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<document id="4F33198783A5DC976E9E1B0E89E6992D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7532580" ID-ZooBank="7FBAFF97-E057-42F6-B75C-7021677D4CF5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1673572134215" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sirenko, Boris" docDate="2023" docId="03D42C60FFFADC78FF7D084F5448211E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5228.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5228 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lepidochitona pakistana Sirenko 2023, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FFED5418FFEADC6CFFEA0C2D564E220B" masterDocTitle="Chitons of the genus Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the Indian Ocean and ordering of species compositions of some genera of the subfamily Tonicellinae" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="292" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1699446717646" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A108CC396C7ECD56469F4C152A9FA970" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="83255A3CFC5526B95CA43154D8229EB4">
<mods:title id="CEE1918332ED45506EEF9994008B291A">Chitons of the genus Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the Indian Ocean and ordering of species compositions of some genera of the subfamily Tonicellinae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2CB753EBB8E0AD90C34C90BE1E8118CB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="62EC5247A85091AA1AA18F7173D70E34">
<mods:roleTerm id="F1E5D6A9424626508EEFAA9932C46BFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AA32A6CA3196EBC185DB3F89B1965CC8">Sirenko, Boris</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A69888A3845193E14432EE4E111935EE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5A8F5C9CD525D92D18F67138D2299FDF" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="33FF11DB36296DC988EC05D4331BB3D1">
<mods:title id="A53FF29F4EF725065DB8A8C2D1E9ADEA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4A8CE7B3C8279D0DFDF85B3EFC66EA0C">
<mods:date id="448E5B588E68F99EFDF8063C4BD5A0E8">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF97554AAFEDB4066AE55458A5A74214" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="95AE429E96D51FB6ECA2091E7F485734">2023-01-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="37A49DB92BC6062C7C93F1554F31937A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0FAD5396FBF8A8181A20855669B01211">5228</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3E4D5513D64284D397A7BB982417CD2F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A8903C08730C84B7552856FEFD4806E6">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="ACD14D4AA31E85DA7FEE318FB6C9B3F7" unit="page">
<mods:start id="F9976A0331B5D63738EBA19FBDD9F82D">292</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2045B3D91E69D954D59E1C9E00366B17">316</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="339EC0DD13A8F2EA49ACA8054C7F2B1A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="00683D4C06F4D31EA9827E21AA72BC33" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="34A4C27DC01A6C48A0B989AFAB6B4EEE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="18227B999D042D6DA8FF00858FDE535C" type="Zenodo-Dep">7532580</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4F7AE9FD47F497D1C8C672CB42B72B0B" type="ZooBank">7FBAFF97-E057-42F6-B75C-7021677D4CF5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D42C60FFFADC78FF7D084F5448211E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7532731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D42C60FFFADC78FF7D084F5448211E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D42C60FFFADC78FF7D084F5448211E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7CFF7D084F54422676" box="[151,524,1122,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF7D084F54422676" blockId="16.[151,524,1122,1185]" box="[151,524,1122,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<heading id="D08A2A1AFFFADC7CFF7D084F54422676" bold="true" box="[151,524,1122,1149]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF7D084F54422676" bold="true" box="[151,524,1122,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFADC7CFF7D084F578C2676" ID-CoL="b2a10cb1-2c1a-456e-bf30-53b7d84f93dd" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,450,1122,1149]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF7D084F578C2676" bold="true" box="[151,450,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Lepidochitona pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFADC7CFE20084E54422676" box="[458,524,1123,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7CFF7D08AA576926AA" box="[151,295,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF7D08AA576926AA" blockId="16.[151,524,1122,1185]" box="[151,295,1159,1185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
(
<figureCitation id="134681F3FFFADC7CFF7508AA575126AA" box="[159,287,1159,1185]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStart-2="FIGURE 21" captionStart-3="FIGURE 22" captionStart-4="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1540,1564]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionStartId-4="21.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1431,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,182,1516]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1422,181,1236]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1423,813,1884]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,181,1816]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@17.[156,1431,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@18.[151,1436,181,1517]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@19.[164,1422,181,1236]" captionTargetId-3="figure-326@20.[164,1423,813,1885]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@21.[151,1435,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Lepidochitona pakistana n. sp., Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, paratype (CASIZ 019907), BL 4.4 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Lepidochitona pakistana n. sp., Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm: A. Valve I, dorsal view; B. Valve II, dorsal view; C. Valve V, dorsal view; D. Valve VIII, dorsal view; E. Valve IV, ventral view; F. Valve V, detail of tegmentum surface of central area; G. Valve V, rostral view; H. Valve VIII, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 21. Lepidochitona pakistana n. sp., Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm: A. Dorsal spicules, two kinds of marginal needles and two kinds of ventral scales; B. Dorsal spicules; C. Dorsal spicules, two kinds of marginal needles and two kinds of ventral scales; D. Dorsal spicules and sutural needle." captionText-3="FIGURE 22. Lepidochitona pakistana n. sp., Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm (B), paratype (CASIZ 019915) BL 3.0 mm (A, C) paratype (CASIZ 024429), BL 5.2 mm (D): A. Two kinds of ventral scales; B. Radula; C. Dorsal spicules, two rows of tufts with needles and two kinds of marginal needles; D. Central, first lateral and major lateral teeth of radula." captionText-4="FIGURE 23. Lepidochitona pakistana n. sp., Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm: A. Needle of tuft; B, C. Dorsal spicules; D. Marginal smooth needle; E. Marginal ribbed needle; F. Ventral rectangular scale; G. Ventral scale; H. Central tooth and first lateral teeth of radula; I. Head of major lateral tooth of radula. Scale bar 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532659" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532663" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532667" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532671" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532675" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7532659/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7532663/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7532667/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7532671/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7532675/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Figs 19–23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7CFF7D08E252112426" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF7D08E255E2273A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF7D08E2570B26E3" bold="true" box="[151,325,1230,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFEA108E255E2273A" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CASIZ 235554" specimenCount="13" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFFADC7CFEA108E257FD26E2" box="[331,435,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFE2B08E2543D26E2" box="[449,627,1230,1257]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">CASIZ 235554</specimenCode>
), now disarticulated consisting of SEM-mounted valves I, II, IV, V, VIII, parts of perinotum and radula, mount of part of perinotum and vial with other valves and
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFADC7CFB4808DE537C2706" box="[1186,1330,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">13 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFAA908DE53D62706" box="[1347,1432,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">CASIZ</collectionCode>
, 019907, 019915, 019934, 024429), three of them partly disarticulated.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF2D09165367275E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" box="[199,1321,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF2D09165728275F" bold="true" box="[199,358,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFE860916536B275E" box="[364,1317,1338,1365]" country="Pakistan" county="Goth Jafar" latitude="25.206667" location="Indian Ocean" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" municipality="Karachi area" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA2CBADFFFADC7CFE860916544B275E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D42C60FFFADC78FF7D084F5448211E:8EA2CBADFFFADC7CFE860916544B275E" box="[364,517,1339,1365]" country="Pakistan" county="Goth Jafar" latitude="25.206667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" municipality="Karachi area" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Indian Ocean</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36ADDE6FFFADC7CFDFA0916543C275E" box="[528,626,1339,1365]" name="Pakistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA6070CFFFADC7CFD9709165540275E" box="[637,782,1339,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Karachi area</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A3E5FAFFFADC7CFCF0091655DF275E" box="[794,913,1339,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Goth Jafar</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFC760917526C275E" box="[924,1058,1338,1365]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="24" value="25.206667">25°12'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFBC4091652FF275E" box="[1070,1201,1339,1365]" degrees="68" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="19" value="68.62195">68°37'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF2D097352112426" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF2D097357FB2773" bold="true" box="[199,437,1374,1400]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Material examined.</emphasis>
14 spms. Indian Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="F36ADDE6FFFADC7CFD350972550F2772" box="[735,833,1375,1401]" name="Pakistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, Karachi area, Goth Jafar,
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFB94097353472796" collectingDate="1973-10-23" collectionCode="BL" collectorName="F. B. Steiner" latitude="25.206667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CASIZ 019915" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFB940973534B2772" box="[1150,1285,1374,1401]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="24" value="25.206667">25°12'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFAFE097253D62772" box="[1300,1432,1375,1401]" degrees="68" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="19" value="68.62195">68°37'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, rocks, sand, mud,
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFADC7CFE2109AE54062796" box="[459,584,1411,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFDBE09AE554D2796" box="[596,771,1410,1437]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">CASIZ 019915</specimenCode>
),
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFCF909AE55782796" box="[787,822,1411,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">BL</collectionCode>
3.0–
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFC8109AE558E2796" box="[875,960,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC3BBB6FFFADC7CFC2309AE52042796" box="[969,1098,1411,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EF87425EFFFADC7CFC2309AE52042796" box="[969,1098,1411,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-23">23.10.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2688F8A0FFFADC7CFB6A09AE53472796" box="[1152,1289,1411,1437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">F. B. Steiner</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFAFB09AF54B027EE" collectingDate="1973-10-24" collectionCode="BL" collectorName="F. B. Steiner" latitude="25.206667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CASIZ 235554, CASIZ 019907" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFAFB09AF53D92796" box="[1297,1431,1410,1437]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="24" value="25.206667">25°12'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFF7D098A575427CA" box="[151,282,1447,1473]" degrees="68" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="19" value="68.62195">68°37'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, rocks, sand, weed covered,
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFFADC7CFD24098A557E27CA" box="[718,816,1447,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFCD5098A55BF27CA" box="[831,1009,1446,1473]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">CASIZ 235554</specimenCode>
),
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFBEE098A526927CA" box="[1028,1063,1447,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">BL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFBC4098A52CA27CA" box="[1070,1156,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFADC7CFB50098A537527CA" box="[1210,1339,1447,1473]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">4 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFAA3098A56A127EE" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">CASIZ 019907</specimenCode>
),
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFEEB09E6576A27EE" box="[257,292,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">BL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFEC309E657FE27EE" box="[297,432,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–4.4 mm</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC3BBB6FFFADC7CFE5009E6547527EE" box="[442,571,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-24">
<collectingDate id="EF87425EFFFADC7CFE5009E6547527EE" box="[442,571,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-24">24.10.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2688F8A0FFFADC7CFD9809E654B027EE" box="[626,766,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">F. B. Steiner</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFCED09E755DB2402" collectingDate="1973-10-25" collectionCode="BL" collectorName="F. B. Steiner" latitude="25.206667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CAS 019934" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFCED09E755C327EE" box="[775,909,1482,1509]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="24" value="25.206667">25°12'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFC7D09E6525427EE" box="[919,1050,1483,1509]" degrees="68" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="19" value="68.62195">68°37'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal, rocks, sand,
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFADC7CFAF409E653D227EE" box="[1310,1436,1483,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFF7509C257772402" box="[159,313,1519,1545]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="Museum">CAS 019934</specimenCode>
),
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFEA509C2573C2402" box="[335,370,1519,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">BL</collectionCode>
2.0–5.0 mm, 24–
<date id="FFC3BBB6FFFADC7CFDD509C3548E2402" box="[575,704,1518,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-25">
<collectingDate id="EF87425EFFFADC7CFDD509C3548E2402" box="[575,704,1518,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-25">25.10.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2688F8A0FFFADC7CFCEA09C255DB2402" box="[768,917,1519,1545]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">F. B. Steiner</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B15972BFFFADC7CFC4909C352112426" collectingDate="1973-10-26" collectionCode="BL" collectorName="F. B. Steiner." latitude="25.206667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="68.62195" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" specimenCode="CAS 024429" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFC4909C352672402" box="[931,1065,1518,1545]" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="24" value="25.206667">25°12'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE49FBB1FFFADC7CFBDD09C252F42402" box="[1079,1210,1519,1545]" degrees="68" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" precision="15" seconds="19" value="68.62195">68°37'19&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, low tide, on dense vegetation,
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFADC7CFEF00A3E57D42426" box="[282,410,1555,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDB350DFFFADC7CFE430A3E540E2426" box="[425,576,1555,1581]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="Museum">CAS 024429</specimenCode>
),
<collectionCode id="ED6C05B3FFFADC7CFDB90A3E54382426" box="[595,630,1555,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">BL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFD970A3F55482426" box="[637,774,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5.2 mm</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC3BBB6FFFADC7CFCF80A3E55DC2426" box="[786,914,1555,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-26">
<collectingDate id="EF87425EFFFADC7CFCF80A3E55DC2426" box="[786,914,1555,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" value="1973-10-26">26.10.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2688F8A0FFFADC7CFC240A3E52112426" box="[974,1119,1555,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">F. B. Steiner.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7CFF2D0A1B55B9245A" box="[199,1015,1590,1617]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF2D0A1B55B9245A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" box="[199,1015,1590,1617]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF2D0A1B572F245B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFFADC7CFD8A0A1A54DE245A" box="[608,656,1591,1617]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">type</typeStatus>
locality near Karachi,
<collectingCountry id="F36ADDE6FFFADC7CFC7A0A1A55BD245A" box="[912,1011,1591,1617]" name="Pakistan" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7CFF2D0A77535E2522" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF2D0A77535E2522" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF2D0A77570C247F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1626,1652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFADC7CFEA20A7657DA247E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[328,404,1627,1653]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chiton</taxonomicName>
of small size, up to
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFD980A775484247E" box="[626,714,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
, valves carinated, little beaked, slightly elevated, mucro anterior. Valves II–VIII with narrow, radial groove near apex; lateral areas slightly raised. Tegmentum smooth, all pores of aesthetes rounded and about the same size. Slit formula 10/1/14. Girdle densely clothed with small, cylindrical spicules with 2–3 weakly noticeable longitudinal grooves in upper half; two rows of tufts of long curved needles between valves, around end valves, and near margin; marginal fringe consists of two kinds of needles: smooth and ribbed; ventral scales sharply pointed, smooth. Major lateral teeth of radula with tricuspid dental caps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFFADC7FFF2D0B1F524025BA" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFADC7CFF2D0B1F57AC259E" blockId="16.[151,1437,1230,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFADC7CFF2D0B1F57172547" bold="true" box="[199,345,1842,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFFADC7CFE8B0B1E57872546" box="[353,457,1843,1869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
small, BL
<quantity id="4C853093FFFADC7CFDA20B1E54EC2546" box="[584,674,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
, elongate oval. Shell slightly elevated (dorsal elevation 0.29), back carinated, valves with straight side slopes, little beaked. Color of tegmentum light brown with white triangles in the middle of valves III, IV, VIII.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF02CDFEFFFBDC7DFF7D0BBA568825D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7532659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7532659/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="309" startId="17.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[156,1431,181,1920]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFBDC7DFF7D0BBA568825D8" blockId="17.[151,1437,1943,2003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFBDC7DFF7D0BBA576E25A4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1943,1967]" pageId="17" pageNumber="309">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFBDC7DFECC0BB5546C25BB" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,546,1944,1968]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="17" pageNumber="309" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFBDC7DFECC0BB5546C25BB" box="[294,546,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="309">Lepidochitona pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFBDC7DFDC20BB5542925BB" bold="true" box="[552,615,1944,1968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="309">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFBDC7DFDC20BB5542C25BB" box="[552,610,1944,1968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="309" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, paratype (CASIZ 019907), BL 4.4 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF02CDFEFFF8DC7EFF7D0A29536E246E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7532663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7532663/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="310" startId="18.[151,250,1540,1564]" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1516]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF8DC7EFF7D0A29536E246E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1540,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFF7D0A29576E2416" bold="true" box="[151,288,1540,1565]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFF8DC7EFECC0A28546C2416" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,546,1541,1565]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="18" pageNumber="310" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFECC0A28546C2416" box="[294,546,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">Lepidochitona pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFDC20A2854292416" bold="true" box="[552,615,1541,1565]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFF8DC7EFDC20A28542C2416" box="[552,610,1541,1565]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm:
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFF260A0556AB244B" bold="true" box="[204,229,1576,1600]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">A.</emphasis>
Valve I, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFE280A045797244A" bold="true" box="[450,473,1577,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">B.</emphasis>
Valve II, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFD550A055496244B" bold="true" box="[703,728,1576,1600]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">C.</emphasis>
Valve V, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFC560A04559A244A" bold="true" box="[956,980,1577,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">D.</emphasis>
Valve VIII, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFB3F0A0452A2244A" bold="true" box="[1237,1260,1577,1601]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">E.</emphasis>
Valve IV, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFF3C0A6056A7246E" bold="true" box="[214,233,1613,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">F.</emphasis>
Valve V, detail of tegmentum surface of central area;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFCE00A61556B246F" bold="true" box="[778,805,1612,1636]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">G.</emphasis>
Valve V, rostral view;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF8DC7EFBE10A60526B246E" bold="true" box="[1035,1061,1613,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">H.</emphasis>
Valve VIII, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF8DC7EFF2D0ABE52032536" blockId="18.[151,1436,1683,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">Head valve semicircular, posterior margin widely V-shaped. Intermediate valves broadly rectangular, front margin anteriorly produced in valve II, somewhat concave in valves III–VII, hind margin concave at both sides of the prominent apex, valves II–VIII with two narrow, radial grooves near apex, lateral areas weakly raised, side margins rounded. Tail valve smaller than head valve, front margin concave, mucro anterior, ratio of length of postmucronal area to length of antemucronal area 2.25, postmucronal slope concave.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF8DC7EFF2D0B6A569A25C6" blockId="18.[151,1436,1683,1997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="310">Tegmentum of all valves smooth to the naked eye, microscopically ridged. Aesthetes arranged in radial rows on head valve, lateral areas and pleural part of central areas of intermediate valves and postmucronal area of tail valve, jugal areas and antemucronal areas with longitudinally arranged pore rows, several fine, weakly marked growth lines.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF02CDFEFFF9DC7FFF7D08C152DB2747" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7532667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7532667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7532667/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" startId="19.[151,250,1260,1284]" targetBox="[164,1422,181,1236]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC7FFF7D08C152DB2747" blockId="19.[151,1437,1260,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFF7D08C1576E270F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1260,1284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFF9DC7FFECC08C1546C270F" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,546,1260,1284]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFECC08C1546C270F" box="[294,546,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">Lepidochitona pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFDC208C05429270E" bold="true" box="[552,615,1261,1285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFF9DC7FFDC208C0542C270E" box="[552,610,1261,1285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
Pakistan, W. of Karachi, Goth Jafar, low tide, holotype (CASIZ 235554), BL 4.4 mm:
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFF26093D56AB2723" bold="true" box="[204,229,1296,1320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal spicules, two kinds of marginal needles and two kinds of ventral scales;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFBFE093C52652722" bold="true" box="[1044,1067,1297,1321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">B.</emphasis>
Dorsal spicules;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFB31093D52BD2723" bold="true" box="[1243,1267,1296,1320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">C.</emphasis>
Dorsal spicules, two kinds of marginal needles and two kinds of ventral scales;
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFCFF091855602746" bold="true" box="[789,814,1333,1357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">D.</emphasis>
Dorsal spicules and sutural needle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC7FFF2D09565709240A" blockId="19.[151,1437,1403,2041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">Articulamentum moderately developed, translucent, ivory. Apophyses thin, short, broadly triangular with rounded top in intermediate valves, more or less trapezoid in tail valve, separated by a narrow, flat jugal sinus, insertion plates short, slit formula 10/1/14, slits narrow, slit rays present in all valves, teeth short, smooth, eaves narrow, porous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC7FFF2D0A26521424F6" blockId="19.[151,1437,1403,2041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">Girdle narrow, light brown with white spots near tufts of spicules, dorsally densely covered with very small, cylindrical spicules (28 x 14 µm) with 2–3 weakly noticeable longitudinal grooves in upper half; two rows of long bent needles (up to 300 x 28 µm) collected in tufts arranged along the body. One row arranged near valves, and another row arranged closer to girdle margin. Marginal spicules of two kinds: elongate, straight, longitudinally ribbed in dorsal side, sharply pointed needles (200 x 25 µm) and long, smooth needles gradually tapering to a blunt top (200–300 x 28 µm). Two kinds of ventral girdle scales: one row of rectangular scales (70 x 25 µm) near margin and remaining scales (55 x 13 µm), sharp-pointed, with 2–3 narrow ribs in upper half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC7FFF2D0B2A57F72562" blockId="19.[151,1437,1403,2041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">
Radula of
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFF9DC7FFED30B2A57D5252A" box="[313,411,1799,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4C853093FFF9DC7FFE4B0B2A57B8252A" box="[417,502,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
long with 23 rows of mature teeth. Central tooth short, with narrow base, first lateral teeth elongate, wing-shaped with rounded blade, major lateral teeth with tridentate cusps, denticles sharp, central denticle noticeably larger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC7FFF2D0B5E524025BA" blockId="19.[151,1437,1403,2041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">
<typeStatus id="54C623D4FFF9DC7FFF2D0B5E57612586" box="[199,303,1907,1933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
has 12 long gills per side, from valve III to valve VII. Nephridiopores and gonopores situated between first and second and second and third gills counted from posterior, accordingly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367CEFDFFF9DC78FF2D0B965448211E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="19" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFF9DC78FF2D0B9653D722DE" blockId="19.[151,1437,1403,2041]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFF9DC7FFF2D0B96577525DE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1979,2005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="311">Remarks.</emphasis>
The color of the tegmentum of the new species varies from ivory with small olive and brown spots on the posterior edges of valves I–VII, to light brown with white triangles in the middle of valves III, IV, VIII. The joint slit formula of
<specimenCount id="9D7B56FFFFFEDC78FEAA0CBA57E122BA" box="[320,431,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" type="generic" typeStatus="type">three type</specimenCount>
specimens is 10–11/1/11–14. There is an increase in the number of gills with an increase in body length. Individuals with body lengths of 4.3, 4.4 and 5.0 mm had 11, 12 and 13 gills per side, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFEDC78FF2D0CF2544C23DA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FF2D0CF2579522F2" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,475,223,249]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FF2D0CF2579522F2" box="[199,475,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">Lepidochitona pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FE0A0CF2545522F2" box="[480,539,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FD400CF2556B22F2" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[682,805,223,249]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FD400CF2556B22F2" box="[682,805,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FCC00CF2552A22F2" box="[810,868,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by having cylindrical, round topped dorsal spicules (vs sharply pointed spicules with 2–3 weakly noticeable longitudinal riblets in the upper half in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FB380D2E53012316" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1234,1359,259,285]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FB380D2E53012316" box="[1234,1359,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. sp), valves II–VII with two narrow, radial grooves near apex (vs grooves lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FBCB0D0A52D1234A" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1057,1183,295,321]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FBCB0D0A52D1234A" box="[1057,1183,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FB4D0D0A52AA234B" box="[1191,1252,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), width of jugal sinus larger width of apophysis (vs width of jugal sinus smaller width of apophysis in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FB980D6652BE236E" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1138,1264,331,357]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FB980D6652BE236E" box="[1138,1264,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FB120D665379236E" box="[1272,1335,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), ventral scales smooth (vs ventral scales with ribs in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FD7C0D42555A2382" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[662,788,367,393]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FD7C0D42555A2382" box="[662,788,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FCF70D4255142383" box="[797,858,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FC1A0D4252322382" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1008,1148,367,393]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FC1A0D4252322382" box="[1008,1148,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FB6F0D42528C2383" box="[1157,1218,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a much longer postmucronal area: the ratio of length of postmucronal area to length of antemucronal area is
<quantity id="4C853093FFFEDC78FB4E0DBE52BF23A6" box="[1188,1265,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8674" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="2.31">2.31 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FB1D0DBE53CF23A6" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1271,1409,403,429]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FB1D0DBE53CF23A6" box="[1271,1409,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FA6D0DBE56F923DB" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<quantity id="4C853093FFFEDC78FF040D9B577223DA" box="[238,316,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" unit="in" value="1.15">1.15 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FEA80D9A57F123DA" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[322,447,439,465]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FEA80D9A57F123DA" box="[322,447,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FE2C0D9A544C23DA" box="[454,514,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFEDC78FF2D0DF65727206A" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">
The new species differs from the closely related
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FD020DF655FF23FE" box="[744,945,475,501]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FD020DF655C423FE" box="[744,906,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">Lepidochitona</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFECE087FFFEDC78FC550DF6522123FE" author="Van Belle, R. A." box="[959,1135,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref10015" refString="Van Belle, R. A. (1994) On the chiton fauna of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf. Gloria Maris, 33 (1), 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1994">Van Belle 1994</bibRefCitation>
) from the Arabian Gulf by having concave front margins of valves III–VII (vs convex in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FC8E0DD2527E2012" box="[868,1072,511,537]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FC8E0DD252482012" box="[868,1030,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">Lepidochitona</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
), cylindrical dorsal spicules (vs obtusely pointed in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FE9E0E0E54702036" box="[372,574,547,573]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FE9E0E0E54582036" box="[372,534,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">Lepidochitona</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
), marginal needles of two kinds, one of them ribbed (only smooth spicules in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FF7D0E6A572E206A" box="[151,352,583,609]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FF7D0E6A5777206A" box="[151,313,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">Lepidochitona</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC29D76FFFEDC78FF2D0E465448211E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FF2D0E46571D208E" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,339,619,645]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FF2D0E46571D208E" box="[199,339,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FEB10E4657D6208E" box="[347,408,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FDC50E4654D4208F" baseAuthorityName="Ashby" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[559,666,619,644]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turtoni">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FDC50E4654D4208F" box="[559,666,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. turtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FD390E465508208E" authorityName="Sirenko &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1999" box="[723,838,619,645]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dicksae">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FD390E465508208E" box="[723,838,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. dicksae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smooth ventral scales (vs ribbed scales in both latter species), two rows of tufts with long, bent needles (vs one row in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FBF90EA252C920A2" authorityName="Sirenko &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1999" box="[1043,1159,655,681]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dicksae">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FBF90EA252C920A2" box="[1043,1159,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. dicksae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and single, short spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FF5F0E9E576E20C7" baseAuthorityName="Ashby" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[181,288,691,716]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turtoni">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FF5F0E9E576E20C7" box="[181,288,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. turtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cylindrical dorsal spicules (vs obtusely pointed spicules in both species). Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FB1E0E9E533120C6" authority="Sirenko, 2023" authorityName="Sirenko" authorityYear="2023" box="[1268,1407,691,717]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pakistana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FB1E0E9E533120C6" box="[1268,1407,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. pakistana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23AFC1FFFFEDC78FA6D0E9E56F920FA" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has megalaesthete pores equal in size to the micraesthete pores (vs megalaesthete pores are twice as large as micraesthete pores in
<taxonomicName id="4C7DE6F5FFFEDC78FE660ED657B8211F" baseAuthorityName="Ashby" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[396,502,763,788]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Tonicellidae" genus="Lepidochitona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="20" pageNumber="312" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turtoni">
<emphasis id="B9094164FFFEDC78FE660ED657B8211F" box="[396,502,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="312">L. turtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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