469 lines
78 KiB
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469 lines
78 KiB
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<document id="61D9E5CCCC6FFADF7428001C40EE6391" ID-CLB-Dataset="5941" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c3b88e8-5b57-422e-b030-ebbe65c9b246" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908941" ID-ZooBank="E05CF7B1-8410-4482-AB7D-DC9833479CC3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623106401317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sitjà, Cèlia & Maldonado, Manuel" docDate="2014" docId="03DF87B62977FFCEFF30F948C968FA5E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03760p179.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3760 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado 2014, nov. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="FFE6FFCE2965FFDBFFA7FFB7CB00F903" masterDocTitle="New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1699002356133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B031A540F2403A6E57B8AC5A484ED5C">
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<mods:title id="B01DADAAB9374AC85B74212E732DAF12">New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="85047491CA64B55B31080A0CFC7EC470" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="962FEDC67066A14A2AA019A785B77B69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA1D8C8F0D09E6BB66F8EC8DABF8CCC8">Sitjà, Cèlia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DDCE9CB1D04AC20C450D92E2B14A8A42" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="893BA8CB902E82F49E60FF6535685240">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="47CFC17A77A96F1E6463A6CC0C185FB7">Maldonado, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FA9C0259F20C4C8FA3594E93F432F5D" type="email">maldonado@ceab.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A6C5CDF2A96A70EF40BE88E7C0BBD5A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B962877C6D56AA94CAAF5A74A6F2CD9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6EA96A347C7D6F641114547B305305C5">
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<mods:date id="986812550A41135B75DB7BD486757A5E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="414F7FE0A324CB4FCE71CCBF93E6B8F8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E06D6C5DAC2C8CF3D6C4EE7F8A72A4E5">2014-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63848F082BA18035BCE100E673862339">3760</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="162EEFE9ADC3DFF04D429BA7D5BEC40C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="892DAD088209A63B97C08653B36DC279">2</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="6C4228D879D4D6E84FDD64241E124984">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DD6BF9FB5CB59BE534EFA13E83BB87C3" type="CLB-Dataset">5941</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7EBAB7AC3903B26CC6B85627ED680004" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E368942B3E47535547A7F43AB97A743B" type="GBIF-Dataset">1c3b88e8-5b57-422e-b030-ebbe65c9b246</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="38CEA5C6E7513BE7B72DB2B80911DC82" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EDF194DC0AD2718AE3667D1C7A231411" type="Zenodo-Dep">4908941</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DF87B62977FFCEFF30F948C968FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183203050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87B62977FFCEFF30F948C968FA5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87B62977FFCEFF30F948C968FA5E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2977FFC9FF30F948CAC2FE19" box="[151,450,1791,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF30F948CAC2FE19" blockId="18.[151,482,1791,1851]" box="[151,450,1791,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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<heading id="D08181CC2977FFC9FF30F948CAC2FE19" bold="true" box="[151,450,1791,1818]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF30F948CAC2FE19" bold="true" box="[151,450,1791,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FF30F948CA5DFE1A" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,349,1791,1817]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF30F948CA5DFE1A" bold="true" box="[151,349,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella spatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FEC3F8B7CAC2FE19" box="[356,450,1792,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2977FFC9FF30F895CAE2FE38" box="[151,482,1826,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF30F895CAE2FE38" blockId="18.[151,482,1791,1851]" box="[151,482,1826,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FF38F895CA22FE38" box="[159,290,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Figs. 6D–G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FE8AF895CA3DFE38" box="[301,317,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">8</figureCitation>
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; tables 2, 3, 5)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2977FFC9FF30F8DDC9DCFEA4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF30F8DDC9DCFEA4" blockId="18.[151,1436,1898,2031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF30F8DDCA1EFE80" bold="true" box="[151,286,1898,1923]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species is named after the "spatula" tool (a diminutive form of the Latin "spatha"), which bears resemblance to the external shape of the specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2977FFCFFF60F805CF84FFC8" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF60F805C8CCFEEC" blockId="18.[151,1436,1898,2031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF60F805CAB1FEC8" bold="true" box="[199,433,1970,1995]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CD88022977FFC9FE1EF805C921FEC8" box="[441,545,1970,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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MNCN-Sp145-BV33B collected from type locality Stn. 33 (
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<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2977FFC9FB76F805CE27FEC8" box="[1233,1319,1970,1995]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FA92F805CE76FEC8" box="[1333,1398,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-390@2.[151,1436,770,1586]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of the Alboran Island in the Mediterranean. (B) Distribution of the 25 studied sampling stations over the bathymetric map of the shelf of the Alboran Island." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908943/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), a
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<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FF30F861CA2BFEED" box="[151,299,2006,2031]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.34" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="153.5" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="134.0">134 to 173 m</quantity>
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deep, gravel bottom at the deep shelf of the Alboran Island.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0966282976FFC8FF30FB3BC965FC7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" startId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02976FFC8FF30FB3BC965FC7A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1164,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FF30FB3BCA0BFDA1" bold="true" box="[151,267,1164,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FEBFFB3BCABEFDA1" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[280,446,1164,1186]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FEBFFB3BCABEFDA1" box="[280,446,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Axinella spatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FE63FB3BC914FDA1" bold="true" box="[452,532,1164,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92976FFC8FE63FB3BC914FDA1" box="[452,532,1164,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FC03FAF3CF0EFC59" box="[932,1038,1348,1370]" genus="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
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region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02976FFC8FF60FA16CFE1FF03" blockId="19.[151,1436,1440,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
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Twenty-two
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<typeStatus id="54CD88022976FFC8FEF1FA16CAC1FCBA" box="[342,449,1441,1465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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designated: MNCN-Sp28-BV14A to C from Stn. 14; MNCN-Sp116-BV15A to I from Stn.15; MNCN-Sp57-BV21A to C (blackish specimens) and MNCN-Sp65-BV21A & B from Stn. 21; MNCN- Sp145-BV33A & C to D from Stn. 33; MNCN-Sp188-BV41A & B from Stn. 41 (
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<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2976FFC8FB8AFA50CF81FF03" box="[1069,1153,1511,1536]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A252976FFC8FB28FA50CFD0FF03" box="[1167,1232,1511,1536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-390@2.[151,1436,770,1586]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of the Alboran Island in the Mediterranean. (B) Distribution of the 25 studied sampling stations over the bathymetric map of the shelf of the Alboran Island." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908943/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02976FFC8FF60F9BCCFE8FF8D" blockId="19.[151,1436,1440,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
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Comparative material:
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<typeStatus id="54CD88022976FFC8FE6CF9BCC927FF27" box="[459,551,1547,1572]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FD16F9BCCF1AFF27" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[689,1050,1547,1572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FD16F9BCC85FFF27" box="[689,863,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Axinella flustra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512976FFC8FCC8F9BCCF11FF27" author="Topsent, E." box="[879,1041,1547,1572]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
=
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FB9EF9BBCE98FF27" authority="Topsent, 1892" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[1081,1432,1547,1572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FB9EF9BBCFEEFF27" box="[1081,1262,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Tragosia flustra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512976FFC8FB51F9BCCE98FF27" author="Topsent, E." box="[1270,1432,1547,1572]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, since no
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD88022976FFC8FEA5F999CA64FF44" box="[258,356,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
was designated by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512976FFC8FDF7F998C9FEFF44" author="Topsent, E." box="[592,766,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
for this species (Table 3).
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD88022976FFC8FB98F999CFA6FF44" box="[1087,1190,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
were
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D70FD292976FFC8FB55F998CE9BFF44" box="[1266,1435,1582,1607]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
(MOM-040044) from Bay of Biscay (Stn. 58;
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672976FFC8FD0EF9E5C808FF68" box="[681,776,1618,1643]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" precision="925" value="43.666668">43º40’N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672976FFC8FCB7F9E5C867FF68" box="[784,871,1618,1643]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" precision="925" value="-8.916667">8º55’W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FCD3F9E5C8BCFF6A" box="[884,956,1618,1643]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
deep,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFC810602976FFC8FBAEF9E5CFB3FF68" box="[1033,1203,1618,1643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" value="1886-08-07">7 August 1886</date>
|
|||
|
|
) and
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D70FD292976FFC8FB52F9E5CE9BFF68" box="[1269,1435,1618,1643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
(MOM-040272) from Azores (Stn. 247;
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672976FFC8FDFBF9C2C9ECFF8D" box="[604,748,1653,1678]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="23.500" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" precision="1" value="38.391666">38º23.500’N</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672976FFC8FD54F9C2C888FF8D" box="[755,904,1653,1678]" degrees="30" direction="west" minutes="20.333" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" precision="1" value="-30.338882">30º20.333’W</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FC33F9C2C8DBFF8E" box="[916,987,1653,1678]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="318.0">318 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
deep,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFC810602976FFC8FB83F9C2CFDBFF8D" box="[1060,1243,1653,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" value="1888-08-30">30 August 1888</date>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02976FFC8FF60F92FC97EFEF2" blockId="19.[151,1436,1440,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22976FFC8FF60F92FCAF2FFB2" bold="true" box="[199,498,1688,1713]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" reason="1">Macroscopic description.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Erect, flabellate sponges (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252976FFC8FCBEF92FC891FFB2" box="[793,913,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6E–G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2976FFC8FC3BF92FC8F0FFB2" box="[924,1008,1688,1713]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,241,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative data of Axinella spatula nov. sp. specimens, including branching level, color after preservation," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). They are
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FBC9F92FCFF4FFB3" box="[1134,1268,1688,1713]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="67.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="35.0">35–100 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in height, with a basal stalk-like region in which
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FDBEF90BC990FFD6" box="[537,656,1724,1749]" genus="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
progressively increases in wideness from the attachment point up to about 1/4 of the height, where it becomes approximately rectangular (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FC02F968CF02FFF4" box="[933,1026,1759,1784]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">3–9 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in wideness).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232976FFC8FB03F968CE23FFFB" box="[1188,1315,1759,1784]" genus="The" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">The lamina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is thin (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FA27F968CBF1FE1F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1– 1.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) and flexuous. It can be undivided, or, in some individuals, forming two or three flattened branches, all with a regular apical margin (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252976FFC8FE55F891C94DFE3C" box="[498,589,1830,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The sponge surface is porous to the dissecting microscope, largely and irregularly hispid. Most collected individuals are pale orange when alive, turning into yellowish white to beige after ethanol preservation. Nevertheless, three of the specimens show remarkable color dissimilarity, being dark brown to black, at least after preservation in ethanol (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252976FFC8FD5AF826C879FEA9" box="[765,889,1937,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="160">Fig. 6F–G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Some of these blackish specimens (part of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD88022976FFC8FF30F802CBF7FECE" box="[151,247,1973,1997]" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
series) also account for the largest sizes (up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452976FFC8FCB9F803C87EFECF" box="[798,894,1972,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in height) and have the stalk-like region more flattened than the orange-beige individuals.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" ID-Table-UUID="DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" startId="20.[151,241,152,175]" targetBox="[152,1432,234,638]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFF30FF2FCA0AF9AC" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Comparative data of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232971FFCFFE56FF20C99EF9AC" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[497,670,151,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFE56FF20C99EF9AC" box="[497,670,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Axinella spatula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFD02FF2FC9FBF9AC" bold="true" box="[677,763,152,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92971FFCFFD02FF2FC9FBF9AC" box="[677,763,152,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
specimens, including branching level, color after preservation, and size range of styles and oxeas.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCFFF3FFF5DCE3CFB7D" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="F976C40029710024FF3FFF5DCE98FB7D" box="[152,1432,234,638]" gridcols="6" gridrows="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFF5DCE98F81C" box="[152,1432,234,287]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFF5DCA8CF81C" box="[152,396,234,287]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Specimen</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FE11FF5DC92CF81C" box="[438,556,234,287]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Branching</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFF5DC9B9F81C" box="[605,697,234,287]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Color (alcohol)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FD56FF5DC8A2F81C" box="[753,930,234,287]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Styles (µm)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FC75FF5DCF89F81C" box="[978,1161,234,287]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Oxeas (µm)</th>
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FB19FF5DCE98F81C" box="[1214,1432,234,287]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Trichodragmata (µm)</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFE85CE98F84B" box="[152,1432,306,328]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFE85CA8CF84B" box="[152,396,306,328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp28- BV14A</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FE85C92CF84B" box="[438,556,306,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">unbranched</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFE85C9B9F84B" box="[605,697,306,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">beige</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FE85C8A2F84B" box="[753,930,306,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">170–1300 x 8–20</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FE85CF89F84B" box="[978,1161,306,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">180–430 x 5–12</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FE85CE98F84B" box="[1214,1432,306,328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">22.5–32.5 x 8–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFEEBCE98F871" box="[152,1432,348,370]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFEEBCA8CF871" box="[152,396,348,370]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp28- BV14B</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FEEBC92CF871" box="[438,556,348,370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">unbranched</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFEEBC9B9F871" box="[605,697,348,370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">beige</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FEEBC8A2F871" box="[753,930,348,370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">310–1250 x 5–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FEEBCF89F871" box="[978,1161,348,370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">210–450 x 4–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FEEBCE98F871" box="[1214,1432,348,370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–28 x 5–8</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFE32CE98F898" box="[152,1432,389,411]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFE32CA8CF898" box="[152,396,389,411]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp57- BV21A</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FE32C92CF898" box="[438,556,389,411]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">unbranched</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFE32C9B9F898" box="[605,697,389,411]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">black</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FE32C8A2F898" box="[753,930,389,411]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">350–1400 x 5–20</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FE32CF89F898" box="[978,1161,389,411]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">220–500 x 2.5–20</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FE32CE98F898" box="[1214,1432,389,411]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–30 x 6.25–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFE19CE98F8E0" box="[152,1432,430,483]" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFE19CA8CF8E0" box="[152,396,430,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp57- BV21B</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FE19C92CF8E0" box="[438,556,430,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">2 incipient branches</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFE19C9B9F8E0" box="[605,697,430,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">black</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FE19C8A2F8E0" box="[753,930,430,483]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">245–1225 x 8–18</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FE19CF89F8E0" box="[978,1161,430,483]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">120–432 x 9–12</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FE19CE98F8E0" box="[1214,1432,430,483]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–30 x 6–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFE41CE98FB0F" box="[152,1432,502,524]" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFE41CA8CFB0F" box="[152,396,502,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp65 -BV21A</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FE41C92CFB0F" box="[438,556,502,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">unbranched</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFE41C9B9FB0F" box="[605,697,502,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">beige</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FE41C8A2FB0F" box="[753,930,502,524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">220–1100 x 5–30</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FE41CF89FB0F" box="[978,1161,502,524]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">220–520 x 5–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FE41CE98FB0F" box="[1214,1432,502,524]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–30 x 9–10</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFD97CE98FB57" box="[152,1432,544,596]" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFD97CA8CFB57" box="[152,396,544,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp145-BV33A</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FD97C92CFB57" box="[438,556,544,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">2 incipient branches</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFD97C9B9FB57" box="[605,697,544,596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">beige</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FD97C8A2FB57" box="[753,930,544,596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">165–1050 x 3–15</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FD97CF89FB57" box="[978,1161,544,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">180–520 x 2.5–15</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FD97CE98FB57" box="[1214,1432,544,596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–30 x 5–8</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="354634E229710024FF3FFDDFCE98FB7D" box="[152,1432,616,638]" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76975D9E29710024FF3FFDDFCA8CFB7D" box="[152,396,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">MNCN-Sp188- BV41A</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FE11FDDFC92CFB7D" box="[438,556,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">unbranched</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FDFAFDDFC9B9FB7D" box="[605,697,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">beige</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FD56FDDFC8A2FB7D" box="[753,930,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">119–1400 x 4–15</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FC75FDDFCF89FB7D" box="[978,1161,616,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">190–750 x 5–20</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76975D9E29710024FB19FDDFCE98FB7D" box="[1214,1432,616,638]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">25–35 x 5–8</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCFFF60FD75CA5FFC3D" blockId="20.[151,1437,706,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFF60FD75CA26FBD8" box="[199,294,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Megascleres are styles and oxeas (
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2971FFCFFD65FD75C81AFBD8" box="[706,794,706,731]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,241,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative data of Axinella spatula nov. sp. specimens, including branching level, color after preservation," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Styles occur in a wide variety of size and shape, with abundant intermediate forms that prevent making putative categories. Styles are often slightly curved, either symmetrically or asymmetrically; sometimes they have more than one flexion point and can even be angulated and, more rarely, slightly sinuous (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFE40FC99C964FA44" box="[487,612,814,839]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The round end is usually regular, occasionally with an annular swelling (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFF38FCE5CBFAFA68" box="[159,250,850,875]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The distal end is of variable morphology, from sharp hastate or acerate
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD88022971FFCFFB92FCE4CF65FA68" box="[1077,1125,851,875]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
to stepped, mucronate, and almost blunt (strongyloxea-like)
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CD88022971FFCFFD85FCC0C952FA8C" box="[546,594,887,911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFDCDFCC1C9CDFA8C" box="[618,717,886,911]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Styles measure 119–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFC810602971FFCFFC44FCC1CF81FA8C" box="[995,1153,886,911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" value="1400-10-03" valueMax="1400-10-30" valueMin="1400-10-03">
|
|||
|
|
1400 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFBEEFCC1CF81FA8C" box="[1097,1153,886,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="3.0">3–30</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
µm, not being further categorizable according to their size. They are also difficult to separate according to their location, but most of those in the choanosomal region are not larger than 550–620 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFCF3FC09C8CAFAD4" box="[852,970,958,983]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Styles in the black specimens have a size range (245–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFC810602971FFCFFE87FC55CAB1FAF8" box="[288,433,994,1019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" value="1400-10-05" valueMax="1400-10-20" valueMin="1400-10-05">
|
|||
|
|
1400 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFEDEFC55CAB1FAF8" box="[377,433,994,1019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
µm) virtually identical to that of the orange-beige individuals, although predominating sizes are usually over 800 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFE71FBB1C923FD1C" box="[470,547,1030,1055]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Oxeas, some more abundant than the styles, are also relatively variable in size and shape, but variability ranges are similar among specimens. They can be slightly or markedly curved, once or twice, and symmetrically or asymmetrically (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFD38FBF9C820FD64" box="[671,800,1102,1127]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8A, D</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Tips are usually acerate or blunt, although mucronate ends also occur (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFEF4FBC5CAACFD88" box="[339,428,1138,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). They measure 180–750 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFD45FBC5C85CFD88" box="[738,860,1138,1163]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="11.25" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–20 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in the orange-beige specimens and 120–500 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFACCFBC5CBE2FDAC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="11.25" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5– 20 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in blackish individuals. Microscleres in both orange-beige and blackish individuals are raphides in highly packed trichodragmata (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFE01FB0DC91AFDD0" box="[422,538,1210,1235]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8E–F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), measuring 22.5–35 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFC87FB0DC89DFDD0" box="[800,925,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="13.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="9.35" valueMax="13.7" valueMin="5.0">5–13.7 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Although no evident size difference exists in trichodragmata between orange-beige and blackish individuals, their shape can be flattened or cylindrical in the orange-beige ones (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFED2FAB5CACCFC18" box="[373,460,1282,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but only cylindrical trichodragmata (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFC25FAB5C8D8FC18" box="[898,984,1282,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and in higher abundance, are found in the blackish ones.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCFFF60FAFDCF84FFC8" blockId="20.[151,1437,706,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
The skeletal structure is plumoreticulate. There is an evident axial skeleton in the stalk-like region, built by multispiculate tracts of oxeas. In the thin lamina there is no clear distinction between axial and extra-axial skeleton. Rather, there are pauci—and multispicular, ascending and ramifying tracts, compressed in the sense of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232971FFCFFA82FA25CE9CFCA8" box="[1317,1436,1426,1451]" genus="The" pageId="20" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and consisting of mainly oxeas, with sparse styles (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFD76FA01C82BFCCC" box="[721,811,1462,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). These tracts are looser than in the axial skeleton of the stalk, and are connected each other by an irregular reticule that becomes more apparent in the thinnest parts of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232971FFCFFADDFA6DCBE7FF14" genus="The" pageId="20" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. In the three blackish specimens, the styles in the ascending tracts are somewhat more abundant and usually slightly longer than those in the orange-beige specimens. There are peripheral styles with their round end embedded in the tracts, piercing perpendicularly surface and making it hispid. The hispidating styles are usually long and occur isolated or in plumose tufts of up to 7 styles. Trichodragmata are predominantly located near the surface, especially in the blackish specimens. Spongin is abundant in the axial skeleton although it does not entirely embed all the spicules. It occurs moderately in the plumose tracts of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232971FFCFFC3FF905CF0DFFC8" box="[920,1037,1714,1739]" genus="The" pageId="20" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252971FFCFFBBAF905CF77FFC8" box="[1053,1143,1714,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,249,1164,1186]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-432@19.[151,1436,175,1143]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Axinella spatula nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens. It consists of styles (a) in a wide range of sizes, with a round end that occasionally shows one or more swellings (b) and a distal end that can be acerate, stepped or blunt (c). Oxeas of varying shape (d), with acerate to mucronate ends (e). Raphides (f) are in trichodragmata. (B–C) Light microscope views of styles and trichodragmata (tr). (D) Light microscope view of oxeas. (E) SEM micrograph of the flattened trichodragmata typically found in the beige specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp65-BV21A). (F) SEM micrograph of a more cylindrical trichodragmata typically found in blackish specimens (e.g., in MNCN-Sp57-BV21A). (G) Detail of the plumoreticulate and somewhat irregular skeletal arrangement at the lamina region of the sponge. Note the spongin (s) is embedding the paucispicular tracts (pc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36C652B2971FFCEFF60F961C968FA5E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCFFF60F961C849FE11" blockId="20.[151,1437,706,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFF60F961C947FFEC" bold="true" box="[199,583,1750,1775]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="1">Distribution and ecology notes.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
All the collected specimens came from gravel bottoms, sometimes with organogenic components, at depths ranging from
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452971FFCFFD65F94DC845FE11" box="[706,837,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="133.0" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="93.0">
|
|||
|
|
93 to
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D70FD292971FFCFFD5BF94DC845FE11" box="[764,837,1786,1811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" type="generic">173 m</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02971FFCEFF60F8A9CFD4F9FB" blockId="20.[151,1437,706,2027]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="20" pageNumber="161">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22971FFCFFF60F8A9CABEFE34" bold="true" box="[199,446,1822,1847]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" reason="1">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Except for color, the morphological and skeletal differences between the orange-beige individuals and the blackish ones are minor (
|
|||
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2971FFCFFD34F8F5C9E9FE58" box="[659,745,1858,1883]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[151,241,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative data of Axinella spatula nov. sp. specimens, including branching level, color after preservation," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC" pageId="20" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="DF0966282971FFCFFF30FF2FC907F9CC">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and we judged them not enough to support a differentiation into two separated species. Both color varieties share relevant features, such as similar body morphology and plumoreticulate skeleton with the same spicule categories and similar size ranges. In addition to the obvious color differences, it can be noticed: 1) a higher abundance of cylindrical trichodragmata in the blackish individuals; 2) a slightly more organized reticule-like arrangement linking the plumose tracts in the orange-beige individuals; and 3) higher frequencies of short styles in the orange-beige specimens. Even though we are herein assuming that these differences correspond to ill-known aspects of intraspecific variation, we cannot discard that future studies based on molecular features of new collections and/or "in vivo" observations may led to a species split.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BC936A02970FFCEFF60FEB3CF87FB63" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
|||
|
|
Trichodragmata similar to those in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFDFCFEB3C9CFF81E" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[603,719,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFDFCFEB3C9CFF81E" box="[603,719,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. spatula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFD7FFEB3C834F81E" bold="true" box="[728,820,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92970FFCEFD7FFEB3C834F81E" box="[728,820,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
are also found in some other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFB28FEB3CE24F818" box="[1167,1316,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFB28FEB3CFECF81E" box="[1167,1260,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Axinella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
spp.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Table 3), such as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFF53FE90C9ECF843" authority="(Linnaeus, 1759)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[244,748,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFF53FE90C91EF843" box="[244,542,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Axinella infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1759)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Nevertheless, this latter species has a caliculate or fan-like body shape, a plumoreticulate skeleton of oxeas and styles clearly smaller (300–600 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452970FFCEFB32FEFBCE0FF866" box="[1173,1295,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
), as well as smaller (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452970FFCEFF5BFED8CA73F88B" box="[252,371,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 µm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long) trichodragmata (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFDD9FED8C845F88B" author="Lendenfeld, R. V." box="[638,837,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="82 - 88" refId="ref24859" refString="Lendenfeld, R. V. (1897) On the Spongida. Notes on Rockall Island and Banks. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 31, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFCF3FED8CF21F88B" author="Arndt" box="[852,1057,367,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" refId="ref23428" refString="Arndt, W., Grimpie & Wagler. (1935) Porifera. Die Tierwelt der Nord-und Ostsee. Berlin, 140 pp." type="book" year="1935">
|
|||
|
|
Arndt
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFC07FEC6C8DBF88B" box="[928,987,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1935
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). It is also worth noting that the earliest descriptions of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFE63FE23C9B4F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[452,692,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="infundibuliformis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFE63FE23C9B4F8AE" box="[452,692,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. infundibuliformis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were little accurate and apparently overlooked the small trichodragmata (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFEF6FE00CAFAF8D3" author="Johnston, G." box="[337,506,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref24803" refString="Johnston, G. (1842) A history of British sponges and lithophytes. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh, 1 - 264 pp." type="book chapter" year="1842">Johnston 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFDAFFE00C9CDF8D3" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[520,717,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" refId="ref23705" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A monograph of the British Spongiadae. II. Synopsis of Genera. Ray Society of London, London, 388 pp." type="book" year="1866">Bowerbank 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFD7CFE0FC8B5F8D3" author="Hansen, G. A. & Grondal & Sons, B." box="[731,949,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" refId="ref24511" refString="Hansen, G. A., Grondal & Sons, B. (1885) Spongiadae. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876 - 1878. Grondal & Sons Bogtrykkeri, Christiania, 25 pp." type="book" year="1885">
|
|||
|
|
Hansen
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFC90FE0EC872F8D3" box="[823,882,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1885
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFC64FE00CF5EF8D3" author="Fristedt, K." box="[963,1118,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="401 - 471" refId="ref24403" refString="Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap. Iakttagelser (Nordenskiold), 4, 401 - 471." type="journal article" year="1887">Fristedt 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFBD4FE00CBD8F8F6" authority="(Descatoire, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Descatoire" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFBD4FE00CE0BF8D3" box="[1139,1291,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Axinella alba</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFABCFE00CBD0F8F6" author="Descatoire, A." pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="231 - 246" refId="ref24307" refString="Descatoire, A. (1966) Sur quelques Demosponges de l'Archipel de Glenan. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 7, 231 - 246." type="journal article" year="1966">Descatoire, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
also shows trichodragmata, but it is an encrusting species and has oxeas (700–
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFC810602970FFCEFBEFFE6BCFE1F8F6" box="[1096,1249,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" value="1000-10-15" valueMax="1000-10-18" valueMin="1000-10-15">
|
|||
|
|
1000 x
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C8E9B452970FFCEFB3CFE6BCFE1F8F6" box="[1179,1249,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
</date>
|
|||
|
|
µm) longer than those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFF5EFDB7CA6CFB1B" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[249,364,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFF5EFDB7CA6CFB1B" box="[249,364,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. spatula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFED3FE48CACFFB1B" bold="true" box="[372,463,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92970FFCEFED3FE48CACFFB1B" box="[372,463,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Trichodramata and styles also occur in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFC32FE48CE18FB1B" authority="(Descatoire 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Descatoire" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[917,1304,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFC32FE48CF44FB1B" box="[917,1092,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Axinella flustra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFBF4FE48CE11FB1B" author="Descatoire, A." box="[1107,1297,511,536]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="231 - 246" refId="ref24307" refString="Descatoire, A. (1966) Sur quelques Demosponges de l'Archipel de Glenan. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 7, 231 - 246." type="journal article" year="1966">Descatoire 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but, again, although these styles and trichodragmata are in a size range similar to those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFBBBFD93CF8FFB3E" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1052,1167,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFBBBFD93CF8FFB3E" box="[1052,1167,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. spatula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFB30FD93CFF2FB3E" bold="true" box="[1175,1266,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92970FFCEFB30FD93CFF2FB3E" box="[1175,1266,548,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, the branching body shape (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="134D2A252970FFCEFE82FDF0CA96FB63" box="[293,406,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Fig. 6H–J</figureCitation>
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) and shorter oxeas make
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFD14FDFFC81BFB63" baseAuthorityName="Descatoire" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[691,795,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFD14FDFFC81BFB63" box="[691,795,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. flustra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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easily distinguishable (Table 3).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936A02970FFCEFF60FDDBC968FA5E" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
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Some members of the axinellid genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFDD3FDDBC8BDFB86" authority="Hallman, 1917" authorityName="Hallman" authorityYear="1917" box="[628,957,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFDD3FDDBC810FB86" box="[628,784,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Dragmacidon</emphasis>
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Hallman, 1917
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</taxonomicName>
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(Table 3) bear some vague resemblance to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFF30FD27CA0EFBAB" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,270,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFF30FD27CA0EFBAB" box="[151,270,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">A. spatula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFEBEFD38CA77FBAB" bold="true" box="[281,375,655,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92970FFCEFEBEFD38CA77FBAB" box="[281,375,655,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
|
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, namely occurrence of raphides and the absence of a clear axial and extra-axial skeleton differentiation. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses based on 18SrRNA, 28S rRNA and CO1 have brought
|
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<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFF30FD60CA41FBF3" box="[151,321,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Dragamacidon</emphasis>
|
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species and raphide-bearing
|
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFD2DFD60C840FBF3" box="[650,832,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFD2DFD60C9E7FBF3" box="[650,743,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Axinella</emphasis>
|
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|
|
species
|
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
into a same clade (
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFBBCFD60CFF3FBF3" author="Gazave, E. & Carteron, S. & Chenuil, A. & Richelle-Maurer, E. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Borchiellini, C." box="[1051,1267,727,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref24436" refString="Gazave, E., Carteron, S., Chenuil, A., Richelle-Maurer, E., Boury-Esnault, N. & Borchiellini, C. (2010) Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiaep). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 35 - 47. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.05.028" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
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|
|
Gazave
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFBDFFD6ECFB1FBF3" box="[1144,1201,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
2010
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFB58FD6FCBD4FA16" author="Morrow, C. C. & Picton, B. E. & Erpenbeck, D. & Boury-Esnault, N. & Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L." pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="174 - 190" refId="ref25284" refString="Morrow, C. C., Picton, B. E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C. A. & Allcock, A. L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: A new hypothesis for relationships within the G 4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.09.016" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
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|
|
Morrow
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFAC4FD6ECE9CFBF3" box="[1379,1436,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2012
|
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|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232970FFCEFF4CFD4BC9C9FA16" authority="(Topsent, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[235,713,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Dragmacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B902EAB22970FFCEFF4CFD4BC907FA16" box="[235,519,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="162">Dragmacidon tuberosum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
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|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFDBCFD4BC9C1FA16" author="Topsent, E." box="[539,705,764,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref26071" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee, provenant des croissieres du Prince Albert I de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the only geographically close species in the genus having trichodragmata, but those are distinctive, having the raphides projecting from each side of the packets; besides, this species has shorter styles (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512970FFCEFE19FCF3C95BFA5E" author="Topsent, E." box="[446,603,836,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref26071" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee, provenant des croissieres du Prince Albert I de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|