257 lines
30 KiB
XML
257 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<document id="E0395F099312AEBCF47587BCA6625B0F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172105" ID-GBIF-Dataset="156ff549-d98f-4e09-9046-0ea6feabf742" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172105" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459764534687" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fenwick, Graham D." docDate="2006" docId="03DDFE58780B12060C6A776DFC1EFACD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01148p025.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1148" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ringanui Fenwick, 2006, n. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFE48620780912020D62736BFFB1FFD3" masterDocTitle="Ringanui, a new genus of stygobitic amphipod from New Zealand (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Paraleptamphopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698216299174" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4BC8C8B4B191F771EB20DFD5D54DEDE">
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<mods:title id="DCB18AABB94BFC2761DBEAF552B3D708">Ringanui, a new genus of stygobitic amphipod from New Zealand (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Paraleptamphopidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5C70DE3F52769CC8D191E09D24BE5BEF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B605810044816110143BE22B803B44BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A4063082B431201F34F7E6458D9E1724">Fenwick, Graham D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="258260E657939545D0B97FEDC77AE4F1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CDD250803B31C66B90058660FBAD1D5B">
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<mods:title id="23B128C43360130E8328AF8F43C71151">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B92EB85C132AE6EF9E373E2A152805CF">
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<mods:date id="A2F9C0B515A57BC6B5A96E2CBBEE545A">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FD6067C4B4A79CE1C3B4FA983E3C4653" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F7B112CC3F6EA33E1D32FB2D5A4EB2D6">1148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="F5E21E701BFCD2213B0DD9812991BC64">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5558B199C3A31B54F6B9FD7A27C82152">25</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="A14A92C8277728D47EF0222A2288F1F2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7E28C8F9B72B7AE9F0CE4B7A252616E5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="135F04D5622A86B35859BEEB0A9389B9" type="GBIF-Dataset">156ff549-d98f-4e09-9046-0ea6feabf742</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F523BC309814E4D3B14CF4CF6E035EF2" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27A30F436448FAB29F88E6F705C96EE1" type="Zenodo-Dep">172105</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DDFE58780B12060C6A776DFC1EFACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6264183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6264183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DDFE58780B12060C6A776DFC1EFACD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DDFE58780B12060C6A776DFC1EFACD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780B12000C6A776DFE62FBF3" box="[264,467,1030,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A776DFE62FBF3" blockId="2.[264,467,1030,1056]" box="[264,467,1030,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D083F822780B12000C6A776DFE62FBF3" bold="true" box="[264,467,1030,1056]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A776DFE62FBF3" bold="true" box="[264,467,1030,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000C6A776DFECBFBF3" ID-CoL="7PXTJ" box="[264,378,1030,1056]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A776DFECBFBF3" bold="true" box="[264,378,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ringanui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2332E27780B12000CE0776DFE62FBF3" box="[386,467,1030,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780B12000C6A7724FD59FB36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A7724FE03FB76" blockId="2.[264,1322,1102,1253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB646860780B12000C6A7724FE03FB76" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000C6A7724FED5FBB5" ID-CoL="fe0f6b94-1066-4bbe-a17e-112f02ad6afc" box="[264,356,1103,1126]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Calliope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A7724FED5FBB5" box="[264,356,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Calliope</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD5695F780B12000CE97725FDD3FBB6" author="Chilton" box="[395,610,1102,1125]" page="177" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1882">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780B12000CE97725FD81FBB6" author="Chilton" box="[395,560,1102,1125]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" refString="Chilton, C. (1882 b) On some subterranean Crustacea. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 174 - 180, pls. ix, x." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Chilton, 1882b</bibRefCitation>
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: 177
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</treatmentCitation>
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–179, pl. 9, figs 1–10 (part, male only).
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000C6A7704FEC6FB55" ID-CoL="7NRL3" box="[264,375,1135,1158]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Calliopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A7704FEC6FB55" box="[264,375,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Calliopius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD5695F780B12000CF57705FDEDFB56" author="Chilton" box="[407,604,1134,1157]" page="89" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1884">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780B12000CF57705FD83FB56" author="Chilton" box="[407,562,1134,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" refString="Chilton, C. (1884) Subterranean Crustacea. New Zealand Journal of Science, 2 (2), 89." type="journal article" year="1884">Chilton, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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: 89
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD5695F780B12000F087705FC8BFB56" author="Chilton" box="[618,826,1134,1157]" page="234" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780B12000F087705FCB5FB56" author="Chilton" box="[618,772,1134,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" refString="Chilton, C. (1894) The subterranean Crustacean of New Zealand: with some general remarks on the fauna of caves and wells. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series Zoology, 6 (2), 163 - 284, pls. 16 - 23." type="journal article" year="1894">Chilton, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 234
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</treatmentCitation>
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–244, pl. 22 figs 1–16, pl. 23, figs 1–9 (part, male only).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A77C4FD59FB36" blockId="2.[264,1322,1102,1253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB646860780B12000C6A77C4FD59FB36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000C6A77C4FE62FB15" box="[264,467,1199,1222]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A77C4FE62FB15" box="[264,467,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraleptamphopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD5695F780B12000C9177C5FD0EFB16" author="Chilton" box="[499,703,1198,1221]" page="273" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780B12000C9177C5FD3BFB16" author="Chilton" box="[499,650,1198,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" refString="Chilton, C. (1924) Some New Zealand Amphipoda: No. 4. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 55, 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1924">Chilton, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 273
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Bousfield, 1982: 272–273;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD5695F780B12000E8E77C5FA97FB16" author="Barnard" box="[1004,1318,1198,1221]" page="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780B12000E8E77C5FB4FFB16" author="Barnard" box="[1004,1278,1198,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" refString="Barnard, J. L. & Barnard, C. M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World I. Evolutionary Patterns. II. Handbook and Bibliography, Hayfield Associates, Mt Vernon, Virginia, 830 pp, 50 figures, 92 maps." type="book" year="1983">Barnard & Barnard, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 50
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 52, 164–165, 712–713 (part, male only).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780B12000C6A7665FBA4FAB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A7665FCDEFAF6" blockId="2.[264,879,1294,1318]" box="[264,879,1294,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54CFF1EC780B12000C6A7665FE8CFAF6" box="[264,317,1294,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000CFD7664FDC5FAF5" box="[415,628,1295,1318]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koonuiroa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000CFD7664FDC5FAF5" box="[415,628,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ringanui koonuiroa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2332E27780B12000F197665FD04FAF6" box="[635,693,1294,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, here designated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A763FFBA4FAB8" blockId="2.[264,1045,1364,1387]" box="[264,1045,1364,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A763FFE51FAB8" box="[264,480,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Species composition</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000C8D763FFD75FAB8" box="[495,708,1364,1387]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koonuiroa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C8D763FFD75FAB8" box="[495,708,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ringanui koonuiroa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2332E27780B12000FA9763FFCB7FAB8" box="[715,774,1364,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780B12000E70763FFC65FAB8" box="[786,980,1364,1387]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toonuiiti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000E70763FFC65FAB8" box="[786,980,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ringanui toonuiiti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2332E27780B12000EB9763FFBA4FAB8" box="[987,1045,1364,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780B12010C6A76F2FE82FC5D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12000C6A76F2FECEFA61" blockId="2.[264,1325,1433,1897]" box="[264,383,1433,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A76F2FECEFA61" box="[264,383,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780B12010C5A76D4FE82FC5D" blockId="2.[264,1325,1433,1897]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,910]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C5A76D4FE00FA0B" box="[312,433,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Antenna 1</emphasis>
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peduncle article 2 or articles 2–3 and primary flagellum calceolate in both sexes; accessory flagellum 1articulate, less than length of primary flagellum article 1.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000C6A7564FECEF9FB" box="[264,383,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Antenna 2</emphasis>
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flagellum calceolate in both sexes.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000E7D7564FC3EF9FB" box="[799,911,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lower lip</emphasis>
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well developed, inner lobes poorly developed.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000CF3755CFDB0F983" box="[401,513,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mandible</emphasis>
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palp with E2, B3, E3 setae, molar triturative.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B1200094D755CFB12F983" box="[1071,1187,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maxilla 1</emphasis>
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inner plate medial margin with 4–5 plumose SS.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000FB67534FCE2F9AB" box="[724,851,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Maxilliped</emphasis>
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inner plate quadrate mediodistally, not exceeding midpoint of palp article 2.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000FD975ECFD45F973" box="[699,756,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gills</emphasis>
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present on pereonites 2–6 or 7.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B1200090575ECFB52F973" box="[1127,1251,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Oostegites</emphasis>
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large, fleshy, with 3–5 few short SS on distal margin.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000E2275C4FC3AF91B" box="[832,907,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Coxae</emphasis>
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1–4 about as deep as wide, coxa 1 widened distally into rounded anterodistal lobe; coxa 4 postero–proximally excavate; coxa 5 anterior and posterior lobes developed subequally; coxa 6 anterior lobe reduced; coxa 7 anterior lobe absent.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780B12000F33744CFD5AF893" box="[593,747,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gnathopod 1</emphasis>
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very large; articles 3–4 short, subequal in length; article 5 short, <0.3 x length of article 6; article 6 very large, palm angle <45°, palm>0.5 x article length, defined by one or more large RS; dactyl large, curved.
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<emphasis id="B900935C780A120109E87277FA9AFEE6" box="[1162,1323,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gnathopod 2</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
moderately large, subdominant and different structure to gnathopod 1; article 3 c. 0.3 x length of article 2, subequal in length to article 4; article 5 triangular,>0.5 x as long as article 6, posterior margin forming a broadly rounded, setose lobe; article 6 ovate, palm 45°, defined by RS.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010C9672D7FD12FE06" box="[500,675,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pereopods 5–7</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
article 2 expanded posteroproximally, tapered distally, with posterodistal lobes variously developed; dactyls with 3–5 setules along posterior margins.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010C1A7167FE6CFDF6" box="[376,477,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Epimera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1–3 ventral margins naked.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010E5F7167FC1AFDF6" box="[829,939,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pleopods</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1–3 well developed, biramous; peduncles stout, lacking setae other than coupling hooks; rami well developed, 7–15 articulate, strongly setose; outer ramus shorter than or equal to inner.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A120109E87137FB41FDA6" box="[1162,1264,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Uropods</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1–2 peduncles longer than rami, spinose; rami spinose, with apical RS; outer ramus slightly to conspicuously shorter than inner; uropod 2 not extending posteriorly as far as uropods 1 or 3, just exceeding uropod 3 peduncle. Uropod 3 peduncle stout, shorter than or equal to rami in length; rami conical in shape, margins spinose, RS paired or paired with 1 large plumose SS, apices bereft of RS, with 0–2 subterminal setules.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010E8B704FFB83FCEE" box="[1001,1074,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Telson</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
thin, laminar (lateral aspect), subrectangular to tapering, distally slightly to conspicuously emarginate, lacking RS.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780A12010C6A70AAFBADFBFA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780A12010C6A70AAFE34FC09" blockId="3.[264,1322,961,1065]" box="[264,389,961,986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010C6A70AAFE34FC09" box="[264,389,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780A12010C5A708CFBADFBFA" blockId="3.[264,1322,961,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
The name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780A12010CD8708CFD94FBD3" box="[442,549,999,1024]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010CD8708CFD94FBD3" box="[442,549,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ringanui</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is derived from the Maori words
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010EAB708CFBB9FBD3" box="[969,1032,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ringa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(hand) and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A120109C2708CFB74FBD3" box="[1184,1221,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nui</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(big) in reference to the very large gnathopod 1 characteristic of this genus.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780A12010C6A7737FE75FB10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<table id="F974BDEE780AEDFD0C6A7737FA9DFB10" box="[264,1324,1116,1219]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="35444D0C780AEDFD0C6A7737FA9DFBA6" box="[264,1324,1116,1141]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76952470780AEDFD0C6A7737FE67FBA6" box="[264,470,1116,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010C6A7737FE26FBA6" box="[264,407,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="35444D0C780AEDFD0C6A77EAFA9DFB48" box="[264,1324,1153,1179]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76952470780AEDFD0C6A77EAFE67FB48" box="[264,470,1153,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">South Island,</th>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD0C8377EAFDA8FB48" box="[481,537,1153,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD0F4177EAFD3BFB48" box="[547,650,1153,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zealand:</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD0FF777EAFCA8FB48" box="[661,793,1153,1179]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Canterbury</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD0E4677EAFC20FB48" box="[804,913,1153,1179]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(Eyreton,</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD0EFE77EAFBAFFB48" box="[924,1054,1153,1179]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Harewood,</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD094B77EAFB1CFB48" box="[1065,1197,1153,1179]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Templeton,</td>
|
|||
|
|
<td id="76952470780AEDFD09DA77EAFA9DFB48" box="[1208,1324,1153,1179]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Burnham,</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr id="35444D0C780AEDFD0C6A77C2FA9DFB10" box="[264,1324,1193,1219]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
|||
|
|
<th id="76952470780AEDFD0C6A77C2FE67FB10" box="[264,470,1193,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orari, Temuka).</th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36E1CC5780A12060C6A779CFC1EFACD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780A12010C6A779CFEDFFAC3" blockId="3.[264,1323,1271,1894]" box="[264,366,1271,1296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010C6A779CFEDFFAC3" box="[264,366,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780A12060C5A7677FEDBFD9D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1271,1894]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1324,284,1310]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
The genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780A12010CDE7677FD2AFAE6" box="[444,667,1308,1333]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A12010CDE7677FD2AFAE6" box="[444,667,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paraleptamphopus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has caused severe confusion among taxonomists. This confusion arose because
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780A12010F54762FFD44FA8D" author="Chilton" box="[566,757,1348,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refString="Chilton, C. (1882 b) On some subterranean Crustacea. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 174 - 180, pls. ix, x." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Chilton (1882b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
presumed that his female
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780A1201095B762FFB43FA8E" box="[1081,1266,1348,1373]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780A1201095B762FFB43FA8E" box="[1081,1266,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. subterraneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was conspecific with those he regarded as males, because they cooccurred in some wells and differed in few characters: his presumed male was larger, rarer, possessed calceoli (“sensory capsules”) on both antennae, and both gnathopods were larger and different in morphology to those of his presumed female. By the time he wrote his 1894 redescription of the species, Chilton appeared to be having some difficulties with his understanding of the species, noting that the male appeared to differ very markedly from the female. He admitted (1894: 236) that he had “seen only about half a dozen males altogether, while I must have seen hundreds of specimens of the female”. He was puzzled by the absence of any specimens intermediate in form between the female and presumed male, although he described a few characteristics of one. Chilton concluded from this second set of studies that “there is very great dissimilarity between the two sexes, chiefly in the gnathopoda, both of these in the male differing considerably from those in the female”, whereas this was not the norm in other amphipods. He also noted that the observed differences in mouthpart characters between his sexes were as great as those often used to distinguish genera. A more explicit element of doubt was expressed in his thoughts on coxal gills where he noted (1894: 240) “two plates attached to the coxa, both in the second gnathopod and in the first and second peraeopoda, in the male specimen dissected, I have not found them in the female specimens, and am not sure that the second plate is a gillplate”, before stating “It differs in appearance from the true gillplate, and might be considered a broodplate, but it bears no setae on the margin, and I am practically certain that the specimen is a male”.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780D12060C5A7137FDC0FC5D" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comparison of the “males” illustrated in Chilton’s 1882b and 1894 papers show several significant differences in their gnathopods. Gnathopod 1 differs most conspicuously in the size of robust seta defining the palm. The length of the large spine in the 1882 “male” equals the width of article 6, whereas the largest spine in the 1894 “male” was <0.3 x the width of article 6. The shapes of article 6 differ appreciably between specimens. Similar differences are apparent in comparing second gnathopods. Articles 5–6 were stouter in the 1882 “male” compared with the 1894 “male” and these articles also differed considerably in shape.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCB4F4E780D12060C5A70F7FC1EFACD" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|||
|
|
By 1894, available evidence indicated that up to three taxa may be confused with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060C6A70AFFE07FC0E" box="[264,438,964,989]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060C6A70AFFE07FC0E" box="[264,438,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P.subterraneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, although Chilton continued adhering to his single species thesis.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780D120609A170AFFEE7FBD5" author="Stebbing" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1899) Revision of the Amphipoda (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 4, 205 - 211." type="journal article" year="1899">Stebbing (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
was not convinced that the species was monospecific: in erecting the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060C6A777FFE56FBFE" box="[264,487,1044,1069]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060C6A777FFE56FBFE" box="[264,487,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraleptamphopus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, he stated (p. 210): “In this genus I place
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060943777FFED2FB85" authority="Chilton" authorityName="Chilton" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Calliope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterranea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060943777FFA92FBFE" box="[1057,1315,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Calliope subterranea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, Chilton
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060CC37757FC84FB85" authority="G.M. Thomson" authorityName="G.M. Thomson" box="[417,821,1084,1110]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Pherusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caerulea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060CC37757FDC1FB86" box="[417,624,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pherusa caerulea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, G.M. Thomson
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; but the form which Dr. Chilton regards as the adult male of his
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060F60770FFCACFBAE" box="[514,797,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Calliopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060F60770FFCACFBAE" box="[514,797,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Calliopius subterraneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
I leave at present unclassified”. It is notable that
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE532BF780D12060C2077E7FDB4FB75" author="Stebbing" box="[322,517,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1899) Revision of the Amphipoda (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 4, 205 - 211." type="journal article" year="1899">Stebbing (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
was unequivocal in designating
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D12060EC777E7FE0DFB1D" authority="Chilton, 1882" authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopiidae" genus="Paraleptamphopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D12060EC777E7FA9AFB76" box="[933,1323,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paraleptamphopus subterraneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Chilton, 1882)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CFF1EC780D12060F6D77DFFDF3FB1D" box="[527,578,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species, but his preceding comment also makes it clear that the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CFF1EC780D12060C6A77B7FE8BFB25" box="[264,314,1244,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species is Chilton’s (1882b) female, not the male. The genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7434CD780D1206094377B7FB3CFB26" box="[1057,1165,1244,1269]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paraleptamphopidae" genus="Ringanui" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B900935C780D1206094377B7FB3CFB26" box="[1057,1165,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ringanui</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, therefore, is erected to accommodate Chilton’s 1882b and 1894 males.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|