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<document id="928B5904AA2881870EE3B6991056EABF" ID-CLB-Dataset="25128" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a63613b4-e611-42e8-89cd-2d3aae126759" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3519047" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572008146457" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2019" docId="9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4689.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4689 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhizogeton sterreri" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="62759A42FFCCF140FF946042FFFC2E67" masterDocTitle="On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698761183927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="98226F11C917A5F470287619DF79A0BA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DE7B1DA99A87FF5E21FF10C52AE7FE58">
<mods:title id="5D03EF4092E39BF0BAD4DA8979D84C50">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E75F974D97952FF08DFDDE30C53EE498" type="personal">
<mods:role id="55BDF748EAE3D5E4EC83F4CD4ABA9214">
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<mods:namePart id="D48B29DF9594A9489A937F5D400C4615">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="603E8EDC17DEED366D1B333AD892109E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CC609644624121126031DB5F380A2B05">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7D97DB6194C086320B55B7980BC5C481">
<mods:date id="067540700A48D2AF33635CCC79828DA0">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3E74302AEFA5DE18B9370CB9F2F9319D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D50CF0B5A52C198A99C7F4FA17E5A337">2019-10-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F9152DD2AB25B86832FC52C6B8DE03A9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C5E05720BAC09387B23B7EE93EB6CF93">4689</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="595E7BBFCF616D6D2BB08E5D4EEB80A5" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C7EE64F1B791B085FE7B903F4D022905">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AE825BF12D4B49A9982A9F59F88C9B93">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D1159C072E0DEA98FBF307DAC720784E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A8DCA21A31239D35773681AF10668A13" type="CLB-Dataset">25128</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A503481767B10D8817B896C1D325C1CB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4689.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="25186DA45929886CCE2112244C68F1E2" type="GBIF-Dataset">a63613b4-e611-42e8-89cd-2d3aae126759</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E171B21E40ACB3B88D787011060C6BA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E8132DAA585869E45024B25AA4B1A57" type="Zenodo-Dep">3519047</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="62E106AA9319BFE5378617A585E8DBAD" type="ZooBank">41BFBBDF-41AD-4329-B6B9-CF38D64815A6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159843474" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC6F14AFF03651EFDCB2B11" box="[151,567,1372,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14AFF03651EFDCB2B11" blockId="10.[151,567,1372,1434]" box="[151,567,1372,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="4D12E440FFC6F14AFF03651EFDCB2B11" bold="true" box="[151,567,1372,1399]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF03651EFDCB2B11" ID-CoL="4SCN4" authority="(Calder, 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[151,567,1372,1399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF03651EFDCB2B11" bold="true" box="[151,567,1372,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF03651EFE832B11" bold="true" box="[151,383,1372,1399]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizogeton sterreri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFE1B651EFDD32B11" author="Calder, D. R." box="[399,559,1372,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC6F14AFF0365C2FEF02BFD" box="[151,268,1408,1434]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14AFF0365C2FEF02BFD" blockId="10.[151,567,1372,1434]" box="[151,268,1408,1434]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="8EDE4FA9FFC6F14AFF0365C2FEF02BFD" box="[151,268,1408,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1523,1548]" captionTargetBox="[178,1417,183,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[168,1420,174,1504]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. a, Pennaria disticha: part of branch, with pedicel and hydranth, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4347. Scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Corydendrium parasiticum: part of colony with a reduced hydranth, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B449. Scale equals 0.5 mm. c, Rhizogeton sterreri: hydranth and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Rhizogeton sterreri: male gonophore and stolon, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4326. Scale equals 0.2 mm. e, Turritopsis nutricula: colony with two hydranths, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4327. Scale equals 0.2 mm. f, Cordylophora caspia: part of colony with hydranth and female gonophore, Caloosahatchee River at Fort Myers, ROMIZ B4329. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3519053/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 1c, d</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC6F14AFF036586FD622B9C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14AFF036586FD622B9C" blockId="10.[151,1422,1476,1531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="36F57402FFC6F14AFF036586FD622B9C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF036586FE892BBB" ID-CoL="4SCMY" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,373,1476,1500]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF036586FE892BBB" box="[151,373,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC6F14AFE006587FDCB2BBA" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[404,567,1476,1501]" page="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFE006587FDCB2BBA" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[404,567,1476,1501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce, 1961: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.—
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC6F14AFD656586FC7E2BBB" author="Shier, C. F." box="[753,898,1476,1501]" page="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFD656586FC7E2BBB" author="Shier, C. F." box="[753,898,1476,1501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier, 1965: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1 [not
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFC646586FA782BBA" ID-CoL="4SCMY" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1008,1412,1476,1501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFC646586FB312BBB" box="[1008,1229,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
L.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFB7B6586FA782BBA" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1263,1412,1476,1501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
].
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF0365A1FDC82B9C" authority="Calder, 1988: 10" authorityName="Calder" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,564,1506,1531]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF0365A1FE7F2B9C" box="[151,387,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9744753DFFC6F14AFE1E65A0FDC82B9C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[394,564,1506,1531]" page="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFE1E65A0FDC82B9C" author="Calder, D. R." box="[394,564,1506,1531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 7, 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC6F14AFF036668FE5E29E0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14AFF036668FA902823" blockId="10.[151,1437,1577,2036]" box="[151,1388,1577,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF036668FECA2823" bold="true" box="[151,310,1577,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="C95EED8EFFC6F14AFF036668FF2E2823" box="[151,210,1578,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC6F14AFEA8666BFE5B2824" box="[316,423,1577,1603]" name="Bermuda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
: Whalebone Bay, on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFD786668FC9A2823" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[748,870,1578,1604]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFD786668FC9A2823" box="[748,870,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFCE0666BFBD02824" author="Calder, D. R." box="[884,1068,1577,1603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988: 10</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFBC3666BFAA02824" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[1111,1372,1577,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFBC3666BFAA02824" box="[1111,1372,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14AFF53660FFE5E29E0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1577,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF53660FFE44280F" bold="true" box="[199,440,1613,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
Sanibel Island, beach at Lighthouse Point,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFC5B660FFBA6280F" box="[975,1114,1613,1640]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="26.449165">26°26’57”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFBF9660FFB002800" box="[1133,1276,1613,1639]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-82.01833">82°01’06”W</geoCoordinate>
, on detached
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF036633FEF828EC" baseAuthorityName="Kaehler &amp; Hughes" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[151,260,1649,1675]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF036633FEF828EC" box="[151,260,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at water’s edge,
<date id="625B75ECFFC6F14AFE596633FD7C28EC" box="[461,640,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-13">13 March 2018</date>
, 20° C, 33.5‰, two colonies or colony fragments, up to
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC6F14AFA836633FAA628EB" box="[1303,1370,1649,1676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high, with male gonophores, coll. D. Calder,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFC6F14AFDC266D7FD4C28C8" box="[598,688,1685,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B4323.—
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFC6F14AFCB066D7FA6028B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643694" collectingDate="2018-03-13" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" latitude="26.449165" location="Sanibel Island" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-82.01833" municipality="Lighthouse Point" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="B4324" specimenCount="1">
<location id="133A05F7FFC6F14AFCB066D7FC3528C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848:133A05F7FFC6F14AFCB066D7FC3528C8" box="[804,969,1685,1711]" latitude="26.449165" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-82.01833" municipality="Lighthouse Point" name="Sanibel Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sanibel Island</location>
, beach at
<collectingMunicipality id="F63EC956FFC6F14AFBA866D7FAFC28C8" box="[1084,1280,1685,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lighthouse Point</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFA9866D7FA6428D7" box="[1292,1432,1685,1712]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="26.449165">26°26’57”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFF0366FBFEDA28B4" box="[151,294,1721,1747]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-82.01833">82°01’06”W</geoCoordinate>
, on detached
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFE2966FBFDD628B4" baseAuthorityName="Kaehler &amp; Hughes" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[445,554,1721,1747]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFE2966FBFDD628B4" box="[445,554,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at water’s edge,
<date id="625B75ECFFC6F14AFD7066FBFC6D28B4" box="[740,913,1721,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-13">
<collectingDate id="721F8C04FFC6F14AFD7066FBFC6D28B4" box="[740,913,1721,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-13">13 March 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 20° C, 33.5‰, coll.
<collectorName id="BB1036FAFFC6F14AFBED66F8FB1B28B4" box="[1145,1255,1721,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFC6F14AFB6566FBFAB728B4" box="[1265,1355,1721,1747]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4643FB57FFC6F14AFAC666FBFA6028B4" box="[1362,1436,1721,1747]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B4324</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFC6F14AFF03669FFD192927" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643615" collectingDate="2018-03-15" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" latitude="26.45" location="Sanibel Island" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-82.016945" municipality="Lighthouse Point" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="B4325" specimenCount="1">
[initially preserved in 70% ethanol (never in formalin)].—
<location id="133A05F7FFC6F14AFCB3669FFC302890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848:133A05F7FFC6F14AFCB3669FFC302890" box="[807,972,1757,1784]" latitude="26.45" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-82.016945" municipality="Lighthouse Point" name="Sanibel Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sanibel Island</location>
, beach at
<collectingMunicipality id="F63EC956FFC6F14AFBA9669FFAFC2890" box="[1085,1280,1757,1783]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lighthouse Point</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFA98669FFA642890" box="[1292,1432,1757,1783]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="00" value="26.45">26°27’00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFF036743FEDB297C" box="[151,295,1793,1819]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-82.016945">82°01’01”W</geoCoordinate>
, on detached
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFE556743FDD2297C" baseAuthorityName="Kaehler &amp; Hughes" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[449,558,1793,1819]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFE556743FDD2297C" box="[449,558,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at water’s edge,
<date id="625B75ECFFC6F14AFD796743FC60297C" box="[749,924,1793,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-15">
<collectingDate id="721F8C04FFC6F14AFD796743FC60297C" box="[749,924,1793,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-15">15 March 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 18° C, 34‰, two colonies, up to
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC6F14AFA8F6743FAA1297B" box="[1307,1373,1793,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high, without gonophores, coll.
<collectorName id="BB1036FAFFC6F14AFE2A6764FDD12958" box="[446,557,1829,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFC6F14AFDAD6767FD6F2958" box="[569,659,1829,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4643FB57FFC6F14AFD0F6767FD192927" box="[667,741,1829,1856]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B4325</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.—
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFC6F14AFC926767FE6229E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643643" collectingDate="2018-03-22" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. Calder" latitude="26.4575" location="Fort Myers Beach" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-81.964165" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="B4326" specimenCount="1">
<location id="133A05F7FFC6F14AFC926767FC2B2958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848:133A05F7FFC6F14AFC926767FC2B2958" box="[774,983,1829,1856]" latitude="26.4575" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-81.964165" name="Fort Myers Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fort Myers Beach</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFC766767FB922958" box="[994,1134,1829,1855]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="27" value="26.4575">26°27’27”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC6F14AFBEE6767FAF52927" box="[1146,1289,1829,1856]" degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-81.964165">81°57’51”W</geoCoordinate>
, on detached
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF03670BFEF82904" baseAuthorityName="Kaehler &amp; Hughes" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[151,260,1865,1891]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF03670BFEF82904" box="[151,260,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thalassia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at water’s edge,
<date id="625B75ECFFC6F14AFE51670BFD892904" box="[453,629,1865,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-22">
<collectingDate id="721F8C04FFC6F14AFE51670BFD892904" box="[453,629,1865,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-22">22 March 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 21° C, 33.5‰, one colony,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC6F14AFC22670BFC0B2903" box="[950,1015,1865,1892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high, with male gonophores, coll.
<collectorName id="BB1036FAFFC6F14AFA156708FF1F29E0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="70F4CBE9FFC6F14AFF7B672FFEB529E0" box="[239,329,1901,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4643FB57FFC6F14AFEC4672FFE6229E0" box="[336,414,1901,1927]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B4326</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EFF00A7FFC6F14BFF5367D0FE4E2848" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC6F14BFF5367D0FD5F2FC8" blockId="10.[151,1437,1577,2036]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF5367D0FEC729CB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1938,1964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
This small and inconspicuous hydroid has been reported twice before from the Gulf coast of Florida, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFF2167F7FD9029A8" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[181,620,1973,2000]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFF2167F7FE5529B7" box="[181,425,1973,2000]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
L.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFE5867F7FD9029A8" author="Agassiz, L." box="[460,620,1973,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in the unpublished theses of
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFC2667F4FBBE29B7" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[946,1090,1973,2000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFBE367F7FAFA29B7" author="Shier, C. F." box="[1143,1286,1973,2000]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. With
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC6F14AFAD867F4FF232993" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC6F14AFAD867F4FF232993" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a species from cold waters in the boreal western North Atlantic (L.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFB8C679BFB4F2994" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1048,1203,2009,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz 1862</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14AFB2A6798FABA2994" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1214,1350,2009,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref133401" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC6F14BFAC6679BFF2F2ED4" author="Calder, D. R." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref127987" refString="Calder, D. R. (2017) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa, 4256 (1), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4256.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Calder 2017</bibRefCitation>
), the binomen
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFEE160D8FD712ED4" authority="(Calder, 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[373,653,153,179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFEE160D8FE1A2ED4" box="[373,486,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. sterreri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE6060DBFD792ED4" author="Calder, D. R." box="[500,645,153,179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has been adopted here for the Florida population. The name
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFABF60D8FA602ED4" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1323,1436,154,179]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFABF60D8FA602ED4" box="[1323,1436,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was applied originally to a species found on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD7360FFFC9D2EB0" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[743,865,189,215]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD7360FFFC9D2EB0" box="[743,865,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in warm waters of
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFBA960FFFB582EB0" box="[1085,1188,189,215]" name="Bermuda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB2760FFFABE2EB0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1203,1346,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFAF860FFFE892E9C" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFAF860FFFE892E9C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Similar hydroids from the tropical islands of
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFC1260A3FBEC2E9C" box="[902,1040,225,251]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
, Les Saintes, and
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFB4E60A3FAAA2E9C" box="[1242,1366,225,251]" name="Martinique" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Martinique</collectingCountry>
in the French Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, have likewise been identified as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFC516144FBCB2F78" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[965,1079,262,287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC516144FBCB2F78" box="[965,1079,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFBD36147FB302F78" author="Galea, H. R." box="[1095,1228,261,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB4C6147FAE92F78" author="Galea, H. R." box="[1240,1301,261,287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref133834" refString="Galea, H. R. (2013) New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa, 3686 (1), 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, records of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFE84616BFE472F24" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[272,443,297,323]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFE84616BFE472F24" box="[272,443,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from the Caribbean coast of Panama by
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFC26616BFB0D2F24" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L." box="[946,1265,296,323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref128387" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder &amp; Kirkendale (2005)</bibRefCitation>
are considered here to have been based on the same species. As noted earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFCDA610FFC212F00" author="Calder, D. R." box="[846,989,333,359]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref127987" refString="Calder, D. R. (2017) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa, 4256 (1), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4256.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Calder 2017</bibRefCitation>
), however, the various species of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFAC7610FFE6A2FEC" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFAC7610FFF292FEC" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
L.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFF6C6133FE6A2FEC" author="Agassiz, L." box="[248,406,369,395]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref122614" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have yet to be clearly differentiated on the basis of morphology, and all need to be compared by molecular methods to resolve relationships.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF5361FBFDAE2CCB" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The reported geographic range of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFDDC61F8FD472FB4" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[584,699,442,467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFDDC61F8FD472FB4" box="[584,699,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends from
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFCCA61FBFC392FB4" box="[862,965,441,467]" name="Bermuda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFC4761FBFB9F2FB4" author="Calder, D. R." box="[979,1123,441,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFB1961FBFA6F2FB4" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1165,1427,441,467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFB1961FBFA6F2FB4" box="[1165,1427,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and Florida (this study) to the southern Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD6A619FFBFF2F90" author="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E." box="[766,1027,477,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref124037" refString="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19, 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBB8619FFADC2F90" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1068,1312,477,503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBB8619FFADC2F90" box="[1068,1312,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and from there to northern
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFEC36243FE672C7C" box="[343,411,513,539]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahía</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFE326243FE162C7C" box="[422,490,513,539]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE6C6243FCC92C7C" author="Kelmo, F. &amp; Santa-Isabel, L. M." box="[504,821,513,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="61 - 71" refId="ref137377" refString="Kelmo, F. &amp; Santa-Isabel, L. M. (1998) The athecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from northern Bahia, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 46 (Suplemento), 61 - 71." type="journal article" year="1998">Kelmo &amp; Santa-Isabel 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFCDC6243FBDC2C7C" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[840,1056,513,539]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFCDC6243FBDC2C7C" box="[840,1056,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like other species of the genus, is normally found in shallow to relatively shallow water (for the bathymetric range of
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBD96264FABF2C58" authority="Broch, 1909" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1909" box="[1101,1347,549,575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nudus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBD96264FB4C2C58" box="[1101,1200,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. nudus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB236267FABF2C58" author="Broch, H." box="[1207,1347,549,575]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="127 - 248" refId="ref125536" refString="Broch, H. (1909 [1910]) Die Hydroiden der Arktischen Meere. Fauna Arctica, 5, 127 - 248. [dating of this publication, sometimes given as 1909, follows evidence from an original wrapper provided by Cornelius (1995 b)]" type="journal article" year="1909">Broch, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[1910], most frequently reported of the species, see
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD1D620BFCC22C04" author="Schuchert, P." box="[649,830,585,611]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
). It is nevertheless an inhabitant also of the high seas, occurring as part of the epibenthos on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD3D622FFCDF2CE0" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[681,803,621,647]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD3D622FFCDF2CE0" box="[681,803,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea (see the Reported Distribution section below for records).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF5362F7FC662D5C" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
While originally described from pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD1A62F7FCF42CA8" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[654,776,693,719]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD1A62F7FCF42CA8" box="[654,776,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Calder, 1998, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFC4162F7FB262CA8" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[981,1242,693,719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC4162F7FB262CA8" box="[981,1242,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the hydroid appears to be a substrate generalist.
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD81629BFD5A2C93" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[533,678,729,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce (1961)</bibRefCitation>
reported it on Cuban shoal weed (
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBBA629BFB0B2C94" authorityName="Asch" authorityYear="1868" box="[1070,1271,729,755]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Halodule" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wrightii">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBBA629BFB0B2C94" box="[1070,1271,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Halodule wrightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFA9B629BFA602C94" author="Shier, C. F." box="[1295,1436,728,755]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier (1965)</bibRefCitation>
on a chiton, and
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFECC62BFFE112D70" author="Galea, H. R." box="[344,493,765,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
on algae, sponges, mineral concretions, and in crevices on both scleractinians and hydrocorals. It was found here on the seagrass
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD306363FC6F2D5C" authorityName="Banks &amp; Sol ex K. D. Koenig" authorityYear="1805" box="[676,915,801,827]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD306363FC6F2D5C" box="[676,915,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thalassia testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF536307FCAF2DE4" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Hydroids observed in this study were brownish to rusty red in colour when alive. As described by
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFA976307FA642D38" author="Galea, H. R." box="[1283,1432,837,863]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, the gastrodermis at the bases of the tentacles was bright white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF5363CFFB152DAC" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
More details on the widespread but relatively obscure and inadequately known genus
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFB1863CFFAF62DC0" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1164,1290,909,935]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFB1863CFFAF62DC0" box="[1164,1290,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its putative species are given in works by
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD8E63F3FD292DAC" author="Schuchert, P." box="[538,725,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref149270" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFD7463F3FCE02DAC" author="Schuchert, P." box="[736,796,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref149512" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) North-west European athecate hydroids and their medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFCBB63F3FC392DAC" author="Galea, H. R." box="[815,965,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB9463F3FB692DAC" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1024,1173,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref127840" refString="Calder, D. R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590 (1), 1 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2590.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Calder (2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB3563F3FB222DAC" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1185,1246,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref127987" refString="Calder, D. R. (2017) Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa, 4256 (1), 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4256.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF536397FCB52A74" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF536397FD1C2D88" bold="true" box="[199,736,980,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Reported distribution.
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFE4A6396FD1C2D88" bold="true" box="[478,736,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Gulf coast of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFD166396FD202D88" box="[642,732,980,1007]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Florida</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Seahorse Key (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFC036397FBB52D88" author="Joyce, E. A. Jr." box="[919,1097,981,1007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref137169" refString="Joyce, E. A. Jr. (1961) The Hydroida of the Seahorse Key area. M. S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 116 pp." type="book" year="1961">Joyce 1961: 26</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBED6397FA8C2D88" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1145,1392,981,1007]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBED6397FA8C2D88" box="[1145,1392,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<materialsCitation id="A68D5971FFC7F14BFF0363BBFCB82A74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2430643587" box="[151,836,1016,1043]" location="San Blas area" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFF0363BBFF2D2A74" box="[151,209,1017,1043]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cape</collectingRegion>
<location id="133A05F7FFC7F14BFF4C63BBFE8D2A74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E4CE23AFFC6F14BFF03651EFE4E2848:133A05F7FFC7F14BFF4C63BBFE8D2A74" box="[216,369,1017,1043]" name="San Blas area" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Western Cape">San Blas area</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFEEB63BBFDE42A74" author="Shier, C. F." box="[383,536,1016,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref149825" refString="Shier, C. F. (1965) A taxonomic and ecological study of shallow water hydroids of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 128 pp." type="book" year="1965">Shier 1965: 8</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFDD063BBFCC52A74" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[580,825,1017,1043]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFDD063BBFCC52A74" box="[580,825,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="165A532CFFC7F14BFF53645EFE4E2848" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF53645EFD812A50" bold="true" box="[199,637,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Elsewhere in western North Atlantic.</emphasis>
Atlantic Ocean: Gulf Stream, on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBF6645FFB202A50" authority="Sargasso Sea" authorityName="Sargasso Sea" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1122,1244,1053,1079]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBF6645FFB202A50" box="[1122,1244,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ Sargasso Sea, on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFE806403FE722A3C" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[276,398,1089,1115]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFE806403FE722A3C" box="[276,398,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Burkenroad, in
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFDC46403FD102A3C" author="Parr, A. E." box="[592,748,1089,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref145813" refString="Parr, A. E. (1939) Quantitative observations on the pelagic Sargassum vegetation of the western North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 6 (7), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Parr 1939: 23</bibRefCitation>
, as “…resembles
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC2C6403FC072A3C" box="[952,1019,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Clava</emphasis>
”).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFBA66403FB8D2A3C" box="[1074,1137,1089,1115]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
: Gulf Stream off
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFAA26403FF412A18" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFF5E6427FED12A18" box="[202,301,1125,1151]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="40.15">40°09’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFEAE6426FE5C2A18" box="[314,416,1124,1151]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-70.933334">70°56’W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFE466427FDB02A18" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[466,588,1125,1151]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFE466427FDB02A18" box="[466,588,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr.
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFDED6427FD092A18" box="[633,757,1125,1151]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="ramifolium">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFDED6427FD092A18" box="[633,757,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ramifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFC916427FC2D2A18" author="Rackley, D. H." box="[773,977,1125,1151]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref147591" refString="Rackley, D. H. (1974) Hydroids of the pelagic Sargassum community of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea. M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 94 pp." type="book" year="1974">Rackley 1974: 19</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFC6A6427FB082A18" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[1022,1268,1125,1151]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC6A6427FB082A18" box="[1022,1268,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFAB46427FAA12A18" box="[1312,1373,1125,1151]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
: Gulf Stream off
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFE8F64CBFE352AC4" box="[283,457,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFE4C64CBFDC72AC4" box="[472,571,1161,1187]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="34.35">34°21’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFDDE64CAFD4D2AC4" box="[586,689,1160,1187]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-75.6">75°36’W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD7164CBFCA32AC4" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[741,863,1161,1187]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD7164CBFCA32AC4" box="[741,863,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr.
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFC0464CBFBF02AC4" box="[912,1036,1161,1187]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="ramifolium">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC0464CBFBF02AC4" box="[912,1036,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ramifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB8A64CBFB122AC4" author="Rackley, D. H." box="[1054,1262,1161,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref147591" refString="Rackley, D. H. (1974) Hydroids of the pelagic Sargassum community of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea. M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 94 pp." type="book" year="1974">Rackley 1974: 19</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFA8A64CBFEFB2AA0" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFA8A64CBFEFB2AA0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—Sargasso Sea, E of
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFD9F64EFFD4B2AA0" box="[523,695,1197,1223]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFD5764EFFCD92AA0" box="[707,805,1197,1223]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="33.433334">33°26’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFCA564EEFC642AA0" box="[817,920,1196,1223]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-71.933334">71°56’W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFC5364EFFBBD2AA0" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[967,1089,1197,1223]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFC5364EFFBBD2AA0" box="[967,1089,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr.
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFBF864EFFB142AA0" box="[1132,1256,1197,1223]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="species" species="ramifolium">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFBF864EFFB142AA0" box="[1132,1256,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ramifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB6C64EFFF492A8C" author="Rackley, D. H." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref147591" refString="Rackley, D. H. (1974) Hydroids of the pelagic Sargassum community of the Gulf Stream and Sargasso Sea. M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 94 pp." type="book" year="1974">Rackley 1974: 19</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFF706493FE272A8C" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[228,475,1233,1259]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF706493FE272A8C" box="[228,475,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFD916493FD872A8B" box="[517,635,1233,1260]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
: Santa Marta area (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFCCF6493FB682A8C" author="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E." box="[859,1172,1233,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref124037" refString="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19, 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987: 39</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFB576493FF422B68" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFB576493FF422B68" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFF7C64B7FEAA2B77" box="[232,342,1269,1296]" name="Bermuda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
: Whalebone Bay, on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFD0864B7FCEA2B68" baseAuthorityName="Defenbaugh &amp; Hopkins" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[668,790,1269,1295]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Phaeophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFD0864B7FCEA2B68" box="[668,790,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFCB164B7FC232B68" author="Calder, D. R." box="[805,991,1269,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127147" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 52225" type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988: 10</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFB9E64B7FAEC2B68" baseAuthorityName="Calder" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1034,1296,1269,1295]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sterreri">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFB9E64B7FAEC2B68" box="[1034,1296,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium sterreri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFAAD64B7FA652B68" box="[1337,1433,1269,1295]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Panama</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFF03655BFEBD2B54" box="[151,321,1305,1331]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
area, Bastimentos (north),
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFDE2655BFCF62B54" box="[630,778,1305,1331]" degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="20.898" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="9.3483">09°20.898’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFC82655AFC522B54" box="[790,942,1304,1331]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="09.959" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="-82.165985">82°09.959’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC7F14BFC2E655BFC022B54" box="[954,1022,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1-4 m</quantity>
+
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFB89655BFB3B2B54" box="[1053,1223,1305,1331]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
area, Drago 2, 2-
<quantity id="D11DFEC9FFC7F14BFA19655BFF512B30" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFF2B657FFDCE2B30" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L." box="[191,562,1340,1367]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="476 - 491" refId="ref128387" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Kirkendale, L. (2005) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from shallow-water environments along the Caribbean Coast of Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 476 - 491." type="journal article" year="2005">Calder &amp; Kirkendale 2005: 477</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFDF6657FFCF12B30" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[610,781,1341,1367]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizodendrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFDF6657FFCF12B30" box="[610,781,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizodendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.).—French Lesser Antilles:
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFBEC657FFAFE2B30" box="[1144,1282,1341,1367]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
, Basse-Terre, Petite Anse,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFEB16522FE2F2B1C" box="[293,467,1376,1403]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="47.00" value="16.09639">16°05’47.00”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFE4B6523FD6E2B1C" box="[479,658,1377,1403]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="17.00" value="-61.77139">61°46’17.00”W</geoCoordinate>
, on algae, concretions + Basse-Terre, Anse à la Barque,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFA986522FA642B1C" box="[1292,1432,1376,1403]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="21" value="16.089167">16°05’21”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFF0365C7FEDB2BF8" box="[151,295,1413,1439]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-61.766666">61°46’00”W</geoCoordinate>
, on coral + Grande-Terre, Anse des Salines,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFCB965C6FC202BF8" box="[813,988,1412,1439]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="58.80" value="16.249666">16°14’58.80”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFC7D65C6FB602BF8" box="[1001,1180,1412,1439]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" seconds="50.45" value="-61.180683">61°10’50.45”W</geoCoordinate>
, on hydrocoral (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFACD65C7FF112BA3" author="Galea, H. R." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea 2008: 8</bibRefCitation>
).—French Lesser Antilles: Les Saintes, Terre-de-Haut, Pain de Sucre,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFBB565EAFB512BA4" box="[1057,1197,1448,1475]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="45" value="15.8625">15°51’45”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="73D135EBFFC7F14BFB2F65EAFAB62BA4" box="[1211,1354,1448,1475]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" seconds="60" value="-61.6">61°35’60”W</geoCoordinate>
, on algae, concretions, sponge (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFE2F658FFDA52B8F" author="Galea, H. R." box="[443,601,1485,1512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref133730" refString="Galea, H. R. (2008) On a collection of shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 1878 (1), 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1878.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Galea 2008: 8</bibRefCitation>
).—French Lesser Antilles:
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFC07658FFBF32B80" box="[915,1039,1485,1511]" name="Martinique" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFB8B658FFB312B8F" author="Galea, H. R." box="[1055,1229,1485,1512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref133834" refString="Galea, H. R. (2013) New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa, 3686 (1), 1 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Galea 2013: 49</bibRefCitation>
).—Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFF0A65B3FE90286C" author="Wedler, E." box="[158,364,1521,1547]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref154158" refString="Wedler, E. (2017 b) Hidroides del Mar Caribe con enfasis en la region de Santa Marta, Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Serie de Publicaciones Generales del INVEMAR # 94, Santa Marta, Colombia, 200 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wedler 2017b: 42</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 36A–D, as
<taxonomicName id="D1E528AFFFC7F14BFDBB65B3FCD9286C" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" box="[559,805,1521,1547]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Rhizogeton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFDBB65B3FCD9286C" box="[559,805,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhizogeton fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).—
<collectingCountry id="6EF213BCFFC7F14BFCDA65B3FC52286C" box="[846,942,1521,1547]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Panama</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D4219DCEFFC7F14BFC2D65B3FB9E286C" box="[953,1122,1521,1547]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
area, Bocas del Drago (
<bibRefCitation id="72742EDDFFC7F14BFAE565B3FE5A2848" author="Miglietta, M. P. &amp; Piraino, S. &amp; Pruski, S. &amp; Alpizar Gonzalez, M. &amp; Castellanos-Iglesias, S. &amp; Jeronimo-Aguilar, S. &amp; Lawley, J. W. &amp; Maggioni, D. &amp; Martell, L. &amp; Matsumoto, Y. &amp; Moncada, A. &amp; Nagale, P. &amp; Phongphattarawat, S. &amp; Sheridan, C. &amp; Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Sukhoputova, A. &amp; Collin, R." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="102 - 112" refId="ref142724" refString="Miglietta, M. P., Piraino, S., Pruski, S., Alpizar Gonzalez, M., Castellanos-Iglesias, S., Jeronimo-Aguilar, S., Lawley, J. W., Maggioni, D., Martell, L., Matsumoto, Y., Moncada, A., Nagale, P., Phongphattarawat, S., Sheridan, C., Soto Angel, J. J., Sukhoputova, A. &amp; Collin, R. (2018 b) An integrative identification guide to the Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Neotropical Biodiversity, 4, 102 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2018.1488656" type="journal article" year="2018">
Miglietta
<emphasis id="24918F3EFFC7F14BFF706654FEE92848" box="[228,277,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b: 108
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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