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<document id="C84860E956508B0D2970E3F60F8C8616" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176487" ID-GBIF-Dataset="815f47b1-6767-416f-a0bf-f925b54845fa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176487" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459834238221" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shear, William A." docDate="2007" docId="0393879DFFFF962CFF7C51DBFE30C311" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01463p012.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1463" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Idagona westcotti Buckett and Gardner 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFAAFFE5FFFC9629FFEB514CFFCCC62B" masterDocTitle="Cave millipeds of the United States. V. The genus Idagona Buckett &amp; Gardner (Chordeumatida, Conotylidae, Idagoninae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698223281701" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="67D18C74F13813397E967D63FE0D4D6A">Cave millipeds of the United States. V. The genus Idagona Buckett &amp; Gardner (Chordeumatida, Conotylidae, Idagoninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C17561F962DFA0D4F547C29E6FA4CA7C">Shear, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="841877D0E5BCC1C297121ED37D973CC7">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="0079EB6F0D88189776BD3FA790008B23">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BC392466091C9F2D32E0C95B3BB1B004" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176487</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0393879DFFFF962CFF7C51DBFE30C311" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393879DFFFF962CFF7C51DBFE30C311" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393879DFFFF962CFF7C51DBFE30C311" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C3206500FFFF962AFF7C51DBFE2AC6FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFFF962AFF7C51DBFD0CC69A" blockId="3.[151,704,151,212]" box="[151,704,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0CD81E7FFFF962AFF7C51DBFD0CC69A" bold="true" box="[151,704,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFF7C51DBFD0CC69A" ID-CoL="3PC3R" authority="Buckett and Gardner 1967" authorityName="Buckett and Gardner" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,704,151,177]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFF7C51DBFD0CC69A" bold="true" box="[151,704,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFF7C51DBFEA7C69A" bold="true" box="[151,363,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idagona westcotti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFFF962AFE9851DBFD0CC69A" author="Buckett" box="[371,704,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Buckett, J. S. &amp; Garner, M. R. (1967) A new family of cavernicolous millipedes with description of a new genus and species from Idaho (Diplopoda: Chordeumida: Chordeumidea). The Michigan Entomologist, 1, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1967">Buckett and Gardner 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFFF962AFF7C51F6FE2AC6FF" blockId="3.[151,704,151,212]" box="[151,486,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="13012A0EFFFF962AFF7C51F6FEC1C6FF" box="[151,269,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,729,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,729,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Gonopods of Idagona species. 1, Idagona westcotti, Giant Arch Cave, posteriorventral view. 2. I. westcotti, Ice Capades Cave, posterioventral view. 3. I. jasperi, n. sp. posterioventral view. 4. I. lehmanenesis, n. sp., posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176488/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206500FFFF962AFF7C5046FC7DC4AF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFFF962AFF7C5046FB66C70A" blockId="3.[151,1194,266,289]" box="[151,1194,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFF7C5046FDBDC70A" ID-CoL="3PC3R" authority="Bucket and Gardner 1967" authorityName="Bucket and Gardner" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,625,266,289]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFF7C5046FE99C70A" box="[151,341,266,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idagona westcotti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFFF962AFEB75046FDBDC70A" author="Bucket" box="[348,625,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Buckett, J. S. &amp; Garner, M. R. (1967) A new family of cavernicolous millipedes with description of a new genus and species from Idaho (Diplopoda: Chordeumida: Chordeumidea). The Michigan Entomologist, 1, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1967">Bucket and Gardner 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 120, figs. 1-8.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFFF962AFCD35046FC75C70A" author="Shear" box="[824,953,266,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear, 1972</bibRefCitation>
, p. 270, figs. 479-481.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFFF962AFF7C501EFC7DC4AF" blockId="3.[151,1437,338,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFF7C501EFF12C740" box="[151,222,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFF7C501EFF1BC740" box="[151,215,338,363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFEC1501EFE5CC747" box="[298,400,338,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California. “…one male
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFF7C5036FF30C7BF" box="[151,252,378,404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
sent to H. F. Loomis, Miami, Florida; allotype retained in the authors’ private collection; remainder of
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFF5C50EEFEEBC797" box="[183,295,418,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
divided between University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, and the authors’ private collection (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFFF962AFAB850EEFE3AC7CF" author="Buckett" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Buckett, J. S. &amp; Garner, M. R. (1967) A new family of cavernicolous millipedes with description of a new genus and species from Idaho (Diplopoda: Chordeumida: Chordeumidea). The Michigan Entomologist, 1, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="p">Buckett and Gardner 1967, p. 124</bibRefCitation>
).” The entire
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFD4F5086FD1AC7CF" box="[676,726,458,484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
series consisted of the male
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFBD85086FB51C7CF" box="[1075,1181,458,484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, one female allotype, three male and three female
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFE1850BEFDABC427" box="[499,615,498,524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. The series was collected in Crystal Falls Cave,
<quantity id="4CC29B6EFFFF962AFB2650BEFADBC427" box="[1229,1303,498,524]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mi" value="20.0">20 mi</quantity>
. (32.2 km) northeast of Dubois,
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFE655356FE37C418" box="[398,507,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Clark Co</emphasis>
.,
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFDF95356FD97C41F" bold="true" box="[530,603,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idaho</emphasis>
,
<date id="FF84104BFFFF962AFD815356FCC9C41F" box="[618,773,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1965-07-16">16 July 1965</date>
, by R. L. Westcott. An additional female specimen, not designated as a
<typeStatus id="54818829FFFF962AFEBE530EFE71C477" box="[341,445,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, was collected by Westcott on
<date id="FF84104BFFFF962AFCDA530EFC61C477" box="[817,941,578,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1918-08">18 August</date>
in Boy Scout Cave, Craters of the Moon National Monument,
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFE795326FE35C4A8" box="[402,505,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Butte Co</emphasis>
.,
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFDFB5326FD95C4AF" bold="true" box="[528,601,618,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idaho</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFFF962AFD835326FC68C4AF" author="Buckett" box="[616,932,618,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Buckett, J. S. &amp; Garner, M. R. (1967) A new family of cavernicolous millipedes with description of a new genus and species from Idaho (Diplopoda: Chordeumida: Chordeumidea). The Michigan Entomologist, 1, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1967">Buckett and Gardner 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF456603FFFF962AFF7C56CFFEFAC1CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176488/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[151,1435,729,1899]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFFF962AFF7C56CFFEFAC1CB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1923,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFF7C56CFFE88C1B0" bold="true" box="[151,324,1923,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
Gonopods of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFE1E56C8FD82C1B0" box="[501,590,1924,1947]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFE1E56C8FD82C1B0" box="[501,590,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idagona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 1,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFD3156C8FBAAC1B0" authority="Giant Arch Cave" authorityName="Giant Arch Cave" box="[730,1126,1924,1947]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFD3156C8FC6DC1B0" box="[730,929,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Idagona westcotti,</emphasis>
Giant Arch Cave
</taxonomicName>
, posteriorventral view. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFA6756C8FE05C196" authority="Ice Capades Cave" authorityName="Ice Capades Cave" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFA6756C8FF30C196" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I. westcotti,</emphasis>
Ice Capades Cave
</taxonomicName>
, posterioventral view. 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFD0856EAFC89C196" box="[739,837,1958,1981]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasperi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFD0856EAFC89C196" box="[739,837,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57E2FFFF962AFCBF56EAFC43C196" box="[852,911,1958,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
posterioventral view. 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFFF962AFB4F56EAFA87C196" box="[1188,1355,1958,1981]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehmanenesis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFFF962AFB4F56EAFA87C196" box="[1188,1355,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">I. lehmanenesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57E2FFFF962AFAB156EAFA5BC196" box="[1370,1431,1958,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, posterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3206500FFF8962CFF2D51D4FE30C311" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF8962DFF2D51D4FDD7C7E1" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFF2D51D4FEBCC69A" box="[198,368,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New Records:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFE9551DBFE1CC69A" bold="true" box="[382,464,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Idaho:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFE3551D4FD9CC69A" box="[478,592,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Clark Co</emphasis>
., Blowhole-Sand Lake Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFC2351D4FBA3C699" box="[968,1135,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-14">14 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, males, females; Ice Capades Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFE08518CFDB2C6F1" box="[483,638,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-14">14 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, males, females.
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFBE6518CFB5DC6F2" box="[1037,1169,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Blaine Co.,</emphasis>
Government Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFA94518CFEC1C729" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-16">16 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, males, females.
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFD4B51A4FCF0C72A" box="[672,828,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fremont Co.,</emphasis>
London Tunnel Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFBAA51A4FB10C729" box="[1089,1244,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-15">15 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, juveniles presumably this species.
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFDA0505CFD28C702" box="[587,740,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lincoln Co.:</emphasis>
Giant Arch Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFC39505CFBBAC701" box="[978,1142,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-16">16 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, males, females; Pot O’Gold Cave,
<date id="FF84104BFFF8962DFE0A5074FDB2C779" box="[481,638,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2000-07-16">16 July 2000</date>
, D. A. Hubbard, males, females (Giant Arch Cave and Pot O’Gold Cave may be parts of the same lava tube, or different names for the same cave). These specimens are at present in the author’s personal collection but will be deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, when studies are complete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF8962DFF7C57CEFEF4C0C1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table id="F93AC42BFFF869D6FF7C57CEFA50C0C1" box="[151,1436,1666,1770]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr id="350A34C9FFF869D6FF7C57CEFA50C0B1" box="[151,1436,1666,1690]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FF7C57CEFD51C0B1" box="[151,669,1666,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFF7C57CEFE8FC0B1" bold="true" box="[151,323,1666,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 5–8.</emphasis>
Gonopods of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF8962DFE0F57CEFDF1C0B2" box="[484,573,1666,1689]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFE0F57CEFDF1C0B2" box="[484,573,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Idagona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</th>
<th id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FD4C57CEFC44C0B1" box="[679,904,1666,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
5.
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFD2957CEFC44C0B2" box="[706,904,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF8962DFD2957CEFC48C0B2" box="[706,900,1666,1689]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">Idagona westcotti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FC6457CEFA50C0B1" box="[911,1436,1666,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Giant Arch Cave, anterioventral view 6.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF8962DFAA657CEFF05C0EA" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFAA657CEFF05C0EA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
I.
<tr id="350A34C9FFF869D6FF7C57E4FA50C0E9" box="[151,1436,1704,1730]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FF7C57E4FD51C0E9" box="[151,669,1704,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFA8F57CEFF05C0EA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">westcotti</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFF2357E6FF00C0EA" box="[200,204,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">,</emphasis>
Ice Capades Cave, anterioventral view.
</th>
<td id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FD4C57E4FC44C0E9" box="[679,904,1704,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
7.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF8962DFD2157E4FCFFC0EA" box="[714,819,1704,1729]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jasperi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFD2157E4FCFFC0EA" box="[714,819,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57E2FFF8962DFCA957E4FC4FC0E9" box="[834,899,1704,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</td>
<td id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FC6457E4FA50C0E9" box="[911,1436,1704,1730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
anterioventral view. 8.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF8962DFB4E57E4FA82C0EA" box="[1189,1358,1704,1729]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehmanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFB4E57E4FA82C0EA" box="[1189,1358,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. lehmanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57E2FFF8962DFABE57E4FA5AC0E9" box="[1365,1430,1704,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350A34C9FFF869D6FF7C579CFA50C0C1" box="[151,1436,1744,1770]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76DB5DB5FFF869D6FF7C579CFD51C0C1" box="[151,669,1744,1770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">anterior view.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF8962DFF2D5604FA50C1F1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1864,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF8962DFF2D5604FEDDC14A" box="[198,273,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Notes.</emphasis>
The drawings in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF8962DFE0F5604FCFDC149" author="Shear" box="[484,817,1864,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear (1972, figs. 479–481)</bibRefCitation>
are in general accurate and serve for recognition of the species. Other drawings and a detailed written description are given in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF8962DFBD4563CFA54C1A1" author="Buckett" box="[1087,1432,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" refString="Buckett, J. S. &amp; Garner, M. R. (1967) A new family of cavernicolous millipedes with description of a new genus and species from Idaho (Diplopoda: Chordeumida: Chordeumidea). The Michigan Entomologist, 1, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1967">Buckett and Gardner (1967)</bibRefCitation>
. Scanning electron micrographs are provided here for additional detail; they show that what
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF8962DFAEB56D4FA50C199" author="Shear" box="[1280,1436,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="12" refString="Shear, W. A. (1972) Studies in the milliped order Chordeumida (Diplopoda): a revision of the family Cleidogonidae and a reclassification of the order Chordeumida in the New World. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 144, 151 - 352." type="journal article" year="1972">Shear (1972)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted as fimbriate, or hairy, margins on the anterior gonopods are actually arrays of stout cuticular teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF9962CFF2D51D4FF2FC491" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The species may be general in lava tubes through the extensive Snake River Plain lava beds of southern Idaho (Map 1). Comparing the specimens from the listed localities, I found no differences of note and therefore treat the populations as a single species. Even those from the two most distant clusters of records have gonopods, and third and tenth legpair modifications that are virtually identical (
<figureCitation id="13012A0EFFF9962CFBD5505CFB63C701" box="[1086,1199,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,729,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,729,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Gonopods of Idagona species. 1, Idagona westcotti, Giant Arch Cave, posteriorventral view. 2. I. westcotti, Ice Capades Cave, posterioventral view. 3. I. jasperi, n. sp. posterioventral view. 4. I. lehmanenesis, n. sp., posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176488/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 16). It is worth noting,however, that the available collections represent samples from within a larger potential distribution; more collecting and examination of molecular evidence is needed to clarify the actual status of these populations.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFEDE50C4FE27C789" author="Howarth" box="[309,491,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Howarth, F. G. (1973) The cavernicolous fauna of Hawaiian lava tubes. I. Introduction. Pacific Insects, 15, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1973">Howarth (1973</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFDB250C4FD1AC789" author="Peck" box="[601,726,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Peck, S. B. (1973) A review of the invertebrate fauna of volcanic caves in western North America. National Speleological Society Bulletin, 35, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFD0950C4FCD2C789" author="Peck" box="[738,798,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Peck, S. B. (1982) Invertebrate faunas and zoogeographic significance of lava tube caves of Arizona and New Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 42, 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
) emphasized that troglophilic or troglobitic animals in lava beds may occupy small spaces in the lava inaccessible to collectors and use these spaces to spread to new lava tubes. Thus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF9962CFE845094FE3CC7DA" box="[367,496,472,497]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF9962CFE845094FE3CC7DA" box="[367,496,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Idaho lava beds may well be a single panmictic population, rather than a series of discrete populations isolated in larger lava tubes. Because of their northerly location and the insulating properties of the porous lava, many, but not all, of the tubes in which
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF9962CFBE95364FB4FC46A" box="[1026,1155,552,577]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF9962CFBE95364FB4FC46A" box="[1026,1155,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs have permanent ice and constant temperatures around 4°C. This does not seem to have an adverse effect on the diverse fauna found there, which includes beetles, centipeds, and opiliones as well as millipeds (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFB865334FACFC4B9" author="Briggs" box="[1133,1283,632,658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Briggs, T. S. (1973) Troglobitic harvestmen observed in the lava caves of Washington and Idaho. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 49, 86." type="journal article" year="1973">Briggs 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFAFA5334FA83C4B9" author="Briggs" box="[1297,1359,632,658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Briggs, T. S. (1974) Troglobitic harvestmen recently discovered in North American lava tubes (Travuniidae, Erebomastridae, Trieanonychidae: Opiliones). Journal of Arachnology, 1, 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFAB75334FF1AC491" author="Peck" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Peck, S. B. (1973) A review of the invertebrate fauna of volcanic caves in western North America. National Speleological Society Bulletin, 35, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck, 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF9962CFF2D5384FC27C581" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF9962CFF2D5384FE5BC4CA" box="[198,407,712,737]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF9962CFF2D5384FE5BC4CA" box="[198,407,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Idagona westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows few consipicuous adaptations to cave life, such as enlongate appendages, depigmentation and reduction or loss of eyes. Most specimens are only slightly paler than epigean conotylid species found in the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest, and while ocelli appear to be somewhat reduced in number and size, the change is not very conspicuous. However, given the bleak sagebrush desert and dry juniper woodland habitat surrounding the lava tubes, it seems unlikely that surface populations exist, and that the animals are now effectively limited to subterranean habitats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85368BFFF9962CFF2D52F4FE30C311" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The prevailing theory of the colonization of western North American lava tubes emphasizes that the arthropod faunas of these caves are derived from taxa that are mesic forest litter inhabitants. During glacial maxima in the Pleistocene, such forest habitats occupied much lower elevations than they do now, and litter animals were available to enter, survive, and reproduce in caves. As the climate became warmer and much drier under interglacial conditions, the forests retreated to higher elevations, leaving behind remnant animal populations in caves, the surrounding environment having become inhospitable for them. Depending on such factors as time since isolation, population size and selective regime, the isolates may diverge and eventually speciate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFEEF559CFE4EC2C1" author="Peck" box="[260,386,1232,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Peck, S. B. (1973) A review of the invertebrate fauna of volcanic caves in western North America. National Speleological Society Bulletin, 35, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1973">Peck 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B7AFFF9962CFE65559CFE01C2C1" author="Peck" box="[398,461,1232,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" refString="Peck, S. B. (1982) Invertebrate faunas and zoogeographic significance of lava tube caves of Arizona and New Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist, 42, 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
). The pattern of distribution seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D08FFF9962CFC9C559CFC3BC2C2" box="[887,1015,1232,1257]" class="Diplopoda" family="Conotylidae" genus="Idagona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chordeumatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westcotti">
<emphasis id="B94EEA99FFF9962CFC9C559CFC3BC2C2" box="[887,1015,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I. westcotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that the species was widespread on the surface prior to environmental change and since then the lava tube populations have diverged little, at least morphologically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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