184 lines
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184 lines
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<mods:title id="BA19327A3695828F432E3D97EB01C80A">The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1EC307CBC689BE8825BC2CBAF347AB52">Machado, Renato Jose Pires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11F29F9E0DD0971F93FFB3CC12EA5FDB">Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A75702F70124551F6CA81F35A76BD69F">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B6282435A9C6F77D945EAE2B67AB36C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="041360B3E36FB2CAA5404C78C77FA22E">2018-11-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="200587D4FFB62840FF4DF9852A6AA251" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5977924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5977924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:200587D4FFB62840FF4DF9852A6AA251" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/200587D4FFB62840FF4DF9852A6AA251" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection id="E0B66549FFB6285FFF4DF9852C4BA587" box="[151,590,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A81336C2FFB6285FFF4DF9852C4BA587" blockId="15.[151,590,1660,1719]" box="[151,590,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="F35B81AEFFB6285FFF4DF9852C4BA587" bold="true" box="[151,590,1660,1686]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFB6285FFF4DF9852C4BA587" ID-CoL="LXRZ" authority="Erichson, 1848" authorityName=": Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,590,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFF4DF9852C4BA587" bold="true" box="[151,590,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFF4DF9852F88A587" bold="true" box="[151,397,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Bittacus geniculatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFE4EF9852C4BA587" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[404,590,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="586 - 587" refId="ref15063" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1848). Neuroptera. In: Schomburgk, R. (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch Guiana in den Jahren 1840 - 1844. Theil 3. Leipzig, pp. 586 - 587." type="book chapter" year="1848">Erichson, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0B66549FFB6285FFF4DF9672F22A5A6" box="[151,295,1694,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A81336C2FFB6285FFF4DF9672F22A5A6" blockId="15.[151,590,1660,1719]" box="[151,295,1694,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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(
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<figureCitation id="30972A47FFB6285FFF45F9672EF9A5A6" box="[159,252,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,208,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1871]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bittacus adult habitus images. a) B. angrensis; b) B. brasiliensis, lectotype; c) B. flavescens, holotype; d) B. geniculatus, holotype. Scale bars = 1 mm. Type specimen photos provided by Michael Ohl (ZMHB)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611649/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Figs. 1d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="30972A47FFB6285FFED2F9672F1BA5A6" box="[264,286,1694,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,428,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,428,1867]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Brazilian Bittacus male epandria, dorsal view. a) B. angrensis; b) B. aripuanensis; c) B. blancheti; d) B. boraceiensis; e) B. brasiliensis; f) B. cruzi sp. n.; g) B. diversinervis; h) B. femoralis; i) B. ferreirai sp. n.; j) B. flavescens; k) B. froehlichi; l) B. genicutalus; m) B. latreillei; n) B. maculosus; o) B. omega; p) B. pintoi; q) B. varzeanus sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611665/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">8l</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0B66549FFB6285FFF4DF9112CB4A42B" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A81336C2FFB6285FFF4DF9112CB4A42B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1766,1850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="88BC11ECFFB6285FFF4DF9112CB4A42B" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFB6285FFF4DF9112C56A5ED" ID-CoL="LXRZ" authority=": Erichson, 1848: 586" authorityName=": Erichson" authorityPageNumber="586" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,595,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFF4DF9112F68A5ED" box="[151,365,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Bittacus geniculatus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFE58F91F2C56A5ED" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[386,595,1766,1788]" page="586" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="1848">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFE58F91F2C23A5ED" author="Erichson, W. F." box="[386,550,1766,1788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="586 - 587" refId="ref15063" refString="Erichson, W. F. (1848). Neuroptera. In: Schomburgk, R. (Ed.), Reisen in Britisch Guiana in den Jahren 1840 - 1844. Theil 3. Leipzig, pp. 586 - 587." type="book chapter" year="1848">Erichson, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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:586
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFDBFF91F2D72A5ED" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[613,887,1766,1788]" page="150" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFDBFF91F2D4EA5ED" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[613,843,1766,1788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref15131" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Mecoptera. Monographic revision. In: Collections Zoologiquesdu Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps. Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif. Fasc. 5. Hayez, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 172." type="book chapter" year="1921">Esben-Petersen, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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:150
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 1927:13;
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFC2BF91E2B1AA5ED" author="Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W." box="[1009,1311,1766,1788]" page="368" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFC2BF91E2AF1A5ED" author="Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W." box="[1009,1268,1766,1788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="365 - 388" refId="ref16022" refString="Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W. (1979 b) A check-list of the Mecoptera of the world. Acta Amazonica, 9 (2), 365 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921979092365" type="journal article" year="1979">Penny & Byers, 1979b</bibRefCitation>
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:368
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFAEBF91F2F19A40A" author="Willmann, R." page="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFAEBF91F2EFBA40A" author="Willmann, R." pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref16394" refString="Willmann, R. (1983) Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen unter den sudamerikanischen Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zoologische Beitrage Neue Folge, 28, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Willmann, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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:55
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFEFDF8FC2C24A40A" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Godoi, F. S. P. & Rafael, J. A." box="[295,545,1797,1819]" page="36" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFEFDF8FC2C06A40A" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Godoi, F. S. P. & Rafael, J. A." box="[295,515,1797,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="27 - 38" refId="ref15417" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Godoi, F. S. P. & Rafael, J. A. (2009) Neotropical Mecoptera (Insecta): new generic synonymies, new combinations, key to families and genera, and checklist of species. Zootaxa, 2148, 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Machado
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFE56F8FF2FBDA40A" box="[396,440,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">et al</emphasis>
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., 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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:36
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFDF1F8FC2CC9A40A" author="Machado, R. J. P." box="[555,716,1797,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" refId="ref15372" refString="Machado, R. J. P. (2018) Bittacidae. Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil (accessed 20 February 2018)" type="url" year="2018">Machado, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFB6285FFF4DF8DD2CA8A42B" authority=": Collucci & Amorim, 2000: 2" authorityName="Collucci & Amorim" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,685,1828,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFF4DF8DD2F7BA42B" box="[151,382,1828,1850]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Thyridates geniculatus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="290D10D3FFB6285FFE56F8DD2CA8A42B" author="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S." box="[396,685,1828,1850]" page="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFE56F8DD2C98A42B" author="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S." box="[396,669,1828,1850]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref14802" refString="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S. (2000) Three new species of Thyridates Navas, 1908 (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from Brazil, with new combinations and some comments about phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Contribuicoes Avulsas Sobre a Historia Natural do Brasil, Serie Zoologia, 21, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Collucci & Amorim, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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:2
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0B66549FFB6285FFF4DF89F2F9DA4B2" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A81336C2FFB6285FFF4DF89F2F9DA4B2" blockId="15.[151,1437,1894,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<materialsCitation id="18C43C9FFFB6285FFF4DF89F2F9DA4B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029165111" country="Guyana" location="Species" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="77178860FFB6285FFF4DF89F2EFAA46E" box="[151,255,1894,1919]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male: ZMHB (high resolution images examined).
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<location id="AD736019FFB6285FFCE5F89F2D91A46E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:200587D4FFB62840FF4DF9852A6AA251:AD736019FFB6285FFCE5F89F2D91A46E" box="[831,916,1894,1919]" country="Guyana" name="Species" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Species</location>
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known from
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<collectingCountry id="D0BB7652FFB6285FFBF5F89E2A83A46E" box="[1071,1158,1895,1919]" name="Guyana" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="D0BB7652FFB6285FFB65F89F2B06A46E" box="[1215,1283,1894,1919]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(not possible to determine the state).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0B66549FFB62840FF1DF8562A6AA251" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A81336C2FFB62840FF1DF8562A6AA251" blockId="15.[151,1437,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,324]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFB6285FFF1DF8562FABA4D6" ID-CoL="LXRZ" authorityName=": Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[199,430,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
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<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFB6285FFF1DF8562FABA4D6" box="[199,430,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Bittacus geniculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a unique species, and rarely collected. It is known only by the male
|
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<typeStatus id="77178860FFB6285FFB23F8572B5EA4D6" box="[1273,1371,1966,1991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
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from
|
||
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<collectingCountry id="D0BB7652FFB6285FFF4DF82A2EEBA4FA" box="[151,238,2003,2027]" name="Guyana" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
|
|
and another specimen from
|
||
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<collectingCountry id="D0BB7652FFB6285FFDEFF82B2C79A4FA" box="[565,636,2002,2027]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="318">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
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, reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFB6285FFCCEF82B2A16A4FA" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[788,1043,2002,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="318" pagination="13 - 18" refId="ref15172" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1927) New and little-known species of Mecoptera and Neuroptera in the Zoological Museum of Helsingfors. Notulae Entomologicae, 7, 13 - 18." type="journal article" year="1927">Esben-Petersen (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
and held in the Helsinki museum. This specimen is likely from one of the Amazonian Brazilian states.
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFA92840FC33FF6E2AB5A3A1" author="Willmann, R." box="[1001,1200,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref16394" refString="Willmann, R. (1983) Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen unter den sudamerikanischen Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zoologische Beitrage Neue Folge, 28, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Willmann (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
did not include
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFA92840FA5EFF602F1DA3C4" ID-CoL="LXRZ" authorityName=": Erichson" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFA92840FA5EFF602F1DA3C4" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">B. geniculatus</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
in
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFA92840FEE1FF452FB6A3C4" ID-CoL="7WL8" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1908" box="[315,435,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFA92840FEE1FF452FB6A3C4" box="[315,435,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">Thyridates</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
, mainly because the first fork of Rs in the forewing does not form a right angle. However, the species was transferred to
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFA92840FE33FF262C65A3E9" ID-CoL="7WL8" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1908" box="[489,608,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Thyridates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFA92840FE33FF262C65A3E9" box="[489,608,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">Thyridates</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
by
|
||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CC3D4B33FFA92840FD56FF262DC7A3E9" author="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S." box="[652,962,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref14802" refString="Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S. (2000) Three new species of Thyridates Navas, 1908 (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from Brazil, with new combinations and some comments about phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Contribuicoes Avulsas Sobre a Historia Natural do Brasil, Serie Zoologia, 21, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Collucci & Amorim (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
|
|
, who includes it in the “group
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFA92840FAC6FF182B8DA3E9" ID-CoL="LXQJ" authorityName=": Souza Lopes & Mangabeira" authorityYear="1942" box="[1308,1416,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angrensis">
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFA92840FAC6FF182B8DA3E9" box="[1308,1416,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">angrensis</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
”, based on its falcate forewing.
|
||
|
|
<emphasis id="9AD8EAD0FFA92840FE3EFEFC2CCBA20C" box="[484,718,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">
|
||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FAC4D41FFA92840FE3EFEFC2CCCA20C" ID-CoL="LXRZ" authorityName=": Erichson" authorityYear="1848" box="[484,713,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Bittacidae" genus="Bittacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatus">Bittacus geniculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
|
,
|
||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
||
|
|
can be easily distinguished from the remaining species based on its extremely long pterostigma, Rs
|
||
|
|
<subScript id="34283487FFA92840FDC2FECF2C35A255" attach="left" box="[536,560,310,324]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="319">1+2</subScript>
|
||
|
|
not forking, and by the elongated male epandrium.
|
||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
||
|
|
</treatment>
|
||
|
|
</document>
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