107 lines
14 KiB
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107 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="46B6B5ED2395120B052A0E27EDB7BD14" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb933c13-3ebb-44fb-9934-0e9719ba6a58" ModsDocID="z01166p057" checkinTime="1247228369600" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Carlos David de Santana & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2006" docId="285F55C62E4816898D91BF86BB97AB1C" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_de_Santana_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1166" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F94D386-15AE-424A-88C9-4169AB93DB60" docTitle="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="F9A7E9E6C9D6C3D9BC56C867DC4F6C54" masterDocTitle="Sternarchorhynchus curumim (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a new species of tube-snouted ghost electric knifefish from the lowland Amazon basin, Brazil." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1701326144552" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A40FC325C47DE993F7A2650A1EAE033E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DD685C2219452930261892DF6D8ED392">
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<mods:title id="5F7246DBF4D8A7013CB32BEF7494E3A1">Sternarchorhynchus curumim (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae), a new species of tube-snouted ghost electric knifefish from the lowland Amazon basin, Brazil.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="95865922EE93D0D323A588B0AAA92F38" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="07B7F4BBF9EC7F069ECC2258E6A6BB78">Carlos David de Santana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E939363BD1AAAE578C588AEB85EE33DE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C54E16AE7EF6EAC92EF3FE4FCB67FCF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="22815EA315C45905EFDB27D364AF8BBC">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9B614702F57E946106BB06CD64C12990">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="431D1ED77E876DD2B429B4D38DD05228">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="32D52A0B4DF9811CEFA3AEEA9C142D5E">
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<mods:date id="B5824F93E7EDDE87AA80AD2817C9A831">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="27DD1EEAD46AB0B1D3338166059B5BFA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6EA9C5A9DAA9D8B11542F81DED02BE43">1166</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="D0D7A0784A00678A1A3BD572953FD993">68</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="4D8919F29CF17267E01AE1C5C36DE721">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F94D386-15AE-424A-88C9-4169AB93DB60</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="47A5BBD6BD53D514DEA3619D55C53605">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7126330FE1AFC9443BFA9DD5A3758743" type="Plazi-Custom">z01166p057</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="285F55C62E4816898D91BF86BB97AB1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263778" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:285F55C62E4816898D91BF86BB97AB1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/285F55C62E4816898D91BF86BB97AB1C" lastPageNumber="58" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="5DD201F1390387335CC79E98A161B238" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="50D7055F5343ED09F83150A236CD8AA6">
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[[
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<taxonomicName id="2C3F22809DB41C8629C78B8EAE49C67C" ID-CoL="7N8Z" ID-ENA="1740101" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B34DD4AD9DC1D3862A79DEBE991A51D5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CC8D8C5EFF5A11F7F53A530A7AF861EF" lastPageNumber="58" pageNumber="57">
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Species of the tube-snouted electric knifefish genus
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<taxonomicName id="AA57A22E9BB3429EBA464816CD2BA2D8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau</taxonomicName>
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, are common components of the deepwater benthic fauna of many large rivers throughout the Atlantic drainages of South America (Lopez-Rojas et al., 1984; Lundberg et al., 1987; Marrero, 1987; Marrero et al., 1987; Marrero & Taphorn, 1991; Marrero & Winemiller, 1993; Barletta, 1995; Garcia, 1995; Lasso et al., 1997; Campos-da-Paz, 2000; CoxFernandes, 1999; Cox-Fernandes et al., 2004).
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<taxonomicName id="66125DBEE9F560F2E7948BF6361170B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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species generate weak periodic (wave-type) electric organ discharges (EODs) with known rates of 944-1992 Hz (Kramer et al., 1981; Crampton, 1998; Crampton & Albert, 2006). Currently, six valid species of
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<taxonomicName id="231EAD5F3EE289097B84EA2AFA23299D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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are recognized (Mago-Leccia, 1994; Campos-da-Paz, 2000; Albert, 2003), of which four are known from the upper Amazon basin in Brazil:
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<taxonomicName id="0E7D6BA080719E9896BBAEECEB64E4F7" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="mormyrus">S. mormyrus (Steindachner)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D0294F9C3258F80E8236DBD45C4B1D8A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni Mago-Leccia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="431FE530008F3AB89E910ACDDB1C1B08" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
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S. oxyrhynchus (
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<normalizedToken id="892529F62CC7D503F1823C63BAB82838" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="CF36AC1C83D0C3CB46830E5DADE3E2B1" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">S. cf. curvirostris</taxonomicName>
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(Barletta, 1995; Crampton, 1998; Cox-Fernandes et al., 2004; Crampton & Albert, 2006).
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<taxonomicName id="57B2480FBFF98FC217B917B6F9F6312B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">Sternarchorhynchus roseni</taxonomicName>
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is also known from the Orinoco basin, and
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<taxonomicName id="9F35E1F17D5FAFEBB40966DC0611AD62" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">S. oxyrhynchus</taxonomicName>
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is known from the Orinoco and Essequibo basins (Lopez-Rojas et al., 1984; Marrero & Taphorn, 1991; Mago-Leccia, 1994).
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<taxonomicName id="B12AB7F32534BE2457625F544BB38E8E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvirostris">Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris (Boulenger)</taxonomicName>
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was originally described from Canelos, Ecuador (Mago-Leccia, 1994).
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<taxonomicName id="01102A7374F92ACF2A3B73A0EDD4616F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2C0D2EB-9CE4-4F48-AF53-550D0F9F9E98" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz 2000:528" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Sternarchorhynchus britskii Campos-da-Paz</taxonomicName>
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is known from the
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<normalizedToken id="5D6F16F586A95C7F5D4578877B671AED" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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River basin, and
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<taxonomicName id="D18722F57EDC68C7D6538EADA25A524B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:902B8800-F38B-4AAE-8FC7-DFAAF24C0800" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus mesensis Campos-da-Paz 2000:531" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mesensis">S. mesensis Campos-da-Paz</taxonomicName>
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is known from the upper Tocantins River basin (Camposda-Paz, 2000).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8AB0938445DBD3192372DF78D801AFEE" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="166D8EBBF0AAFEB2A93BAA543BFBDDBD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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is unquestionably represented by many other undescribed species (e.g., Campos-da-Paz, 1992; Crampton & Albert, 2006) and is currently the most diverse genus in the Sternarchorhynchinae (Albert, 2001). This contrasts with several apteronotid genera that have low species-level diversity, including the monotypic genera
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<taxonomicName id="8E35E408BF0840A841505F453A8C860B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C54B1A20-C469-4A1B-BD8B-7A90D864AFCB" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhamphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhamphus Eigenmann 1905:165" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhamphus Eigenmann</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="85F2B849D35ABEFABE16C3CAB3642E20" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Orthosternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Orthosternarchus Boulenger</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D22DB2BC099789C908A05F1DA9E1F94D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5ECDEDB-2A8A-4CD8-AE22-D50B6B24391E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Parapteronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Parapteronotus Albert 2001" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parapteronotus Albert</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="7AF387C6921C9B8FCDCBAABFC3C0A199" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DDE8A026-07B7-4D25-A287-B3AED27F1DB5" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Platyurosternarchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platyurosternarchus Mago-Leccia 1994:37" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Platyurosternarchus Mago-Leccia</taxonomicName>
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(Mago-Leccia, 1994; Albert & Campos-da-Paz, 1998; Albert, 2001; Albert & Crampton, 2005).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7070FE89357EAD7CEF8FC45B1B473303" pageNumber="58">
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At least one species of
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<taxonomicName id="D63BCE5266480CDE2F8B9DFE29E05652" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F85136B-D848-4991-BCE1-D75B760B078E" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau 1855:91, 95" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sternarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FA51F0DC85B0DE9CC7B9E9A0D0273881" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62B16178-E1F4-4C87-AB95-88450FD16169" family="Apteronotidae" genus="Sternarchorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sternarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia 1994:99" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">S. roseni</taxonomicName>
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, is known to exhibit a sexual dimorphism in which males develop a crown of external teeth on the lower jaw (MagoLeccia, 1994; Py-Daniel & Cox-Fernandes, 2005).
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<taxonomicName id="4CD3466000447DCEE6603D03C06B5BB7" genus="Sternarchorhychus" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="mormyrus">Sternarchorhychus mormyrus</taxonomicName>
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exhibits variation in cranial morphology, with mature males exhibiting a wider snout than females (pers. obs.). The remaining described species of
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<taxonomicName id="ED63A8832782E25A42372AE9D0ADDED7" genus="Stenarchorhynchus" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">Stenarchorhynchus</taxonomicName>
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exhibit no dimorphism (Mago-Leccia, 1994; Campos-da-Paz, 1992, 2000). Here we describe a new species from deepwater channels of the lowland Amazon basin of Brazil, with information on its electric organ discharges and ecology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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