167 lines
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167 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789584" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4793122-9b59-4473-9912-18d50e3db61c" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749547" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789584" approvalRequired="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="2" checkinTime="1587974872548" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paulsen, M. J." docDate="2010" docId="03F187BAFFF2317DFF57FA52FCEEFD30" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2147.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 34 (34)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@da4cf09" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Dorcus brevis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="202" masterDocId="FFC8FFC2FFF3317EFFDBFFEFFFF4FFCC" masterDocTitle="Stag beetles of the genus Dorcus MacLeay in North America (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="207" masterPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" updateTime="1643561387522" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Stag beetles of the genus Dorcus MacLeay in North America (Coleoptera, Lucanidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paulsen, M. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-01-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>34</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>34</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>199</mods:start>
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<mods:end>207</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.34.292</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e4793122-9b59-4473-9912-18d50e3db61c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576613</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">49601E51-1B57-4176-8A18-50B6CA622B40</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187BAFFF2317DFF57FA52FCEEFD30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187BAFFF2317DFF57FA52FCEEFD30" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="200" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[140,514,1468,1495]" box="[140,514,1468,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
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<heading box="[140,514,1468,1495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,514,1468,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[140,301,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,301,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">Dorcus brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[360,514,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[360,514,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1539,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
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The overall broader form of the body of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[580,673,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[580,673,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">D. brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1) is often adequate to distinguish it from the relatively narrower
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[467,598,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[467,598,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 2). However, the most useful and obvious external character for separating the North American species is the shape of the posterior pronotal angle. In
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<emphasis box="[342,442,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[342,438,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">D. brevis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the posterior angles are in close proximity to the elytral bases
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,965,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,274,965,987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Figures Ι–2.</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus of major males.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[571,584,965,987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Ι</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[591,709,966,987]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[591,709,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Dorcus brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(length
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<quantity box="[788,851,966,988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="30.0">30mm</quantity>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[864,877,965,987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">2</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[883,1035,966,987]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[883,1035,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Dorcus parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(length
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<quantity box="[140,206,998,1020]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="26.0">26mm</quantity>
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). Scale bar =
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<quantity box="[327,380,998,1020]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,1082,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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(Fig. 3). In
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[264,396,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[264,396,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the angles are distinctly removed from the base of the elytra (Fig. 4). The humeral angles of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[416,508,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[416,508,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are generally more strongly dentate and the humeri produced forward of the scutellum, while in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[586,718,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[586,718,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the humerus is less strongly dentate and more or less in line with the scutellum. In addition, males of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[836,968,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[836,968,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a dense field of setae on the internal face of the metatibia (Fig. 5), but this patch is not present on males of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[236,329,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[236,329,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6). The clypeus is distinctly broader in males of
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<emphasis box="[907,1046,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[907,1042,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">D. parallelus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,1082,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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In both species, the mandibles of major males have a single large dorsal tooth, but the dentition of the mandibles of minor males is clearly distinct. Even the smallest minor males of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[319,458,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[319,458,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have mandibles that are of the same basic shape as major males, but they are simply reduced in size (Fig. 7). In contrast, minor males of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have two distinct internal teeth below the dorsal tooth and are abruptly curved internally (Fig. 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,1082,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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The form of the male genitalia is radically different in the two species. The flagellum of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[140,269,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[140,269,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is longer than the entire length of the body and is weakly flared at the apex (Fig. 9). The flagellum of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[361,454,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[361,454,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">D. brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is less than half as long, with a large lobe-like sac at the apex (Fig. 10). The genitalia of the European species,
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<emphasis box="[656,857,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[656,853,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelipipedus">D. parallelipipedus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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differs from either species in being more strongly expanded medially and in possessing a trilobed apex (Fig. 11).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[299,317,608,637]" box="[299,317,608,637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[299,317,608,637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">3</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,710,764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,274,710,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Figures 3–4.</emphasis>
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Outline of body shape in females.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[608,621,710,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">3</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[629,747,710,732]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
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<emphasis box="[629,747,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Dorcus brevis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,768,710,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">4</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[776,929,710,732]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
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<emphasis box="[776,929,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Dorcus parallelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, arrow pointing to posterior pronotal angle distinctly removed from the base of the elytra.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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