383 lines
43 KiB
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383 lines
43 KiB
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<document id="929FA1D54D016575084B99C44B94D627" ID-CLB-Dataset="42368" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="abc9a44f-6450-45e2-ac8e-a701890f2183" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="231588" ID-ZooBank="2074451D-0F39-4D4E-AE91-E29931519003" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936336207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nartshuk, Emilia P. & Kurina, Olavi" docDate="2014" docId="03C5B975FF89FFADFF549F768616FA2A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p300.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gaurax mycophagus Nartshuk, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="FFFCC10DFF89FFAFFFC39A49872BFFFE" masterDocTitle="A new mycophagous species of the genus Gaurax Loew, 1863 (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Benin, Africa" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="297" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1698582783613" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="ADBCBE66519E273866E3A4D10973370F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3E2F7ECE84D81009AE5EA5D2D74F6153">
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<mods:title id="C51905C18B7DDBC3C01A388DADBE9ADE">A new mycophagous species of the genus Gaurax Loew, 1863 (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Benin, Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9555CA9E479C58C524170CF8E33F5498" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1502070B10DAB2A49FD4E589939CDC6C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C23AFBE44CB707DA3CCFFBF6C2997AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1F40FE0D2164CA6E93246494B48BEE67">Nartshuk, Emilia P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="482FE23360AC35D7104BD4F504D6D078" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7A711056FA338C68489FC4629B25456F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="63CEBCD3C3FAFE14B05A1A56ABFFC89E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E517864C69DB1279BF5641245A204ADD">Kurina, Olavi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="323D7E7457935A56066B5F563B9193D3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="8421BCAFBF03160F648076C9731264E0" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="49C967F3D943026F39818B136E442FF0">
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<mods:title id="11E8AF77DEA1B11134DDDEE14A1B6CCF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D8DEBC30F6A64E34C448CE69B88597CF">
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<mods:date id="029C3F1C8EBC79D336C8CB1C0352ACCB">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0B16E2DF1B13E6505F67832871B681EA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E32A913942CCC30AE2014D7EE712BD9C">3873</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="03312F46DDA895A15C0389730AC043BD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="778F2DA2F6A708CD4A27BF26AA18DDD6">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="8F090BDC3C616410E36FF43F4EF892EA" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="5DA8B8CEE506D39020ECD6C2366F9B43">297</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FA788BC9114663F8D11E15F5EC5F1D2A">300</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="396E6CAE269B9A2AE4F67FA4D239E78F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A631A3526EACDB0B1BBC3E3CC02A2FF5" type="CLB-Dataset">42368</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFAAB0E686C16BDAD277E281C147F137" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="478A8820CF8CAFB70283B9E7A4AAE8F6" type="GBIF-Dataset">abc9a44f-6450-45e2-ac8e-a701890f2183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B41F736D1AB76B576A7E50C7BE8359C1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F642FA7048EE441773BFE5FFBD82A846" type="Zenodo-Dep">231588</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F0222288687663DBA5F103A7EA36A22F" type="ZooBank">2074451D-0F39-4D4E-AE91-E29931519003</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C5B975FF89FFADFF549F768616FA2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6142404" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6142404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5B975FF89FFADFF549F768616FA2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5B975FF89FFADFF549F768616FA2A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="C3765BE8FF89FFAFFF549F7687CDFA87" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF549F76854AFAA7" blockId="0.[151,609,1343,1401]" box="[151,609,1343,1369]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="D09BBF0FFF89FFAFFF549F76854AFAA7" bold="true" box="[151,609,1343,1369]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFF549F76854AFAA7" bold="true" box="[151,609,1343,1369]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF89FFAFFF549F768538FAA7" ID-CoL="9HZJS" authority="Nartshuk" authorityName="Nartshuk" box="[151,531,1343,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mycophagus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFF549F7686B9FAA7" bold="true" box="[151,402,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Gaurax mycophagus</emphasis>
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Nartshuk
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B690AFF89FFAFFDDC9F76854AFAA7" box="[543,609,1343,1369]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF549F2B87CDFA87" blockId="0.[151,609,1343,1401]" box="[151,230,1378,1401]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135714E6FF89FFAFFF5C9F2B87F6FA87" box="[159,221,1378,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[261,1319,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1319,194,1855]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gaurax mycophagus Nartshuk sp. n. (A – E, holotype; F, paratype). A. epandrium and hypandrium, ventral view. B. epandrium, lateral view. C. epandrium, posterodorsal view. D. epandrium, posterior view. E. hypandrium and phallic complex, lateral view. F. habitus, female. Scale bar = 0.1 mm (A – E) and 0.5 mm (F). Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, ep = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, ph = phallus, postg = postgonite, preg = pregonite, sur = surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231589/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3765BE8FF89FFAFFF549FEE8434F9B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF549FEE8576F9FD" blockId="0.[151,1437,1447,1990]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFF549FEE866AFA40" bold="true" box="[151,321,1447,1470]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF89FFAFFF549FEE87E4FA40" box="[151,207,1447,1470]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFE8F9FEE869EFA40" box="[332,437,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF89FFAFFE8F9FEE869AFA40" box="[332,433,1447,1470]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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♂, Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="F37B48F3FF89FFAFFDF89FEE8556FA40" box="[571,637,1447,1470]" name="Benin" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Benin</collectingCountry>
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, Kpessou,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE586EA4FF89FFAFFD399FEE847CFA40" box="[762,855,1447,1470]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="9.6">9.600 N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE586EA4FF89FFAFFCA59FEE84EBFA40" box="[870,960,1447,1470]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="2.185">2.185 E</geoCoordinate>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF89FFAFFC379FEE83E6FA40" box="[1012,1229,1447,1470]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Amanitaceae" genus="Amanita" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subviscosa">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFC379FEE83E6FA40" box="[1012,1229,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Amanita subviscosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(TU116118), coll.
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<date id="FFD22EA3FF89FFAFFF549F83863AFA1F" box="[151,273,1482,1505]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" value="2010-06-30">30.06.2010</date>
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, emerg.
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<date id="FFD22EA3FF89FFAFFEA99F8386CEFA1F" box="[362,485,1482,1505]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" value="2010-07-13">13.07.2010</date>
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, leg. L. Tedersoo (slide mounted in Euparal, hypopygium in glycerine, in
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<collectionCode id="ED7D90A6FF89FFAFFB329F838209FA1F" box="[1265,1314,1482,1505]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">ZIN</collectionCode>
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).
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFAF79F8382B6FA1F" box="[1332,1437,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF89FFAFFAF79F8382B2FA1F" box="[1332,1433,1482,1505]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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♀, same as
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<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF89FFAFFED09FA5865BF9FD" box="[275,368,1516,1539]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(in alcohol, in
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<collectionCode id="ED7D90A6FF89FFAFFDD19FA58579F9FD" box="[530,594,1516,1539]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9bph-kj5p" name="Institute of Zoology and Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">IZBE</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF049C468434F9B7" blockId="0.[151,1437,1447,1990]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFF049C4686E7F9D8" bold="true" box="[199,460,1551,1574]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Other material studied</emphasis>
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. ♀,
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<collectingCountry id="F37B48F3FF89FFAFFE399C468517F9D8" box="[506,572,1551,1574]" name="Benin" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Benin</collectingCountry>
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, Koussanzamou,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE586EA4FF89FFAFFD3B9C468476F9D8" box="[760,861,1551,1574]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="10.211">10.211 N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE586EA4FF89FFAFFCA49C468496F9D8" box="[871,957,1551,1574]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" precision="55" value="1.447">1.447 E</geoCoordinate>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF89FFAFFC2B9C468376F9D8" box="[1000,1117,1551,1574]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Boletaceae</taxonomicName>
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(TU116120), coll. 5.07.2010, emerg. 15–
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<date id="FFD22EA3FF89FFAFFECF9C7B86A2F9B7" box="[268,393,1586,1609]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" value="2010-07-20">20.07.2010</date>
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, leg. L. Tedersoo (in alcohol, in
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<collectionCode id="ED7D90A6FF89FFAFFD219C7B8438F9B7" box="[738,787,1586,1609]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">ZIN</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3765BE8FF89FFADFF049C1D843DFEE9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF049C1D824DF908" blockId="0.[151,1437,1447,1990]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFF049C1D8679F995" bold="true" box="[199,338,1620,1643]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Description.</emphasis>
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Small flies with an overall yellow body colour in male and darkened thorax in females. Ocellar triangle extending 2/
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<docIssue id="CF0F778CFF89FFAFFEDC9C3E8600F970" box="[287,299,1655,1678]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">3</docIssue>
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the length of frons, yellow except for a black ocellar tubercle in males and darkened in females. Frons microtomentose, ocellar triangle shiny. Two ocellar bristles, reclinate, somewhat smaller and darker than inclinate postocellar bristles. Occiput black below ocellar triangle and along eye. Antenna yellow, postpedicel reniform. Arista short, pubescent. Eye large, oval. Gena below eye as broad as postpedicel, not projecting beyond eye. Palpus black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF049D4B83C8F85A" blockId="0.[151,1437,1447,1990]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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Thorax yellow with a black mark on anepisternum in male and with darkened scutum and four black marks on pleura in female. Metanotum black. Scutellum pale, lighter than scutum, both dusted. Two pale yellow apical scutellar bristles, as long as scutellum. Notopleural bristles 1+2. Abdomen yellow with tergites 4–5 darkened. Fore leg pale yellow, middle and hind legs pale yellow with black knees (tip of femur and base of tibia). Claws black. Mid-femoral organ absent. Wing hyaline with yellow veins, venation typical of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF89FFAFFC999DC48480F85A" box="[858,939,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF89FFAFFC999DC48480F85A" box="[858,939,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">Gaurax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. Haltere pale yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF89FFAFFF549DE686AAF838" blockId="0.[151,1437,1447,1990]" box="[151,385,1967,1990]" pageId="0" pageNumber="297">
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Body length:
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<quantity id="4C94A586FF89FFAFFEEB9DE68656F838" box="[296,381,1967,1990]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="0" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1358EBFF88FFAEFF549D38821FF80E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231589/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" targetBox="[261,1319,194,1855]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BD30863FF88FFAEFF549D38821FF80E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1905,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFF549D388631F876" bold="true" box="[151,282,1905,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF88FFAEFEE19D388541F876" authority="Nartshuk" authorityName="Nartshuk" box="[290,618,1905,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mycophagus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFEE19D38852BF876" box="[290,512,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Gaurax mycophagus</emphasis>
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Nartshuk
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B690AFF88FFAEFDB19D388585F876" box="[626,686,1905,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFDB19D388585F876" bold="true" box="[626,686,1905,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
(A–E, holotype; F, paratype).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFC3A9D388338F876" bold="true" box="[1017,1043,1905,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">A.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
epandrium and hypandrium, ventral view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFF1B9DDD87DBF855" bold="true" box="[216,240,1940,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">B.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
epandrium, lateral view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFDC69DDD8534F855" bold="true" box="[517,543,1940,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">C.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
epandrium, posterodorsal view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFC429DDD84B1F855" bold="true" box="[897,922,1940,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">D.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
epandrium, posterior view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFB0F9DDD83CFF855" bold="true" box="[1228,1252,1940,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">E.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
hypandrium and phallic complex, lateral view.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF88FFAEFE269DFF86DCF833" bold="true" box="[485,503,1974,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">F.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
habitus, female. Scale bar = 0.1 mm (A–E) and 0.5 mm (F). Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, ep = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, ph = phallus, postg = postgonite, preg = pregonite, sur = surstylus.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049AD1843DFEE9" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
Male genitalia (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="135714E6FF8BFFADFEB39AD18684FF51" box="[368,431,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1905,1928]" captionTargetBox="[261,1319,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[261,1319,194,1855]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gaurax mycophagus Nartshuk sp. n. (A – E, holotype; F, paratype). A. epandrium and hypandrium, ventral view. B. epandrium, lateral view. C. epandrium, posterodorsal view. D. epandrium, posterior view. E. hypandrium and phallic complex, lateral view. F. habitus, female. Scale bar = 0.1 mm (A – E) and 0.5 mm (F). Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, ep = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, ph = phallus, postg = postgonite, preg = pregonite, sur = surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231589/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A–E). Epandrium of usual form for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFCF99AD184E8FF51" box="[826,963,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Cerci small, widely separated, triangular in lateral view. Surstyli simple in form, slightly tapering apically with long simple setae, turned towards the middle. Hypandrium open. Pre- and postgonites without sclerotization. Pregonites separated from postgonites. Pregonites small, postgonites with two setae. Phallus with rounded basal part.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3765BE8FF8BFFADFF049B6B8616FA2A" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" type="etymology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049B6B8494FEC7" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" box="[199,959,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF049B6B866CFEC7" bold="true" box="[199,327,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The name refers to the mycophagous larvae of the species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049B0C8519FE81" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF049B0C86A9FEA2" bold="true" box="[199,386,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The examined specimens are stored in alcohol and are therefore somewhat pale. Living specimens are probably more strikingly coloured.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049BC384FAFD6A" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
The new species is described in the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD579BC38440FE5F" authority="Loew, 1863" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1863" box="[660,875,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD579BC385CEFE5F" box="[660,741,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Loew, 1863
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
on the basis of the yellow colour of the body, large eye, gena not projecting beyond eye, postpedicel reniform, and general pattern of leg coloration (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFB639BE4827FFE3A" author="Andersson" box="[1184,1364,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Andersson, H. (1977) Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chloropidae (Diptera) with special reference to Old World genera. Entomologica Scandinavica, 8, 1 - 200. [Supplement]" type="journal article" year="1977">Andersson 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Only three Afrotropical species of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD979B99858EFE19" box="[596,677,464,487]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD979B99858EFE19" box="[596,677,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are listed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFC849B9984D7FE19" author="Sabrosky" box="[839,1020,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1980) Family Chloropidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 695 - 712." type="book chapter" year="1980">Sabrosky (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and no additional species have been described since then (cf.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFE699BBB8580FDF7" author="Pape" box="[426,683,498,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Pape, T. & Evenhuis, N. L. (Eds.), (2013) Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. Available from: http: // www. diptera. org / (accessed 8 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">Pape & Evenhuis 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). All are different in colour from the new species.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFB1F9BBB8611FDD2" authority="Sabrosky, 1951" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFB1F9BBB82B7FDF7" box="[1244,1436,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax africanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFF54985C8611FDD2" author="Sabrosky" box="[151,314,533,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1951) Chloropidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. Ruwenzori Expedition, 2, 711 - 828. [1934 - 35]" type="journal article" year="1951">Sabrosky, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a shiny black species with yellow scutellum, antenna and legs, and black haltere and palpus (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFAF5985C87FBFDB1" author="Sabrosky" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1951) Chloropidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. Ruwenzori Expedition, 2, 711 - 828. [1934 - 35]" type="journal article" year="1951">Sabrosky 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFF2498718574FDB1" authority="Lamb, 1912" authorityName="Lamb" authorityYear="1912" box="[231,607,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF24987186E4FDB1" box="[231,463,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax seychellensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFE1998718574FDB1" author="Lamb" box="[474,607,568,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Lamb, C. G. (1912) The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. 4. No. XIX. - Diptera: Lonchaeidae, Sapromyzidae, Ephydridae, Chloropidae, Agromyzidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2, Zoology), 15, 303 - 348." type="journal article" year="1912">Lamb, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a black dusted scutum, yellow scutellum, yellow pleura with several shining brown marks (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFE4798138528FD8F" author="Lamb" box="[388,515,602,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Lamb, C. G. (1912) The Percy Sladen Trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Vol. 4. No. XIX. - Diptera: Lonchaeidae, Sapromyzidae, Ephydridae, Chloropidae, Agromyzidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2, Zoology), 15, 303 - 348." type="journal article" year="1912">Lamb 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFDD6981384B0FD8F" authority="Thomson, 1869" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" box="[533,923,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittipennis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFDD6981385F0FD8F" box="[533,731,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax vittipennis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFD2A981384B8FD8F" author="Thomson" box="[745,915,602,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1869) Diptera. Species descripsit C. G. Thomson. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befal af C. A. Virgin, aren 1851 - 1853. 2 (Zoologi), I. Stockholm, pp. 443 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1869">Thomson, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a considerably bigger species with a length of about
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4C94A586FF8BFFADFF1A9834863DFD6A" box="[217,278,637,660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and wing with a dark band along costal margin (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFCDD983484EEFD6A" author="Thomson" box="[798,965,637,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1869) Diptera. Species descripsit C. G. Thomson. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befal af C. A. Virgin, aren 1851 - 1853. 2 (Zoologi), I. Stockholm, pp. 443 - 614." type="book chapter" year="1869">Thomson 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF0498E983E5FCBF" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
The legs of all four discussed species have a similar
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF8BFFADFCD298E98414FD49" box="[785,831,672,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of colouration: yellow with a different arrangement of black parts.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFEDA988B86FDFD27" box="[281,470,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFEDA988B86FDFD27" box="[281,470,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax africanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has yellow fore legs with a black tibial base, yellow mid legs with black knees;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFAFB988B87F5FD02" author="Sabrosky" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1951) Chloropidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. Ruwenzori Expedition, 2, 711 - 828. [1934 - 35]" type="journal article" year="1951">Sabrosky (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
did not describe the hind legs.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFDFB98AC8436FD02" box="[568,797,741,764]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFDFB98AC8436FD02" box="[568,797,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax seychellensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has the tip of all femora black and hind tibia with a black band.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFF1B994186B4FCE1" box="[216,415,776,799]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittipennis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF1B994186B4FCE1" box="[216,415,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax vittipennis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has yellow legs with dark fore tibia and tarsi, and a brown hind femur (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFB5E99418233FCE1" author="Duda" box="[1181,1304,776,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Duda, O. (1934) Fauna sumatrensis. Bijdrage No. 74, Chloropidae (Dipt.). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 77, 55 - 161." type="journal article" year="1934">Duda 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In the new species, the fore legs are entirely yellow, while the middle and hind legs are yellow with black knees.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049904824FFC57" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
Species of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFE6F990486D6FC9A" box="[428,509,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFE6F990486D6FC9A" box="[428,509,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were occasionally described in other genera of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFBC7990483A0FC9A" box="[1028,1163,845,868]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, particularly in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFAF59904860EFC79" authority="Becker, 1909" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFAF5990482B7FC9A" box="[1334,1436,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Oscinella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Becker, 1909
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFE9E99398550FC79" authority="Duda, 1932" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1932" box="[349,635,880,903]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Conioscinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFE9E993986DAFC79" box="[349,497,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Conioscinella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Duda, 1932
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The senior author checked the descriptions of all Afrotropical species of these genera (listed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFE4F99DB8506FC57" author="Sabrosky" box="[396,557,914,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1980) Family Chloropidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 695 - 712." type="book chapter" year="1980">Sabrosky 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) but did not find any which correspond to the description of the new species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF0499FC8306FAD9" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
All examined specimens of the new species were reared from sporophores of fungi. It is known that some other species of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFEB9999186E7FC11" box="[378,460,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFEB9999186E7FC11" box="[378,460,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
develop in fungi.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD56999184D1FC11" authority="Macquart, 1835" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[661,1018,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD569991841DFC11" box="[661,822,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax dubius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Macquart, 1835)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was reared from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFB78999182B7FC11" box="[1211,1436,984,1007]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Fomitopsidaceae" genus="Piptoporus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="betulinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFB78999182B7FC11" box="[1211,1436,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Piptoporus betulinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and its imagines visit fungi of the genera
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFDBF99B38455FBEF" authority="Bjerkanderia" authorityName="Bjerkanderia" box="[636,894,1018,1041]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFDBF99B385F5FBEF" box="[636,734,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Trametes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD3299B38455FBEF" box="[753,894,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Bjerkanderia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFC7E99B383D3FBEF" authority="Chandler 2010" authorityName="Chandler" authorityYear="2010" box="[957,1272,1018,1041]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Fomitopsidaceae" genus="Fomitopsis" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFC7E99B38318FBEF" box="[957,1075,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Fomitopsis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFB8499B383DBFBEF" author="Chandler" box="[1095,1264,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Chandler, P. (2010) Associations with Fungi, Mycetozoa and Plants. In: Chandler, P. (Ed.), A Dipterist's Handbook. The Amateur Entomologist, Vol. 15. Orpington, Kent, pp. 417 - 441." type="book" year="2010">Chandler 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFAC499B382B7FBEF" author="Ferrar" box="[1287,1436,1018,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Ferrar, P. (1987) A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of the Diptera Cyclorrhapha, Part 1. Entomonograph, 8, 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1987">Ferrar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
considered fungi to be the usual habitat of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD999E548580FBCA" box="[602,683,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD999E548580FBCA" box="[602,683,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
larvae, while other habitats of the larvae are considered to be decaying vegetable matter, decaying wood infested by insects, and birds’ nests. All these substrates can presumably contain the mycelia of fungi. There are several specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD029E2B8438FB87" box="[705,787,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD029E2B8438FB87" box="[705,787,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the collection of ZIN which were reared from material obviously infested by mycelia:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFDC39ECC8540FB62" box="[512,619,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFDC39ECC8540FB62" box="[512,619,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. dubius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
under the bark of a fir tree and Siberian pine tree infested by
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFA9A9ECC860BFB41" authority="(Coleoptera)" baseAuthorityName="Coleoptera" class="Insecta" family="Ipidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ipidae (Coleoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFEEE9EE185A6FB41" authority="Zetterstedt, 1848" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1848" box="[301,653,1192,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFEEE9EE18696FB41" box="[301,445,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. ephippium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Zetterstedt, 1848)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from damaged cones of fir and pine trees;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFBA49EE182B7FB41" authority="Nartshuk, 1980" authorityName="Nartshuk" authorityYear="1980" box="[1127,1436,1192,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polonicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFBA49EE183C6FB41" box="[1127,1261,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. polonicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Nartshuk, 1980
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
under the bark of aspen and oak;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFE3C9E838423FB1F" authority="Becker, 1910" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[511,776,1226,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fascipes">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFE3C9E838558FB1F" box="[511,627,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. fascipes</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Becker, 1910
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from damaged cones of fir and pine trees, from the damaged sprouting tip of pine tree and under the bark of alder tree;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFD3E9EA4837AFAFA" authority="Duda, 1933" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1933" box="[765,1105,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFD3E9EA48496FAFA" box="[765,957,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. flavomaculatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Duda, 1933)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
under the bark of oak;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFA849EA4860FFAD9" authority="Czerny, 1906" authorityName="Czerny" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFA849EA482B7FAFA" box="[1351,1436,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. niger</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Czerny, 1906
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from a buzzard’s nest (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFDDD9F59845FFAD9" author="Krivokhatskii" box="[542,884,1296,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Krivokhatskii, V. A. & Nartshuk, E. P. (2001) Flies (Diptera) inhabiting birds' nests in the " Forest on the River Vorskla " Nature Reserve. Entomological Review, 81 (2), 177 - 187." type="journal article" year="2001">Krivokhatskii & Nartshuk 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFCBC9F59830AFAD9" author="Nartshuk" box="[895,1057,1296,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="Nartshuk, E. P. (2008) Gaurax flavomaculatus (Duda, 1933) (Diptera, Chloropidae) found in Norway-with data on distribution and the mode of life of the species. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 55, 233 - 234." type="journal article" year="2008">Nartshuk 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD30863FF8BFFADFF049F7B8616FA2A" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">
|
|||
|
|
Larvae of the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFE5D9F7B86DBFAB7" box="[414,496,1330,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFE5D9F7B86DBFAB7" box="[414,496,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gaurax</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
may be considered mycophagous. Among Palaearctic species, larvae of related genera –
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFF549F1C8693FA92" authority="Schiner, 1862" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,440,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gampsocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF549F1C8634FA92" box="[151,287,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Gampsocera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Schiner, 1862
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(at least
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFDDA9F1C8460FA92" authority="Heeger, 1858" authorityName="Heeger" authorityYear="1858" box="[537,843,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Gampsocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="numerata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFDDA9F1C85B0FA92" box="[537,667,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">G. numerata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Heeger, 1858))
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFCBD9F1C8373FA92" authority="Lioy, 1864" authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" box="[894,1112,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFCBD9F1C84F5FA92" box="[894,990,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Tricimba</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Lioy, 1864
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFBAB9F1C8244FA92" authority="Meigen, 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[1128,1391,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFBAB9F1C83EAFA92" box="[1128,1217,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">T. cincta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Meigen, 1830)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFF549F31868CFA71" authority="Fallen, 1820" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,423,1400,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineella">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFF549F31862AFA71" box="[151,257,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">T. lineella</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Fallén, 1820))
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
– have also been reared from fungi. The genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFC679F31832FFA71" box="[932,1028,1400,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B918D471FF8BFFADFC679F31832FFA71" box="[932,1028,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">Tricimba</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is known from fossils in Baltic amber (von
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7592FF8BFFADFF0D9FD38524FA4F" author="Tschirnhaus" box="[206,527,1434,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" refString="von Tschirnhaus, M. & Hoffeins, Ch. (2009) Fossil flies in Baltic amber - insights in the diversity of Tertiary Acalyptratae (Diptera, Schizophora), with new morphological characters and a key based on 1,000 collected inclusions. Denisia, 26, 171 - 212." type="journal article" year="2009">Tschirnhaus & Hoffeins 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); consequently, mycophagy may be considered as the ancestral
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54D7B6C1FF8BFFADFB759FD383CFFA4F" box="[1206,1252,1434,1457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of larval feeding in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6C73E0FF8BFFADFF719FF48612FA2A" box="[178,313,1469,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|