treatments-xml/data/03/92/1E/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma cauliflorum R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201269" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
7. 
<taxonomicName LSID="B49620DB-DEF4-5D69-9E94-81349A9D9212" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten &amp; Koek-Noorman (1992). a Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. b, e C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. c C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. d C. macrocarpum Maas f C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. (a Brandbyge &amp; Asanza C. 30017 b, e Prance et al. 24094 c Gentry et al. 32153 d Wingfield &amp; van der Werff 6751 f Sperling et al. 6198)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2b, e</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 13. a-b Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c-e C. bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, g C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. Flowering specimens (f Maas et al. 9029, photo PJMM g Chatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h-j C. dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: Maria F. Gonzalez)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 15. Cremastosperma cauliflorum R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b inflorescence (a Prance et al. 24094 b Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 11423)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245303" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 5" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Map 5. Distribution of Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie; C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr.; C. cenepense Pirie &amp; Zapata; and C. longicuspe R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245300" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">Cremastosperma cauliflorum</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 330. 1931.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PERU, Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 m a.s.l., Feb-Mar 1930, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Klug, G. 902</emphasis>
(holotype: B! [B 10 0242371]; isotypes: F! [F0054580F], NY! [NY00025860], S! [S-R-6959], US! [US00104263]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
2-20 m tall, 4-25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12(–">-12(-</normalizedToken>
16) by 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
6) mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, (14 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)20–">-)20-</normalizedToken>
61 by 5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–14(–">-14(-</normalizedToken>
22) cm (index 2.3-3.7), chartaceous, olive/brown green above, darker below, glabrous above except for base of primary vein sparsely covered with appressed or erect hairs to 0.3 mm long, base, primary and secondary veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long below, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-45 mm long), primary vein verrucose (particularly at the base), deeply grooved for most of length, 1.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.5(–">-3.5(-</normalizedToken>
5) mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)10–">-)10-</normalizedToken>
17, occasionally 1-2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4 mm at the base to up to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-70° at the base to 45-60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of 1-5 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 7, on thick leafless twigs or on main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); peduncles 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12(–">-12(-</normalizedToken>
15) by 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.5(–">-1.5(-</normalizedToken>
3) mm (in flower), 3-15 by 1-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 10-45 by 1-3 mm at the base (in flower), 15-45 by 1-3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs ca. 0.3 mm long, often with hairs more densely covering the articulation point between shoot and pedicel; single lower bract (from the axil of which short shoots develop bearing new flowers), deltate, 1.5-2 mm long, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, broadly to very broadly ovate or deltate, 2-4 mm long, obtuse or acute, outer side densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers (pale) green, creamy white, greenish-yellow or yellow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, brownish-yellow or brown with orange, dark brown or black base 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, outer side of sepals and petals densely covered with erect or appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long, inner side of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect hairs to 0.4 mm long or glabrous, base glabrous; sepals free, broadly to very broadly ovate-deltate, mostly recurved, 3-5 by 4-6 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–25(–">-25(-</normalizedToken>
32) by 9-17 mm, inner petals elliptic, 11 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–21(–">-21(-</normalizedToken>
32) by 6-11 mm; androecium 7-10 mm diam., stamens 1.5-2 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-1 mm wide; gynoecium 2-3 mm diam., carpels ca. 40, 2-2.3 mm long, sparsely to rather densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
9-41, globose to transversely broadly ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 8-13 by 10-14 mm, green maturing to orange, red, brown and black 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, blackish-brown or brown 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, sometimes with an apicule at or near the apex; stipes 7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–23(–">-23(-</normalizedToken>
32) by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-11 mm diam; monocarps, stipes and receptacle rather densely covered with erect golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
broadly ellipsoid to globose, orange, pitted, 9-10 by 9-10 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Putamayo), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
), Peru (Loreto) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moist primary forest, mostly non-inundated areas, on clayey or lateritic soil or white sand. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: June, August, October-February; fruiting: May-February.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Colombia: Espintana blanca (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Raffauf 102</emphasis>
); Jiobo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ñaatraje">naatraje</normalizedToken>
duceju (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Murillo 565</emphasis>
). Ecuador: Mantach (Shuar; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warush Juwa RBAE 119</emphasis>
), Moncapatahue (Huaorani; M. Aulestia 3238), Nanguehue (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Aulestia 3395</emphasis>
), Piton (Quech; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cazalet et al. 7528</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uñetahue">Unetahue</normalizedToken>
(Huaorani; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rubio 812</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uñitague">Unitague</normalizedToken>
(Huaorani; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espinosa 399</emphasis>
). Peru: Bara (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rimachi 480</emphasis>
), Bara caspi (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">McDaniel 20761</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rimachi 2397</emphasis>
), Espintana (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheta 6/173</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rimachi 2397</emphasis>
), Mantaach (Achual Jivaro; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.H. Lewis 12049</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma cauliflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of only three species of the genus displaying a branched inflorescence. It can be discerned from 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. napoense" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="napoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. napoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. alticola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of indument on the monocarps and stipes and by the greater length and density of hairs on the inflorescences. The wood is aromatic, flowers reported as vanilla scented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma cauliflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, found in protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador, as well as in Northern Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BRAZIL. Acre</emphasis>
: Mun. Mancio Lima, Rio Moa, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.4166665">7°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.63333">73°38'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Oct 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cid Ferreira et al. 10019</emphasis>
(NY); Cruzeiro do Sul-Boa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
road, km 12, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.73333">72°44'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 9029</emphasis>
(U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, BR-307, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.75">72°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 9251</emphasis>
(U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COLOMBIA. Amazonas</emphasis>
: Tarapaca, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0333333">3°02'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.0">70°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m a.s.l., 30 Jun 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rudas et al. 4514</emphasis>
(MO); Parque Nacional Amacayacu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">3°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m a.s.l., 8 Aug 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 12655
</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Putamayo</emphasis>
: Puerto 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leguízamo">Leguizamo</normalizedToken>
, Puerto 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leguízamo-La">Leguizamo-La</normalizedToken>
Tagua road, 
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-1.5333333">0°92'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-74.77778">74°46'40&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 19 Jan 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suárez">Suarez</normalizedToken>
1331
</emphasis>
(COL). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago</emphasis>
: Taisha, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.3833332">2°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.5">77°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m a.s.l., 14 Jun 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brandbyge et al. 31854</emphasis>
(AAU, U); El Centro Shuar Pampants, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.7833333">2°47'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.6">77°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warush Juwa RBAE 119</emphasis>
(U); Cordillera de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cutucú">Cutucu</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-2.1133332">2°06'48&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-77.74416">77°44'39&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 610 m a.s.l., 16 Jul 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wisum</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kajekai 1165</emphasis>
(WAG). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Napo</emphasis>
: Reserva Etnica Huaorani, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.98333335">0°59'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.2">76°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 235 m a.s.l., 18 Jan 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulestia</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Omehuat 3238</emphasis>
(QCNE); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Wai si 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ayá">aya</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.25">0°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.35">76°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 13 Aug 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brandbyge et al. 33503</emphasis>
(AAU, MO, NY, U); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Aguarico, E of mouth of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Cuyabeno, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.26666668">0°16'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.9">75°54'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 20 Feb 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holm-Nielsen et al. 21501</emphasis>
(AAU, K, MO, U); Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.48333332">0°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.53333">75°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 230 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palacios 7602</emphasis>
(U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pastaza</emphasis>
: Pozo petrolero 'Danta 2' de UNOCAL, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.7833333">1°47'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.8">76°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 365 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espinoza</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coba 399</emphasis>
(MO, U); Pozo petrolero 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Ramirez’">'Ramirez'</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.5333333">1°32'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.85">76°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 21 Feb 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zak 5272</emphasis>
(U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Loreto</emphasis>
: Yanamono Explorama Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.45">3°27'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.85">72°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100-150 m a.s.l., 31 Dec 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chatrou et al. 224</emphasis>
(MOL, U); Allpahuayo-IIAP, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8333333">3°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.416664">73°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m a.s.l., 2 Jan 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chatrou et al. 233</emphasis>
(L, MOL); Prov. Requena (locality unknown), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.8333335">4°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.75">73°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 170 m a.s.l., 8 Aug 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheta 6/ 173</emphasis>
(K); Prov. Maynas, NW of Zona Protectado Pucacuro, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-2.1369445">2°08'13&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-75.149445">75°08'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 160-270 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 2006, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dávila">Davila</normalizedToken>
et al. 2784
</emphasis>
(L); Nauta-Iquitos road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.5">4°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.53333">73°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 140 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
1229
</emphasis>
(F, MO, U); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caserío">Caserio</normalizedToken>
Gamitana, Reserva del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazán">Mazan</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.5">3°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.166664">73°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 116 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1591
</emphasis>
(LPB, MO, U); Prov. Maynas, NW of Area de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Ampiyacu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-2.8777778">2°52'40&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-73.01278">73°00'46&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 150-160 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huamantupa et al. 12928</emphasis>
(L); Las Amazonas, ExplorNapo Camp, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3333333">3°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">72°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100-140 m a.s.l., 15 Feb 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pipoly et al. 12982</emphasis>
(MO, U); Prov. Requena, Quebrada 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanayacu-Río">Yanayacu-Rio</normalizedToken>
Tapiche, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-6.2636113">6°15'49&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-73.908615">73°54'31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 140-180 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 2014, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
et al. 4491
</emphasis>
(F, L); Andoas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">2°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m a.s.l., 5 Jun 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 1938</emphasis>
(F, MO, U); Maniti, Recreo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7">3°42'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.833336">72°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 115 m a.s.l., 14 May 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
10637
</emphasis>
(F, MOL, NY, U); Iquitos-Nauta road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.1666665">4°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.333336">73°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m a.s.l., 14 Dec 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 11423</emphasis>
(MO, U, USM); Puerto Almendras, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8">3°48'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.416664">73°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 122 m a.s.l., 20 Jun 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Soto 12358</emphasis>
(MO, U, USM).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911153" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245302" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma bullatum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bullatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma bullatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
leaf base 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a-c</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 24891
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jaramillo, N. et al. 972</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911161" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245303" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma cauliflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
inflorescence (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prance et al. 24094</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vasquez &amp; N. Jaramillo 11423</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>