treatments-xml/data/B2/2C/87/B22C87F3144BE02CFBA7FDD8E1FDFD74.xml

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<mods:title id="368840A9D8523B4BC471424FDCD8506F">Guide To Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia Iii. Pleidae And Notonectidae</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="729F656E144BE02DFBA7FDD8E156FDB0" box="[1029,1280,512,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFBA7FDD8E156FDB0" blockId="4.[1029,1280,512,537]" box="[1029,1280,512,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="61728189144BE02DFBA7FDD8E156FDB0" bold="true" box="[1029,1280,512,537]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFBA7FDD8E156FDB0" ID-CoL="WFW" authority="Spinola, 1837" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1837" box="[1029,1280,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFBA7FDD8E156FDB0" bold="true" box="[1029,1280,512,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFBA7FDD8E00BFDB1" bold="true" box="[1029,1117,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Anisops</emphasis>
Spinola, 1837
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="729F656E144BE02CFCE1FD99E63EFF50" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFCE1FD99E1FDFD7D" blockId="4.[835,1474,576,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFCE1FD99E797FDF0" bold="true" box="[835,961,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Remarks. –</emphasis>
This genus has been revised by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFA87FD98E194FDF0" author="Brooks, G" box="[1317,1474,577,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="301 - 519" refId="ref12619" refString="Brooks, G. T., 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae, Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 34: 301 - 519." type="journal article" year="1951">Brooks (1951)</bibRefCitation>
who provides a key to species for males. Since then many species have been added including one described from 
<collectingRegion id="F841F807144BE02DFAD6FD59E194FD3F" box="[1396,1474,640,663]" country="Malaysia" name="Melaka" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Melaka</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFCE9FD46E78FFD1E" author="Leong, C" box="[843,985,671,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="101 - 102" refId="ref13333" refString="Leong, C. Y., 1963. Anisops lansburyi sp. n. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) from Malaya. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, (B) 32: 101 - 102." type="journal article" year="1963">Leong, 1963</bibRefCitation>
). In addition the distributional areas of many species are much greater than was suggested by Brooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFCE1FD24E1EEFB26" blockId="4.[835,1475,765,1166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
There are 11 species actually known from the Malay Peninsula. They are remarkable for having haemoglobin cells anteriorly in their abdomen (
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFB16FCE5E113FCFB" author="Bare, C" box="[1204,1349,828,851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="265 - 349" refId="ref12509" refString="Bare, C. O., 1928. Haemoglobin cells and other studies of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera, Notonectidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 18: 265 - 349." type="journal article" year="1928">Bare, 1928</bibRefCitation>
). In these haemoglobin cells they store the reserve oxygen during a dive (
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFCE9FCA2E780FC3A" author="Miller, P" box="[843,982,891,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="166 - 175" refId="ref13489" refString="Miller, P. L., 1964. The possible role of haemoglobin in Anisops and Buenoa (Hemiptera, Notonectidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, (A) 30: 166 - 175." type="journal article" year="1964">Miller, 1964</bibRefCitation>
). The amount of air they take with them under water on the outside of the body can be regulated and so that they can obtain neutral buoyancy which makes them belong to the few really planktonic insects. They usually live in ponds or pools, including virtually stagnant parts of streams, with few or no fish. However, some fish ponds may occasionally be infested with 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFC50FBE1E011FBE7" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1837" box="[1010,1095,1080,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFC50FBE1E011FBE7" box="[1010,1095,1080,1103]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Anisops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFB17FBE1E111FBE7" box="[1205,1351,1080,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notonectidae</taxonomicName>
, preying on the fry. Some species which live in farmponds are widely distributed, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFC56FBAEE038FB26" baseAuthorityName="Gorai &amp; Chaudhuri" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1012,1134,1143,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFC56FBAEE038FB26" box="[1012,1134,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">A. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFBDEFBAEE0A0FB26" baseAuthorityName="Leong" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1148,1270,1143,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breddini">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFBDEFBAEE0A0FB26" box="[1148,1270,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">A. breddini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFA8FFBAEE1E6FB26" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1915" box="[1325,1456,1143,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuroiwae">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFA8FFBAEE1E6FB26" box="[1325,1456,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">A. kuroiwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFF2AFC73E56DFC73" blockId="4.[136,775,938,987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Figs. 9-10. Fore leg of 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFED2FC73E676FC17" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1915" box="[368,544,938,959]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuroiwae">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFED2FC73E676FC17" box="[368,544,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Anisops kuroiwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 9 male, 10 female; s= stridulatory comb.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFCE1FB6FE7DAF796" blockId="4.[835,1475,1206,2110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Definite identification is usually possible only for males, which have several distinguishing secondary sexual characteristics. The front tarsi are one-segmented in males but two-segmented in females (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFB08FACDE17FFA83" box="[1194,1321,1300,1323]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[136,181,938,959]" captionTargetBox="[142,780,352,886]" captionTargetId="figure-547@4.[105,828,309,929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 9-10. Fore leg of Anisops kuroiwae. 9 male, 10 female; s= stridulatory comb." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Figs. 9, 10</figureCitation>
). In Malayan species, the most important identification characteristics are to be found on the head of the male, notably the length and place of origin of the 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFB84FAABE09FFA22" bold="true" box="[1062,1225,1394,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">rostral prongs</emphasis>
is diagnostic (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFAC0FAAAE737FA01" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Figs. 12- 17</figureCitation>
). The 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFC05FA4BE788FA02" bold="true" box="[935,990,1426,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">tylus</emphasis>
, may be swollen or posses a median groove (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFCE9FA68E7CFFA60" box="[843,921,1457,1480]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[152,1461,1515,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-608@6.[128,1481,1483,2080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 18-20. Anisops male, head in frontal view; 19-20 rostrum removed. 18 A. niveus; 19 A. kuroiwae; 20 A. nasutus. t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244696/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) and the shape of the 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFB2AFA68E135FA61" bold="true" box="[1160,1379,1457,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">cephalic projection</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFAD0FA68E1E2FA60" box="[1394,1460,1457,1480]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[813,849,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[922,1336,191,932]" captionTargetId="figure-314@1.[874,1397,154,980]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Anisops kuroiwae, dorsal view of male, length 6.4 mm. a = anterior width of vertex; c = cephalic projection; s = synthlipsis" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244676/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), is diagnostic of several Malayan species. Other important identification characters include the fore leg of the male, notably the 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFC6BF9D6E0CAF98F" bold="true" box="[969,1180,1551,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">stridulatory comb</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFB0CF9C9E0A2F98F" box="[1198,1268,1552,1575]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[136,181,938,959]" captionTargetBox="[142,780,352,886]" captionTargetId="figure-547@4.[105,828,309,929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 9-10. Fore leg of Anisops kuroiwae. 9 male, 10 female; s= stridulatory comb." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The number and shape of the teeth in the stridulatory comb are very important for specific identification in some species. The apex of the comb is towards the posterior (i. e. the concave, flexor) margin of the tibia. In addition the shape of the forefemur, especially wether its apex is narrow or broad, and the general shape of the tibia; the number and position of spines on the tibia and the presence or absence of small spines on the tarsus are important characters. Other characters used in keys are various ratios. Important is the ratio between the 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFB54F8F2E139F8EB" bold="true" box="[1270,1391,1835,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">synthlipsis</emphasis>
and the 
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFCE1F893E0D1F8CA" bold="true" box="[835,1159,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">anterior width of the vertex</emphasis>
, which is the width between the eyes anteriorly in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144BE02DFB1FF8B3E156F829" box="[1213,1280,1898,1921]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[813,849,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[922,1336,191,932]" captionTargetId="figure-314@1.[874,1397,154,980]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Anisops kuroiwae, dorsal view of male, length 6.4 mm. a = anterior width of vertex; c = cephalic projection; s = synthlipsis" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244676/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Except for tylus which was introduced by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFBFCF850E0A3F808" author="Truxal, F" box="[1118,1269,1929,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="1351 - 1523" refId="ref14052" refString="Truxal, F. S., 1953. A revision of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera Notonectidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 35: 1351 - 1523." type="journal article" year="1953">Truxal (1953)</bibRefCitation>
most of the above terminology was introduced or redefined by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E144B14144BE02DFA82F870E1E8F868" author="Brooks, G" box="[1312,1470,1961,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" pagination="301 - 519" refId="ref12619" refString="Brooks, G. T., 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae, Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 34: 301 - 519." type="journal article" year="1951">Brooks (1951)</bibRefCitation>
. The colour of 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFC7AF810E07BF848" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1837" box="[984,1069,1993,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFC7AF810E07BF848" box="[984,1069,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Anisops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, apart from a few exceptions, rather uniform and tends to fade in specimens killed or stored in alcohol. So it is usually ignored in the treatment of the genus below.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144BE02DFF2AF7D7E69AF7E8" blockId="4.[136,775,2062,2112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Fig. 11. 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144BE02DFF78F7D7E53DF78B" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1901" box="[218,363,2062,2083]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Nychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sappho">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144BE02DFF78F7D7E53DF78B" box="[218,363,2062,2083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Nychia sappho</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, brachypterous male in dorsal view, body length 3.7 mm. c = ocular commissure; f = pronotal fovea.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFF2EFF18E63EFF50" blockId="5.[140,725,193,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
KEY TO MALES OF 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFE27FF18E636FF70" box="[389,608,193,216]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFE27FF18E5B9FF70" box="[389,495,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">ANISOPS</emphasis>
SPECIES
</taxonomicName>
IN WEST 
<collectingCountry id="42927675144AE02CFF58FF38E5DEFF50" box="[250,392,225,248]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
AND 
<collectingCountry id="42927675144AE02CFE73FF38E63EFF50" box="[465,616,225,248]" name="Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="729F656E144AE02CFFD3FEC4E1FDFD74" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" type="key">
<key id="4E1461D4144AE02CFFD3FEC4E1FDFD74" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FEC4E6A6FE21" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FEC4E6B9FEE7" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FEC4E6B9FEE7" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
1. Interocular space anteriorly produced into a cephalic projection (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFF3CFEE3E4B4FEE7" box="[158,226,314,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[813,849,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[922,1336,191,932]" captionTargetId="figure-314@1.[874,1397,154,980]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Anisops kuroiwae, dorsal view of male, length 6.4 mm. a = anterior width of vertex; c = cephalic projection; s = synthlipsis" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244676/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFF4EFEE3E57EFEE7" box="[236,296,314,335]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">13, 15</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FE8EE6A6FE21" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FE8EE6A6FE21" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">– Interocular space anteriorly not produced into a cephalic projection ................................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FE48E6A6FD9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FE48E6A6FE77" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FE48E6A6FE77" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
2. Cephalic projection in dorsal view rounded at apex, in lateral view extending in front of eye less than half the total length of the frons (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFF5AFE13E56BFE77" box="[248,317,458,479]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) .................................................................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FE3EE6A6FD9E" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FE3EE6A6FD9E" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– Cephalic projection in dorsal view more or less acuminate at apex, in lateral view extending in front of eye half or more the total length of the frons (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFE2BFDF8E586FD9E" box="[393,464,545,566]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) .......................... 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD26FDF8E6A6FD9E" ID-CoL="5V393" baseAuthorityName="Gorai &amp; Chaudhuri" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[644,752,545,566]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD26FDF8E6A6FD9E" box="[644,752,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. bouvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FDE4E6BCFD01" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FDE4E6A6FDC7" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FDE4E6A6FDC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
3. In frontal view, frons diverging ventrally and with a lateral carina over its entire length (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFECAFD83E5FBFDC7" box="[360,429,602,623]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[152,1461,1515,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-608@6.[128,1481,1483,2080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 18-20. Anisops male, head in frontal view; 19-20 rostrum removed. 18 A. niveus; 19 A. kuroiwae; 20 A. nasutus. t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244696/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) ................................ 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD23FD83E6A6FDC7" ID-CoL="66QYC" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1915" box="[641,752,602,623]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuroiwae">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD23FD83E6A6FDC7" box="[641,752,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A.kuroiwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FDAEE6BCFD01" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FDAEE6BCFD01" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– In frontal view frons narrowest halfway between the eyes, with a weak carina in its dorsal part only (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFDAAFD4DE619FD01" box="[520,591,660,681]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[152,1461,1515,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-608@6.[128,1481,1483,2080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 18-20. Anisops male, head in frontal view; 19-20 rostrum removed. 18 A. niveus; 19 A. kuroiwae; 20 A. nasutus. t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244696/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) ..... 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD26FD4DE6BCFD01" ID-CoL="672XH" authorityName="Fieber" authorityYear="1851" box="[644,746,660,681]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD26FD4DE6BCFD01" box="[644,746,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. nasutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FD68E6A6FD57" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FD68E6A6FD4B" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FD68E6A6FD4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
4. In dorsal view eyes holoptic in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFDCDFD68E6BFFD6E" box="[623,745,689,710]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[111,156,2037,2058]" captionTargetBox="[111,748,1580,1991]" captionTargetId="figure-614@9.[92,769,1572,2012]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 25-26. Anisops breddini, male, anterior part of body in dorsal view. 25 brachypterous form; 26 macropterous form. p = ciliated pit at base of hemielytral commissure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244702/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Figs. 25, 26</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD24FD17E6A6FD4B" ID-CoL="5V2X3" baseAuthorityName="Leong" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[646,752,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breddini">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD24FD17E6A6FD4B" box="[646,752,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. breddini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FD33E6A6FD57" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" box="[113,752,746,767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FD33E6A6FD57" box="[113,752,746,767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">– In dorsal view eyes not holoptic ........................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FCDEE6A6FC91" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FCDEE6A6FCB4" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" box="[113,752,775,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FCDEE6A6FCB4" box="[113,752,775,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
5. Tylus medially excavate (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFE2DFCDEE582FCB4" box="[399,468,775,796]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[152,1461,1515,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-608@6.[128,1481,1483,2080]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 18-20. Anisops male, head in frontal view; 19-20 rostrum removed. 18 A. niveus; 19 A. kuroiwae; 20 A. nasutus. t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244696/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) ............................. 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD3AFCDEE6A6FCB4" ID-CoL="66QXM" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[664,752,775,796]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niveus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD3AFCDEE6A6FCB4" box="[664,752,775,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. niveus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FCFDE6A6FC91" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" box="[113,752,804,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FCFDE6A6FC91" box="[113,752,804,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">– Tylus flat or somewhat swollen, not medially excavate ........ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FC98E6A6FC04" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FC98E6A6FCDA" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FC98E6A6FCDA" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
6. Rostral prong shorter than third rostral segment (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFD35FC98E6B2FCFE" box="[663,740,833,854]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), originating in its proximal third ............................................ 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FCA3E6A6FC04" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FCA3E6A6FC04" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– Rostral prong longer than third rostral segment, originating in its distal third (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFE8FFC4EE521FC04" box="[301,375,919,940]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
); length up to 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFDA5FC4EE604FC04" box="[519,594,919,940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
.... 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFDDAFC4EE6A6FC04" ID-CoL="66QYF" authorityName="Leong" authorityYear="1963" box="[632,752,919,940]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lansburyi">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFDDAFC4EE6A6FC04" box="[632,752,919,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. lansburyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFFD3FC6DE6B8FBB7" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FC6DE6A6FC4E" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FC6DE6A6FC4E" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
7. Synthlipsis one fifth or less the anterior width of vertex, length up to 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFF6EFC08E540FC4E" box="[204,278,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
........................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFD2EFC08E6A6FC4E" ID-CoL="6739Z" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1919" box="[652,752,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFD2EFC08E6A6FC4E" box="[652,752,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. exiguus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFFD3FC34E6B8FBB7" blockId="5.[113,753,285,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFFD3FC34E6B8FBB7" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">– Synthlipsis about one third or more the anterior width of vertex, length over 5.0 mm ............................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFC8FFF18E1FDFF5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFF18E1FDFF7E" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" box="[813,1451,193,214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFF18E1FDFF7E" box="[813,1451,193,214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
8. Length over 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFC6FFF18E040FF7E" box="[973,1046,193,214]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
.............................................................. 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFF04E1FDFF5A" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" box="[813,1451,221,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFF04E1FDFF5A" box="[813,1451,221,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– Length up to 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFC70FF04E04AFF5A" box="[978,1052,221,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
........................................................... 10
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFC8FFF23E1FDFE2B" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFF23E1FAFEE1" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFF23E1FAFEE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
9. Length 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFC3CFF23E7BCFEA7" box="[926,1002,250,271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
or more; tylus swollen, with a pair of tufts of bristles which reach the base of the labrum (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFAF3FECEE1F2FE84" box="[1361,1444,279,300]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFA9EFEEDE1FAFEE1" ID-CoL="5V396" authorityName="Brooks" authorityYear="1951" box="[1340,1452,308,329]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFA9EFEEDE1FAFEE1" box="[1340,1452,308,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFE88E1FDFE2B" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFE88E1FDFE2B" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– Length up to 
<quantity id="FD7D9B00144AE02CFC6DFE88E04FFECE" box="[975,1049,337,358]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
; tylus flat or slightly swollen, without tufts of bristles ............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFA8EFEB7E1FDFE2B" ID-CoL="5V2XN" authorityName="Breddin" authorityYear="1905" box="[1324,1451,366,387]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFA8EFEB7E1FDFE2B" box="[1324,1451,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. occipitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="81712E40144AE02CFC8FFE53E1FDFD74" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFE53E1FAFD87" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFE53E1FAFD87" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
10. Along the median longitudinal axis the head is less than one half the length of the pronotum; tylus and frons not carinate, in lateral view frons extending in front of the eyes; stridulatory comb on foretibia with about 22 teeth 14 apical ones distinctly longer than the 8 basal ones which are differently orientated (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFCF8FDC3E7C8FD87" box="[858,926,538,559]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[300,1339,1549,2033]" captionTargetId="figure-581@8.[233,1398,1483,2083]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 21-23. Anisops, male, stridular comb. 21 A. lansburyi; 22 A. nigrolineatus; 23 A. tahitiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244700/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) ............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFAB5FDC3E1FAFD87" ID-CoL="5V39M" authorityName="Lundblad" authorityYear="1933" box="[1303,1452,538,559]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineatus">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFAB5FDC3E1FAFD87" box="[1303,1452,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A.nigrolineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3A36E5144AE02CFC8FFDEEE1FDFD74" blockId="5.[813,1452,193,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<keyLead id="817495D0144AE02CFC8FFDEEE1FDFD74" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
– Along median longitudinal axis the head is more than one half the length of the pronotum; tylus and adjacent part of the frons carinate, in lateral view dorsal half of frons not extending in front of eyes (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFC77FD54E04DFD0A" box="[981,1051,653,674]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[113,158,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[140,1427,1106,1998]" captionTargetId="figure-512@5.[111,1456,1074,2019]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 12-17. Anisops male, head in lateral view. 12 A. barbatus; 13 A. bouvieri; 14 A.tahitiensis; 15 A.kuroiwae; 16 A. exiguus; 17 A. lansburyi. p = rostral prong; t = tylus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); stridulatory comb of about 25 to 32 teeth which decrease in width from base to apex (
<figureCitation id="A2BE2A60144AE02CFAF3FD73E1F2FD17" box="[1361,1444,682,703]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[136,181,2092,2113]" captionTargetBox="[300,1339,1549,2033]" captionTargetId="figure-581@8.[233,1398,1483,2083]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 21-23. Anisops, male, stridular comb. 21 A. lansburyi; 22 A. nigrolineatus; 23 A. tahitiensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244700/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="FD854D66144AE02CFA92FD1EE1FDFD74" ID-CoL="66R9P" authorityName="Lundblad" authorityYear="1934" box="[1328,1451,711,732]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Anisops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tahitiensis">
<emphasis id="08F1EAF7144AE02CFA92FD1EE1FDFD74" box="[1328,1451,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">A. tahitiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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