. &amp; Kim, I. - L. (1994) A study on the biology of Nesodiprion japonica (Marlatt). Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 33, 60 - 65. (In Korean, with English abstract.)" type="journal article" year="1994">Lee &amp; Kim 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E875B02FF1E4BD0" author="Lee" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Lee, B. - Y. &amp; Chung, Y. - J. (1997) Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs in Korea. Seong An Dang Publishing Co., Seoul, l 0 + 459 pp. (In Korean.)" type="book" year="1997">Lee &amp; Chung 1997</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is probable that previous studies confused two or more species. 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E115BDFFB224BD0" author="Sato" box="[1128,1263,1408,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Sato, H. (1981) Biological study on Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of Iwate Prefectural Forest Experiment Station, 4, 1 - 43. (In Japanese, with English summary.)" type="journal article" year="1981">Sato (1981)</bibRefCitation>
gave the most detailed study on biology and damage of “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA678FB5BF9FCCB4BF5" box="[642,774,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678FB5BF9FCCB4BF5" box="[642,774,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA679455BFAFCB24BF4" box="[828,895,1445,1468]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
, based on a population severely infesting manmade forests of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67B365B96FE254BA8" box="[335,488,1480,1504]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67B365B96FE254BA8" box="[335,488,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Iwate Prefecture, Honshu from 
<date id="2E7BD2EFFFB6FFA6790E5B97FBDC4BA8" box="[887,1041,1480,1504]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1966" valueMax="1974">1966 to 1974</date>
. We examined specimens from his study kept in FFPRIH and HFRI, and have recognized that all the males (n=10) are 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67E215BB1FB25484D" box="[1112,1256,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67E215BB1FB25484D" box="[1112,1256,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the females of these two species are often indistinguishable as stated above). 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA6792A584FFC324860" author="Okutani" box="[851,1023,1552,1576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Okutani, T. (1959) [Symphyta]. In: Esaki, T., Ishii, T., Kawada, A., Shiraki, T. &amp; Yuasa, H. (Eds.), Illustrated Insect Larvae of Japan. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, pp. 548 - 582. (In Japanese.)" type="book chapter" year="1959">Okutani (1959)</bibRefCitation>
described the larva of “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67F75584EFA424860" box="[1292,1423,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67F75584EFA424860" box="[1292,1423,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in detail, and all males (n=2) of 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67B83586AFD494805" box="[506,644,1589,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67B83586AFD494805" box="[506,644,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesodiprion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reared before 
<quantity id="9D3D59CAFFB6FFA6795D586BFCB54804" box="[804,888,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.975859999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1959.0">1959 in</quantity>
KU where his material has been deposited are 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67FFB5869FEC84838" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kagaensis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67FFB5869FEC84838" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. kagaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA67B4A5806FEB74838" box="[307,378,1625,1648]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Korea</collectingCountry>
, two species, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA6786F5806FD684838" box="[534,677,1625,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA6786F5806FD684838" box="[534,677,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA678A55806FC9D4838" box="[732,848,1624,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biremis">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678A55806FC9D4838" box="[732,848,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. biremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have been recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E305807FB714838" author="Kim" box="[1097,1212,1624,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Kim, C. W. (1963) Hymenoptera of Korea. Humanities and Sciences (Natural Science), Korea University, 6, 243 - 374. (In Korean.)" type="journal article" year="1963">Kim 1963</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="3E5489DEFFB6FFA67E8A5807FA554838" author="Zombori" box="[1267,1432,1624,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Zombori, L. (1978) New sawfly species from Korea (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 24 (1 - 2), 253 - 268." type="journal article" year="1978">Zombori 1978</bibRefCitation>
, respectively). In 
<collectingCountry id="22D2B4BFFFB6FFA67B2E5823FE6148DC" box="[343,428,1660,1684]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, we have found two 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA678E45822FCE548DD" box="[669,808,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA678E45822FCE548DD" box="[669,808,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nesodiprion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species associated with 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67E395821FB4D48DD" box="[1088,1152,1662,1685]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67E395821FB4D48DD" box="[1088,1152,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67EE95821FAED48DD" box="[1168,1312,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67EE95821FAED48DD" box="[1168,1312,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67F235821FAA048DD" box="[1370,1389,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N</emphasis>
. sp. (? 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA67AD558FFFE4B48F0" box="[172,390,1696,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Nesodiprion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanglongshanicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA67AD558FFFE4B48F0" box="[172,390,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">huanglongshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see under Materials and Methods), although the former has been known as the only representative of the genus in the area. Reliable characters to separate these four species have not been detailed until this study. Previous studies on “ 
<taxonomicName id="9DC58FACFFB6FFA6784F58B6FD094948" box="[566,708,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="68B1283DFFB6FFA6784F58B6FD094948" box="[566,708,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in these countries must be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>