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SEVEN SPECIES OF 
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<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE07F860FDC0FDDF" bold="true" box="[448,564,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">CICADA</emphasis>
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REPORTED FROM 
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F824FDDDFD9D" authority="Metcalf, 1963" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityPageNumber="823" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,553,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazilensis" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F824FEA1FD9D" box="[151,341,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada brazilensis</emphasis>
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pro 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD05F824FBF0FD9D" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1830" box="[706,1028,615,639]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrea">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD05F824FCB8FD9D" box="[706,844,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada vitrea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC95F824FBF0FD9D" author="Germar" box="[850,1028,615,639]" firstAuthor="Germar" page="42" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830: 42</bibRefCitation>
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nec 
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<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FBF3F824FB4AFD9D" box="[1076,1214,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada vitrea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FB03F824FA91FD9D" author="Fabricius" box="[1220,1381,615,639]" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref12942" refString="Fabricius J. C. (1803) Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644" type="book" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F8C5FDFEFD7C" author="Metcalf, Z. P. " box="[151,522,646,670]" page="761" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F8C5FDFEFD7C" ID-CoL="V5KL" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b: 761" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityPageNumber="761" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,522,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F8C5FEC2FD7C" box="[151,310,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada confusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEFBF8C5FDFEFD7C" author="Metcalf" box="[316,522,646,670]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" page="761" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b: 761</bibRefCitation>
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pro 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD64F8C5FC05FD7C" authority="Germar, 1830: 44" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1830" box="[675,1009,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD64F8C5FCCDFD7C" box="[675,825,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada rufipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FCF8F8C5FC05FD7C" author="Germar" box="[831,1009,646,670]" firstAuthor="Germar" page="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830: 44</bibRefCitation>
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nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FBE5F8C5FAABFD7C" authority="Fabricius, 1803" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[1058,1375,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FBE5F8C5FB43FD7C" box="[1058,1207,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada rufipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FB79F8C5FAABFD7C" author="Fabricius" box="[1214,1375,646,670]" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref12942" refString="Fabricius J. C. (1803) Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644" type="book" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F8E7FDF2FD5F" author="Metcalf, Z. P. " box="[151,518,676,701]" page="830" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F8E7FDF2FD5F" ID-CoL="V5YX" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b: 830" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityPageNumber="830" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,518,676,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novella" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F8E7FEC6FD5E" box="[151,306,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada novella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEFFF8E7FDF2FD5F" author="Metcalf" box="[312,518,676,701]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" page="830" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b: 830</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FDB0F8E7FC38FD5F" authority="Germar, 1830: 44" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1830" box="[631,972,676,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FDB0F8E7FCE7FD5E" box="[631,787,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FCDDF8E6FC38FD5F" author="Germar" box="[794,972,677,701]" firstAuthor="Germar" page="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830: 44</bibRefCitation>
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nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FC3BF8E7FA92FD5F" authority="Schellenberg, 1802" authorityName="Schellenberg" authorityYear="1802" box="[1020,1382,676,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FC3BF8E7FB6DFD5E" box="[1020,1177,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FB67F8E7FA92FD5F" author="Schellenberg" box="[1184,1382,676,701]" firstAuthor="Schellenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref16361" refString="Schellenberg, J. R. (1802) [Cercopis lutea and Cicada gracilis]. Entomologische Beytrage, 1, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1802">Schellenberg, 1802</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11B3FFE65921FF50F880FDCBFD39" box="[151,575,707,731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F880FDCBFD39" author="Metcalf, Z. P. " box="[151,575,707,731]" page="804" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1963">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F880FDCBFD39" ID-CoL="V653" authority="Metcalf, 1963" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityPageNumber="804" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,575,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurescens" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F880FE9AFD39" box="[151,366,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada purpurescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEB5F880FDCBFD39" author="Metcalf" box="[370,575,707,731]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" page="804" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b: 804</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C57F4FFE65921FD83F887FD5CFD39" box="[580,680,708,731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD6BF880FBC7FD39" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1830" box="[684,1075,707,731]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD6BF880FC8AFD39" box="[684,894,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada coerulescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC44F880FBC7FD39" author="Germar" box="[899,1075,707,731]" firstAuthor="Germar" page="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830: 45</bibRefCitation>
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nec 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FBA6F880FF09FD18" authority="Fabricius, 1803" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FBA6F880FAC6FD39" box="[1121,1330,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada coerulescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FAFFF880FF09FD18" author="Fabricius" firstAuthor="Fabricius" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref12942" refString="Fabricius J. C. (1803) Systema Rhyngotorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard, Brunsvigae, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644" type="book" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF50F943FD81FCFA" blockId="12.[151,1437,615,854]" box="[151,629,768,793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F943FD85FCFA" ID-CoL="5N3V6" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,625,768,793]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11B3FFE65921FF50F943FDF3FCFB" box="[151,519,768,793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F943FDF3FCFB" author="Germar, E. F." box="[151,519,768,793]" page="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1830">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F943FEBBFCFA" box="[151,335,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada melanaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE92F942FDF3FCFB" author="Germar" box="[341,519,769,793]" firstAuthor="Germar" page="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830: 41</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
(Brasilia)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF50F95CFDC0FCD5" blockId="12.[151,1437,615,854]" box="[151,564,799,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F95CFDC4FCD5" authority="Walker, 1858" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,560,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="effecta">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11B3FFE65921FF50F95CFE1DFCD5" box="[151,489,799,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F95CFE1DFCD5" author="Walker, F. " box="[151,489,799,823]" page="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1858">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F95CFEDFFCD5" box="[151,299,799,823]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada effecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEF7F95CFE1DFCD5" author="Walker" box="[304,489,799,823]" firstAuthor="Walker" page="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16976" refString="Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858" yearSuffix="a">Walker, 1858a: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
(
<collectingRegion id="498FF87FFFE65921FE30F95CFDDDFCD5" box="[503,553,799,823]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Para</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF50F97DFDA0FCB4" blockId="12.[151,1437,615,854]" box="[151,596,830,854]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50F97DFDBBFCB4" authority="Walker, 1852" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="1131" authorityYear="1131" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,591,830,854]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucothe">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5B11B3FFE65921FF50F97DFDFDFCB4" box="[151,521,830,854]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<treatmentCitation id="0AEA108CFFE65921FF50F97DFDFDFCB4" author="Walker, F. " box="[151,521,830,854]" page="1131" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" year="1852">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F97DFEC9FCB4" box="[151,317,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada leucothe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE85F97DFDFDFCB4" author="Walker" box="[322,521,830,854]" firstAuthor="Walker" page="1131" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="909 - 1188" refId="ref16905" refString="Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584" type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker, 1852: 1131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
(
<collectingRegion id="498FF87FFFE65921FDD1F97DFDBCFCB4" box="[534,584,830,854]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Pará</collectingRegion>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3516516FFE65920FF50F9C7FC12FD67" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF50F9C7FD83FB78" blockId="12.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50F9C7FEFAFC7C" bold="true" box="[151,270,900,926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">REMARKS.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEDFF9C7FE35FC7C" author="Germar" box="[280,449,900,926]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar (1830)</bibRefCitation>
described five species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD36F9C7FCB6FC7C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[753,834,900,926]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD36F9C7FCB6FC7C" box="[753,834,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Brasilia. Four of these, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FB5BF9C7FF26FC20" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitrea">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FB5BF9C7FAC3FC7C" box="[1180,1335,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada vitrea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FA86F9C7FF26FC20" author="Germar" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF19F9EBFDD8FC20" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[222,556,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF19F9EBFE71FC20" box="[222,389,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada rufipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE4AF9EBFDD8FC20" author="Germar" box="[397,556,936,962]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FDFFF9EBFC79FC20" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[568,909,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FDFFF9EBFD13FC20" box="[568,743,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FD29F9EBFC79FC20" author="Germar" box="[750,909,936,962]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FC0DF9EBFAAEFC20" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[970,1370,936,962]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulescens">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FC0DF9EBFB40FC20" box="[970,1204,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada coerulescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FB7CF9EBFAAEFC20" author="Germar" box="[1211,1370,936,962]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, were given 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF1CF98EFE9FFC04" box="[219,363,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">nomina nova</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE53F98FFDBDFC04" author="Metcalf" box="[404,585,972,998]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf (1963b)</bibRefCitation>
to become, respectively, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FCA6F98FFB10FC04" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[865,1252,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazilensis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FCA6F98FFBC5FC04" box="[865,1073,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada brazilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FBF0F98FFB10FC04" author="Metcalf" box="[1079,1252,972,998]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FB29F98FFEB3FBE8" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FB29F98FFA68FC04" box="[1262,1436,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada confusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FF50F9B3FEB3FBE8" author="Metcalf" box="[151,327,1008,1034]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FE92F9B3FD4FFBE8" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[341,699,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novella">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE92F9B3FDF5FBE8" box="[341,513,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada novella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FDCCF9B3FD4FFBE8" author="Metcalf" box="[523,699,1008,1034]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD3DF9B3FB54FBE8" authority="Metcalf, 1963 b" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[762,1184,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurescens">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD3DF9B3FC1EFBE8" box="[762,1002,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada purpurescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC34F9B3FB54FBE8" author="Metcalf" box="[1011,1184,1008,1034]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="587 - 919" refId="ref13934" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 b) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 1. Cicadidae. Section II. Gaeninae and Cicadinae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1502, 587 - 919." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">Metcalf, 1963b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the Germar names were preoccupied. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FEA8FE57FDEBFBCC" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[367,543,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FEA8FE57FDEBFBCC" box="[367,543,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FDE8FE57FD2EFBCC" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[559,730,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novella">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FDE8FE57FD2EFBCC" box="[559,730,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada novella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FCDCFE57FBFEFBCC" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[795,1034,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurescens">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FCDCFE57FBFEFBCC" box="[795,1034,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada purpurescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were listed as part of the Brazilian cicada fauna by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE96FE7AFDD9FBB0" author="Nunes" box="[337,557,1080,1107]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunes" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref14077" refString="Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. &amp; Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]" type="book" year="2023">
Nunes 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE66FE7AFE27FBB0" box="[417,467,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
but 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FDA6FE7BFCC7FBB0" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1963" box="[609,819,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazilensis">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FDA6FE7BFCC7FBB0" box="[609,819,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada brazilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included in the work. There is a fifth species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FF50FE1FFDFCFB94" authority="Germar, 1830" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,520,1116,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50FE1FFE97FB94" box="[151,355,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada melanaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEADFE1FFDFCFB94" author="Germar" box="[362,520,1116,1142]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, that was reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F35C760DFFE65921FCDCFE1FFCABFB94" box="[795,863,1116,1142]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC43FE1FFBD8FB94" author="Germar" box="[900,1068,1116,1142]" firstAuthor="Germar" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="37 - 57" refId="ref12989" refString="Germar, E. F. (1830) Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv, 2, 37 - 57." type="journal article" year="1830">Germar (1830)</bibRefCitation>
that is also missing from the list of Brazilian species in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE5FFEC2FD87FB78" author="Nunes" box="[408,627,1152,1179]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunes" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref14077" refString="Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. &amp; Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]" type="book" year="2023">
Nunes 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE21FEC2FDECFB78" box="[486,536,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF00FEE7FE67F9A8" blockId="12.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
All five of Germar’s species were reported to originate from the “Mus. de Winthem”. Some Winthem specimens are now part of the NHMW collection but none of these species were found in the NHMW (H. Zettel, personal communication). Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FE15FEAFFD9CFAE4" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[466,616,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE15FEAFFD9CFAE4" box="[466,616,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">C. melanaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is listed as having been part of the Germar collection in 
<collectingRegion id="498FF87FFFE65921FAC1FEAFFACFFAE4" box="[1286,1339,1260,1286]" country="Ukraine" name="L'viv" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Lviv</collectingRegion>
(ZMD), the specimen is now listed as being “lost” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FDBBFF53FBF6FAC9" author="Shydlovskyy &amp; Holovachov" box="[636,1026,1296,1323]" firstAuthor="Shydlovskyy" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16444" refString="Shydlovskyy, I. V. &amp; Holovachov, O. V. (2005) Homopteran insects from the collection of E. - F. Germar in the Zoological Museum of LNU (Catalogue). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Zoological Museum, Lviv, 92 pp., 8 pls. [in Russian, English forward]" type="book" year="2005">Shydlovskyy &amp; Holovachov 2005</bibRefCitation>
). There is a label for the species in a drawer but the specimen is missing (zoomus.lviv.ua/GERMAR/ZM3845web.htm). The remaining species are not listed as being part of the Germar collection in 
<collectingRegion id="498FF87FFFE65921FD68FF1BFD10FA90" box="[687,740,1368,1394]" country="Ukraine" name="L'viv" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Lviv</collectingRegion>
(ZMD) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC8BFF1BFB24FA91" author="Shydlovskyy &amp; Holovachov" box="[844,1232,1368,1395]" firstAuthor="Shydlovskyy" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16444" refString="Shydlovskyy, I. V. &amp; Holovachov, O. V. (2005) Homopteran insects from the collection of E. - F. Germar in the Zoological Museum of LNU (Catalogue). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Zoological Museum, Lviv, 92 pp., 8 pls. [in Russian, English forward]" type="book" year="2005">Shydlovskyy &amp; Holovachov 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and could not be located. The original descriptions are sufficiently vague so that no specific generic assignments can be made but there are some hints as to placement (e.g. size and opercular shape of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FC6AFFE3FB8DFA58" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1830" box="[941,1145,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanaria">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FC6AFFE3FB8DFA58" box="[941,1145,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada melanaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest it is a member of the Fidicinini). As a result, no further determination as to the correct generic assignment is possible for Germar’s species at this time and the genus and tribe remain as part of the Brazilian cicada fauna even though 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FAE8FFABFA74F9E0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1327,1408,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FAE8FFABFA74F9E0" box="[1327,1408,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mainly found in the western Palaearctic and true members of the genus are not represented in the New World (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FF58FC73FE73F9A8" author="Marshall" box="[159,391,1584,1611]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marshall" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref13722" refString="Marshall, D. C., Moulds, M. S., Hill, K. B. R., Price, B. W., Wade, E. J., Owen, C. J., Goemans, G., Marathe, K., Sarkar, V., Cooley, J. R., Sanborn, A. F., Kunte, K., Villet, M. H. &amp; Simon, C. (2018) A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily level classification. Zootaxa, 4424 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4424.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Marshall 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FECCFC72FEC8F9A8" box="[267,316,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65921FF00FC17FB43F86C" blockId="12.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FF00FC17FE97F98D" author="Walker" box="[199,355,1620,1647]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="909 - 1188" refId="ref16905" refString="Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584" type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker (1852</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FEA9FC17FE41F98D" author="Walker" box="[366,437,1620,1647]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16976" refString="Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858" yearSuffix="a">1858a</bibRefCitation>
) also described species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD25FC17FCC7F98C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[738,819,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD25FC17FCC7F98C" box="[738,819,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F35C760DFFE65921FCBFFC17FC48F98C" box="[888,956,1620,1646]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Brazil</collectingCountry>
that were not included in the list of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FA92FC16FED0F970" author="Nunes" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunes" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref14077" refString="Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. &amp; Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]" type="book" year="2023">
Nunes 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FF50FC3AFF24F970" box="[151,208,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">et al.</emphasis>
(2023)
</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FEE8FC3BFD8EF971" authority="Walker, 1858 a" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[303,634,1656,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="effecta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FEE8FC3BFE26F970" box="[303,466,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada effecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE1EFC3BFD8EF971" author="Walker" box="[473,634,1656,1683]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16976" refString="Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858" yearSuffix="a">Walker, 1858a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD76FC3BFBF0F971" authority="Walker, 1852" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1852" box="[689,1028,1656,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucothe">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD76FC3BFC9CF970" box="[689,872,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada leucothe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FCA8FC3BFBF0F971" author="Walker" box="[879,1028,1656,1683]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="909 - 1188" refId="ref16905" refString="Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584" type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were both reported as originating in Pará. These are both smaller cicada species (body length and wing span about 
<quantity id="4CB39B78FFE65921FBC2FCDFFB9DF955" box="[1029,1129,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CB39B78FFE65921FB58FCDFFAF7F955" box="[1183,1283,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="52.5">52.5 mm</quantity>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FAF6FCDFFEBFF939" authority="(Walker, 1858 a)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="effecta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FAF6FCDFFA69F954" box="[1329,1437,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">C. effecta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FF58FC83FEB7F939" author="Walker" box="[159,323,1728,1755]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref16976" refString="Walker, F. (1858 a) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq. Homoptera. John van Voorts, London, 117 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5112" type="book" year="1858" yearSuffix="a">Walker, 1858a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<quantity id="4CB39B78FFE65921FE47FC83FE10F939" box="[384,484,1728,1755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CB39B78FFE65921FDDEFC83FD89F939" box="[537,637,1728,1755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" unit="mm" value="37.8">37.8 mm</quantity>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD6DFC83FC14F939" authority="(Walker, 1852))" authorityName="Walker, 1852:" authorityYear="1131" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[682,992,1728,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucothe">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD6DFC83FCDDF938" box="[682,809,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">C. leucothe</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FCF0FC83FC3AF939" author="Walker" box="[823,974,1728,1755]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="909 - 1188" refId="ref16905" refString="Walker, F. (1852) List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. British Museum Trustees, London, ix + 280 pp., VIII pls. [pp. i - ix + 909 - 1188, pls. I - VIII] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1584" type="book chapter" year="1852">Walker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
that could be assigned to one of several genera. However, Walker primarily used fore wing venation as a means to describe species and there is no way to reduce the number of possible genera that fit the limited description provided along with the description of the venation pattern. The 
<typeStatus id="54F0883FFFE65921FE57FD6EFE34F8A5" box="[400,448,1837,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">type</typeStatus>
specimens for these two species should have been deposited in the BMNH but neither could be found in the collection (M. Webb personal communication). As a result, no generic reassignment can be made for these two species either and they must remain assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FC57FD37FC15F86C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[912,993,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FC57FD37FC15F86C" box="[912,993,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the time being.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE65920FF00FDDAFEAEFEFF" blockId="12.[151,1437,900,2043]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
In addition to the valid taxa described in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FD40FDDBFD2CF850" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[647,728,1944,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FD40FDDBFD2CF850" box="[647,728,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are four 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FCB9FDDAFBE4F850" box="[894,1040,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">nomina nuda</emphasis>
that have been reported to originate in 
<collectingCountry id="F35C760DFFE65921FF74FDFFFF0FF834" box="[179,251,1980,2006]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FEC2FDFFFD87F834" authority="Billberg, 1820" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[261,627,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttulus">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FEC2FDFFFE38F834" box="[261,460,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada biguttulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FE15FDFFFD87F834" author="Billberg" box="[466,627,1980,2006]" firstAuthor="Billberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref11661" refString="Billberg, G. J. (1820) Enumeratio inectorum in Museo. Typis Gadelianis, Stockholm, 138 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49763" type="book" year="1820">Billberg, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nud.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FCCEFDFFFBA8F834" authority="Billberg, 1820" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[777,1116,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FCCEFDFFFC42F834" box="[777,950,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FC7BFDFFFBA8F834" author="Billberg" box="[956,1116,1980,2006]" firstAuthor="Billberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref11661" refString="Billberg, G. J. (1820) Enumeratio inectorum in Museo. Typis Gadelianis, Stockholm, 138 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49763" type="book" year="1820">Billberg, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nud.), 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FB34FDFFFEC3F818" authority="Billberg, 1820" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FB34FDFFFA68F834" box="[1267,1436,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Cicada signata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FF50FDA3FEC3F818" author="Billberg" box="[151,311,2016,2042]" firstAuthor="Billberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref11661" refString="Billberg, G. J. (1820) Enumeratio inectorum in Museo. Typis Gadelianis, Stockholm, 138 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49763" type="book" year="1820">Billberg, 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nud.), and 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE65921FE3FFDA3FD7EF818" box="[504,650,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE65921FE3FFDA3FDBDF818" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[504,585,2016,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cicada</taxonomicName>
costa
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE65921FD48FDA3FCEFF819" author="Dohrn" box="[655,795,2016,2043]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn, 1859</bibRefCitation>
(nom. nud.) are all reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F35C760DFFE65921FB48FDA3FB27F818" box="[1167,1235,2016,2042]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Brazil</collectingCountry>
but the species do not meet the requirements to be valid under the 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FD6CFAD4FD12FF53" box="[683,742,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Code</emphasis>
since they are all part of species lists without any descriptions provided. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FECEFAF8FE42FF37" author="Billberg" box="[265,438,187,213]" firstAuthor="Billberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref11661" refString="Billberg, G. J. (1820) Enumeratio inectorum in Museo. Typis Gadelianis, Stockholm, 138 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 49763" type="book" year="1820">Billberg (1820)</bibRefCitation>
lists himself as the source (“Eg. = Auctor hujus operis” = the author of this work) for the species with page numbers that are beyond the end of the work so it appears the species were never described and are 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FF07FB40FEA7FEFF" box="[192,339,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">nomina nuda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE75920FF00FB64FD59FE17" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
In contrast, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FE8BFB64FE10FEA3" author="Dohrn" box="[332,484,294,321]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn (1859)</bibRefCitation>
appears to have misspelled “casta” rather than intentionally introducing a new name. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FF50FB08FEC5FE87" author="Dohrn" box="[151,305,330,357]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn (1859)</bibRefCitation>
provides a list of names for the genus 
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<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FD23FB08FCC1FE87" box="[740,821,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Cicada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including “costa”. The name “costa” is part of a series of names that are attributed to Stål, the species are listed in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FC87FB2CFC2EFE6B" author="Dohrn" box="[832,986,366,393]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn (1859)</bibRefCitation>
in the same order as the species in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FAB6FB2DFF10FE4F" author="Stal" firstAuthor="Stal" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="231 - 255" refId="ref16654" refString="Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255." type="journal article" year="1854">Stål (1854)</bibRefCitation>
, and there is a 
<typeStatus id="54F0883FFFE75920FE59FBD0FE3AFE4F" box="[414,462,403,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FE3BFBD0FCE7FE4F" authority="Stal, 1854" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1854" box="[508,787,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FE3BFBD0FD66FE4E" box="[508,658,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Cicada casta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FD5AFBD1FCE7FE4F" author="Stal" box="[669,787,402,429]" firstAuthor="Stal" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="231 - 255" refId="ref16654" refString="Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255." type="journal article" year="1854">
Stål, 
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the NHRS. This suggests that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FB65FBD0FACBFE4F" author="Dohrn" box="[1186,1343,402,429]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn (1859)</bibRefCitation>
did not introduce a 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FEDEFBF4FE41FE33" box="[281,437,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">nomen nudum</emphasis>
but included a misspelled name in his list of species and 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FBEFFBF4FB4EFE32" box="[1064,1210,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FBEFFBF4FB8DFE33" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1064,1145,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cicada</taxonomicName>
costa
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FB07FBF4FAB8FE33" author="Dohrn" box="[1216,1356,438,465]" firstAuthor="Dohrn" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref12612" refString="Dohrn, F. A. (1859) Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen Verein zu Stettin, Buchdruckerei von Herrecke &amp; Lebeling, Stettin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8515" type="book" year="1859">Dohrn, 1859</bibRefCitation>
should not be considered a 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FEB0FB98FDE1FE17" box="[375,533,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">nomen nudum</emphasis>
in the future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF4369DFFE75920FF00FBBCFC12FD67" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FF00FBBCFE8BFDFB" author="Metcalf" box="[199,383,511,537]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="1 - 492" refId="ref13979" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 c) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 2. Tibicinidae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1564, i - vi + 1 - 492." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="c">Metcalf (1963c)</bibRefCitation>
includes 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FE37FBBCFD71FDFA" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1854" box="[496,645,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FE37FBBCFD71FDFA" box="[496,645,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Cicada casta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FC63FBBCFAD6FDFB" authority="Walker, 1858 b" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[932,1314,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Parnisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="designata">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FC63FBBCFB87FDFB" box="[932,1139,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Parnisa designata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FBBAFBBCFAD6FDFB" author="Walker" box="[1149,1314,510,537]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref17027" refString="Walker, F. (1858 b) List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Supplement. British Museum Trustees, London, 307 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9063" type="book" year="1858" yearSuffix="b">Walker, 1858b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(a species included in the list of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FE4EF860FDA6FDDF" author="Nunes" box="[393,594,547,573]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nunes" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" refId="ref14077" refString="Nunes, V. L., Ruschel, T. P., Maccagnan, D. H. B., Simies, P. C. &amp; Acosta, R. C. (2023) Cigarras do Brasil, Guia Fotographica. 1 a edicao. ebook. 46 pp. [https: // zenodo. org / record / 7712483]" type="book" year="2023">
Nunes 
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FE10F860FDFCFDDF" box="[471,520,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
). Although not explicitly stated in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FC16F860FB73FDDF" author="Metcalf" box="[977,1159,547,573]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="1 - 492" refId="ref13979" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 c) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 2. Tibicinidae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1564, i - vi + 1 - 492." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="c">Metcalf (1963c)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FB55F860FA68FDDF" authority="Stal, 1854" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1854" box="[1170,1436,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FB55F860FAD1FDDE" box="[1170,1317,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Cicada casta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FAECF861FA68FDDF" author="Stal" box="[1323,1436,546,573]" firstAuthor="Stal" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="231 - 255" refId="ref16654" refString="Stal, C. (1854) Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Forhandlingar, 11, 231 - 255." type="journal article" year="1854">Stål, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a primary homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D1EFFE75920FE04F804FD08FD83" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[451,764,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="casta">
<emphasis id="B93FEA8FFFE75920FE04F804FDACFD82" box="[451,600,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Cicada casta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FDA6F804FD08FD83" author="Gmelin" box="[609,764,583,609]" firstAuthor="Gmelin" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="1517 - 2224" refId="ref13048" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tom. 1, Pars IV. Impensis Georg. Emanuel. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 1517 - 2224. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36932" type="book chapter" year="1789">Gmelin, 1789</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B6CFFE75920FCF1F804FC19FD83" author="Metcalf" box="[822,1005,583,609]" firstAuthor="Metcalf" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" pagination="1 - 492" refId="ref13979" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1963 c) General catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VIII. Cicadoidea. Part 2. Tibicinidae. North Carolina State College Contribution, 1564, i - vi + 1 - 492." type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="c">Metcalf (1963c)</bibRefCitation>
appears to have made the next oldest available name the valid taxon name following Article 23.3.5 (ICZN 1999).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>