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<mods:title id= "028ED3AFEAC4E74F7393E74C96AC47E6" > New data on distribution and ecology of seven species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id= "9C7C46E64A825AC5EFB6C0478A9DA368" > Colombo, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" blockId= "4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box= "[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
<heading id= "D0A681B86C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" box= "[298,696,1719,1742]" centered= "true" fontSize= "10" level= "2" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" reason= "4" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" authority= "Caporiacco, 1950" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[298,696,1719,1742]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E4B2F900" bold= "true" box= "[298,696,1719,1742]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826766F934E7E6F900" bold= "true" box= "[298,492,1719,1742]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Euscorpius alpha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF8267BEF934E4B2F900" author= "CAPORIACCO" box= "[498,696,1719,1742]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "159 - 230" refId= "ref17878" refString= "CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type= "journal article" year= "1950" > Caporiacco, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C0EFF8267CBF956E32DF8AA" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0EFF8267CBF956E450F922" blockId= "4.[298,696,1719,1772]" box= "[391,602,1749,1772]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
(
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<figureCitation id= "136A2A516C0EFF8267C3F956E7FFF922" box= "[399,501,1749,1772]" captionStart-0= "Figure 1" captionStart-1= "Figure 2" captionStart-2= "Figure 3" captionStartId-0= "4.[192,268,1042,1065]" captionStartId-1= "5.[192,268,1921,1944]" captionStartId-2= "6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox-0= "[189,1443,189,1000]" captionTargetBox-1= "[261,1382,168,1899]" captionTargetBox-2= "[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId-0= "figure-12@4.[192,1440,192,997]" captionTargetId-1= "figure-7@5.[264,1379,171,1896]" captionTargetId-2= "figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId-0= "4" captionTargetPageId-1= "5" captionTargetPageId-2= "6" captionText-0= "Figure 1: Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) alpha, adult female, Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Giorgio Colombo)." captionText-1= "Figure 2: E. alpha forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo)." captionText-2= "Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione d’ figureDoi-0= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781857" figureDoi-1= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781859" figureDoi-2= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" httpUri-0= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781857/files/figure.png" httpUri-1= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781859/files/figure.png" httpUri-2= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Figs. 1– </figureCitation>
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,
<tableCitation id= "C6D3036F6C0EFF82644DF956E45BF922" box= "[513,593,1749,1772]" captionStart= "Table 3" captionStartId= "7.[76,141,1706,1729]" captionText= "Table 3: Euscorpius alpha: specimen and locality data." pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0EFF8266BCF88CE213FB4A" blockId= "4.[192,802,1807,1892]" lastBlockId= "4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
Described as a subspecies
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box= "[548,762,1807,1830]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "subSpecies" species= "germanus" subSpecies= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826468F88CE4F0F8E8" box= "[548,762,1807,1830]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. germanus alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF82668CF8ADE785F88B" author= "CAPORIACCO" box= "[192,399,1838,1861]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "159 - 230" refId= "ref17878" refString= "CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type= "journal article" year= "1950" > Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
, this taxon was elevated to species status by
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF826776F8CEE46AF8AA" author= "GANTENBEIN" box= "[314,608,1869,1892]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "843 - 869" refId= "ref18728" refString= "GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER & A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type= "journal article" year= "2000" > Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
; their molecular analysis showed a 7% DNA divergence between
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" baseAuthorityName= "C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear= "1837" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "germanus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF82631AFBCDE58EFB4A" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[952,1042,1133,1156]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF8265F4FBEEE218FB4A" box= "[952,1042,1133,1156]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0EFF826522FB08E35FF99E" blockId= "4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
This species is found only in
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF8262FEFB08E2E9FB6C" box= "[1202,1251,1163,1186]" name= "Italy" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF826350FB08E393FB6C" box= "[1308,1433,1163,1186]" name= "Switzerland" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Switzerland</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF826512FB29E59BFB0F" box= "[862,913,1194,1217]" name= "Italy" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Italy</collectingCountry>
, it is recorded from the north (Alpine and Prealpine mountain ranges), as far eastward as Adige River (
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C0EFF826509FB64E265FB30" box= "[837,1135,1255,1278]" country= "Italy" name= "Trentino-Alto Adige" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Trentino-Alto Adige region</collectingRegion>
); beyond this river it is substituted by
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF826588FA85E32EFAD3" authority= "(Marcuzzi, 1961)" baseAuthorityName= "Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear= "1961" box= "[964,1316,1286,1309]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "germanus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826588FA85E258FAD3" box= "[964,1106,1286,1309]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. germanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF826224FA85E316FAD3" author= "MARCUZZI" box= "[1128,1308,1286,1309]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "1 - 136" refId= "ref19018" refString= "MARCUZZI, G. 1961. Supplemento alla fauna delle Dolomiti (aggiunte e commenti). Scorpiones. pp 12 et 94. Memorie / Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Classe di Scienze Matematiche e Naturali, 32 (2): 1 - 136." type= "journal article" year= "1961" > Marcuzzi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It is also abundant in southern
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF826278FAA6E2B9FAF2" box= "[1076,1203,1317,1340]" name= "Switzerland" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF826284FAA6E396FAF2" author= "BRAUNWALDER" box= "[1224,1436,1317,1340]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "325 - 344" refId= "ref17785" refString= "BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2001. Scorpions of Switzerland: summary of a faunistic survey. Pp. 325 - 344 in: Fet, V. & Selden, P. A. (editors): Scorpions 2001. In memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks." type= "book chapter" year= "2001" > Braunwalder, 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF826572FAC0E572FA94" author= "BRAUNWALDER" box= "[830,888,1347,1370]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" refId= "ref17844" refString= "BRAUNWALDER, M. E. 2005. Fauna Helvetica 13. Scorpiones (Arachnida). Centre suisse de cartographie de la Faune / Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchatel, 240 pp." type= "book" year= "2005" > 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF8265D2FAC0E270FA94" author= "CAPORIACCO" box= "[926,1146,1347,1370]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "159 - 230" refId= "ref17878" refString= "CAPORIACCO, L. di. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Memorie dell'Accademia nazionale dei Lincei (ser. 8), 2: 159 - 230." type= "journal article" year= "1950" > Caporiacco (1950)</bibRefCitation>
reported it from the Lombardian Prealps, as far as Brembo River; also, he mentions some localities from Piedmont for
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "subSpecies" species= "germanus" subSpecies= "beta" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826301FA02E5B5FA78" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. germanus beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that now is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[1283,1379,1439,1462]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF82634FFA1CE369FA78" box= "[1283,1379,1439,1462]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The maps of
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF8265EAFA3DE241FA1B" author= "CRUCITTI" box= "[934,1099,1470,1493]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "281 - 300" refId= "ref17937" refString= "CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type= "journal article" year= "1993" > Crucitti (1993)</bibRefCitation>
show numerous records from eastern Lombardy, and less from western Lombardy, Piedmont, and Valle d’
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0EFF8262DDFA78E3AAF9DC" author= "GANTENBEIN" box= "[1169,1440,1531,1554]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" pagination= "843 - 869" refId= "ref18728" refString= "GANTENBEIN, B., V. FET, M. BARKER & A. SCHOLL. 2000. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal the existence of two parapatric scorpion species in the Alps: Euscorpius germanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and E. alpha Caporiacco, 1950, stat. nov. (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 107: 843 - 869." type= "journal article" year= "2000" > Gantenbein et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
report several Italian localities, especially from Bergamascan Prealps, and also some Swiss localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0EFF826522F9D4E32DF8AA" blockId= "4.[830,1442,1102,1892]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" >
In this study, localities from both
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF826293F9D4E31AF9A0" box= "[1247,1296,1623,1646]" name= "Italy" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF82630BF9D4E566F943" name= "Switzerland" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
2024-07-19 11:37:19 +02:00
<figureCitation id= "136A2A516C0EFF826537F9F5E5B0F943" box= "[891,954,1654,1677]" captionStart= "Figure 3" captionStartId= "6.[192,268,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox= "[189,1441,189,1661]" captionTargetId= "figure-13@6.[192,1438,192,1658]" captionTargetPageId= "6" captionText= "Figure 3: E. alpha collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland): 1. Monte Caslano; 2. Monte San Giorgio; 3. Campione d’ figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) where surveyed in order to obtain a detailed picture of ecological conditions across the range of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF8263C5F916E571F904" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF8265FEF930E5ECF904" box= "[946,998,1715,1738]" name= "Italy" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Italy</collectingCountry>
, this species was found by the author eastward from
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C0EFF8265A7F951E25BF927" box= "[1003,1105,1746,1769]" country= "Italy" name= "Piemonte" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Piedmont</collectingRegion>
(Romagnano Sesia) in many localities within
<collectingRegion id= "4995F8366C0EFF82624CF972E265F8C6" box= "[1024,1135,1777,1800]" country= "Italy" name= "Lombardia" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Lombardy</collectingRegion>
(as far as Lake Iseo). In
<collectingCountry id= "F34676446C0EFF826572F88CE5B4F8E8" box= "[830,958,1807,1830]" name= "Switzerland" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[981,1082,1807,1830]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0EFF826599F88CE230F8E8" box= "[981,1082,1807,1830]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was studied in two localities (Monte San Giorgio and Monte Caslano), and in a small (
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C0EFF82650BF8CEE59BF8AA" box= "[839,913,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude= "3" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "1.7" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" unit= "km" value= "1.7" > 1.7 km</quantity>
<superScript id= "7C249B9C6C0EFF8265DDF8C4E590F898" attach= "left" box= "[913,922,1863,1878]" fontSize= "6" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "3" > 2</superScript>
) Italian enclave (Campione d’
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
2024-07-19 11:37:19 +02:00
<caption id= "DF2E665C6C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781859" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781859" box= "[192,1076,1921,1944]" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781859/files/figure.png" pageId= "5" pageNumber= "4" startId= "5.[192,268,1921,1944]" targetBox= "[261,1382,168,1899]" targetPageId= "5" targetType= "figure" >
2024-07-19 11:17:16 +02:00
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0FFF83668CF802E23EF856" blockId= "5.[192,1076,1921,1944]" box= "[192,1076,1921,1944]" pageId= "5" pageNumber= "4" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0FFF83668CF802E723F856" bold= "true" box= "[192,297,1921,1944]" pageId= "5" pageNumber= "4" > Figure 2:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0FFF836763F800E775F859" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[303,383,1922,1944]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "5" pageNumber= "4" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0FFF836763F800E775F859" box= "[303,383,1922,1944]" italics= "true" pageId= "5" pageNumber= "4" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest habitat in Cislano (Lombardy, Italy) (photo by Marco Colombo).
</paragraph>
</caption>
2024-07-19 11:37:19 +02:00
<caption id= "DF2E665C6C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781861" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12781861" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/12781861/files/figure.png" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" startId= "6.[192,268,1702,1725]" targetBox= "[189,1441,189,1661]" targetPageId= "6" targetType= "figure" >
2024-07-19 11:17:16 +02:00
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0CFF80668CF925E781F920" blockId= "6.[192,1442,1702,1774]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF80668CF925E726F973" bold= "true" box= "[192,300,1702,1725]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > Figure 3:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0CFF806779F924E780F972" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[309,394,1703,1724]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806779F924E780F972" box= "[309,394,1703,1724]" italics= "true" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collecting sites. Lombardy, Piedmont (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland):
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806215F924E260F972" bold= "true" box= "[1113,1130,1703,1724]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 1.</emphasis>
Monte Caslano;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806355F924E321F972" bold= "true" box= "[1305,1323,1703,1724]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 2.</emphasis>
Monte San Giorgio;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806755F943E721F91B" bold= "true" box= "[281,299,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 3.</emphasis>
Campione d’
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8067BFF943E40FF91B" bold= "true" box= "[499,517,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 4.</emphasis>
Romagnano Sesia;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806486F943E4D6F91B" bold= "true" box= "[714,732,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 5.</emphasis>
Monte Isola;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806524F943E570F91B" bold= "true" box= "[872,890,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 6.</emphasis>
Cislano;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806595F943E5E6F91B" bold= "true" box= "[985,1004,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 7.</emphasis>
Sombreno;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806228F943E27CF91B" bold= "true" box= "[1124,1142,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 8.</emphasis>
Piani Resinelli;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806357F943E324F91B" bold= "true" box= "[1307,1326,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 9.</emphasis>
Colico;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8063C8F943E3A8F91B" bold= "true" box= "[1412,1442,1728,1749]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 10.</emphasis>
Brunate;
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF806755F95AE73DF920" bold= "true" box= "[281,311,1753,1774]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > 11.</emphasis>
Eupilio.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C0CFF8166BCF897E656FE55" lastPageId= "7" lastPageNumber= "6" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" type= "reference_group" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0CFF8066BCF897E392F8A6" blockId= "6.[192,802,1812,1896]" lastBlockId= "6.[830,1441,1812,1896]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[240,333,1812,1835]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8066BCF897E747F8E5" box= "[240,333,1812,1835]" italics= "true" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is usually found in mountainous areas (up to
<quantity id= "4CA99B316C0CFF806690F8B1E724F887" box= "[220,302,1842,1865]" metricMagnitude= "3" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "2.0" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" unit= "m" value= "2000.0" > 2000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0CFF806739F8B1E400F887" author= "CRUCITTI" box= "[373,522,1842,1865]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" pagination= "281 - 300" refId= "ref17937" refString= "CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type= "journal article" year= "1993" > Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
) or even in hilly areas, so it could be defined as orophilous (
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC04B256C0CFF806476F8D2E4C5F8A6" author= "CRUCITTI" box= "[570,719,1873,1896]" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" pagination= "281 - 300" refId= "ref17937" refString= "CRUCITTI, P. 1993. Distribution and diversity of Italian scorpions. Redia, 76 (2): 281 - 300." type= "journal article" year= "1993" > Crucitti, 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Ecology of
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" box= "[911,1004,1812,1835]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "alpha" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8065C3F897E5E6F8E5" box= "[911,1004,1812,1835]" italics= "true" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > E. alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be similar to that of other related European species, such as
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" baseAuthorityName= "Marcuzzi" baseAuthorityYear= "1961" box= "[1209,1351,1842,1865]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "germanus" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8062F5F8B1E34DF887" box= "[1209,1351,1842,1865]" italics= "true" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > E. germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" authorityName= "Caporiacco" authorityYear= "1950" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "gamma" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0CFF8063C5F8B1E587F8A6" italics= "true" pageId= "6" pageNumber= "5" > E. gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the last species was found down to the sea level
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" blockId= "7.[76,92,383,411]" box= "[76,92,383,411]" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" >
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0DFF816600FEFCE656FE55" bold= "true" box= "[76,92,383,411]" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" > 6</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C34B655F6C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" box= "[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BEE36D46C0DFF816334FEFDE101FE51" blockId= "7.[1400,1803,382,416]" box= "[1400,1803,382,416]" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C514D576C0DFF816334FEFDE03FFE6E" authorityName= "Thorell" authorityYear= "1876" box= "[1400,1589,382,416]" class= "Arachnida" family= "Euscorpiidae" genus= "Euscorpius" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Scorpiones" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" > Euscorpius</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id= "B925EAC66C0DFF816070FE00E101FE51" bold= "true" box= "[1596,1803,387,415]" pageId= "7" pageNumber= "6" > — 2006, No. 36</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
