treatments-xml/data/66/41/EF/6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75.xml

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<mods:title id="4E03EFCF9A30B48B6703E04BB80DCE4F">Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCFBB7010DDB44C1F6F8290A492D58F2">Zha, Ling-Sheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="475D2085E996B965F679397CFA6A1522">School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China &amp; School of Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="931937214B5559DD2CE871ECC4559050">Kryukov, Vadim Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED9B62D596B6E04ED0F2C349157A80FA">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str., 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="55E58807B84E38CF13A707F7A7792DD9">Ding, Jian-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4ED87EB0DB16F8B50A5ABE0D5A73F5B5">School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C7F0F014AD33AF596BE5D3DDA20BC57">Jeewon, Rajesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CE1763049AFE18CD4BFCEC559023E74">Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="201346B6F6D1976267C2929BDE99CB64">Chomnunti, Putarak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9AB2BF4D1C597A5C9AA9B772C1C0EA87">School of Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180778636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" scope_phylum="Ascomycota">
<subSubSection id="81D4F20AACCDABCCB31E5FA8D565D5A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D1599A027F404852A2FD18FB5A8BA2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="8D7C62460433E6E3F21B1230C8CC5550" ID-CoL="4L3TC" LSID="6641EF85-1082-53C7-9A0B-F8C466B84E75" authority="Kobayasi" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">Polycephalomyces formosus Kobayasi</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7461C1880F27741E083D1041DAFC8B4F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Polycephalomyces formosus (MFLU 18 - 0162) a collected on the ground in a bamboo forest b produced on the stroma of Ophiocordyceps sp. (the fertile head was missing) on an Elateroidea larva c, d synnemata e-g A-type phialides and A-type conidia h B-type phialides and B-type conidia. Scale bars: 20 µm (e); 5 µm (f); 10 µm (g, h)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524796" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B9E8D05AFEF256E2C915F4F728C4A35B" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="00BCDF60640C5A1290B7CA60158CAB72" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BBE9F5CDDDC3592C82F65D7C6FD97AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="FB8C08EB4234999023EBC5A680B6FA79" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="522B265BCA3E188DD3C76E01074BFE3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported on 
<taxonomicName id="314BE8FBE57ABF659E04B26C73D5C448" authorityName="Y.Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
larvae, stromata of 
<taxonomicName id="F4C1FEF257523F6F10DEEB0F5434A91F" authorityName="G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones &amp; Spatafora" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Thwaites" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps barnesii" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barnesii">
<emphasis id="B3A2169FC5B2C66BA387C31D6CF163D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps barnesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Thwaites) G.H. Sung et al., 
<taxonomicName id="178859E2D25DF80643B888CC4EA3B9CC" class="Ascomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="O. falcata" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="A01EBA4E260F39E983BCCBE10776213D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">O. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Berk.) G.H. Sung et al. and 
<taxonomicName id="7DBBA1093226C3782A1B98D8C9923FBF" class="Ascomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="O. cantharelloides" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cantharelloides">
<emphasis id="0D300F4FF424EFA4496D5F0F2D50B9A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">O. cantharelloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Samson &amp; H.C. Evans) G.H. Sung et al. and distributed in Ecuador, Japan and Sri Lanka (
<bibRefCitation id="05019538E0BFA1622BA7463117FF209D" author="Kobayasi, Y" journalOrPublisher="IMA Fungus" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B35" refString="Kobayasi, Y, 1941. The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53-260." title="The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53 - 260." year="1941">Kobayasi 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0D1681505E3EF3847F5AC6BD7F5DB127" author="Samson, RA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Science)" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" pagination="309 - 317" refId="B75" refString="Samson, RA, Evans, HC, 1985. New and rare entomogenous fungi from Amazonia. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Science) 94: 309 - 317" title="New and rare entomogenous fungi from Amazonia." volume="94" year="1985">Samson and Evans 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="D840D46FCAE5DCB9CDC9814023815718" author="Wang, YB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B95" refString="Wang, YB, 2016. Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." title="Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." year="2016">Wang 2016</bibRefCitation>
). We collected a 
<taxonomicName id="7151195DC616B439F7B321216978CECF" class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="5D3ED90234B26FFFDBF5E4BF669EAE2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimen on the stroma of 
<taxonomicName id="637C2BA4449AA9F897330E8284149FE7" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9E925F448FAB38231F9A97A1F7A1220B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an 
<taxonomicName id="C6EC7FD83C531906C072A732837F4919" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva from Guizhou, China. Morphological and phylogenetic data showed that it is 
<taxonomicName id="F94AB827A3D91DD70E40C49B08E53D7F" class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="8579086430CC8F914F4C193CC38A7DAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is the first report of 
<taxonomicName id="B98E82F7AF62B08FF0754C5A9DA4BE45" class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="33DE77395207E88038C0EAF516D95814" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on wireworms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0E11EE5F25C973B711743887B3EEA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="asexual morph">
<paragraph id="C31E21102DD045062226BF91D9332EF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Asexual morph.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95066CC3822BFE96F181A4547A7551FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
Growing on the stroma of 
<taxonomicName id="605BCE25BF5B429784BAB585D827CC5F" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6698C2345C3F3526E246A0009A10164D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an 
<taxonomicName id="27AF316910F7830FAF0600B8237967B1" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva. Stroma single, arising from the body end of the host larva, unbranched. The larva reddish-brown, cylindrical, 21 
<normalizedToken id="4CD6F8B28D035EEE8A196AD3BC5A95D8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.3-1.6 mm, intersegmental membranes conspicuous. Stipe of the stroma shiny black, stiff, band-like, but twisted and deeply wrinkled (dry specimen), more than 20 mm long and 1.0-1.3 mm thick, surface smooth (the fertile head was missing). 
<emphasis id="3CC9398D7BEBB835921B27A7BC20532E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Synnemata</emphasis>
solitary or caespitose, arising from the intersegmental membranes of the larva and the surface of the stroma, mostly unbranched, generally straight, capitate, 1-3.5 mm long and 50-600 
<normalizedToken id="AE79EBBDC1A5BDABF5BB425623EBB5DF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick. Stipe basally broad and compressed, then gradually cylindrical upwards, white, greyish-white to yellowish-brown, surface smooth. 
<emphasis id="1BE71ABEA3D2928D11162B900AD8ECB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fertile head</emphasis>
(including spore mass) abruptly expanded, ellipsoidal, 100-300 
<normalizedToken id="A0E79D3687638EB97E8279484E97BA19" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
80-250 
<normalizedToken id="415128AF4835C4F734B17B391346A662" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, located at the top of every synnema and distinctly separated from the stipe. Spore mass covers the surface of every fertile head, 15-25 
<normalizedToken id="C879831BF34E870EAD6B4C68FD3D2287" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, yellowish-brown and composed of hymenia. 
<emphasis id="C24FD984B8FFB894CF566E02C194982D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phialides</emphasis>
of two types, A-phialides produced on fertile heads, B-phialides arising laterally along the entire stipe. A-phialides 3-5 in terminal whorl on basal conidiophores, cylindrical to narrowly conical, straight or curved, non-uniform, 10-20 (
<emphasis id="2721C54618D7CE4BF9D603557E0FC309" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 15.1, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="F5AC643804C494B32BE45B5B743209D8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1.5-2 
<normalizedToken id="4686B90E376F911A1515995B599267BC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="354FAE61031ACBE8A5D59B4E7ACCBB81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.7, n = 30) wide, basally and terminally narrow, neck narrow to 0.5 
<normalizedToken id="797D125AA3D9D213CA0F602FF8C4CD5F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, collarettes and periclinal thickening not visible; 
<emphasis id="3B89C6B64A4F46C83C0AA971A379E10F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">A-conidia</emphasis>
obovate to obpyriform, smooth-walled, hyaline, 2.1-3.2 (
<emphasis id="AD6D755136C3EFED0D7B61E45F7ABC0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 2.6, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="D77242F4D758166CA74E40F134C2A3AE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1.5-2.2 (
<emphasis id="555853699C5F170967A48CE5860F900B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.8, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="46D20BA8FE96719891AFD4E031617C41" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. B-phialides single or in terminal whorls of 2-3 on basal conidiophores, straight, symmetrical or asymmetrical, hyaline, generally cylindrical, 10-25 (
<emphasis id="C4B73A6F1BEE3425CFCDB7FB2BD02391" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 17, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="38FA42EF9723CDAB2BEE0E6C52FA6AF2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 2-3.5 (
<emphasis id="06C9E3EE48A7D56967AC39727D664766" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 2.8, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="18F360963BE0A02989CA5606537D212A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick at the base, 0.5-0.8 (
<emphasis id="581A1D67F305D194DFBCCFCCA7BF1EA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 0.65, n =30) 
<normalizedToken id="00BBB63C0855D14CF832F3565802DB33" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick at the end, collarettes and periclinal thickening not visible; 
<emphasis id="EB3CFB772A4C4B2AC5E36424E21E4824" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">B-conidia</emphasis>
fusiform, hyaline, smooth-walled, 3.2-6.0 (
<emphasis id="917AC8EC9E3AE36971529BC70AC9D0F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 4.6, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="209FE723BF43609F3C22E0E6665C2F18" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and 1-1.8 (
<emphasis id="7486A79BEACD777E46BB726EEB464714" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">x</emphasis>
- = 1.4, n = 30) 
<normalizedToken id="726C62E3590805357C032D6F566273DA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide. 
<emphasis id="EC72FA0C001BE5A1923E0BDE25485A93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Sexual morph.</emphasis>
Not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="26B8B44A686C5EA0444770E1B84043AB" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524796" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="E35FB66E489BA300BEB848E3FDD33AAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="7BF5DFEE706F88A842366E79F70EA1A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="47A85FBAA26DD9291095D1683B0DD735" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="4D1FFF96284158B55AA5B2F1A4B9433F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MFLU 18-0162) 
<emphasis id="FBDADFBB8CEB7DE1E4B7178536EF5B6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">a</emphasis>
collected on the ground in a bamboo forest 
<emphasis id="A615B7C97F973FB34D1FBCAD10A4AB52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">b</emphasis>
produced on the stroma of 
<taxonomicName id="C0EBA9DB32E338ADE8F6AB8ABAD96958" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C39ED5C5E93A9A635A92B7F6A5FAAA6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (the fertile head was missing) on an 
<taxonomicName id="0E80BBA66D33B250B111E9936A1A0D68" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva 
<emphasis id="BDD5C6B5EE5198AF27E69765400E4F35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">c, d</emphasis>
synnemata 
<emphasis id="2BB6C4D4F89F217CD6652062A1C23451" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">e-g</emphasis>
A-type phialides and A-type conidia 
<emphasis id="195FD1979737E574951A7325C84DF470" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">h</emphasis>
B-type phialides and B-type conidia. Scale bars: 20 
<normalizedToken id="0874BFD0DE9EE2C2E1CB7B495ED1C705" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="5F4294B1023F969862DE7B51DE5A2EA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">e</emphasis>
); 5 
<normalizedToken id="86AED33E7E56705BE61B03B2AA08ADF0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="00BA67E75D94286CAC5E746F5EF0D0F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">f</emphasis>
); 10 
<normalizedToken id="1A724EF0978FD8BD1F24C0EBF307EF36" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="A42742607E8BED8173E710CED51B4826" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">g, h</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77834AB05300928BF7C271CBA32B7CC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0E134A4C395004422DEAFBB448381354" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA53361B39070866A6575CC4FEE79484" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<materialsCitation id="45AFACCF6028839A95937D74389B212E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3062660301" collectingDate="2016-07-13" country="CHINA" county="Tongzi County" elevation="1300" latitude="28.875278" location="Baiqing Natural Reserve" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="107.15278" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<collectingCountry id="5311C97E15811D04DF5DA6195C87CD3D" name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4FDAAC1DE8368FF7BFAD99353B3B29C0" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="1440265AB8E0A9A291303A5379086DD9">Tongzi County</collectingCounty>
, 
<location id="412A3B5DFD12702C5CBAE4332460648C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6641EF85108253C79A0BF8C466B84E75:412A3B5DFD12702C5CBAE4332460648C" country="CHINA" county="Tongzi County" latitude="28.875278" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="107.15278" name="Baiqing Natural Reserve" stateProvince="Guizhou">Baiqing Natural Reserve</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0A04211C4CE55E1D742513B613C96D74" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="28.875278">28°52'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D038580BD6573CBEAB8619640FE7F4C1" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="107.15278">107°9'10&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, about 
<quantity id="BBA4B92D34D6BDEB8D521BDDAE14A665" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="42B9B2DE7E873C81C2547195AAB95EC6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., 
<collectingDate id="85CB4F2B8E6CDFA5113DF93F5F0B7647" value="2016-07-13">13 July 2016</collectingDate>
, Ling-Sheng Zha (MFLU 18-0162)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8ADFB9765AEA0119A04BE1868C6399EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="notes">
<paragraph id="30C319461DB0CC1366C810C97DD09842" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="243C5E93A62A36AF01547719E2D6C8B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="88489D713ADC6CEB5A932D2B93167564" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="C8C869EDD88280D43307DA4665BE71D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Japan as: growing on 
<taxonomicName id="8B5B6266A165090F8969C0D46604E06F" authorityName="Y.Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
larvae; synnemata solitary or caespitose, 1-3.5 mm long and 100-250 
<normalizedToken id="938A7C4F130A6F4760100766076D882B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick; spore mass covering the surface of the fertile head, 15-25 
<normalizedToken id="17AB674BBDA75008F032E3782F519153" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick; A-phialides 3-4 in terminal whorl on basal conidiophores, cylindrical to narrowly conical, 10-20 
<normalizedToken id="478A6BF08396E49EA343064EE8487C39" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2 
<normalizedToken id="9313A3195A61D2BEA664EA2214F1541C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, neck 0.5 
<normalizedToken id="E8831BD1604ACC96E7B51AE2BEBD923B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; A-conidia obovate to obpyriform, 2.0-2.8 
<normalizedToken id="E070284337DED67318B53DC7CBF4A5E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.6-2.0 
<normalizedToken id="06F3464DEECFD85A6DBC879F9812876E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B-conidia fusiform, 3.2-4.8 
<normalizedToken id="E879550DCF5FBD716739CEAE31058CBB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1.6 
<normalizedToken id="170FDA1453EEF66E239D4A7617EA3D11" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="32C6696916563A943D955531A221F18F" author="Kobayasi, Y" journalOrPublisher="IMA Fungus" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B35" refString="Kobayasi, Y, 1941. The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53-260." title="The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku (Section B, No. 84) 5: 53 - 260." year="1941">Kobayasi 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EA5EC3F11CA80351DD7052DC05AB37D8" author="Wang, YB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refId="B95" refString="Wang, YB, 2016. Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." title="Studies on Phylogeny of Polycephalomycetaceae Fam. Nov., with Microbial Diversities of Polycephalomyces Multiramosus and its Host. Doctorate Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming, China." year="2016">Wang 2016</bibRefCitation>
). These characteristics are all consistent with our specimen. Sequences of SSU, ITS, LSU and TEF1-α are all identical to those of 
<taxonomicName id="BC89BCE1ACB960E16133F403C5DD0EBB" class="Myxomycetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="P. formosus" order="Trichiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="5261742D54006817A6B5611D4427CEE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimen ARSEF 1424); and in our phylogenetic tree, these two samples grouped together and have a same branch length (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3A5704CE2B1101716684662002ABFE26" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of Ophiocordyceps borealis sp. nov., O. spicatus sp. nov. and their allies inferred from a combined SSU, LSU and TEF 1 - α gene dataset. Bootstrap support values of ML and Maximum Parsimony (MP)&gt; 60 % and posterior probabilities (PP) of Bayesian Inference&gt; 0.9, are indicated above the nodes and separated by ' / ' (ML / MP / PP)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/524793" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="294546F0ED61D376D5465A0B92B2F879" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="host">
<paragraph id="B3B753E5E1C76607E0750B9A78A7187B" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Host and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4057D2E5DDA65481533A9FB5DC6B75E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
On the stroma of 
<taxonomicName id="EE5B8D9A93B0EF84D1520B1A4CEC70D5" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8E5A84674F6CA952D146E652CB4C525B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on an 
<taxonomicName id="40B8499D7CC556D266DB09FDFEB65F11" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Elateroidea">Elateroidea</taxonomicName>
larva on the ground in a humid bamboo (
<taxonomicName id="26079BB07AAA93C1FEC27C908C8F8FD0" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Chimonobambusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chimonobambusa quadrangularis" order="Graminales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="14685E8D52E9E9AA2580538B3156E3EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chimonobambusa quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Franceschi) Makino) forest in Guizhou karst regions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E747318404470CC1AE3BAEAA55C5D94" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
The larva might live in soil or decayed wood at first, but was then infected by 
<taxonomicName id="0AF861871C9B6BB21906396B89843DD2" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="238023184AF2CACA4E39938D8560F1C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and produced a sexual stroma. Following heavy rainfall, the host, together with the stroma of 
<taxonomicName id="306F63290AF647C4D241555F551A907A" authorityName="Petch" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Ophiocordyceptaceae" genus="Ophiocordyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ophiocordyceps" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CABB6EC696891F395E53122B61BCA30F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Ophiocordyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., was washed away and exposed on the ground and at last, was parasitised by 
<taxonomicName id="BC6732F7AA9DC8D6045A26E5DE34F9F0" authorityName="Kobayasi" authorityYear="1941" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Ophiocordycipitaceae" genus="Polycephalomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polycephalomyces formosus" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="formosus">
<emphasis id="EDB3940A89FE5CBBA2C87BA646E681C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Polycephalomyces formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fertile head of the stroma might have been lost during the floods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>