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<document id="E529A33D7F048278CAF25C0E154C186D" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458879514" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Biju, S. D. &amp; Bossuyt, Franky" docDate="2009" docId="03F5945FFFB11E5DFF09F932FC87C5DB" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philautus chalazodes" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="402" masterDocId="FFCCEC27FFAB1E41FFE9FFFDFF8CC65A" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="400" updateTime="1699278541911" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DEC86CB2BC4791F061030D3662093B7E">Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06F60836CF76C0B436C1A520D4CFC099">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D85EB052959C8BEEE11F72A87AC6AA12">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F5945FFFB11E5DFF09F932FC87C5DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5492411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5492411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFFB11E5DFF09F932FC87C5DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5945FFFB11E5DFF09F932FC87C5DB" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="402" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFB11E5BFF09F932FD43C0BE" box="[224,719,1742,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB11E5BFF09F932FD43C0BE" blockId="26.[224,719,1742,1764]" box="[224,719,1742,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="D0AB9225FFB11E5BFF09F932FD43C0BE" box="[224,719,1742,1764]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB11E5BFF09F932FD43C0BE" ID-CoL="4G5F7" authority="(GUNTHER, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[224,719,1742,1764]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalazodes">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB11E5BFF09F932FE70C0B8" box="[224,508,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">PHILAUTUS CHALAZODES</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FFB11E5BFDE4F932FD4BC0BE" author="Gunther A" box="[525,711,1742,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" pagination="567 - 577" refId="ref43526" refString="Gunther A. 1876. Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum. Proceedings of Zoological Society 1875: 567 - 577." type="journal article" year="1876">GÜNTHER, 1876</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FFB11E5DFEECF908FC87C5DB" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="402" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB11E5BFEECF908FD26C151" blockId="26.[261,682,1781,1803]" box="[261,682,1781,1803]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
(
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB11E5BFEE4F908FEF6C150" box="[269,378,1781,1802]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[186,1421,196,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[184,1424,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution map. A, Philautus bobingeri; B, Philautus bombayensis; C, map showing Travancore (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus chalazodes was collected; D, Philautus charius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445386/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">FIGS 14C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB11E5BFE60F908FE56C150" box="[393,474,1781,1802]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">17A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB11E5BFE01F908FD8AC150" box="[488,518,1781,1802]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[826,905,1363,1382]" captionTargetBox="[830,1439,954,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-519@26.[830,1439,954,1333]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35) from ‘Travancore’." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445392/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB11E5BFDFFF908FDB8C150" box="[534,564,1781,1802]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[144,223,906,925]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" captionTargetId="figure-381@27.[144,1424,197,876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Schematic comparison of green-coloured Philautus from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are: Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov., Philautus beddomii, Philautus bobingeri, Philautus chalazodes, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov., Philautus glandulosus, and Philautus jayarami sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">19</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FFB11E5BFDAAF908FD2DC151" box="[579,673,1781,1803]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB11E5BFF4DF8E1FD1FC135" blockId="26.[164,779,1819,1903]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB11E5BFF4DF8E1FED8C16B" box="[164,340,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFB11E5BFE83F8E1FD1FC135" collectionCode="BMNH, SVL" country="India" location="Travancore'" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB11E5BFE83F8E1FE5FC168" box="[362,467,1820,1842]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFB11E5BFE02F8E1FD2CC16B" box="[491,672,1819,1841]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.6.35 (ex
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB11E5BFF4DF8C6FF7AC10A" box="[164,246,1851,1872]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">BMNH</collectionCode>
1874.4.29.267), an adult female,
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB11E5BFD30F8C7FC87C115" box="[729,779,1850,1871]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB11E5BFF4DF8A4FE85C134" box="[164,265,1881,1902]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
, from ‘
<location id="8E837392FFB11E5BFEB3F8A4FE6FC134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFFB11E5DFF09F932FC87C5DB:8E837392FFB11E5BFEB3F8A4FE6FC134" box="[346,483,1881,1902]" country="India" name="Travancore'" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" stateProvince="Kerala">Travancore’</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFFB11E5BFE18F8A4FDCDC135" box="[497,577,1881,1903]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B65D9FFB11E5BFDA6F8A4FD03C135" box="[591,655,1881,1903]" name="India" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB11E5BFCD3FA3DFB27C38F" blockId="26.[826,1195,1472,1493]" box="[826,1195,1472,1493]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB11E5BFCD3FA3DFBEFC38F" box="[826,1123,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">Other material examined:</emphasis>
none.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB11E5AFCD3F9F5FF48C2BA" blockId="26.[826,1441,1544,1903]" lastBlockId="27.[144,759,1103,1248]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="401" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB11E5BFCD3F9F5FB23C047" box="[826,1199,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="400">
Identity:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB11E5BFC46F9F5FB23C047" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[943,1199,1544,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalazodes">Philautus chalazodes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was described by Günther in 1876 based on a single female specimen from ‘Travancore’, collected by Colonel Richard Henry Beddome. The ‘lead diagnostic’ characters that were used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FFB11E5BFC74F97EFB0BC0C2" author="Gunther A" box="[925,1159,1666,1689]" pageId="26" pageNumber="400" pagination="567 - 577" refId="ref43526" refString="Gunther A. 1876. Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum. Proceedings of Zoological Society 1875: 567 - 577." type="journal article" year="1876">Günther (1876: 574)</bibRefCitation>
are ‘tongue with a free, pointed papilla in the anterior part of the median line’ and ‘inguinal region there are several series of white, smooth tubercles; several smaller similar tubercles in the anal region and along the tarsus...’ We presume that Günther considered the ‘smooth tubercles’ as the lead diagnostic character, because he named the species ‘chalazodes’, derived from the Greek word
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFF79FBB2FF64C23E" box="[144,232,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">chalaza</emphasis>
meaning grain and
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFE27FBB2FE73C23E" box="[462,511,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">odes</emphasis>
for the derived adjective, and because of the white granulation (tubercle) of the body.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FFB01E5AFEF7FB70FD88C2F9" author="Das I &amp; Dutta SK" box="[286,516,1165,1187]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" pagination="63 - 68" refId="ref43266" refString="Das I, Dutta SK. 1998. Checklist of amphibians of India, with English common names. Hamadryad 23: 63 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Das &amp; Dutta (1998)</bibRefCitation>
provided an English common name for this species: white-spotted bush frog.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2375C1FFB01E5AFF79FC77FA01C248" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" startId="27.[144,223,906,925]" targetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5AFF79FC77FA01C248" blockId="27.[144,1422,906,1043]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFF79FC77FE89C5C7" bold="true" box="[144,261,906,925]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Figure 19.</emphasis>
Schematic comparison of green-coloured
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFD37FC77FCC9C5C7" box="[734,837,906,925]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFD37FC77FCC9C5C7" box="[734,837,906,925]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are:
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFDCCFC1FFC3BC5AF" bold="true" box="[549,951,994,1013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFDCCFC1FFCC0C5AF" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[549,844,994,1013]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akroparallagi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFDCCFC1FFCC0C5AF" bold="true" box="[549,844,994,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus akroparallagi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FFB01E5AFCB3FC1FFC3BC5AF" box="[858,951,994,1013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFC23FC1FFB12C5AF" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1876" box="[970,1182,994,1013]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFC23FC1FFB12C5AF" box="[970,1182,994,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus beddomii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFB5BFC1FFA0BC5AF" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2005" box="[1202,1415,994,1013]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobingeri">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFB5BFC1FFA0BC5AF" box="[1202,1415,994,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus bobingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFF79FC02FEE3C248" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[144,367,1023,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalazodes">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFF79FC02FEE3C248" box="[144,367,1023,1042]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus chalazodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFE94FC02FC9DC248" bold="true" box="[381,785,1023,1042]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFE94FC02FD3EC248" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[381,690,1023,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chromasynchysi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFE94FC02FD3EC248" bold="true" box="[381,690,1023,1042]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus chromasynchysi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FFB01E5AFD50FC02FC9DC248" box="[697,785,1023,1042]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFCF7FC02FB87C248" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[798,1035,1023,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFCF7FC02FB87C248" box="[798,1035,1023,1042]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus glandulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFBA1FC02FAA2C248" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[1096,1326,1023,1042]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jayarami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFBA1FC02FAA2C248" bold="true" box="[1096,1326,1023,1042]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Philautus jayarami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FFB01E5AFADFFC02FA01C248" box="[1334,1421,1023,1042]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5AFF79FAE9FE5EC05A" blockId="27.[144,759,1299,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFF79FAE9FD8EC372" box="[144,514,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFEE6FAEEFD8EC372" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[271,514,1299,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalazodes">Philautus chalazodes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium adult female size (SVL
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFF79FA92FF79C3DF" box="[144,245,1391,1413]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
); (2) snout rounded; (3) prominent supernumerary tubercles on both limbs; (4) ventral side of lower arm and tarsus prominently granular (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFF71FA36FF76C3BB" box="[152,250,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
); (5) dorsal coloration completely extended to forelimbs and hindlimbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5AFF41F9F5FCFEC2BA" blockId="27.[144,759,1299,1903]" lastBlockId="27.[806,1421,1103,1248]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FFB01E5AFF41F9F5FCE2C2BA" collectionCode="IV, FOL" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" specimenCode="FOL 9.5" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
The female
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB01E5AFED9F9F5FE1DC044" box="[304,401,1544,1566]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFE5FF9F4FDC1C047" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[438,589,1544,1566]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalazodes">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFE5FF9F4FDC1C047" box="[438,589,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">P. chalazodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFFB01E5AFD0BF9F4FF75C066" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1876" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomii">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFD0BF9F4FF75C066" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">P. beddomii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFB01E5AFEF9F9DAFE38C067" box="[272,436,1575,1597]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
from Athirimala and
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FFB01E5AFD24F9DAFF64C001" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
from Munnar) by its rounded snout (vs. pointed to nearly oval), presence of a lingual papilla on the tongue (vs. absent), well-developed supernumerary tubercles on hands and toes (vs. absent or weakly developed), toe webbing moderate (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFD63F93DFD7EC08F" box="[650,754,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Figs 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFF79F922FF21C0AF" box="[144,173,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[144,223,906,925]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" captionTargetId="figure-381@27.[144,1424,197,876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Schematic comparison of green-coloured Philautus from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are: Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov., Philautus beddomii, Philautus bobingeri, Philautus chalazodes, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov., Philautus glandulosus, and Philautus jayarami sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">19</figureCitation>
), reaching just below the third subarticular tubercle of toe
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB01E5AFEADF900FEECC148" box="[324,352,1789,1810]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">IV</collectionCode>
on the inside, and just above the third subarticular tubercle of toe
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB01E5AFDCDF8E1FDCCC16B" box="[548,576,1820,1841]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">IV</collectionCode>
on the outside (vs. reduced, reaching up to second subarticular tubercle on either side of toe
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB01E5AFE14F8A4FD95C134" box="[509,537,1881,1902]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">IV</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFDC3F8A4FDF6C135" box="[554,634,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[144,223,906,925]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" captionTargetId="figure-381@27.[144,1424,197,876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Schematic comparison of green-coloured Philautus from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are: Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov., Philautus beddomii, Philautus bobingeri, Philautus chalazodes, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov., Philautus glandulosus, and Philautus jayarami sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
), and foot length subequal to shank and thigh length,
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFFB01E5AFAB0FBADFA01C23F" box="[1369,1421,1104,1125]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">FOL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFCCFFB93FC07C2DE" box="[806,907,1134,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
, ShL
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFC0FFB93FBC7C2DE" box="[998,1099,1134,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
, TL
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFB7EFB93FB70C2DE" box="[1175,1276,1134,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFAFCFB92FAA5C2DE" box="[1301,1321,1135,1156]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">N</emphasis>
= 1 (vs. shorter than shank and thigh length,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FFB01E5AFAB0FB70FCC4C29B" collectionCode="FOL" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">FOL 9.5</specimenCode>
±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFC8CFB56FC30C29B" box="[869,956,1195,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
, ShL 11.8 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFBBBFB56FB25C29B" box="[1106,1193,1195,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
, TL 11.6 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFFB01E5AFAD8FB56FA04C29B" box="[1329,1416,1195,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFCCFFB36FCB6C2BA" box="[806,826,1227,1248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">N</emphasis>
= 5)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5AFCCFFAE9FBE7C020" blockId="27.[806,1421,1299,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB01E5AFCCFFAE9FA01C373" box="[806,1421,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB01E5AFC1FFAEEFBD8C372" box="[1014,1108,1299,1320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(all measurements in mm):
</emphasis>
Medium-sized frog (SVL 27.9) with a slender body; head length (HL 10.2) shorter than wide (HW 10.8; MN 9.3; MFE 7.1; MBE 3.4); outline of snout in dorsal and ventral views round, snout length (SL 4.1) equal to horizontal diameter of eye (EL 4.2) (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFAF7FA51FA0DC399" box="[1310,1409,1452,1475]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
); canthus rostralis indistinct, loreal region acutely concave; distance between posterior margins of eyes (IBE 9.5) 1.7 times the distance between anterior margins of eyes (IFE 5.5); tympanum rather indistinct, supratympanic fold rather indistinct (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFAF7F9B8FA0DC006" box="[1310,1409,1605,1628]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
); tongue with lingual papilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5AFCD6F97EFBE3C168" blockId="27.[806,1421,1299,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
Forelimb (FLL 6.6) shorter than hand (HAL 7.7; TFL 3.7); fingers with lateral dermal fringe, webbing absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single, III2 and IV2 weakly developed; prepollex distinct; single palmar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles present (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB01E5AFBE9F8E1FBEEC168" box="[1024,1122,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB01E5DFCD6F8C7FE52C70C" blockId="27.[806,1421,1299,1903]" lastBlockId="28.[164,779,198,526]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="402" pageId="27" pageNumber="401">
Hindlimbs moderately long, shank (ShL 13.3) almost equal to thigh (TL 13.2), longer than distance from base of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe IV (FOL 13.1); webbing moderate (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB71E5DFDF0FF19FD0CC6A0" box="[537,640,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[826,905,829,848]" captionTargetBox="[832,1436,199,797]" captionTargetId="figure-491@26.[830,1438,197,799]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35). A, lateral view of head; B, ventral view of hand; C, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445390/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Figs 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB71E5DFD66FF18FD20C6A1" box="[655,684,229,251]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[144,223,906,925]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" captionTargetId="figure-381@27.[144,1424,197,876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Schematic comparison of green-coloured Philautus from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are: Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov., Philautus beddomii, Philautus bobingeri, Philautus chalazodes, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov., Philautus glandulosus, and Philautus jayarami sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">19</figureCitation>
), reaching up to third subarticular tubercle just below on the inside and just above on the outside of toe IV; dermal fringe along toe V present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB71E5DFF55FEA2FC8CC454" blockId="28.[164,779,198,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Skin of snout, between eyes, upper eyelids, side of head, and anterior part of back shagreened, posterior part of back, dorsal part of forelimb, thigh, shank, and tarsus shagreened; throat shagreened, chest, belly, and posterior surface of thighs granular, ventral side of lower arm and tarsus prominently granular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB71E5DFF4DFDBBFDF8C48D" blockId="28.[164,779,582,727]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB71E5DFF4DFDBBFDB1C406" box="[164,573,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
Colour of
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFFB71E5DFEF4FDBBFEF7C401" box="[285,379,582,603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservation:
</emphasis>
Dorsum uniform bluish grey, scattered white tubercles on posterior half of dorsum, loreal and tympanic regions bluish grey, forelimbs and hindlimbs bluish grey with white tubercles (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB71E5DFEF7FD3CFEE2C48D" box="[286,366,705,727]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[826,905,1363,1382]" captionTargetBox="[830,1439,954,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-519@26.[830,1439,954,1333]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Holotype of Philautus chalazodes (BMNH 1947.2.6.35) from ‘Travancore’." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445392/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
); ventral side greyish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FFB71E5DFF4DFCF2FC87C5DB" blockId="28.[164,779,783,897]" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFFB71E5DFF4DFCF2FEB9C57E" box="[164,309,783,804]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Distribution:</emphasis>
The original description of this species mentioned ‘Travancore’ without a precise locality (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFFB71E5DFF45FCB0FE83C539" box="[172,271,845,867]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="24.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[186,1421,196,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-0@24.[184,1424,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution map. A, Philautus bobingeri; B, Philautus bombayensis; C, map showing Travancore (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus chalazodes was collected; D, Philautus charius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445386/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="402">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
). No reliable observations have been made available for this species since its original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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