treatments-xml/data/51/47/87/514787962807FFA3FF1CFC54FBA7FEFE.xml

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<mods:title id="5772A1A809C8ACE204EEC4BC1ECA3F4B">A Revision of the Nearctic Predaceous Midges in the Bezzia (Bezzia) pulverea complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="D95136802807FFAEFF1CFC54FDC6FC3E" blockId="23.[151,515,906,969]" box="[151,515,906,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">
<heading id="821981EC2807FFAEFF1CFC54FDC6FC3E" bold="true" box="[151,515,906,933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF1CFC54FDC6FC3E" bold="true" box="[151,515,906,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032807FFAEFF1CFC54FE7CFC3E" ID-CoL="9HWGK" authority="Grogan, 2020" authorityName="Grogan" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,441,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folkertsi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bezzia">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF1CFC54FF20FC3E" bold="true" box="[151,229,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Bezzia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF7CFC54FE80FC3E" bold="true" box="[247,325,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Bezzia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFEDDFC55FE7CFC3E" bold="true" box="[342,441,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">folkertsi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0A957E92807FFAEFE4AFC54FDC6FC3E" box="[449,515,907,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="91F4650B2807FFAEFF1CFC70FEEBFC52" box="[151,302,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" type="description">
<paragraph id="D95136802807FFAEFF1CFC70FEEBFC52" blockId="23.[151,515,906,969]" box="[151,302,943,969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">
(
<figureCitation id="41D52A052807FFAEFF14FC70FEE3FC52" box="[159,294,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Figs. 43–48</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F4650B2807FFA1FF1CFC29FD2DFB72" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D95136802807FFAEFF1CFC29FBBCFAE2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1014,2013]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF1CFC29FED7FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1014,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only Nearctic species of the 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032807FFAEFD11FC28FCD8FB8A" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[666,797,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFD11FC28FD6EFB8B" box="[666,683,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFD37FC28FCD8FB8A" box="[700,797,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex with the following combination of characters. Males very small (WL 
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); with dark brown femora and tibiae that are darkest on hind legs, but lack well defined pale bands except for a poorly developed pale apical band on fore femur and base of fore tibia; only fore femur with 1–3 ventral spines; hind tibia with 3–4 large, stout, black apical spines; hind tarsomere 1 dark brown; gonocoxite stout, outer margin greatly curved, slightly tapered distally with oblique apex; gonostylus elongate, slightly curved distally, apex rounded (
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) or with very small inner point (
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); parameres elongate, basal arms straight, mid-section moderately broad, apical 1/3 narrowed with rounded apex; aedeagus broad with very slender, greatly elongate apical section with bifid tip. Female very small (WL 
<quantity id="1E169B652807FFAEFB14FB2DFAC2FA96" box="[1183,1287,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.50 mm</quantity>
) with brown femora and tibiae that are darkest on hind leg, with a poorly marked narrow light brown band on apex of fore femur; only fore femur with 2 ventral spines; hind tibia with 4 long, massive apical spines; hind tarsomere 1 light brown; spermathecae very small, subequal-size, the larger 
<quantity id="1E169B652807FFAEFD5AFA80FCF0FAE2" box="[721,821,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
long, smaller 
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long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95136802807FFA1FF4CFA5CFE00FDFA" blockId="23.[151,1437,1014,2013]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,150,1978]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF4CFA5CFECEFA06" bold="true" box="[199,267,1411,1437]" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Male.</emphasis>
Head. Dark brown. Eyes separated by the width of 2 ommatidia.Antennal flagellum brown, bases of flagellomeres 1–10 light brown; flagellomere 1 moderately elongate, proximal 1/3 tapered, distal 2/3 slightly bulbous; flagellomeres 2–5 short, vasiform, 6–9 elongate vasiform, 9 longest, 10–13 greatly elongate; plume dark brown, dense, extending beyond mid-length of flagellomere 11; AR 0.78–0.83 (0.81, n=2); flagellum length 1.01–1.08 (
<quantity id="1E169B652807FFAEFF14F9CDFECDF9B6" box="[159,264,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
, n=2). Palpus moderately long; segment 3 moderately slender with 2–3 meso-central capitate sensillae; segment 5 extending beyond apex of labellum; 
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3.25–4.00 (3.54, n=2). Mandible slender with 2–3 slender apicomedial teeth. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052807FFAEFE1EF984FE29F9EE" box="[405,492,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Dark reddish brown. Scutum with 8–9 moderately long stout setae and a similar number of shorter, thinner pre-alar setae; scutellum with 6–7 long setae. Femora, tibiae dark brown, darkest on hind leg, fore femur, tibia with poorly developed narrow pale brown subapical band; femora, tibiae with dense long setae; fore femur with 1–3 stout ventral spines, mid, hind femora without ventral spines; fore, mid femora and fore, mid tibiae with single row of sparse dorsal spines, hind femur, tibia with double row of larger dorsal spines; 2 fore, 3–5 mid, 3–4 hind large stout apical tibial spines, most massive on hind tibia. Tarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 of fore, mid legs light brown, 4–5 darker, hind tarsomere 1 dark brown, 2–3 light brown, 4–5 darker brown; claws as in males of 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032807FFAEFF3CF888FEFCF8EA" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[183,313,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF3CF888FF0DF8EB" box="[183,200,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922807FFAEFF53F888FEFCF8EA" box="[216,313,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="452">pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Wing moderately slender; costa, radius, radial cell, base of medius and membrane between costa, radius and medius light brown; membrane hyaline, light brown below and beyond apex of radial cells; posterior veins very narrow, well developed; WL 1.41–1.50 (
<quantity id="1E169B652807FFAEFD59F840FCFCF822" box="[722,825,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="1.47">1.47 mm</quantity>
, n=3), WW 0.38–0.45 (
<quantity id="1E169B652807FFAEFBB4F840FB60F822" box="[1087,1189,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="452" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
, n=3); CR 0.67 (n=3). Halter brown, distal half of knob darker brown. Abdomen. Tergites reddish brown, with moderately long setae; sternites lighter brown with sparse shorter setae. Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FCCAFF49FC06FF2A" box="[833,963,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Figs.44–45</figureCitation>
). Tergite 9 moderately short, broad; cerci elongate, extending 0.8 length of gonocoxites with several long apical, subapical setae. Sternite 9 with broad, deep, U-shaped apicocentral excavation, inner margin without fringe of long setae, apicolateral extensions very short, overlapping basal arms of aedeagus. Gonocoxite moderately short, slightly curved, tapering slightly distally, apex obliquely truncate. Gonostylus elongate, slightly shorter than gonocoxite, slightly curved, tapered slightly distally, apex broadly rounded with very small inner prong in 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FD6DFE94FC8EFEFE" box="[742,843,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, that is not present in both 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FBF8FE94FB27FEFE" box="[1139,1250,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Parameres (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FAE4FE94FF71FE12" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) fused, much narrower than in other species in the pulverea complex; basal arms stout, divergent, heavily sclerotized, apices tapered, tips truncate or rounded; mid portion more lightly sclerotized, tapered abruptly at 2/3 length; apical section moderately broad, becoming increasingly lighter sclerotized distally, tip rounded. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FAC8FE68FA51FE4A" box="[1347,1428,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
) broad, triangular on proximal 1/2; basal arch broad, moderately deep, extending 1/4 of total aedeagal length; basal arm stout, heavily sclerotized, apices recurved nearly 90˚; mid-portion broad, more lightly sclerotized except for lateral margins, with low, broad sub-basolateral extensions; apical portion very slender, elongate, enclosed in a thin hyaline envelope, tip bifid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95136802808FFA1FF4CFDB4FD2DFB72" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FF4CFDB4FE4FFD1E" bold="true" box="[199,394,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">
Female 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FEAFFDB4FE40FD1E" box="[292,389,619,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to males with the following notable sexual and other differences. Head (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FA8AFDB4FA91FD1D" box="[1281,1364,619,646]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
). Eyes more narrowly separated, equal to the diameter of 1.5 ommatidia. Antennal flagellum shorter than males; flagellomere 1 elongate, proximal 1/3 pale yellow, distal 2/3 brown; flagellomeres 2–8 vasiform, proximal 1/3 light brown, distal 2/3 brown; 1–8 with subbasal whorl of long stout setae; 9–13 elongate, 13 longest, proximal 1/5 light brown, distal 4/5 brown, with sub-basal whorl of long hyaline setae, 2–8 with numerous similar shorter setae; AR 1.18; flagellum length 
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. Palpus more slender than males; segment 3 with 1–2 meso-central capitate sensillae; 
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4.29. Mandible broad with 7–8 moderately large distal, 3 smaller proximal medial teeth; lateral margin without teeth. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FEB1FCB8FE4BFC1A" box="[314,398,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Scutum similar to males with 5 large long setae and 6 smaller pre-alar setae; scutellum with 5 long setae. Femora, tibiae brown; mid tibia, hind femur and tibia dark brown; fore, mid femora and fore tibia light-er brown; fore femur with poorly developed pale apical band, fore tibia lacking pale basal band present in males; fore femur with 2 large central ventral spines, mid, hind femora without ventral spines; 1–2 fore, 2 mid, 4 hind large apical tibial spines, most massive on hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="41D52A052808FFA1FD3BFC28FCC1FB8A" box="[688,772,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-16@25.[151,1436,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Bezzia folkertsi n. sp. Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
); tarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 of fore, mid legs yellowish, 4–5 brown, tarsomeres 1–3 of hind leg light brown, 4–5 darker brown; claws similar to females of 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032808FFA1FB44FBC4FA95FBAE" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1231,1360,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FB44FBC4FB25FBAF" box="[1231,1248,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FB64FBC4FA95FBAE" box="[1263,1360,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Wing similar to male but broader with longer costa, radial cell; proximal ½ of costa, radial veins pale; membrane below and beyond radial cell in cell r 
<subScript id="456A34C52808FFA1FE7DFBAAFE3BFB18" attach="left" box="[502,510,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">3</subScript>
hyaline; WL 
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, WW 
<quantity id="1E169B652808FFA1FCC5FBBDFC72FBE6" box="[846,951,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8999999999999995" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.59">0.59 mm</quantity>
; CR 0.77. Abdomen. Coloration similar to males; tergites, sternites with shorter, sparse setae; internal tergal apodemes not visible, perhaps because the 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FAC9FB58FA59FB3A" box="[1346,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
is gravid with fully developed eggs. Spermathecae subequal-size, elongate ovoidal, tapered distally, necks not visible; larger 0.09 x 
<quantity id="1E169B652808FFA1FEEEFB10FE0EFB72" box="[357,459,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
, smaller 0.08 x 
<quantity id="1E169B652808FFA1FDF6FB10FD21FB72" box="[637,740,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F4650B2808FFA1FF4CFB2DFE3EFA7E" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D95136802808FFA1FF4CFB2DFE3EFA7E" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FF4CFB2DFEA4FA97" bold="true" box="[199,353,1266,1292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Distribution.</emphasis>
This new species is known only from the 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FCC9FB2CFCB7FA96" box="[834,882,1267,1293]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">type</typeStatus>
locality, the 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FB8EFB2CFB93FA96" box="[1029,1110,1267,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Florida</collectingRegion>
A &amp; M University (FAMU), Blackwater Biological Station in extreme eastern Santa Rosa County, 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FC28FAC8FC3DFAAA" box="[931,1016,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Florida</collectingRegion>
. The FAMU Biological Station is just east of a tributary of the Blackwater River, Ates Creek (30˚ 44ʹ 20.85ʺ N, 86˚ 48ʹ 18.02ʺ W), ca. 
<quantity id="1E169B652808FFA1FB55FAE4FAE8FACE" box="[1246,1325,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
WNW of the town of Holt and NW of the 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FD83FA80FD5DFAE2" box="[520,664,1375,1401]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Florida State</collectingRegion>
Fish Hatchery complex on Fish Hatchery Road, N of Bryant Bridge Cutoff Road that crosses the Blackwater River SSE of this site. I suspect that the collector of the 
<typeStatus id="065588222808FFA1FB73FA5CFAEDFA06" box="[1272,1320,1411,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">type</typeStatus>
series, G. B. (Sandy) Fairchild (son of botanist David Fairchild; grandson of Alexander Graham Bell), probably placed his blacklight trap near Ates Creek.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F4650B2808FFA1FF4CFA30FB59F822" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D95136802808FFA1FF4CFA30FB59F822" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FF4CFA30FE8BF992" bold="true" box="[199,334,1519,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Etymology.</emphasis>
I am pleased to name this new species for my friend and colleague, George W. Folkerts, former professor at Auburn University, 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FD8BF9CCFDA0F9B6" box="[512,613,1555,1581]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Alabama</collectingRegion>
who died suddenly from an apparent heart attack on 
<date id="AD5010402808FFA1FB34F9CCFA5CF9B6" box="[1215,1433,1555,1581]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" value="2007-12-14">14 December 2007</date>
. During his 38 years at Auburn, George was a mentor to numerous graduate and undergraduate students that consulted him on a variety of biological topics. He was an outstanding naturalist and conservationist, and an expert on the biota of 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FEA9F9A0FE4FF902" box="[290,394,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Alabama</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FE13F9A0FE29F902" box="[408,492,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FE73F9A0FD97F902" box="[504,594,1663,1689]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Georgia</collectingRegion>
and other nearby southeastern states. George was especially interested in amphibians, reptiles, fishes, insects, other invertebrates, pitcher plant bogs and the fauna and flora of the numerous river systems that drain into the Gulf of 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FD18F918FD2EF97A" box="[659,747,1735,1761]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, including the Blackwater River watershed, the type-locality of this new predaceous midge. George’s PhD dissertation at Auburn dealt with the distribution and life history of Dusky (
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FF79F8D0FE67F8B2" box="[242,418,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032808FFA1FF79F8D0FE5FF8B2" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1850" box="[242,410,1807,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Desmognathus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
Salamanders in 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF8622808FFA1FDD5F8D0FD02F8B2" box="[606,711,1807,1833]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Alabama</collectingRegion>
. He has nine other previous zoological patronyms including the recently described Dwarf Black-bellied Salamander, 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032808FFA1FD64F8ECFB19F8D6" authority="Camp et al. (2002)" authorityName="Camp" authorityYear="2002" box="[751,1244,1843,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="folkertsi">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FD64F8ECFC3CF8D6" box="[751,1017,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">Desmognathus folkertsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FB8AF8ECFB19F8D6" author="Camp, C. D. &amp; Tilley, S. G. &amp; Austin, R. M. Jr. &amp; Marshall, J. L." box="[1025,1244,1843,1869]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="471 - 484" refId="ref30888" refString="Camp, C. D., Tilley, S. G., Austin, R. M. Jr. &amp; Marshall, J. L. (2002) A new species of black-bellied salamander (genus Desmognathus) from the Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia. Herpetologica, 58, 471 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 0018 - 0831 (2002) 058 [0471: ANSOBS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">
Camp 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FBC6F8ECFB43F8D6" box="[1101,1158,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. His other patronyms include a grasshopper (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FE6BF888FD94F8EA" author="Hill, J. G." box="[480,593,1878,1905]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="252 - 350" refId="ref31683" refString="Hill, J. G. (2015) Revision and biogeography of the Melanoplus scudderi species group (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with a description of 21 new species and establishment of the carnegiei and davisi species groups. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 141, 252 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.141.0201" type="journal article" year="2015">Hill 2015</bibRefCitation>
); 4 beetles: a dytiscid (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FCD8F888FB87F8EA" author="Wolfe, G. W. &amp; Matta, J. F." box="[851,1090,1879,1905]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref33598" refString="Wolfe, G. W. &amp; Matta, J. F. (1979) Three new species of Hydroporus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) from the southeastern United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81, 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="1979">Wolfe &amp; Matta 1979</bibRefCitation>
), a staphylinid (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FB7EF888FA4AF8EA" author="Carlton, C. E." box="[1269,1423,1879,1905]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="297 - 323" refId="ref30972" refString="Carlton, C. E. (2008) Eight new species of Arianops Brendel from the southeastern United States with an updated key and notes on additional species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 62, 297 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 1082.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Carlton 2008</bibRefCitation>
), a carabid (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FE86F8A4FE35F80E" author="Sokolov, I. M. &amp; Carlton, C. &amp; Cornell, J. F." box="[269,496,1915,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="185 - 233" refId="ref32550" refString="Sokolov, I. M., Carlton, C. &amp; Cornell, J. F. (2004) Review of Anillinus, with descriptions of 17 new species and a key to soil and litter species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 58, 185 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 611" type="journal article" year="2004">
Sokolov 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FEFFF8A4FE63F80E" box="[372,422,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
), and a chrysomelid (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FD6BF8A4FC24F80E" author="Kingsolver, J. M. &amp; Gibb, T. J. &amp; Pfaffenberger, G. S." box="[736,993,1915,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref31893" refString="Kingsolver, J. M., Gibb, T. J. &amp; Pfaffenberger, G. S. (1989) Synopsis of the bruchid genus Althaeus Bridwell (Coleoptera) with descriptions of two new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 115, 57 - 82." type="journal article" year="1989">
Kingsolver 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FCEDF8A4FC52F80E" box="[870,919,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
); a braconid wasp (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FB37F8A4FA55F80E" author="Boring, C. A. &amp; Sharanowski, B. A. J. &amp; Sharkey, M. J." box="[1212,1424,1915,1941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="529 - 548" refId="ref30542" refString="Boring, C. A., Sharanowski, B. A. J. &amp; Sharkey, M. J. (2011) Maxfischeriinae: a new braconid subfamily (Hymenoptera) with highly specialized egg morphology. Systematic Entomology, 36, 529 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00579. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Boring 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FA98F8A4FA80F80E" box="[1299,1349,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
); a sarcophagid fly (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FEE3F840FDA9F821" author="Dahlem, G. A. &amp; Naczi, R. F. C." box="[360,620,1951,1978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="218 - 240" refId="ref31077" refString="Dahlem, G. A. &amp; Naczi, R. F. C. (2006) Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with North American pitcher plants (Sarraceniaceae), with descriptions of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 218 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2006) 099 [0218: FFDSAW] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Dahlem &amp; Naczi 2006</bibRefCitation>
); and a mouse tapeworm (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7F4B712808FFA1FC1AF840FB55F822" author="Makarikov, A. A. &amp; Nims, T. N. &amp; Galbreath, K. E. &amp; Hoberg, E. P." box="[913,1168,1950,1977]" pageId="24" pageNumber="453" pagination="2107 - 2117" refId="ref32267" refString="Makarikov, A. A., Nims, T. N., Galbreath, K. E. &amp; Hoberg, E. P. (2015) Hymenolepis folkertsi n. sp. (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) in the oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Neotominae) from the southeastern Nearctic with comments on tapeworm faunal diversity among deer mice. Parasitology Research, 114, 2107 - 2117. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 015 - 4399 - x" type="journal article" year="2015">
Makarikov 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922808FFA1FB9FF840FB83F822" box="[1044,1094,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="8D9166082809FFA0FF1CF8B9FAF7F838" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425567/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="454" startId="25.[151,264,1894,1918]" targetBox="[161,1420,256,1859]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="D95136802809FFA0FF1CF8B9FAF7F838" blockId="25.[151,1436,1894,1955]" pageId="25" pageNumber="454">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922809FFA0FF1CF8B9FE8AF8E5" bold="true" box="[151,335,1894,1918]" pageId="25" pageNumber="454">FIGURES 43–48</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D032809FFA0FED6F8B8FE3FF8E4" authority="Grogan, 2020" authorityName="Grogan" authorityYear="2020" box="[349,506,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folkertsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922809FFA0FED6F8B8FE3FF8E4" box="[349,506,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="454">Bezzia folkertsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EB9AEA922809FFA0FD8AF8B8FDF9F8E4" bold="true" box="[513,572,1895,1919]" pageId="25" pageNumber="454">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0A957E92809FFA0FD8AF8B8FDF9F8E4" box="[513,572,1895,1919]" pageId="25" pageNumber="454" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male, 43–45, Female, 46–48. 43, 47 Thorax and legs. 44 Genitalia at focal level of parameres, gonocoxites and gonostyli. 45 Genitalia at focal level of aedeagus. 46 Head. 48 Apical hind tibial spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="91F4650B280AFFA3FF4CFF49FAD2FF4F" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D9513680280AFFA3FF4CFF49FAD2FF4F" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FF4CFF49FEBCFF2B" bold="true" box="[199,377,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">Type Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="69863CDD280AFFA3FE0BFF49FAD2FF4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042855396" collectingDate="1971-05-21" collectionCode="USNM, FSCA" county="Santa Rosa Co." location="Biological Station" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="06558822280AFFA3FE0BFF49FE2DFF2B" box="[384,488,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, 
<typeStatus id="06558822280AFFA3FDBEFF49FD4AFF2B" box="[565,655,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
female, 
<specimenCount id="CFE8FD09280AFFA3FD79FF49FCFBFF2B" box="[754,830,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="06558822280AFFA3FCCDFF48FC70FF2A" box="[838,949,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingRegion id="1B2AF862280AFFA3FC4BFF49FBF9FF2B" box="[960,1084,150,176]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">FLORIDA</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="30304E0C280AFFA3FBC3FF49FB3DFF2B" box="[1096,1272,150,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">Santa Rosa Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectorName id="741B5356280AFFA3FA8FFF49FA58FF2B" box="[1284,1437,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">Blackwater A</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="741B5356280AFFA3FF3FFF64FE67FF4F" box="[180,418,186,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">
M 
<location id="DC31605B280AFFA3FF5FFF65FE67FF4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514787962807FFA3FF1CFC54FBA7FEFE:DC31605B280AFFA3FF5FFF65FE67FF4F" box="[212,418,186,212]" county="Santa Rosa Co." name="Biological Station" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" stateProvince="Florida">Biological Station</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<date id="AD501040280AFFA3FE26FF65FD81FF4F" box="[429,580,186,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" value="1971-05-21">
<collectingDate id="BD14E9A8280AFFA3FE26FF65FD81FF4F" box="[429,580,186,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" value="1971-05-21">21 May 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="741B5356280AFFA3FDDBFF65FD3EFF4F" box="[592,763,186,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">G. B. Fairchild</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="741B5356280AFFA3FC8DFF64FCBCFF4E" box="[774,889,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">B. L. Trap</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="BFFFAE45280AFFA3FC03FF65FC1BFF4F" box="[904,990,186,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
; 
<specimenCount id="CFE8FD09280AFFA3FC62FF65FBF1FF4F" box="[1001,1076,186,212]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="06558822280AFFA3FBB7FF64FB59FF4E" box="[1084,1180,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in 
<collectionCode id="BFFFAE45280AFFA3FB4BFF65FACEFF4F" box="[1216,1291,186,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F4650B280AFFA3FF4CFF01FBA7FEFE" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D9513680280AFFA3FF4CFF01FBA7FEFE" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FF4CFF01FE89FF63" bold="true" box="[199,332,222,248]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">Discussion.</emphasis>
This new species is similar to other species in the 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D03280AFFA3FCFCFF00FC32FF63" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[887,1015,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverea">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FCFCFF00FC4DFF63" box="[887,904,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FC1DFF01FC32FF63" box="[918,1015,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">pulverea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, but the male genitalia differ from other species in this complex in having narrower parameres, but, as with other species, the aedeagus is also broad with an elongate slender apical section. Finally, the moderately elongate gonostylus lacks well developed apical inner and outer prongs which are also absent in some males of 
<taxonomicName id="1EEE4D03280AFFA3FCF4FE94FBD2FEFF" authority="Grogan, 2020" authorityName="Grogan" authorityYear="2020" box="[895,1047,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Bezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amblystyla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FCF4FE94FC55FEFF" box="[895,912,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="EB9AEA92280AFFA3FC15FE95FBD2FEFF" box="[926,1047,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="455">amblystyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0A957E9280AFFA3FBADFE94FBA7FEFE" box="[1062,1122,331,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="455" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>