<documentid="E76C1CAFB558DB7F8249F8B425BFC071"ID-CLB-Dataset="48132"ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207073"ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3815507-6100-464e-aaf6-60d6820a1eec"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="207073"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1460228776049"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard & Queiroz, Kevin De"docDate="2011"docId="038287FDFFA3605D69838DC9D0F2F9EA"docLanguage="en"docName="zt02752p044.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 2752"docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article"docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article"docStyleVersion="4"docTitle="Enyalioides palpebralis Boulenger 1883"docType="treatment"docVersion="11"lastPageNumber="27"masterDocId="FFBBFF85FFBB604769148B6ED174FF93"masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)"masterLastPageNumber="44"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="25"updateTime="1720202091178"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="D6E51906022EB9C5C543E802B3A94406">A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA3605F68D48DC9D3F2F952"author="Boulenger"box="[448,646,1703,1729]"pageId="24"pageNumber="38"refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1883) Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Enyalius. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1883, 46, 1 plate."type="book"year="1883">Boulenger 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B9436EBFFA3605F69838D88D3CCF96F"blockId="24.[151,768,1766,1819]"box="[151,696,1766,1788]"pageId="24"pageNumber="25">Proposed standard English name: horned woodlizards</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B9436EBFFA3605F69838C6BD274F888"blockId="24.[151,768,1766,1819]"box="[151,768,1797,1819]"pageId="24"pageNumber="25">Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de palo cornudas</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA3605F68618C55D33BF8C2"author="Boulenger"box="[373,591,1851,1873]"pageId="24"pageNumber="38"refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1883) Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Enyalius. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1883, 46, 1 plate."type="book"year="1883">Boulenger (1883:46)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA3605F689A8C17D305F81C"author="Boulenger"box="[398,625,1913,1935]"pageId="24"pageNumber="38"refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp."type="book"year="1885">Boulenger (1885:116)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA3605F6B6F8C14D216F81C"author="Burt"box="[635,866,1913,1935]"pageId="24"pageNumber="38"refString="Burt, C. E. & Burt, M. D. (1933) A preliminary check list of the lizards of South America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St Louis, 28, 1 - 104."type="journal article"year="1933">Burt & Burt (1933:24)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA3605F6A798C14D5ABF81C"author="Peters"box="[877,1247,1913,1935]"pageId="24"pageNumber="40"refString="Peters, J. A. & Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293."type="journal article"year="1970">Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970:115)</bibRefCitation>
in having a superciliary triangular flap projecting posterolaterally over each eye; a wide postorbital process of the squamosal (process narrow in other species); a pair of enlarged dorsal tubercles on the posterolateral aspect of the parietal roof; and in lacking a posteriorly projecting squamosal process of the postorbital (
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA2605E6BA78BD2D383FF47"box="[691,759,188,212]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="25.[151,250,716,739]"captionTargetBox="[246,1342,305,693]"captionTargetId="figure@25.[243,1344,301,695]"captionTargetPageId="25"captionText="FIGURE 8. Skulls of Enyalioides palpebralis (left) and E. laticeps (right) in lateral view. dt = dorsal tubercle of parietal bone; po = postorbital; sq = squamosal."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207085/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6A178BD2D568FF47"author="Wiens"box="[771,1052,188,212]"pageId="25"pageNumber="41"refString="Wiens, J. J. & Etheridge, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships of hoplocercid lizards: Coding and combining meristic, morphometric, and polymorphic data using step matrices. Herpetologica, 59, 375 - 398."type="journal article"year="2003">Wiens & Etheridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
(1) dorsal head scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting dorsally; (2) posterior superciliaries enlarged, pointed, and projecting laterally; (3) scales on lateral edge of skull roof just posterior to superciliaries strongly projecting; the projection is more pronounced in adults; (4) one or two enlarged pretympanic scales present; (5) gular scales conical or multicarinate, strongly projecting ventrally; (6) dorsal and lateral neck scales heterogeneous in size, granular and conical scales of various sizes present; (7) vertebrals larger than adjacent dorsals, forming distinct raised middorsal crest that usually (85.9%) extends onto tail as a pair of crests; (8) nuchal region with discontinuous (85.7%) and single middorsal crest; (9) dorsals usually (71.4%) keeled and heterogeneous in size (85.7%); (10) discontinuous longitudinal row of large conical scales between dorsals and flank scales present; (11) scales on flanks keeled or smooth, heterogeneous in size; largest scales are conical in some specimens; (12) ventrals keeled; (13) fore limb scales mostly keeled dorsally and ventrally; (14) hind limb scales mostly keeled dorsally and ventrally; scattered enlarged scales present dorsally; dorsal scales of pes homogeneous in size; (15) caudals heterogeneous, slightly increasing in size posteriorly on each segment (4–6 scales in lateral view), not modified as conspicuous spines (
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA2605E6B1A8FB0D326FB65"box="[526,594,1246,1270]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="12.[151,250,1517,1540]"captionTargetBox="[280,1305,321,1491]"captionTargetId="figure@12.[274,1314,306,1505]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 3. Caudal segments from the anterior third of the tail of ten species of Hoplocercinae in lateral view. (A) Enyalioides cofanorum, (B) E. heterolepis, (C) E. laticeps, (D) E. microlepis, (E) E. oshaughnessyi, (F) E. palpebralis, (G) E. praestabilis, (H) E. rubrigularis, (I) E. touzeti, and (J) Morunasaurus annularis. Scale bars = 5 mm. Illustration by D. Paucar."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207076/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); (16) tail compressed laterally. Meristic and morphometric characters are presented in
<tableCitationid="C6A90350FFA2605E68328E6CD00EFA89"box="[294,378,1282,1306]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="6.[151,235,1304,1325]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1377,1892]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of counts and measurements (mm) for species of Hoplocercinae. Range (first line) and mean ± standard"httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD"pageId="25"pageNumber="26"tableUuid="DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD">Table 1</tableCitation>
<emphasisid="B95FEAF9FFA2605E69D18E48D0E5FAAC"bold="true"box="[197,401,1318,1343]"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Coloration in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA2605E68B48E48D092FAAD"box="[416,486,1318,1342]"captionStart="FIGURE 4"captionStartId="14.[151,250,1897,1920]"captionTargetBox="[204,1383,190,1874]"captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1384,184,1876]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of live lizards representing twelve species of Hoplocercinae."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207077/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Dorsal background yellowish brown, dark brown, or greenish beige, with tan spots (males) or black marks forming reticulate bands; neck and shoulders with scattered dark brown spots; orange or red blotch on each side of neck in both sexes usually present; elongate tan blotch or irregular stripe extends from the dorsolateral surface of the head to a point dorsal to the insertion of the arm in females; flanks with reddish-brown reticulate pattern on greenish-gray background; venter white, whitish brown, or beige, with irregular black markings in juveniles; throat yellow in males and brownish in females; iris reddish tan (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6D4B8EB4D587FA61"author="Meede"box="[1119,1267,1498,1522]"pageId="25"pageNumber="40"refString="Meede, U. (1984) Herpetologische Studien uber Echsen (Sauria) in einem begrenzten Gebiet des Tropischen Regenwaldes in Peru: morphologische Kriterien, Autokologie und Zoogeographie. Artenliste der Reptilien im Untersuchungsgebiet., p. 1 - 189. Vol. Doctoral dissertation. Universitat Hamburg."type="book chapter"year="1984">Meede 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6C158EB4D1A7F985"author="Reichle"pageId="25"pageNumber="40"refString="Reichle, S., Cortez, C., Padial, J. M. & de la Riva, I. (2004) Notes on Enyalioides palpebralis (Boulenger, 1883) (Reptilia: Squamata: Hoplocercidae) in Bolivia. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 15, 14 - 16."type="journal article"year="2004">
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E69C98E90D0E4F985"author="Duellman"box="[221,400,1534,1558]"pageId="25"pageNumber="39"refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico, the lives of amphibian and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, xvi + 433 pp."type="book"year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
); lining of mouth orange (
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA2605E6BA08E90D387F985"box="[692,755,1534,1558]"captionStart="FIGURE 4"captionStartId="14.[151,250,1897,1920]"captionTargetBox="[204,1383,190,1874]"captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1384,184,1876]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of live lizards representing twelve species of Hoplocercinae."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207077/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Fig.4</figureCitation>
Based on observations of specimens in captivity, Schulte (1998) described fights between males in which one combatant bites the other’s superciliary flap or nuchal crest and shakes it strongly; a male will also bite and hold a female by her nuchal crests during copulation. Clutch consists of 2–
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6B2E8DE0D3BEF935"author="Meede"box="[570,714,1678,1702]"pageId="25"pageNumber="40"refString="Meede, U. (1984) Herpetologische Studien uber Echsen (Sauria) in einem begrenzten Gebiet des Tropischen Regenwaldes in Peru: morphologische Kriterien, Autokologie und Zoogeographie. Artenliste der Reptilien im Untersuchungsgebiet., p. 1 - 189. Vol. Doctoral dissertation. Universitat Hamburg."type="book chapter"year="1984">Meede 1984</bibRefCitation>
; Schulte 1998). This species is a sit-and-wait predator, and it has been found in leaf-litter or perching on the bases of tree trunks (no higher than
) in primary terra firme forest and primary forest edges, sometimes close to water (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6BE18DB8D2CCF97D"author="Avila-Pires"box="[757,952,1750,1774]"pageId="25"pageNumber="38"refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706."type="journal article"year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
include caterpillars, spiders, aquatic dipteran larvae, diplopods, chilopods, beetle larvae, grasshoppers, and ants (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E68168C70D0E6F8A5"author="Meede"box="[258,402,1822,1846]"pageId="25"pageNumber="40"refString="Meede, U. (1984) Herpetologische Studien uber Echsen (Sauria) in einem begrenzten Gebiet des Tropischen Regenwaldes in Peru: morphologische Kriterien, Autokologie und Zoogeographie. Artenliste der Reptilien im Untersuchungsgebiet., p. 1 - 189. Vol. Doctoral dissertation. Universitat Hamburg."type="book chapter"year="1984">Meede 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E68898C70D302F8A5"author="Reichle"box="[413,630,1822,1846]"pageId="25"pageNumber="40"refString="Reichle, S., Cortez, C., Padial, J. M. & de la Riva, I. (2004) Notes on Enyalioides palpebralis (Boulenger, 1883) (Reptilia: Squamata: Hoplocercidae) in Bolivia. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 15, 14 - 16."type="journal article"year="2004">
<figureCitationid="13102A6EFFA2605E6AD88C08D564F8ED"box="[972,1040,1894,1918]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="26.[151,250,1386,1409]"captionTargetBox="[157,1429,206,1356]"captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1365]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Enyalioides palpebralis (dots) and Hoplocercus spinosus (triangles)."httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207086/files/figure.png"pageId="25"pageNumber="26">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). This species is known to occur in sympatry with
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6B968CE4D246F831"author="Duellman"box="[642,818,1930,1954]"pageId="25"pageNumber="39"refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico, the lives of amphibian and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, xvi + 433 pp."type="book"year="2005">Duellman 2005</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA2605E6D368CE4D590F831"author="Avila-Pires"box="[1058,1252,1930,1954]"pageId="25"pageNumber="38"refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706."type="journal article"year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
has been regarded as the only hoplocercine lacking femoral pores (
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D6C768EC0D054FA7A"author="Boulenger"pageId="26"pageNumber="38"refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp."type="book"year="1885">Boulenger 1885</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitationid="EFBA4B1AFFA1605D68388EBFD099FA7A"author="Avila-Pires"box="[300,493,1489,1513]"pageId="26"pageNumber="38"refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706."type="journal article"year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
, in which a few specimens also lack femoral pores (
<tableCitationid="C6A90350FFA1605D6B798D50D3B5F9C5"box="[621,705,1598,1622]"captionStart="TABLE 1"captionStartId="6.[151,235,1304,1325]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1377,1892]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of counts and measurements (mm) for species of Hoplocercinae. Range (first line) and mean ± standard"httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD"pageId="26"pageNumber="27"tableUuid="DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD">Table 1</tableCitation>
