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<document id="AAA856F8FA6BD2BF4EDB9DDC6A8A521C" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00288.2016" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626435" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707249241011" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sanfilippo, Rossana, Rosso, Antonietta, Reitano, Agatino & Insacco, Gianni" docDate="2017" docId="039E87996E01FFC4FCF70F687F6AF913" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.62.1.25-38.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00288.2016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Glomerula testatrix Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco 2017, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFA7FFE16E03FFC7FFA90C4B7A42FF80" masterDocTitle="First record of sabellid and serpulid polychaetes from the Permian of Sicily" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1713533681726" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="087F508B8B3FFE20F68A51497B94D998">First record of sabellid and serpulid polychaetes from the Permian of Sicily</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="760FE8586938CB5B3C4FA77328AF66C8">Sanfilippo, Rossana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED6176F070604F267978B6144718520B">Rosso, Antonietta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C67D29C27882A74CC6D4A89BBC704C0D">Reitano, Agatino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09922F9C9145B5C41791626C14EEAB01">Insacco, Gianni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="469714A4C7959E3FA8F86081EDF3F6D0">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4E3DEFBF31B87780A60F5DF2DB203C80">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E5EAA3548C1FD0AE7B346FFD119ED23B">2016-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AAD19C88EF732DE2D836E2111C1FB4AC">http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00288.2016</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DB3BC1386D5875249FC4B98D4BCC186F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2722C5E493BFF66144AFEFE1C744B86F" type="DOI">10.4202/app.00288.2016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ACF8D96871274430C791037B5FB8FD22" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD2DB898485079D47A67F2E9DBF2E4B6" type="Zenodo-Dep">10626435</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E87996E01FFC4FCF70F687F6AF913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87996E01FFC4FCF70F687F6AF913" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87996E01FFC4FCF70F687F6AF913" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C32D65046E01FFC5FCF70F687F9AFCBF" box="[862,1496,803,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF70F687F9AFCBF" blockId="2.[862,1496,803,831]" box="[862,1496,803,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0C081E36E01FFC5FCF70F687F9AFCBF" box="[862,1496,803,831]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FCF70F687F01FCBF" authority="(Etheridge, 1892)" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[862,1347,803,831]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF70F687E1BFCBF" box="[862,1113,803,831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Glomerula testatrix</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FBC30F687F78FCBF" author="Etheridge, R." box="[1130,1338,803,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057E66E01FFC5FAE20F687F9AFCBF" box="[1355,1496,803,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D65046E01FFC5FCF70F1B7989FCE5" box="[862,971,848,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF70F1B7989FCE5" blockId="2.[862,971,848,869]" box="[862,971,848,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="130C2A0A6E01FFC5FCF70F1B7985FCE5" box="[862,967,848,869]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1041,1061]" captionTargetBox="[98,1478,161,1014]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[98,1478,161,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Sabellids from literature (A) and from study material (B–F). A. Holotype of Serpula testatrix Etheridge, 1892 (pl. 18: 5) on a crinoid stem from East Maitland (South Wales), Permo-Carboniferous, showing typical loose loops and spirals. B, C. Glomerula testatrix (Etheridge, 1892) Sanfilippo comb. nov., from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian. B. MSNC 4515, irregular glomerate interweaving tubes; photograph (B1), SEM image (B2); B3, detail of B2, showing the tube outer surface with feeble growth lines. C. MSNC 4518, set of sub-parallel tubes slightly meandering and locally forming a sharp bend encrusting a sponge. D–F. Glomerula gemmellaroi sp. nov. from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian. D. MSNC 4519, holotype, specimen forming meanders and bending at angles of 90° and 180°. E. MSNC 4520, tube initially loop-like curved and then bent at right angle. F. MSNC 4521, meandering tube on a sponge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626437/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D65046E01FFC5FCF70F357F8FFC13" box="[862,1485,894,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF70F357F8FFC13" blockId="2.[862,1485,894,915]" box="[862,1485,894,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2711A16E01FFC5FCF70F357F8FFC13" box="[862,1485,894,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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1892
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FC3D0F357E71FC13" authority="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco, 2017" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" box="[916,1075,894,915]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FC3D0F357E71FC13" box="[916,1075,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Serpula testatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057E66E01FFC5FB900F357EC4FC13" box="[1081,1158,894,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A96109E6E01FFC5FB260F357F17FC13" author="Etheridge, R." box="[1167,1365,894,915]" page="120" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FB260F357F17FC13" author="Etheridge, R." box="[1167,1365,894,915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge 1892: 120</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 18: 4, 5.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D65046E01FFC4FCF70FED7F6AF913" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF70FED7E6BFB01" blockId="2.[862,1535,934,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF70FED7982FC3F" box="[862,960,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Material</emphasis>
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.—Two glomerate coiling tubes on sponges (
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<collectionCode id="ED26AE4A6E01FFC5FA040FED7FBCFC3F" box="[1453,1534,934,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">MSNC</collectionCode>
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4515,
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<collectionCode id="ED26AE4A6E01FFC5FC360F8C79ACFC60" box="[927,1006,967,992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">MSNC</collectionCode>
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4516) and one incomplete glomerate tube on a crinoid stalk (
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<collectionCode id="ED26AE4A6E01FFC5FC570FAC7E0DFB80" box="[1022,1103,999,1024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">MSNC</collectionCode>
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4517). One aggregate of tubes nearly aligned and irregularly coiled, attached on a sponge (
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<collectionCode id="ED26AE4A6E01FFC5FA04084C7FBCFBA0" box="[1453,1534,1031,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">MSNC</collectionCode>
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4518). All specimens come from the “Pietra di Salomone” megablock, the Sosio Valley, western
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<collectingRegion id="49F3F86D6E01FFC5FAAF08037F05FBE1" box="[1286,1351,1096,1121]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Sicily</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F320761F6E01FFC5FAFD08037FCEFBE1" box="[1364,1420,1096,1121]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Italy</collectingCountry>
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); Wordian to upper Permian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF708D87FABFAAD" blockId="2.[862,1535,1171,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF708D87E78FB2C" box="[862,1082,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
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.—Tube long in respect to its width, circular in cross-section and smooth, increasing in diameter slowly. Base of the tube not widened by a basal cementing flange. Tubes more or less irregularly curved, often forming irregular spirals, intermingled meanders or chaotic knots.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC5FCF709747FBCF99A" blockId="2.[862,1536,1343,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF7097479A1FAD8" box="[862,995,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
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.—Tubes are small-sized (outer diameter of
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<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E01FFC5FA6709747986FAF8" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.2– 0.25 mm</quantity>
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) and weakly attached to the substrate, their outer surface being smooth, only marked by feeble growth lines at places. Tubes form intermingled overlaid whorls growing on previous tube portions. The original tube wall structure is biased by recrystallization showing large diagenetic crystals which locally expand inwards, also infilling the tube lumen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88368F6E01FFC4FCF70A677884FA72" blockId="2.[862,1535,1580,1960]" lastBlockId="3.[98,771,1261,1960]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF70A677982F9C5" box="[862,960,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
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.—This species was originally described as a serpulid under the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FBFC0A077F51F9E5" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" box="[1109,1299,1612,1637]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FBFC0A077F51F9E5" box="[1109,1299,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Serpula testatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FA970A077FB9F9E5" author="Etheridge, R." box="[1342,1531,1612,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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, based on late Permian specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F320761F6E01FFC5FABB0A277F3CF905" box="[1298,1406,1644,1669]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. No further specimen has been found since then and no modern images or descriptions are available. Nevertheless, Etheridge’s description and figures (1892: pl. 18: 4, 5) of the
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<typeStatus id="548C882D6E01FFC5FAD80A867F96F966" box="[1393,1492,1741,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">holotype</typeStatus>
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are sufficiently diagnostic and unequivocally indicate that the species lacks serpulid characters. In contrast, its small-sized and typically glomerate coiled tube fits well in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FCF70B05799BF8E7" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[862,985,1870,1895]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FCF70B05799BF8E7" box="[862,985,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Glomerula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C2A0A6E01FFC5FC430B057E06F8E7" box="[1002,1092,1870,1895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1041,1061]" captionTargetBox="[98,1478,161,1014]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[98,1478,161,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Sabellids from literature (A) and from study material (B–F). A. Holotype of Serpula testatrix Etheridge, 1892 (pl. 18: 5) on a crinoid stem from East Maitland (South Wales), Permo-Carboniferous, showing typical loose loops and spirals. B, C. Glomerula testatrix (Etheridge, 1892) Sanfilippo comb. nov., from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian. B. MSNC 4515, irregular glomerate interweaving tubes; photograph (B1), SEM image (B2); B3, detail of B2, showing the tube outer surface with feeble growth lines. C. MSNC 4518, set of sub-parallel tubes slightly meandering and locally forming a sharp bend encrusting a sponge. D–F. Glomerula gemmellaroi sp. nov. from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian. D. MSNC 4519, holotype, specimen forming meanders and bending at angles of 90° and 180°. E. MSNC 4520, tube initially loop-like curved and then bent at right angle. F. MSNC 4521, meandering tube on a sponge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626437/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), as recently suspected by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FAD20B057989F808" author="Ippolitov, A. P. & Vinn, O. & Kupriyanova, E. K. & Jager, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="123 - 159" refId="ref11143" refString="Ippolitov, A. P., Vinn, O., Kupriyanova, E. K., and Jager, M. 2014. Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 123 - 159." type="journal article" year="2014">Ippolitov et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FC7F0B247E18F808" author="Jager, M." box="[982,1114,1903,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="3 - 219" refId="ref11190" refString="Jager, M. 1983. Serpulidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus der norddeutschen hoheren Oberkreide-Systematik, Stratigraphie, Okologie. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A 68: 3 - 219." type="journal article" year="1983">Jäger (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FBCE0B247EE3F808" author="Jager, M." box="[1127,1185,1903,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="121 - 249" refId="ref11263" refString="Jager, M. 2005. Serpulidae und Spirorbidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) aus Campan und Maastricht von Norddeutschland, den Niederlanden, Belgien und angrenzenden Gebieten. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A 157 (for 2004): 121 - 249." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) considered
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FA9D0B2479A0F828" authority="Regenhardt, 1961" authorityName="Regenhardt" authorityYear="1961" class="Polychaeta" genus="Omasaria" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FA9D0B247FE7F808" box="[1332,1445,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Omasaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E01FFC5FA070B2479A0F828" author="Regenhardt, H." pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref12080" refString="Regenhardt, H. 1961. Serpulidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus der Kreide Mitteleuropas, ihre okologische, taxionomische und stratigraphische Bewertung. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 30: 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1961">Regenhardt, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E01FFC5FB6F0BC47F00F828" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[1222,1346,1935,1960]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E01FFC5FB6F0BC47F00F828" box="[1222,1346,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Glomerula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, mainly on the basis of its typical irregularly interweaving tubes. Such tubes seem to have a very wide stratigraphic distribution. Following
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FF75097B7B93FAC9" author="Ippolitov, A. P. & Vinn, O. & Kupriyanova, E. K. & Jager, M." box="[220,465,1328,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="123 - 159" refId="ref11143" refString="Ippolitov, A. P., Vinn, O., Kupriyanova, E. K., and Jager, M. 2014. Written in stone: history of serpulid polychaetes through time. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 123 - 159." type="journal article" year="2014">Ippolitov et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, the oldest Palaeozoic representatives likely attributable to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FE7509197815FAEB" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[476,599,1362,1387]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FE7509197815FAEB" box="[476,599,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
could be those reported as “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FF52093F7B16FA0D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[251,340,1396,1421]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FF52093F7B16FA0D" box="[251,340,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Serpula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
” spp. by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FE65093F78E9FA0D" author="Stuckenberg, A." box="[460,683,1396,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref13132" refString="Stuckenberg, A. 1905. Die Fauna der Obercarbonischen Suite des Wolgadurchbruches bei Samara [in Russian with German summary]. Memoires du Comite Geologique. Nouvelle Serie 23: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1905">Stuckenberg (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and as tubeworms” by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FE8009DE7842FA2E" author="Hoare, R. D. & Mapes, R. H. & Yancey, T. E." box="[297,512,1429,1454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref10622" refString="Hoare, R. D., Mapes, R. H., and Yancey, T. E. 2002. Structure, taxonomy and epifauna of Pennsylvanian rostroconchs (Mollusca). The Paleontological Society Memoir 58 (Supplement to Journal of Paleontology) 76: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2002">Hoare et al. (2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: fig. 1.1–1.7) from the Late Carboniferous. Indeed, these specimens show slowly widening tubes and a characteristic glomerate coiling.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="DF4866076E00FFC4FFCB085A7912FB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626437/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" startId="3.[98,131,1041,1061]" targetBox="[98,1478,161,1014]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88368F6E00FFC4FFCB085A7912FB4D" blockId="3.[98,1482,1039,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Fig. 2. Sabellids from literature (A) and from study material (B–F).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FD140844788FFBA4" bold="true" box="[701,717,1039,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Holotype of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FCE1085A7E30FBA5" authority="Etheridge, 1892" authorityName="Etheridge" authorityYear="1892" box="[840,1138,1041,1061]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FCE1085A799FFBA5" box="[840,989,1041,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Serpula testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FC4B085A7E30FBA5" author="Etheridge, R." box="[994,1138,1041,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(pl. 18: 5) on a crinoid stem from East Maitland (South Wales), Permo-Carboniferous, showing typical loose loops and spirals.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC39086779DDFBC1" bold="true" box="[912,927,1068,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC05086079FEFBC1" bold="true" box="[940,956,1067,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FC6008667FCBFBC1" authority="(Etheridge, 1892) Sanfilippo" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[969,1417,1069,1089]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix" status="comb. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC6008667E3EFBC1" box="[969,1148,1069,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FB2008667F5DFBC1" author="Etheridge, R." box="[1161,1311,1069,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) Sanfilippo
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057E66E00FFC4FA3808667AC9FBDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
, from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC800803797AFBDD" bold="true" box="[809,824,1096,1117]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. MSNC 4515, irregular glomerate interweaving tubes; photograph (B
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="17B334CA6E00FFC4FA1D08197FFEFBE0" attach="left" box="[1460,1468,1106,1120]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">1</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
), SEM image (B
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="17B334CA6E00FFC4FF4008257AB3FBFC" attach="left" box="[233,241,1134,1148]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
); B
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="17B334CA6E00FFC4FEBD08257B5EFBFC" attach="left" box="[276,284,1134,1148]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">3</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
, detail of B
|
|||
|
|
<subScript id="17B334CA6E00FFC4FE2E08257BCDFBFC" attach="left" box="[391,399,1134,1148]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">2</subScript>
|
|||
|
|
, showing the tube outer surface with feeble growth lines.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC34082879EFFBF9" bold="true" box="[925,941,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. MSNC 4518, set of sub-parallel tubes slightly meandering and locally forming a sharp bend encrusting a sponge.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FDF508CB78C4FB15" bold="true" box="[604,646,1152,1173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">D–F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FD3B08CA792FFB15" authority="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco, 2017" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" box="[658,877,1153,1173]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gemmellaroi" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FD3B08CA792FFB15" box="[658,877,1153,1173]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula gemmellaroi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27057E66E00FFC4FCDD08CA79FEFB15" box="[884,956,1153,1173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
from the Sosio Valley, western Sicily (Italy), Wordian to upper Permian.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FF5A08D77B41FB31" bold="true" box="[243,259,1180,1201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. MSNC 4519, holotype, specimen forming meanders and bending at angles of 90° and 180°.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FBC808D77E32FB31" bold="true" box="[1121,1136,1180,1201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. MSNC 4520, tube initially loop-like curved and then bent at right angle.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FE0108F37BF4FB4D" bold="true" box="[424,438,1208,1229]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. MSNC 4521, meandering tube on a sponge.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88368F6E00FFC4FF2E09B0784AF97F" blockId="3.[98,771,1261,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Owing to their morphological characters, specimens found in the “Pietra di Salomone” megablock can be identified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FF600A757B09F9D7" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[201,331,1598,1623]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FF600A757B09F9D7" box="[201,331,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Furthermore, Australian and Sicilian specimens share the same substratum, and possibly the same habitat, because pl 18:
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E00FFC4FE350ACA7B84F91A" box="[412,454,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FE650ACA78C6F91A" author="Etheridge, R." box="[460,644,1665,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="65 - 131" refId="ref10220" refString="Etheridge, R. 1892. A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales, Part II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales, Palaeontology 5: 65 - 131." type="journal article" year="1892">Etheridge (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
depicts the species encrusting crinoids. Interestingly, the stratigraphic distribution of the new
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FED30A8E7BBCF95E" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[378,510,1733,1758]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FED30A8E7BBCF95E" box="[378,510,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
findings is consistent with the age of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="548C882D6E00FFC4FE900AAD7BDEF97F" box="[313,412,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88368F6E00FFC4FF2E0B437F4BFAA6" blockId="3.[98,771,1261,1960]" lastBlockId="3.[808,1482,1261,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Like other Palaeozoic congeners,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FE550B437839F8A1" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[508,635,1800,1825]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FE550B437839F8A1" box="[508,635,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, with a tube diameter of only
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E00FFC4FE8A0B617BCBF8C3" box="[291,393,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, is minute in respect to Mesozoic species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FF7F0B007B13F8E4" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[214,337,1867,1892]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FF7F0B007B13F8E4" box="[214,337,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, which possess quite large tubes, from slightly less than
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E00FFC4FE990B267B30F806" box="[304,370,1901,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FE2E0B267898F806" authority="Defrance, 1827" authorityName="Defrance" authorityYear="1827" box="[391,730,1901,1926]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lombricus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FE2E0B26785DF806" box="[391,543,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. lombricus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Defrance, 1827
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) to ca.
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E00FFC4FF220BC47A8CF828" box="[139,206,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in diameter at maximum (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FD950BC478FBF828" author="Jager, M." box="[572,697,1935,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="3 - 219" refId="ref11190" refString="Jager, M. 1983. Serpulidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus der norddeutschen hoheren Oberkreide-Systematik, Stratigraphie, Okologie. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A 68: 3 - 219." type="journal article" year="1983">Jäger 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Also the only known Recent species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FB2E08A67FF2FA86" authority="(Perkins, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Perkins" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1159,1456,1261,1286]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piloseta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FB2E08A67F43FA86" box="[1159,1281,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. piloseta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FAA608A67FEBFA86" author="Perkins, T. H." box="[1295,1449,1261,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="261 - 267" refId="ref12006" refString="Perkins, T. H. 1991. Calcisabella piloseta, a new genus and species of Sabellinae (Polychaeta: Sabellidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 48: 261 - 267." type="journal article" year="1991">Perkins, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is larger, having a diameter of about
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF9B6A6E00FFC4FB0509467F47FAA6" box="[1196,1285,1293,1318]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88368F6E00FFC4FCE709667F88F9C8" blockId="3.[808,1482,1261,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
The presence of trilobate lumina has been reported from some Cretaceous species assigned to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FB7409057F14FAE7" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[1245,1366,1358,1383]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FB7409057F14FAE7" box="[1245,1366,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and used as a diagnostic feature to distinguish them from some more ancient, Jurassic congeners (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FBD809C57EACFA27" author="Jager, M." box="[1137,1262,1422,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="3 - 219" refId="ref11190" refString="Jager, M. 1983. Serpulidae (Polychaeta sedentaria) aus der norddeutschen hoheren Oberkreide-Systematik, Stratigraphie, Okologie. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A 68: 3 - 219." type="journal article" year="1983">Jäger 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FB5409C57F77FA27" author="Jager, M." box="[1277,1333,1422,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="73 - 137" refId="ref11222" refString="Jager, M. 1993. Danian Serpulidae and Spirorbidae from NE Belgium and SE Netherlands: K / T boundary extinction, survival, and origination patterns. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 29: 73 - 137." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B7E6E00FFC4FAED09C57FC2FA27" author="Jager, M." box="[1348,1408,1422,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" pagination="121 - 249" refId="ref11263" refString="Jager, M. 2005. Serpulidae und Spirorbidae (Polychaeta Sedentaria) aus Campan und Maastricht von Norddeutschland, den Niederlanden, Belgien und angrenzenden Gebieten. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe A 157 (for 2004): 121 - 249." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This character is also absent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FBFC09E57E94FA47" authorityName="Sanfilippo & Rosso & Reitano & Insacco" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Etheridge" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1109,1238,1454,1479]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="testatrix">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FBFC09E57E94FA47" box="[1109,1238,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">G. testatrix</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and in other old species, as well as in Cenozoic to Modern
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C374D0C6E00FFC4FB4909847F1BFA68" authorityName="Brunnich Nielsen" authorityYear="1931" box="[1248,1369,1487,1512]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Glomerula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FB4909847F1BFA68" box="[1248,1369,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Glomerula</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
representatives. Consequently, it seems to be restricted only to a few Cretaceous species. We suggest here to place such species in a separate genus, pending examination of the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="548C882D6E00FFC4FA8A0A647F17F9C8" box="[1315,1365,1583,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
materials.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88368F6E00FFC4FC810A117F6AF913" blockId="3.[808,1481,1626,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B943EA9D6E00FFC4FC810A117E93F9F3" box="[808,1233,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.—Upper Permian of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320761F6E00FFC4FC810A3179D6F913" box="[808,916,1658,1683]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
; Wordian to upper Permian of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320761F6E00FFC4FB460A317F66F913" box="[1263,1316,1658,1683]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|