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<mods:title id="7429FEB20E2F7DE480631FC1E7406851">African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AC233BFD79C6216AA3B3DA1222161BB">Jasmine Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4881487896A5507F2A8A2D942BC6EAF8">Paul F. Clark</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7467C717E79D1E38FD97FC89" ID-CoL="8V74Z" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,556,845,871]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E79D1E38FECBFC89" bold="true" box="[151,368,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E67D1E38FD97FC89" box="[375,556,845,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E79D1E05FF54FC64" blockId="4.[151,556,845,906]" box="[151,239,880,906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E7951E05FF58FC64" box="[159,227,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7467C717E79D1EB5FD83FC39" ID-CoL="8V74Z" authority="Kingsley 1882: 127" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,568,960,983]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E79D1EB5FEE2FC39" box="[151,345,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E66B1EB5FDB9FC39" box="[353,514,960,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley 1882</bibRefCitation>
: 127
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, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E5F41EB5FCC5FC39" box="[766,894,960,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref34096" refString="Sharp, B. (1893) Catalogue of the Crustaceans in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1893, 104 - 127." type="journal article">Sharp 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 111; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E4B41EB5FBE5FC39" box="[958,1118,960,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 402, 404; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E3DD1EB5FAD5FC39" box="[1239,1390,960,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref32670" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1905) Observations Nouvelles sur les Crevettes de la Famille des Atyides. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 39, 57 - 134." type="journal article">Bouvier 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 74; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E7CD1E95FECAFC19" box="[199,369,992,1015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33136" refString="Hart, R. C., Stewart, B. A. &amp; Bickerton, I. B. (2001) Decapoda. In: Day, J. A., Stewart, B. A. De Moor, I. J. &amp; Louw A. E. (Ed) Crustacea 3, Bathynellacea, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Spelaeogriphacea, Tanaidacea, Decapoda. Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of South Africa. Prepared for the Water Research Commission, WRC Report. TT 141 / 01. 4, 87 - 124." type="journal article">
Hart 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7F71E95FE88FC19" box="[253,307,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
: 111, fig. 6.4 
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.
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Non 
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7C11975FE30FBF9" box="[203,395,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina africana</emphasis>
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.— De Man (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E5381975FD4AFBF9" box="[562,753,1024,1047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E5771975FD11FBF9" box="[637,682,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
. 1897
</bibRefCitation>
): 170–174, pl. 15, fig. 2 a–f; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E3291975FB2CFBF9" box="[1059,1175,1024,1047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33566" refString="Lenz, H. (1912) Afrikanische Crustaceen aus schwedischen Sammlungen. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 7, 1 - 10." type="journal article">Lenz 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 5 = 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7467C717E3C31975FECBFBD9" ID-CoL="8VKC8" authority="(Bouvier, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Bouvier" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E3C31975FA20FBF9" box="[1225,1435,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina natalensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E7C41955FED3FBD9" box="[206,360,1056,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref32745" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1925) Recherches sur la morphologie, les variations, la distribution geographique des Crevettes de la famille des Atyides. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Paris, 4, 1 - 370." type="journal article">Bouvier, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
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Non 
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7C51935FE28FBB9" box="[207,403,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E6B41935FDE8FBB9" box="[446,595,1088,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref32964" refString="Gordon, I. (1933) Scientific results of the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930 - 1 - 14. - Crustacea Macrura (prawns). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 38, 351 - 362." type="journal article">Gordon 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 356–358, fig. 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E4161935FC0FFBB9" box="[796,948,1088,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref32553" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive Catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea. Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 864." type="journal article">Barnard 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 661, fig. 123, m, n; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E3AC1935FAFFFBB9" box="[1190,1348,1088,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33411" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The Caridean Crustacea of Tropical West Africa. Scientific results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa 1945 - 46. Atlantide Report, 2, 1 - 187." type="journal article">Holthuis 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 17–18; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E7CD1915FEE3FB99" box="[199,344,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33721" refString="Monod, T. (1968) Contribution a l'etude des eaux douces de l'Ennedi, Bulletin de l'I. F. A. N. T. 30, A, 4, 1350 - 1353." type="journal article">Monod 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 
<date id="FFF8C1BE7467C717E66C1915FE59FB99" box="[358,482,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1350" valueMax="1353">1350–1353</date>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E6FB1915FD20FB99" box="[497,667,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33589" refString="Magnetti, P. A. (1980) Ritrovamento di Caridina africana Kingsley 1882 (Crustacea Decapoda) in Uganda. Researche zoologiche in Uganda. Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, 377, Quaderno No. 250, 41 - 44." type="book chapter">Magnetti, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 41–44, fig.1, 2; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7467C717E46B1915FB05FB99" box="[865,1214,1120,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref33454" refString="Hussein, M. A. &amp; Obuid-Allah, A. H. (1990) External morphology of the freshwater prawn Caridina africana collected from Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East, 4, 71 - 84." type="journal article">Hussein and Obuid-Allah 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 71–85, figs. 1–9 = 
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CD19F5FE29FB79" box="[199,402,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Caridina togoensis</emphasis>
Hilgendorf, 1893
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E79D19B2FDBFFB0F" bold="true" box="[151,516,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Material examined. 
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:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D402CF77467C717E50419B2FD99FB35" box="[526,546,1223,1243]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">♀</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E52119B2FD76FB0F" bold="true" box="[555,717,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE7467C717E52119B2FD76FB0F" box="[555,717,1223,1249]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7467C717E52119B2FDCFFB0F" box="[555,628,1223,1249]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
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</emphasis>
sta. 412, Natal, Zululand, coll. S. 
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. Grant, 
<collectionCode id="ED577FBB7467C717E3E719BDFAF9FB0C" box="[1261,1346,1224,1250]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USNM</collectionCode>
84331, call acc. no. 2876.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CC1862FEE5FADF" bold="true" box="[198,350,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</emphasis>
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Total length of 
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: 
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. 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E5D5186DFB9AFADF" box="[735,1057,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Carapace length of 
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: 
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1835FE93FAB7" box="[197,296,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rostrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E6321835FE10FAB4" box="[312,427,1344,1370]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1a, b</figureCitation>
): equal to antennal scale. 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B7467C717E5DD1835FC8BFAB4" box="[727,816,1344,1370]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
in length. 0.74 × long as carapace. 13 teeth on dorsal margin leaving 0.4 of length distally unarmed. 3 post-orbital teeth. 14 teeth present on ventral margin leaving short distal end unarmed. Tip bifid. Formula (3) 13/14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF18CDFB96FA14" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF18CDFE01FA3F" box="[197,442,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Antennular peduncle</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E6C118CDFD9AFA3C" box="[459,545,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
): appendage damaged with third segment missing. Stylocerite 0.65 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.25 × second segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF1B7DFD0CF9A4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1B7DFEC0F9CF" box="[197,379,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">First pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E6811B7DFE64F9CC" box="[395,479,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
): dactylus equal to length of palm of propodus. Chela 1.8 × long as broad. Carpus 1.9 × long as broad. Anterior excavation deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF1B2DFDD5F904" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1B2DFE38F99F" box="[197,387,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Third pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E6991B2DFDBDF99C" box="[403,518,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1d, e</figureCitation>
): dactylus 3 × long as broad. 9 spines on dactylus, spine at anterior end absent due to damamge. Propodus 5 × long as dactylus and 13.5 × long as broad with 10 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.6 × long as propodus, with 4 spines on inner margin. Merus 1. 7 × longer than carpus length and with 3 large spines on inner margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF1B8DFC11F8FC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" box="[197,938,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1B8DFE01F8FF" box="[197,442,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">First female pleopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E6C01B8DFDA0F8FC" box="[458,539,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
): endopod 0.67 × long as exopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF1A55FCBFF8D4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" box="[197,772,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1A55FE62F8D7" box="[197,473,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sixth abdominal somite</emphasis>
: 0.66 × long as carapace.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7467C717E7CF1A3EFA98F832" blockId="4.[151,1436,1223,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7467C717E7CF1A3EFEB5F88A" box="[197,270,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7467C717E62B1A3FFE2EF88A" box="[289,405,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B7467C717E65D1A3FFECDF88A" box="[343,374,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
): narrow and tapering distally. 0.82 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 6 dorsal spines on one side and 5 on other side (including subterminal spine). Posterior margin converging to middle, ending in triangular median point, making posterior margin triangular. Other than one short spine, spines on posterior margin of telson missing, remnants suggest 1 pair of lateral spines and 2 pairs of short inner spines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39B7F67466C716E79D1AE4FC3BF803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" targetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7466C716E79D1AE4FC3BF803" blockId="5.[151,1436,1937,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7466C716E79D1AE4FEA2F847" bold="true" box="[151,281,1937,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7466C716E62A1AE4FD37F846" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[288,652,1937,1960]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7466C716E62A1AE4FE5AF846" box="[288,481,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caridina africana</emphasis>
Kingsley, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1DEDFD50FF5C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,747,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E7CF1DEDFEA4FF5F" box="[197,287,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Uropod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7465C715E63A1DEDFEC5FF5C" box="[304,382,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Fig. 
<date id="FFF8C1BE7465C715E66C1DEDFEC5FF5C" box="[358,382,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1i</date>
</figureCitation>
): 14 uropod diaeresis spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1DB5FDE7FF34" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,604,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E7CF1DB5FECDFF37" box="[197,374,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Preanal carina</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7465C715E68D1DB5FE6DFF34" box="[391,470,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1j</figureCitation>
): unarmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CB4F57465C71BE7CF1D92FD0CFCB4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1D92FBE4FEC4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E7CF1D92FE85FEEF" bold="true" box="[197,318,231,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E6401D9DFDB7FEEC" box="[330,524,232,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5981D9DFCA1FEEF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[658,794,232,257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5981D9DFCA1FEEF" box="[658,794,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Zululand, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE7465C715E4E61D9DFB31FEEC" box="[1004,1162,232,258]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E4E61D9DFB8BFEEC" box="[1004,1072,232,258]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
. He figured the lateral view of the cephalothorax and the first pereiopod together with a brief description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1C4DFADAFE94" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E61A1C4DFE11FEBC" box="[272,426,312,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34096" refString="Sharp, B. (1893) Catalogue of the Crustaceans in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1893, 104 - 127." type="journal article">Sharp (1893)</bibRefCitation>
compiled a catalogue of the crustaceans in the ANSP, and listed 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E3AA1C4DFF69FE94" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E3AA1C4DFA9EFEBF" box="[1184,1317,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E2271C4DFF69FE94" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E7EB1C15FEB2FE94" box="[225,265,352,378]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">No</collectingRegion>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF77465C715E61F1C15FEC7FE94" box="[277,380,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic" typeStatus="type">163 type</specimenCount>
) under family 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5201C15FD30FE94" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1849" box="[554,651,352,378]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Atyidae</taxonomicName>
. He also indicated that more than ten specimens were present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1CFDFA3DFDF4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E7CF1CFDFE32FE4C" box="[197,393,392,418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
, while revising the Family 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5DF1CFDFC8EFE4C" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1849" box="[725,821,392,418]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Atyidae</taxonomicName>
, provided a key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E3DB1CFDFA80FE4F" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[1233,1339,392,417]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E3DB1CFDFA80FE4F" box="[1233,1339,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caridina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and he examined “many” ‘type’ specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5621CC5FD54FE27" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[616,751,432,457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5621CC5FD54FE27" box="[616,751,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from ANSP. He limited the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E3FF1CC5FAC7FE27" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1269,1404,432,457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E3FF1CC5FAC7FE27" box="[1269,1404,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Zululand, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE7465C715E6051CADFE1DFE1C" box="[271,422,472,498]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E6051CADFEEFFE1C" box="[271,340,472,498]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
and provided a useful description of the species, noting “Having examined the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E2431CADFAC7FE1C" box="[1353,1404,472,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
of this species in the Museum of the Academy of Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, I can give the following details…….”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1F5DFE42FD54" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E7CF1F5DFF61FDAC" box="[197,218,552,578]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</collectingRegion>
review of literature referring to 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E56B1F5DFD53FDAF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[609,744,552,577]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E56B1F5DFD53FDAF" box="[609,744,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the present study revealed the necessity of examining the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E7C91F25FF4EFD84" box="[195,245,592,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
material of species. Such an examination would confirm the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E3581F25FB62FD87" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1106,1241,592,617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E3581F25FB62FD87" box="[1106,1241,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, corroborate the validity of a host of synonymies associated with this species, and verify the status of related taxa described as subspecies, varieties or forms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1FBDFDEDFCB4" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The USNM, made a single 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E5091FBDFD8EFD0C" box="[515,565,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5DA1FBDFCEEFD0F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[720,853,712,737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5DA1FBDFCEEFD0F" box="[720,853,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available for examination. This was a female registered USNM 84331: 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E6A71F85FD40FCE4" authority="Kingsley" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[429,763,752,778]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E6A71F85FD3EFCE7" box="[429,645,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caridina africana</emphasis>
Kingsley
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E4011F85FCD7FCE4" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1849" box="[779,876,752,778]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Atyidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E4711F85FC4EFCE4" box="[891,1013,752,778]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Decapoda</taxonomicName>
: Natal, Zululand, Sta; Grant; S. 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E27C1F85FA29FCE4" box="[1398,1426,752,778]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</collectingRegion>
., There is no doubt that this specimen is part of the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E4071E6DFC84FCDC" box="[781,831,792,818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
series, and although the female is damaged, it is described and illustrated (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7465C715E6CF1E35FDB2FCB4" box="[453,521,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1E1DFDA6FB04" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E7CF1E1DFEDBFC6C" box="[197,352,872,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34096" refString="Sharp, B. (1893) Catalogue of the Crustaceans in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1893, 104 - 127." type="journal article">Sharp (1893)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E6931E1DFDEDFC6C" box="[409,598,872,898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the presence of a series of specimens at ANSP so the Academy was approached for more specimens. The Academy confirmed that there was an entry in the hand written Carcinological catalog, Number 163, with a red dot confirming 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E4911ECDFC76FC3C" box="[923,973,952,978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
status with the following data, Name: 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E79D1E95FD93FC14" authority="Kingsley 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,552,992,1018]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E79D1E95FED6FC17" box="[151,365,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caridina africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E67D1E95FD93FC14" box="[375,552,992,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Locality: Zulu Land, S. Africa, Specimen Count: + [= many], Collector: [blank], Donor: S. 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E661197DFE3DFBCC" box="[363,390,1032,1058]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</collectingRegion>
. Grout, Notes: (Kingsley 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E5BC197DFD43FBCC" box="[694,760,1032,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
), [the &quot;u&quot; characters in Zulu and Grout are written with a breve (unicode 016D). However, this 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7465C715E55C1945FD33FBA4" box="[598,648,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
material was not included in the list of Academy specimens listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E7B1192DFE64FB9C" box="[187,479,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34135" refString="Spamer E. E. &amp; Bogan A. E. (1992) Part 2. Annotated Catalogue of Recent Type Specimens: Protozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Nemata, Nematophora, Annelida, Arthropoda (Merostomata, Pycnogonida and Crustacea), Brachiopoda and Echinodermata. Tryonia, No 26, Miscellaneous Publication of the Department of Malacology, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia General Invertebrate Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1 - 305." type="book chapter">Spamer &amp; Bogan (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunenatly, a curator at the Academy confirmed, “It is possible that there are specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E63219F5FE06FB77" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[312,445,1152,1177]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E63219F5FE06FB77" box="[312,445,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our collections, but they are not where they should be. I know there is a record of a single wet lot under this name, but as I have explained previously two of us have spent a considerable time searching for it without success.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF198DFE43FA8C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Consequently, the information derived from the single female, USNM 84331, together with the descriptions of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E7F01855FE01FAD4" box="[250,442,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E6FD1855FD0DFAD4" box="[503,694,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
have been assimilated to provide description of Kingsley’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E28B1855FF40FA8F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E28B1855FF40FA8F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1805FE4CF994" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
De Man (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E65D1805FD96FA64" box="[343,557,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E6A11805FE5CFA67" box="[427,487,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
1897
</bibRefCitation>
), considered the details provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E4E81805FB19FA64" box="[994,1186,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E3D71805FA20FA64" box="[1245,1435,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
as ‘short’, and redescribed 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E6DB18EDFDEDFA5F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[465,598,1432,1457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E6DB18EDFDEDFA5F" box="[465,598,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in detail from a male specimen captured in the 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E38A18EDFB7AFA5C" box="[1152,1217,1432,1458]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">River</collectingRegion>
Umholti near Verulum, Natal. This specimen is extant in ZMA, (
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5CE18B5FBB2FA34" authority=", Umholti" authorityName="Umholti" box="[708,1033,1472,1498]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5CE18B5FC24FA37" box="[708,927,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Caridina africana,</emphasis>
Umholti
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7465C715E31A18B5FBEAFA34" box="[1040,1105,1472,1498]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">River</collectingRegion>
by Verulum, Natal, coll. M. Weber, 1895, det. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E667189DFDA9F9EC" box="[365,530,1512,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">De Man 1897</bibRefCitation>
, ZMA De 202881, 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF77465C715E5F3189DFCF3F9EC" box="[761,840,1512,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
) and was examined for this present study (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7465C715E249189DFA2CF9EC" box="[1347,1431,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1616,1640]" captionTargetBox="[163,1430,192,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,159,1614]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 7. Caridina natalensis Bouvier, 1925 comb. nov., ZMA De 202881, Holotype ♂: a) Entire; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) Antennular peduncle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455880/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7465C715E79D1B65FF1CF9C4" box="[151,167,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,255,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[202,1382,207,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[201,1388,197,1886]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Caridina natalensis Bouvier, 1925 comb. nov., ZMA De 202881, Holotype ♂: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod; g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod; i) Second pleopod; j) Appendix masculina; k) Telson; l) Posterior margin of telson; m) Uropod diaeresis spinules; n) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455882/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8</figureCitation>
). De Man’s single male is not considered to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5EC1B65FCD6F9C7" box="[742,877,1552,1577]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5EC1B65FCD6F9C7" box="[742,877,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is here referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E3801B65FF60F9BC" authority="(Bouvier, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Bouvier" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E3801B65FA9FF9C7" box="[1162,1316,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. natalensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E23F1B65FF68F9BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref32745" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1925) Recherches sur la morphologie, les variations, la distribution geographique des Crevettes de la famille des Atyides. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Paris, 4, 1 - 370." type="journal article">Bouvier, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20186177465C715E7EE1B4DFED1F9BC" box="[228,362,1592,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, see the remarks for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E56D1B4DFCB9F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Bouvier" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[615,770,1592,1617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E56D1B4DFCB9F9BF" box="[615,770,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following details of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E3361B4DFAABF9BC" box="[1084,1296,1592,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley’s (1882)</bibRefCitation>
description for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E7CA1B15FEFDF997" box="[192,326,1632,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E7CA1B15FEFDF997" box="[192,326,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are of interest:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1BFDFEE5F91C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">“Carapax smooth, compressed; suborbital spine alone present; rostrum nearly as long as the carapax; its apex slightly reflexed and armed above and below with minute teeth. Peduncle of antennulae about as long as the rostrum,…..”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1A75FAD6F8AC" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">“Ambulatory feet very slender, short, the carpus of first pair about as long as the palm, of the second as long as the hand …..., Dactyli of the three posterior pairs of feet ….about one fifth of the propodal joints”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1A25FB28F884" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,1171,1872,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">“Telson narrow, the sides straight and but slightly converging to the truncate tip…”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C715E7CF1A0DFF45F854" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
From 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7465C715E6051A0DFE59F87C" box="[271,482,1912,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann’s (1894)</bibRefCitation>
description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7465C715E5961A0DFC9FF87F" box="[668,804,1912,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7465C715E5961A0DFC9FF87F" box="[668,804,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the following morphological feature are considered relevant:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7465C714E7CF1ABDFB93FF5C" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">“Rostrum as long as the stalk of the antennulae. Teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum 10–15, not con- tinued up to the tip, 1–2 teeth at the tip; teeth on the ventral margin are 7–12.”</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF1DB5FA28FEC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
“Carpus of first pereiopod, twice as long as broad, a little shorter than hand, fingers equal to palm; Carpus of second pereiopod, four times long as broad, little longer than hand, finger about 1.5 times palm; Dactylus of fourth pereiopod about 1/5 times propodus; 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E5B01C65FD65FEC4" box="[698,734,272,298]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No</collectingRegion>
fifth pereiopod was available in the preserved specimens”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF1C4DFE09FDF4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
From the present examination of the damaged female 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7464C714E4481C4DFCCEFEBC" box="[834,885,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
specimen, the rostrum was reconstructed (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB7464C714E2661C4DFF6FFE94" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[191,1392,188,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1428,185,1973]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, USNM 84331, Type ♀: a) Lateral view of rostrum; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax; c) First pereiopod; d) Third pereiopod; e) Dactylus of third pereiopod; f) First pleopod; g) Telson; h) Posterior margin of telson, i) Uropod diaeresis spinules, j) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455868/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1a, b</figureCitation>
), the first pereiopod together with the third and fourth were available but detached from the specimen and the telson was intact. Consequently the description in this study is based on data obtained by re-examination of the only extant 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7464C714E6B21CC5FE50FE24" box="[440,491,432,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
specimen, and from the works of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4961CC5FBE4FE24" box="[924,1119,432,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E3A81CC5FAD3FE24" box="[1186,1384,432,458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E2721CC5FA27FE24" box="[1400,1436,432,458]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No</collectingRegion>
descriptive information was available for the fifth pereiopod, first and second pleopods of male, and the number and size of the eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF1F5DFD6EFD54" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6B21F5DFDFBFDAF" box="[440,576,552,577]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6B21F5DFDFBFDAF" box="[440,576,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E5E61F5DFC1AFDAC" box="[748,929,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32964" refString="Gordon, I. (1933) Scientific results of the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930 - 1 - 14. - Crustacea Macrura (prawns). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 38, 351 - 362." type="journal article">Gordon (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4BA1F5DFBD1FDAC" box="[944,1130,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32553" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive Catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea. Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 864." type="journal article">Barnard (1950)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E3721F5DFA83FDAC" box="[1144,1336,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33411" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1951) The Caridean Crustacea of Tropical West Africa. Scientific results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa 1945 - 46. Atlantide Report, 2, 1 - 187." type="journal article">Holthuis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E24D1F5DFF53FD84" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33721" refString="Monod, T. (1968) Contribution a l'etude des eaux douces de l'Ennedi, Bulletin de l'I. F. A. N. T. 30, A, 4, 1350 - 1353." type="journal article">Monod (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E7F01F25FE04FD84" box="[250,447,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33589" refString="Magnetti, P. A. (1980) Ritrovamento di Caridina africana Kingsley 1882 (Crustacea Decapoda) in Uganda. Researche zoologiche in Uganda. Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei, 377, Quaderno No. 250, 41 - 44." type="book chapter">Magnetti (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E50F1F25FC2CFD84" box="[517,919,592,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33454" refString="Hussein, M. A. &amp; Obuid-Allah, A. H. (1990) External morphology of the freshwater prawn Caridina africana collected from Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East, 4, 71 - 84." type="journal article">Hussein and Obuid-Allah (1990)</bibRefCitation>
are all referred here to 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E3C51F25FADCFD87" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[1231,1383,592,617]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3C51F25FADCFD87" box="[1231,1383,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As observed in the present study the 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E5221F0DFD15FD7F" box="[552,686,632,657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E5221F0DFD15FD7F" box="[552,686,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of De Man (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4661F0DFBFAFD7C" box="[876,1089,632,658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E4CA1F0DFC4EFD7F" box="[960,1013,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 1897
</bibRefCitation>
) is not 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E3971F0DFF6EFD54" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3971F0DFA9FFD7F" box="[1181,1316,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E2271F0DFF6EFD54" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; see below in the remarks for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E53F1FD5FD75FD57" baseAuthorityName="Bouvier" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[565,718,672,697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E53F1FD5FD75FD57" box="[565,718,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF1FBDFDE2FB74" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
While describing 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6931FBDFD97FD0F" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[409,556,712,737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6931FBDFD97FD0F" box="[409,556,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Bismarkberg, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE7464C714E4151FBDFC2BFD0C" box="[799,912,712,738]" name="Ghana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Togoland</collectingCountry>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4971FBDFB38FD0C" box="[925,1155,712,738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33277" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1893 a) Die von Herrn Dr. Buttner im Togolande gesammelten Onisciden und zwei neue Macruren. Sitzungs - Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, 152 - 157." type="journal article">Hilgendorf (1893a)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the dactylus of fifth pereiopod was longer in his new species than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E47C1F85FC45FCE7" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[886,1022,752,777]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E47C1F85FC45FCE7" box="[886,1022,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, he did not describe the spinulation of the posterior margin of the telson. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4171E6DFC47FCDC" box="[797,1020,792,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33348" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1898) Die Land- und Susswasser-Dekapoden Ostafrikas. In: Mobius, K. (ed.) Band IV. Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Naehbergebiete. Wirbellose Thgiere. Deutsch Ost-Afrika Wissenschaftliche Forschungsresuitate uber Land und Leute unseres ostafrikenischen Schutzgebietes und der angrenzenden Lander. Berlin, Dietrich Rimmer. 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article">Hilgendorf, (1898)</bibRefCitation>
, described a new variety namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E28B1E6DFE79FCB7" authorityName=", Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1898" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="togoensis" variety="stuhlmanni">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E28B1E6DFEBDFCB7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E64A1E35FE79FCB7" box="[320,450,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stuhlmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Bach bei, Undussuma. He made reference to a new description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E21C1E35FA27FCB7" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1302,1436,832,857]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E21C1E35FA27FCB7" box="[1302,1436,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by De Man (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E6401E1DFDA7FC6C" box="[330,540,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6971E1DFE6AFC6F" box="[413,465,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 1897
</bibRefCitation>
) of a specimen from Zululand, Natal. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4D41E1DFB0FFC6C" box="[990,1204,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33348" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1898) Die Land- und Susswasser-Dekapoden Ostafrikas. In: Mobius, K. (ed.) Band IV. Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Naehbergebiete. Wirbellose Thgiere. Deutsch Ost-Afrika Wissenschaftliche Forschungsresuitate uber Land und Leute unseres ostafrikenischen Schutzgebietes und der angrenzenden Lander. Berlin, Dietrich Rimmer. 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article">Hilgendorf (1898)</bibRefCitation>
then suggested that his 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E7CB1EE5FEE9FC47" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[193,338,912,937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E7CB1EE5FEE9FC47" box="[193,338,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6811EE5FD1DFC47" authorityName=", Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1898" box="[395,678,912,937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="togoensis" variety="stuhlmanni">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6811EE5FD1DFC47" box="[395,678,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis stuhlmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were closer to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E48F1EE5FBB0FC47" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[901,1035,912,937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E48F1EE5FBB0FC47" box="[901,1035,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of De Man (in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E3C81EE5FA2FFC44" box="[1218,1428,912,938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref34225" refString="Weber, M., De Meijere, J. C. H. &amp; De Man, J. G. (1897) 3. Die decapoden Crustaceen des Susswassers von Sud-Africa. In: Weber, M. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. Zoologieherg Jahrbucher, 10, 170 - 174." type="journal article">
Weber 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E21F1EE5FAF2FC47" box="[1301,1353,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 1897
</bibRefCitation>
) particularly in possessing pinnate bristles at the hind end of the telson. This conclusion of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E3CF1ECDFA26FC3C" box="[1221,1437,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33348" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1898) Die Land- und Susswasser-Dekapoden Ostafrikas. In: Mobius, K. (ed.) Band IV. Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Naehbergebiete. Wirbellose Thgiere. Deutsch Ost-Afrika Wissenschaftliche Forschungsresuitate uber Land und Leute unseres ostafrikenischen Schutzgebietes und der angrenzenden Lander. Berlin, Dietrich Rimmer. 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article">Hilgendorf (1898)</bibRefCitation>
probably resulted in the identification of the specimens with the characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E3151E95FB0BFC17" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[1055,1200,992,1018]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3151E95FB89FC17" box="[1055,1074,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E34B1E95FB0BFC17" box="[1089,1200,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E3DF1E95FAE1FC17" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1237,1370,992,1017]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3DF1E95FAE1FC17" box="[1237,1370,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This present study reveals 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E69E197DFD9DFBCF" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[404,550,1032,1057]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E69E197DFD9DFBCF" box="[404,550,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E547197DFC8BFBCC" box="[589,816,1032,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33277" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1893 a) Die von Herrn Dr. Buttner im Togolande gesammelten Onisciden und zwei neue Macruren. Sitzungs - Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, 152 - 157." type="journal article">Hilgendorf (1893a)</bibRefCitation>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E4C6197DFBEAFBCF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[972,1105,1032,1057]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E4C6197DFBEAFBCF" box="[972,1105,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more teeth on the dorsal margin of rostrum that are arranged either up to the tip of the rostrum or with an unarmed distal dorsal margin, fewer teeth on ventral margin of rostrum, the tip of the rostrum always pointed, and in possessing a longer dactylus on the fifth pereiopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF19DDFCBFFA34" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E7CF19DDFECEFB2C" box="[197,373,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32670" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1905) Observations Nouvelles sur les Crevettes de la Famille des Atyides. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 39, 57 - 134." type="journal article">Bouvier (1905</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E68C19DDFE7FFB2C" box="[390,452,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32706" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1913) Les Caridines des Seychelles, The Percy sladen Trust Expedition, 28. Transactions of the Linnaen Society, London (2), 15, 447 - 472." type="journal article">1913</bibRefCitation>
), in his key to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E43F19DDFC24FB2F" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[821,927,1192,1217]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E43F19DDFC24FB2F" box="[821,927,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caridina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, provides distinguishing characters for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E28B19DDFEBDFB07" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E28B19DDFEBDFB07" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E61E19A5FE73FB04" box="[276,456,1232,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32670" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1905) Observations Nouvelles sur les Crevettes de la Famille des Atyides. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 39, 57 - 134." type="journal article">Bouvier (1905)</bibRefCitation>
dealt with 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E54119A5FD6BFB07" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[587,720,1232,1257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E54119A5FD6BFB07" box="[587,720,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E40319A5FC21FB07" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[777,922,1232,1257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E40319A5FC21FB07" box="[777,922,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the basis of the proportion of the dactylus of the fifth pereiopod to the propodus, “sont plus courts que le 1/3” in 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E31C198DFAD3FAFC" authority="Kingsley (1882)" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1046,1384,1272,1298]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E31C198DFB25FAFF" box="[1046,1182,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E3AD198DFAD3FAFC" box="[1191,1384,1272,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and “ont environ le 1/3” in 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6A01855FC90FAD4" authority="Hilgendorf (1893 a)" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[426,811,1312,1338]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6A01855FD87FAD7" box="[426,572,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E54E1855FC90FAD4" box="[580,811,1312,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33277" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1893 a) Die von Herrn Dr. Buttner im Togolande gesammelten Onisciden und zwei neue Macruren. Sitzungs - Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, 152 - 157." type="journal article">Hilgendorf (1893a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. He also indicated that the rostral formula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E24F1855FF6BFA8F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E24F1855FF6BFA8F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was 10–15/4–12 and the “Rostre á peu près aussi long ou un peu plus long que pedoncule antennulaires, Carène dorsale inerme en avant ” and that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E5AD1805FC83FA67" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[679,824,1392,1417]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E5AD1805FC83FA67" box="[679,824,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 3+14/6 and “Rostre atteignant environ l’extremité des pedoncules antennulaires, Rostre garni de dents jusqu’au bout”. The key of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E37F18EDFA90FA5C" box="[1141,1323,1432,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32670" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1905) Observations Nouvelles sur les Crevettes de la Famille des Atyides. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 39, 57 - 134." type="journal article">Bouvier (1905)</bibRefCitation>
indicates the distinction between 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6A418B5FD88FA37" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[430,563,1472,1497]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6A418B5FD88FA37" box="[430,563,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E56618B5FD46FA37" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[620,765,1472,1497]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E56618B5FD46FA37" box="[620,765,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C714E7CF189DFA88F91C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
While describing 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E69D189DFDA6F9EF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[407,541,1512,1537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E69D189DFDA6F9EF" box="[407,541,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forme 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E578189DFD02F9EF" box="[626,697,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">typica</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E5C3189DFCC5F9EC" box="[713,894,1512,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32745" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1925) Recherches sur la morphologie, les variations, la distribution geographique des Crevettes de la famille des Atyides. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Paris, 4, 1 - 370." type="journal article">Bouvier (1925)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the number of teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E21C189DFA20F9EF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1302,1435,1512,1537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E21C189DFA20F9EF" box="[1302,1435,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 10–15 on the dorsal margin leaving the distal margin unarmed and 7–12 teeth on the ventral margin (as rightly described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E6801B4DFD80F9BC" box="[394,571,1592,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E57E1B4DFC90F9BC" box="[628,811,1592,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann, 1894</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4B31B4DFBD6F9BC" box="[953,1133,1592,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32745" refString="Bouvier, E. L. (1925) Recherches sur la morphologie, les variations, la distribution geographique des Crevettes de la famille des Atyides. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Paris, 4, 1 - 370." type="journal article">Bouvier (1925)</bibRefCitation>
identified his one ovigerous female with a 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E6761B15FDA9F997" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[380,530,1632,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E6761B15FDA9F997" box="[380,530,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
like arrangement of teeth on the rostrum (formula 3+19/9) as 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E2191B15FA27F997" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1299,1436,1632,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E2191B15FA27F997" box="[1299,1436,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forme 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E7ED1BFDFE95F94F" box="[231,302,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">typica</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E64A1BFDFE48F94C" box="[320,499,1672,1698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref32964" refString="Gordon, I. (1933) Scientific results of the Cambridge Expedition to the East African Lakes, 1930 - 1 - 14. - Crustacea Macrura (prawns). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 38, 351 - 362." type="journal article">Gordon (1933)</bibRefCitation>
who described 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E5BF1BFDFC86F94F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[693,829,1672,1697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E5BF1BFDFC86F94F" box="[693,829,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Edward, probably 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E3BB1BFDFAA0F94C" box="[1201,1307,1672,1698]" country="Uganda" name="Kampala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kampala</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E2501BFDFA23F94C" box="[1370,1432,1672,1698]" country="Uganda" name="Arua" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Arua</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E79D1BC5FF6AF924" box="[151,209,1712,1738]" country="Cameroon" name="West" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">West</collectingRegion>
Nile, recognised the differences in rostral formula between her 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E4DF1BC5FBE6F927" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[981,1117,1712,1737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E4DF1BC5FBE6F927" box="[981,1117,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E3911BC5FF6FF91C" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3911BC5FA99F927" box="[1179,1314,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E2271BC5FF6FF91C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and wrote, “The rostral formula is not quite the same as that given by Kingsley and Ortmann”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7464C71BE7CF1A75FF56FEC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E7CF1A75FE22F8F7" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[197,409,1792,1817]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E7CF1A75FE22F8F7" box="[197,409,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caridina africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is to date reported only from the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC7464C714E42A1A75FCE8F8F4" box="[800,851,1792,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality, Zululand, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE7464C714E33D1A75FB6AF8F4" box="[1079,1233,1792,1818]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E33D1A75FBC0F8F4" box="[1079,1147,1792,1818]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
. Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E28B1A75FF40F8AF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E28B1A75FF40F8AF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from other regions of Africa are not the species of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4DA1A5DFB2FF8AC" box="[976,1172,1832,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
. They either belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E79D1A25FE93F887" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,296,1872,1897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E79D1A25FE93F887" box="[151,296,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or are new species. The illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7464C714E5E71A25FCC9F887" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[749,882,1872,1897]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E5E71A25FCC9F887" box="[749,882,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E4941A25FBDDF884" box="[926,1126,1872,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33136" refString="Hart, R. C., Stewart, B. A. &amp; Bickerton, I. B. (2001) Decapoda. In: Day, J. A., Stewart, B. A. De Moor, I. J. &amp; Louw A. E. (Ed) Crustacea 3, Bathynellacea, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Spelaeogriphacea, Tanaidacea, Decapoda. Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of South Africa. Prepared for the Water Research Commission, WRC Report. TT 141 / 01. 4, 87 - 124." type="journal article">
Hart 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E4D31A25FC55F887" box="[985,1006,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et</emphasis>
a 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7464C714E3081A25FBB1F887" box="[1026,1034,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">l</emphasis>
. (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
indicates that the arrangement of the teeth on the rostrum is similar to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F7464C714E5A21A0DFCC5F87C" box="[680,894,1912,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley’s (1882)</bibRefCitation>
. The reduced number of post-orbital teeth and upwardly turned rostrum suggested that these could be a different species. 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C7464C714E30C1AD5FBA0F854" box="[1030,1051,1952,1978]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</collectingRegion>
sample of 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF77464C714E3941AD5FAB1F854" box="[1182,1290,1952,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
, six females and one juvenile collected by Rob Hart from Cabris Road Stream, Hay fields, Pietermatrizburg, Natal, were examined. Unfortunately the rostrum and telson of most specimens were damaged. However, the variation in the number of setobranchs suggested that the sample might contain more than one species. Though it was possible that the damaged sample may contain 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE5AF1D9DFC96FEEF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[677,813,232,257]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE5AF1D9DFC96FEEF" box="[677,813,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the identification of the material could not be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1C4DFDEFFE1C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The figures, morphometric features and taxonomic characters given by Bello-Olusoji 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE3B61C4DFB4AFEBF" box="[1212,1265,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2004) for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE28B1C4DFF40FE97" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE28B1C4DFF40FE97" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Erin-Ijesha water falls, 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746BC71BE5511C15FD22FE94" box="[603,665,352,378]" country="Nigeria" name="Osun" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Osun</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746BC71BE5ED1C15FC84FE94" box="[743,831,352,378]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
provide no clues to the real identity of their specimens. Based on the locality of the collection site, the material of Bello-Olusoji 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE3421CFDFBC0FE4F" box="[1096,1147,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2004) could belong to any of the species reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746BC71BE51E1CC5FDD7FE24" box="[532,620,432,458]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
in the present study. It is however, certain that it is not the 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE21D1CC5FA27FE27" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1303,1436,432,457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE21D1CC5FA27FE27" box="[1303,1436,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Kingsley as described in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1F75FD0CFCB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The apparent loss of most of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE5481F75FD7DFDF7" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[578,710,512,537]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE5481F75FD7DFDF7" box="[578,710,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746BC71BE5C71F75FD44FDF4" box="[717,767,512,538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series, which is reported to be ‘more than 10 specimens’, is tragic because a full description of this species including variation is now difficult. Extensive collections of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE79D1F25FE52FD84" authority="Kingsley (1882)" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,489,592,618]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE79D1F25FEA5FD87" box="[151,286,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746BC71BE6221F25FE52FD84" box="[296,489,592,618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746BC71BE5681F25FD2FFD84" box="[610,660,592,618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
locality, including males, ovigerous females and juveniles could provide more information on pereiopods, especially that of fifth pereiopod, first and second pleopods of male, egg size. However, material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE5181FD5FDC7FD57" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[530,636,672,697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE5181FD5FDC7FD57" box="[530,636,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caridina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the collections of the SAM, 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746BC71BE4F41FD5FB80FD54" box="[1022,1083,672,698]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town and the AM, Grahamstown, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746BC71BE7E11FBDFE39FD0C" box="[235,386,712,738]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746BC71BE7E11FBDFE94FD0C" box="[235,303,712,738]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
were examined. One lot from the SAM, SAM 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746BC71BE4AD1FBDFC07FD0C" box="[935,956,712,738]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</collectingRegion>
3133, containing two males, two ovigerous females, five females and one juvenile collected from Umbilo 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746BC71BE4B31F85FC41FCE4" box="[953,1018,752,778]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">River</collectingRegion>
pools, Pine Town, Natal, 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE23C1F85FA26FCE4" box="[1334,1437,752,778]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 miles</quantity>
from sea, appeared to be morphologically closer to the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746BC71BE43B1E6DFCD8FCDC" box="[817,867,792,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746BC71BE30C1E6DFB35FCDF" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[1030,1166,792,817]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE30C1E6DFB35FCDF" box="[1030,1166,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined here. These specimens are illustrated and described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CB4F5746BC71FE7CC1E12FDD8FF34" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CC1E12FC54FC6C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[198,1007,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CC1E12FEE5FC6F" bold="true" box="[198,350,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE66C1E1DFE4AFC6F" box="[358,497,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Total length</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE50B1E1DFD39FC6C" box="[513,642,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE5841E1DFCE9FC6F" box="[654,850,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Carapace length</emphasis>
: 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE46B1E1DFC51FC6C" box="[865,1002,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.375" metricValueMax="5.75" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.375" valueMax="5.75" valueMin="5.0">5–5.75 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1EE5FD44FBCC" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1EE5FE93FC47" box="[197,296,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rostrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6311EE5FE75FC44" box="[315,462,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[216,1428,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,173,1816]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133. ♀ a) Entire; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax. ♀: c) Anterior region of cephalothorax; d) Antennular peduncle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2a, b, c</figureCitation>
): straight, extending to peduncle or equal to antennal scale. 4.0– 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE3DB1EE5FA98FC44" box="[1233,1315,912,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9mm</quantity>
in length, 0.8–0.9 × long as carapace.11–20 teeth present on dorsal margin leaving 0.35–0.5 of length distally unarmed. 3–4 post-orbital teeth. 9–17 teeth on ventral margin arranged from proximal end to tip. Tip normally bifid, one specimen with acute tip. Formula (3–4) 11–20/9–17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1945FB59FB9C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1945FE01FBA7" box="[197,442,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Antennular peduncle</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6C01945FD99FBA4" box="[458,546,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[216,1428,192,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,173,1816]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133. ♀ a) Entire; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax. ♀: c) Anterior region of cephalothorax; d) Antennular peduncle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
): 0.6–0.7 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.2–0.25 × second segment. 8–10 segments bearing aesthetascs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF19F5FCD3FB2C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF19F5FEC5FB77" box="[197,382,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">First pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE69A19F5FE53FB74" box="[400,488,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
): dactylus 1.0–1.1 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.0–2.2 × long as broad. Carpus 1.7–1.9 × long as broad, with moderate excavation anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF19A5FDB5FAFC" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF19A5FE23FB07" box="[197,408,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Second pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6A219A5FDBBFB04" box="[424,512,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
): dactylus 1.1–1.3 × long as palm of propodus. Chela 2.5–2.7 × long as broad. Carpus 4.1–4.3 × long as broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1855FEA5FA34" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1855FE39FAD7" box="[197,386,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Third pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6981855FDBFFAD4" box="[402,516,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3c, d</figureCitation>
): dactylus 2.7–3 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varied from 9–11 (including terminal spines). Propodus 4.5–5 × long as dactylus and 11–13 × long as broad with 9–14 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.65–0.7 × long as propodus, with 1 large spine and 4–5 small spines on inner margin. Merus 1.5–1.7 × carpus length. Merus with 3 large spines along posterior margin. Ischium with one large spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF189DFA84F994" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF189DFEC6F9EF" box="[197,381,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fifth pereiopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE685189DFDBAF9EC" box="[399,513,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3e, f</figureCitation>
): dactylus 3.75–4.2 × long as broad with 45–55 spines arranged in comb-like fashion on inner margin. Propodus 15–17 × long as broad and 4.1–5 × long as dactylus with 45–55 spines arranged along posterior margin. Carpus 0.5–0.6 × propodus length and with one large spine and 4–6 minute spines along inner margin. Merus 1.4–1.6 × carpus length, with 2 large spines along posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1BFDFDF5F94C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,590,1672,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1BFDFEEDF94F" box="[197,342,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Setobranchs</emphasis>
: 4 on all pereiopods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1BC5FB45F924" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,1278,1712,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1BC5FE1EF927" box="[197,421,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">First male pleopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6BF1BC5FD92F924" box="[437,553,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE6E61BC5FDB0F924" box="[492,523,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
): endopod 0.45–0.55 × exopod length; with appendix interna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1BADFC67F91C" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,988,1752,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1BADFE02F91F" box="[197,441,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">First female pleopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6C01BADFDA0F91C" box="[458,539,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 
<date id="FFF8C1BE746BC71BE50B1BADFDA0F91C" box="[513,539,1752,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3i</date>
</figureCitation>
): endopod 0.5–0.65 × long as exopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1A75FCF8F8F4" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,835,1792,1818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1A75FEBBF8F7" box="[197,256,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eggs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE61A1A75FEDAF8F4" box="[272,353,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3j</figureCitation>
): 45–55, 1.0–1.1 × 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE54C1A75FD52F8F4" box="[582,745,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.75mm</quantity>
in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1A5DFAFBF8AC" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,1344,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1A5DFE7BF8AF" box="[197,448,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Second male pleopod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE6DA1A5DFD86F8AC" box="[464,573,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3k, l</figureCitation>
): appendix masculina 1.9–2.1 × appendix interna, 0.4 × endopod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1A25FC92F884" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" box="[197,809,1872,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1A25FE00F887" box="[197,443,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sixth abdominal som</emphasis>
ite: 0.5–0.6 × long as carapace.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746BC71BE7CF1A0EFC4BF80A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746BC71BE7CF1A0EFEB5F87A" box="[197,270,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746BC71BE62B1A0FFE26F87A" box="[289,413,1914,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746BC71BE65D1A0FFEC4F87A" box="[343,383,1914,1940]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
, n
</figureCitation>
): 1.0–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 5 or 6 pairs of dorsal spines (including subterminal spines). Posterior margin triangular converging to median pointed process with 1 pair of lateral spines and two pairs of shorter inner spines. All spines sparsely plumose.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF39B7F6746AC71AE79D1A47FCB3F882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455870/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,255,1842,1866]" targetBox="[216,1428,192,1793]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746AC71AE79D1A47FCB3F882" blockId="9.[151,1435,1842,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746AC71AE79D1A47FEA0F8A4" bold="true" box="[151,283,1842,1866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746AC71AE62E1A47FD2DF8A7" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[292,662,1842,1865]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746AC71AE62E1A47FE53F8A7" box="[292,488,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Caridina africana</emphasis>
Kingsley, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, SAM A 3133. ♀ a) Entire; b) Anterior region of cephalothorax. ♀: c) Anterior region of cephalothorax; d) Antennular peduncle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF39B7F67469C719E79D1A06FC0FF81D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" targetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7469C719E79D1A06FC0FF81D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1907,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7469C719E79D1A06FEA7F865" bold="true" box="[151,284,1907,1931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7469C719E62D1A01FD26F865" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[295,669,1908,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7469C719E62D1A01FE50F865" box="[295,491,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Caridina africana</emphasis>
Kingsley, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF39B7F67468C718E79D1A1FFAE0F805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" targetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E7468C718E79D1A1FFAE0F805" blockId="11.[151,1436,1898,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7468C718E79D1A1FFEA2F86C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1898,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7468C718E62A1A1FFE61F86F" box="[288,474,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7468C718E62A1A1FFE3BF86F" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[288,384,1898,1921]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caridina</taxonomicName>
nilotica
</emphasis>
(P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD7468C718E5071AF8FBBEF84D" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[525,1029,1932,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C7468C718E5071AF8FD4BF84A" box="[525,752,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caridina longirostris</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF1DEDFD60FF5C" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,731,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7CF1DEDFEA4FF5F" box="[197,287,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Uropod</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE63A1DEDFE3CFF5C" box="[304,391,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3o</figureCitation>
): 11 or 12 diaeresis spinules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF1DB5FDD8FF34" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,611,192,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7CF1DB5FECDFF37" box="[197,374,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Preanal carina</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE68D1DB5FE64FF34" box="[391,479,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[197,1378,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1395,182,1886]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Caridina africana Kingsley, 1882, SAM A 3133, ♀: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Dactylus of third pereiopod; e) Fifth pereiopod; f) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod. ♂: g) First pleopod; h) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: i) First pleopod; j) Eggs. ♂: k) Second pleopod; l) Appendix masculina; m) Telson; n) Posterior margin of telson; o) Uropod diaeresis spinules; p) Preanal carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455872/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3p</figureCitation>
): unarmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CB4F5746FC71FE7CF1D9DFE52F994" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF1D9DFE6AFD0C" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The SAM 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746FC71FE64F1D9DFEE1FEEC" box="[325,346,232,258]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</collectingRegion>
3133 material collected from Pine Town, Natal, seems to agree well with the observations made on the female 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE6891C65FE0EFEC4" box="[387,437,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen and with the descriptions of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE4771C65FB87FEC4" box="[893,1084,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley (1882)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE37F1C65FA8DFEC4" box="[1141,1334,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
. In comparison with the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE6561C4DFE34FEBC" box="[348,399,312,338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
material, however, the following points should be considered. With respect to the SAM material, the adult is larger (
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE6E71C15FDD1FE94" box="[493,618,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35mm</quantity>
), the rostrum is straight, extending up to the antennular peduncle or equal to the scale. Three or four post-orbital teeth are present. Teeth on the dorsal margin arranged proximally leaving 0.35–0.50 unarmed. The tip of the rostrum is bifid (one specimen had an acute tip). The teeth on the ventral margin are arranged from the proximal end up to the tip with a rostral formula of (3–4) 11–20/9–17. This is similar (though the number of teeth is more) to the rostral formula given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE3671F75FA90FDF4" box="[1133,1323,512,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
as 10–15 (not continued to the tip, one or two at the tip) 7–12 and as observed in the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE30E1F5DFB8DFDAC" box="[1028,1078,552,578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen (3) 13/14. The measurements of pereiopods are close to the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE5721F25FD10FD84" box="[632,683,592,618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen, particularly third pereiopod with propodus 4.5–5.0 × the dactylus and fifth pereiopod with propodus 3.75–4.20 × dactylus. The telson has a triangular posterior margin with a median point. The uropod diaeresis has 11 or 12 spinules (
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE4E61FD5FB93FD54" box="[1004,1064,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE3501FD5FB37FD54" box="[1114,1164,672,698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen) and preanal carina without spinulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF1F85FDD3FB04" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The spines on the posterior margin of the telson are damaged on the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE4F91F85FB9DFCE4" box="[1011,1062,752,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen except for one spine, but there are traces of 1 pair of lateral spines and two pairs of inner spines. Further, there is no evidence from the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE7C91E35FF4DFCB4" box="[195,246,832,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
as to the length of the lateral spines. In the SAM 
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3133 specimens, the telsons possess a triangular posterior margin with a median process, and 3 or 4 pairs of spines that are either equal in length or with the inner spines shorter than the laterals. Considering the similarity in the arrangement of the teeth on the rostrum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE7BC1ECDFE80FC3F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[182,315,952,977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7BC1ECDFE80FC3F" box="[182,315,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE6401ECDFE7DFC3F" box="[330,454,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. nilotica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE6DF1ECDFDC0FC3C" box="[469,635,952,978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref34018" refString="Roux, P. (1833) Lettre relative a divers Coquilles, Crustaces. Insectes, Reptiles et Oiseaux, observes en Egypte. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Paris, 28, 72 - 78." type="journal article">P. Roux, 1833</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE5B61ECDFB35FC3C" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[700,1166,952,978]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE5B61ECDFCDDFC3F" box="[700,870,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. longirostris</emphasis>
H. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE4851ECDFB35FC3C" box="[911,1166,952,978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33683" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1837) Histoire naturelle naturelle des Crustaces, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Paris, Librairie de Roret, 2, 1 - 532." type="journal article">Milne Edwards, 1837</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens of 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE2311ECDFF00FC17" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. nilotica</emphasis>
were examined from Hermilik canal, 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746FC71FE57D1E95FD06FC14" box="[631,701,992,1018]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(NHM 1922.11.22.36–55) and the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE3501E95FB37FC14" box="[1114,1164,992,1018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE23E1E95FF58FBCF" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE23E1E95FF58FBCF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746FC71FE634197DFE22FBCC" box="[318,409,1032,1058]" name="Algeria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Algerie</collectingCountry>
, Riv. De la Macta, Pred’ de 
<collectingCountry id="F351A7EE746FC71FE426197DFCDCFBCC" box="[812,871,1032,1058]" name="Algeria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746FC71FE426197DFCDCFBCC" box="[812,871,1032,1058]" country="Algeria" name="Oran" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oran</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
(MNHN Na 746: 2♂, 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF7746FC71FE3A9197DFB6FFBF5" box="[1187,1236,1031,1058]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
, cotypes NHM 1907.1.7.26–27, 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF7746FC71FE6551945FE39FBAD" box="[351,386,1071,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
; NHM 1955.5.3.57–59 1♂, 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF7746FC71FE5DF1945FD43FBAD" box="[725,760,1071,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE4191945FC51FBA7" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[787,1002,1072,1097]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE4191945FC51FBA7" box="[787,1002,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caridina africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE3861945FAB1FBA7" box="[1164,1290,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. nilotica</emphasis>
in having a straight rostrum that is equal to antennular peduncle or reaching as far as the end of the antennal scale, 3 or 4 post-orbital teeth, teeth on dorsal margin within lesser range being 11–20 having a triangular posterior margin of the telson with a median process, always having 10 or more uropod spinules (10–14) and in having 45– 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF7746FC71FE28A19DDFF76FB04" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="egg">55 eggs</specimenCount>
of 1.0–1.1 × 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE66119A5FDB5FB04" box="[363,526,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.75mm</quantity>
in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF198DFBF2FA64" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7CF198DFE2AFAFF" box="[197,401,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE7CF198DFE94FAFF" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[197,303,1272,1297]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caridina</taxonomicName>
nilotica
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE6A8198DFE4CFAFC" box="[418,503,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
) has an upturned rostrum that is longer than the antennal scale (rarely equal to scale), rostral formula (1–3) 10–28/10–28 mostly (1–2) 14–24/13–19, 1–3 pairs (usually 1 pair) of short and stout spines on the posterior margin of the telson (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE5E3183DFCE7FA8C" box="[745,860,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4b, c</figureCitation>
) which is almost flat and not protruding, uropod diaeresis spinules are 7–12 and 85– 
<specimenCount id="9D402CF7746FC71FE53C1805FD1BFA64" box="[566,672,1392,1418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="egg">140 eggs</specimenCount>
of 0.5–0.85 × 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE4461805FC54FA64" box="[844,1007,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.55mm</quantity>
in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF18EDFE52F994" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE7CF18EDFE7AFA5F" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[197,449,1432,1457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7CF18EDFE7AFA5F" box="[197,449,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caridina longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be differentiated by smaller size of adult, 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE30518EDFB32FA5C" box="[1039,1161,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20mm</quantity>
. The rostrum (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE23618EDFA28FA5C" box="[1340,1427,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
) equal in length to antennal scale or longer with a rostral formula (1–2) 14–20/13–16 and turned upwards. The stylocerite is 0.8–0.9 × first segment with telson (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE5D4189DFC94F9EC" box="[734,815,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
) tapering towards posterior margin that ends sharply triangular with 1 pair of longer lateral spines and 2 pairs of shorter spines. The endopod of first male pleopod (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE7951B4DFF4CF9BC" box="[159,247,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Fig. 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE7D21B4DFF4CF9BC" box="[216,247,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) does not possess an appendix interna, but the anterior margin of the endopod with a cleft. Preanal carina with a spine (
<figureCitation id="137DFBFB746FC71FE6891B15FE67F994" box="[387,476,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,202,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1874]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833), NHM 1922.11.22.36–55, ♀: a) Anterior region of cephalothorax; b) Telson; c) Posterior margin of telson. Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837, MNHN Na 746, Type ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax; e) Telson; f) Posterior margin of telson. Co-types NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♂; g) Endopod of first pleopod. MNHN Na 746 Type ♀: h) Preanal carina, NHM 1955.5.3.57–59, ♀: i) Anterior region of cephalothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455874/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4h</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CB4F5746FC71EE7CF1BFDFDFAFF34" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71FE7CF1BFDFB23F8AC" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE7CF1BFDFE19F94F" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[197,418,1672,1697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE7CF1BFDFE19F94F" box="[197,418,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caridina africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE4071BFDFC7BF94F" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[781,960,1672,1697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE4071BFDFC7BF94F" box="[781,960,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger adult size (total length 
<quantity id="4CBE4A9B746FC71FE79D1BC5FEA9F924" box="[151,274,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35mm</quantity>
), 3 or 4 post-orbital teeth, lesser range of dorsal and ventral teeth 10–15/7–12 as observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE2611BC5FE89F91C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33759" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1894) A study of the systematic and geographical distribution of the decapod family Atyidae Kingsley. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1894, 397 - 416." type="journal article">Ortmann (1894)</bibRefCitation>
, (3) 13/14 as in the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE5291BADFDEEF91C" box="[547,597,1752,1778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
specimen, the female examined in the present study and (3–4) 11–20/ 9–17 as in SAM 
<collectingRegion id="4982299C746FC71FE6621A75FEC6F8F4" box="[360,381,1792,1818]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</collectingRegion>
3133, stylocerite 0.6–0.8 times as long as the first segment of the antennular peduncle, broader posterior margin of telson with shorter lateral spines and a plain preanal carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9E77E746FC71EE7CF1A25FDFAFF34" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1435,152,218]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
While selection of a 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE6B71A25FD92F884" box="[445,553,1872,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C469CFD746FC71FE5561A25FC56F884" authority="Kingsley, 1882" authorityName=", Kingsley. We" authorityYear="1882" box="[604,1005,1872,1898]" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Caridina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B9323B6C746FC71FE5561A25FC8AF887" box="[604,817,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caridina africana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD79A8F746FC71FE4301A25FC56F884" box="[826,1005,1872,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref33494" refString="Kingsley, J. S. (1882) Carcinological Notes, Essex Institute Bulletin, 14, 105 - 132." type="journal article">Kingsley, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
might seem desireable, it presents a number of problems for the authors. The specimen borrowed from the USNM appears to be the only extant sample of the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE6371AD5FED4F854" box="[317,367,1952,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series, but it is damaged. Furthermore although the complete 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746FC71FE3421AD5FBC1F854" box="[1096,1146,1952,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series has been reported as missing by the ANSP curators, this lot may simply be misplaced within their collections, or perhaps in another institution. Therefore, as this is the first study to report the 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746EC71EE4A81DEDFC6FFF5C" box="[930,980,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
series as missing, selecting a 
<typeStatus id="54FD59DC746EC71EE23A1DEDFA20FF5C" box="[1328,1435,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
appears to be premature at this time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>