treatments-xml/data/69/26/05/6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6.xml

<document id="6FD4A553A1CA3AD7EC5AFC32DD5ACC17" ID-CLB-Dataset="34549" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7e72f54-8eaf-459e-9e22-6c9bc7042b12" ID-PMC="PMC3978228" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-398-83" ID-PubMed="24715803" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-398-83" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 398" ModsDocTitle="Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy" checkinTime="1451246012108" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew D. &amp; Prous, Marko" docDate="2014" docId="6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 398: 83-98" docOrigin="ZooKeys 398" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595" docTitle="Euura mucronata Hartig 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="5A0DD270F16BCD00C370FFAB736EFFAB" masterDocTitle="Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1732938234006" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A16D2B4B19080D993510F0DAB273DFFE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="22A48F31C858D9B75EFB0C26A7C9EFE6">
<mods:title id="3A7A485925B69D00A106F4770836C515">Sawfly taxa (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) described by Edward Newman and Charles Healy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="51F736BF50F14528B8A6B7BC4B0B7EB7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="833C59707AEFDD915F087A16DBF5DBD9">
<mods:roleTerm id="EE4CD25E77D7AF165F2EE0246BE51D29">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3CE468B108CD09B18EFD1AEA6129EFD1">Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FDDD485561D8899C12503E275AF07A33" type="personal">
<mods:role id="47FB13C4A9C589BD4A95044249BA4764">
<mods:roleTerm id="83183B54532F1D6AF88AA5399369BAB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4E07F38836F85BDD6105F02116EDE889">Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="36BA121D49DAFFE4B8FC692CA8CB2E80">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="61628FEB9FDE5EA4B831C848CEECA879" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4AAA6BC231D9807DF529D6C71782AD01">
<mods:title id="884B30DD824AB767985854A163E5CF68">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CA7E7196D02F665407B84043E5B58242">
<mods:date id="68291D72FFB4CD686723960559B65940">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6EB6B7B7C1C497212D265EA641181597" type="volume">
<mods:number id="85FE1A1ACCEA92B79735AE7577331C62">398</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F7B09D402B1180527B68090886E1B2B9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D117370FB90113DCD12B77A790005F66">83</mods:start>
<mods:end id="65465D22F5AC5B834D8982BD62C71E6F">98</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="6CE43FD228AD874A9B0A2909B3F7A6E6">
<mods:url id="A030409BB897A7260832E15BF215DFB4">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="EF0D5CE142DC558E032DAE13512EC449">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A07A457A8786C7C5C304BAC17DA6669" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.398.6595</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="86BAB882CBB2D346139B8E1115856E90" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-398-83</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6926057364CF87F7C070162C19BF2AA6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="43A72A8112889AD6542E10F1B9389311" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5E4B67E21FE137FDFACD6012A92F310D" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="7704835F3BA6CB1BE29875A603F85084" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Euura_mucronata" authority="Hartig, 1837" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura mucronata" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837)</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="DC7C8578FDA76513F16754055AA3FEF1" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenthredinidae</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EDBB518DB644C95E84D2D022C72ACFC" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9B6B1701D14BBA16F9FD8B86F4778E71" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="7D6384AE53B4404B33633EB3EAA25396" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
Newman, January 1837: 260; sex not stated; type locality: Scotland. syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E373F3872187D993C2A919DD91325216" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="ABE84146E00F2794391B7E3BD7E0CC8B" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus (Cryptocampus) mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus" subGenus="Cryptocampus">Nematus (Cryptocampus) mucronatus</taxonomicName>
Hartig, March 1837: 223; ♀♂; type locality: not stated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="297B1A2A96C715EF3831E4E4A9836B9A" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="type material examined">
<paragraph id="E5DD1601F014CD03BED0261F692675A1" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56F4690363F721CA8BC57B0D239791FB" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="9BC9C584B1B6EFC54A6A76A27A6424DA" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
. Holotype ♀, figs 1-6: &quot;[handwritten] Euura gallae Newm. [printed] Det. in Coll. Ent. Club, Inst.'d 1826. 
<normalizedToken id="547D832045A82E01F1EFA9C2C52C2E04" originalValue="Pres’d">Pres'd</normalizedToken>
1927 by Club to Hope Coll.&quot;, &quot;[red] Holotype (teste A. Liston, 2013) Euura gallae Newman, 1837&quot;, &quot;Euura mucronata (Hartig, 1837) det. Liston 2013&quot;, &quot;DEI-GISHym 19993&quot;. Condition: apical three flagellomeres of both antennae and right rear tarsus missing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="962C4B784D7109FB7E8972F68D4E90B0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F60EA2CDA6AEB016646A2FE46731EA31" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B8E9D976CE1B4853A1DA005B35EEBE6" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<normalizedToken id="39580F25529869C1F64F78E6AB533C1B" originalValue="Newman’s">Newman's</normalizedToken>
very short original description of 
<taxonomicName id="74B8FF1336DBC0C0A6F220F9C06D3654" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
, based on a single specimen [holotype], is impossible to identify as belonging to one of the currently recognised species. The description reads: &quot;Euura gallae. Nigra: antennis nigris, apice ferrugineis: pedibus pallidis. Black: mouth yellow; 
<normalizedToken id="875FDEF107357E89633394217E89298A" originalValue="antennæ">antennae</normalizedToken>
rust-coloured at the tip; the legs entirely pale. The insect is the size of 
<taxonomicName id="FBF744763237649636299C03157E29B9" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus pallipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Nematus pallipes</taxonomicName>
: the only specimen I have observed was taken by Mr. Walker, in Scotland.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C438C9DBFB4DD9319D14C031EF2E65C" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
Five specimens bearing the name 
<taxonomicName id="DFF7FB85218AC37DAAE325B5B794406F" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
, all females, were found in the Hope Collections. Four of these belong to the 
<taxonomicName id="8F67369EA0AC06DE5B8A1F51933BB48A" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura atra" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="atra">Euura atra</taxonomicName>
species group. They have nearly completely dark mouthparts, except for the labrum, and the femora are conspicuously black basally. They therefore do not agree with the description of the holotype. The fifth specimen (Figs 1-6) has more extensively pale mouthparts and antennae, the malar area is conspicuously pale, and the legs are almost completely pale. This specimen is identified as the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="E41FD6EDCE05EEA810A0D475CFDBA9B2" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5E1EE0BC4A101E917624370320D8DFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
<normalizedToken id="74E0644E518D3A88FC1046AB0A7F4844" originalValue="Newman’s">Newman's</normalizedToken>
description of 
<taxonomicName id="564BFAE991D10A992C57A0CFD20D9AC7" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
pre-dates 
<normalizedToken id="36839747B50928A5F811162E01F4B49B" originalValue="Hartig’s">Hartig's</normalizedToken>
of 
<taxonomicName id="903EEB7928419E7248677E4E3E244D72" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
by a couple of months. Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is here applied, to reverse the precedence of the species names, because the name 
<taxonomicName id="7FEC081D8300DAE6292FC2165790E1CC" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
(nomen oblitum) has not been used as valid after 1899, and 
<taxonomicName id="18A4E5F5DD7B4123C97C2B4E6ED95AF7" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura mucronata" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6D4FBCF72573DF2D3F086104649DE7F1" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
: nomen protectum) has been used as a valid species name in [very many] more than 25 works published by more than 10 authors in the last 50 years. A list of these references is available from us on request.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="109DBEE10BE0330EB260C865D3D0B0A9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
The type species of 
<taxonomicName id="21ED4C0059C9751366059F508A6C58AF" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="9BE122C76E14362701BC1833D59FC46E" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="start">Euura</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
Newman, 1837 by subsequent designation of 
<bibRefCitation id="B9AFE73D09457F3A97167448665DEE06" author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Technical series / US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="69 - 109" title="Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. II. The genotypes of the sawflies and woodwasps, or the superfamily Tenthredinoidea." volume="20" year="1911">Rohwer (1911</bibRefCitation>
: 80) is 
<taxonomicName id="881D9F3CCC36DEC01429591DD379D6AE" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
Newman, 1837. 
<bibRefCitation id="F73A00870EBC113F1981DE6FFE22E1B5" author="Dalla Torre, CG de" journalOrPublisher="Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" title="Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus" year="1894">Dalla Torre (1894</bibRefCitation>
: 276) listed 
<taxonomicName id="01C2ADB3F34931FC683E1166DDDB260E" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
as a valid species of 
<taxonomicName id="BF3CBEE4DC7AA0B05D6EEA1278E98376" genus="Cryptocampus" lsidName="Cryptocampus" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Cryptocampus</taxonomicName>
Hartig, 1837, but with a footnote &quot;=? C. saliceti (Fall.).&quot; At this time, 
<taxonomicName id="75CB335BA99F09542F96F04C0E308829" genus="Cryptocampus" lsidName="Cryptocampus saliceti" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="saliceti">Cryptocampus saliceti</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="F2BBEF2A252FBF1A2FBFFC0F749DC300" originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
, 1808) was in use as the name of the species called 
<taxonomicName id="00B128E05F313B08E3700CE3B5877432" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura mucronata" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="mucronata">Euura mucronata</taxonomicName>
(Hartig, 1837) by most recent authors. 
<bibRefCitation id="2089F5F62043BB052CDE441EFB7FE749" author="Konow, FW" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 176" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Tenthredinidae." volume="29" year="1905 b">Konow (1905b)</bibRefCitation>
placed 
<taxonomicName id="8A3283EB9DDF40A9B10F56963DA00644" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="C96D85B6616187935EDB855BCC152524" genus="Cryptocampus" lsidName="Cryptocampus medullarius" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="medullarius">Cryptocampus medullarius</taxonomicName>
(Hartig, 1837). The latter is a junior subjective synonym of the species currently known as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3968AF96BB24D7D250F67915D342AB" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura amerinae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="amerinae">Euura amerinae</taxonomicName>
(Linnaeus, 1758). 
<bibRefCitation id="2BD11C153BB44C40F87776C6642DE293" author="Rohwer, SA" journalOrPublisher="Technical series / US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology" pageId="11" pageNumber="94" pagination="69 - 109" title="Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. II. The genotypes of the sawflies and woodwasps, or the superfamily Tenthredinoidea." volume="20" year="1911">Rohwer (1911</bibRefCitation>
: 94) and all subsequent authors followed 
<normalizedToken id="F76322B11DB3282AF5D5571886F7BF5E" originalValue="Konow’s">Konow's</normalizedToken>
opinion, in that gallae was regarded as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="88710C6DD91CB2AF6844960DEAE3134A" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura amerinae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="amerinae">Euura amerinae</taxonomicName>
, or one of the subjective junior synonyms of that taxon. It is unlikely that any specialist, apart from Newman himself, has examined the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="8CC1EFB02AEDFA8525C95A85319DAC4F" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
. Clearly, the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="6DFC3F535C675725C48D08A21BE2121D" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura gallae" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gallae">Euura gallae</taxonomicName>
has until now been widely misinterpreted. As a result of the new identification, the genus group name 
<taxonomicName id="FDC97D1FBD1C548C1E22BC37147D0CA8" genus="Gemmura" lsidName="Gemmura" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Gemmura</taxonomicName>
E. L. Smith, 1968 (type species 
<taxonomicName id="A2C19FDC13F4EFF911EACFEF21597D76" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus mucronatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatus">Nematus mucronatus</taxonomicName>
Hartig, 1837), proposed as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="CCBA44D3F51F6EAC03135013E4D20241" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
, becomes a junior objective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="39B18324BFFE9FB609C2F5AED174D138" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
Newman, sensu stricto. If in future it should be considered that recognition of subgenera within 
<taxonomicName id="A0797DEC2A0575E10C7966FD15385BC9" genus="Euura" lsidName="Euura" pageId="2" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Euura</taxonomicName>
is necessary, then a new name for the stem-galling groups would be needed. However, in our opinion there is at present neither sufficient phylogenetic support, nor a practical justification (because the genus includes too few species) for such an act. Distinction of species groups, if considered necessary, should be achieved by employing 
<normalizedToken id="61BE4449438186D07A3A848B5E05FD42" originalValue="“informal”">&quot;informal&quot;</normalizedToken>
group names whose use is not regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Such names might, for example, be the &quot;mucronata group&quot; for the bud-gallers and the &quot;atra group&quot; for the stem-gallers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>