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<document id="348CE51FAC5F639E02699F89536ACB8F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30029" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fb6bb16-d9ff-4ca3-a474-86c4d1abdc95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1253240" ID-ZooBank="50FBD8F3-327B-4562-B587-66180E329DB3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1527266783242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira &amp; Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz" docDate="2018" docId="038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4422.4.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4422 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polyclinum campi Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2A3B47E0-6372-44B2-8E26-7449C1121E1E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="531" masterDocId="FFB4454FFF98FF84C07272376B61FFD8" masterDocTitle="Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="519" pageNumber="530" updateTime="1698545428781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D4644103533FF8FCD950142DA14BC353">Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="443C965756232FCBA9A8717285F33B46">Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C21CE1E2328A57C9BB010BF420F75AF">Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FA9F8E5FA68A673BED9311E9F9DFC7AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5C1B38053818528A7E59D51B1ED3475E">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959106" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144128939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5959106" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2A3B47E0-6372-44B2-8E26-7449C1121E1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF93FF8FC0E577E36A2BF9C8" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF8FC0E577E36ADDFA36" blockId="11.[151,444,1492,1552]" box="[151,444,1492,1518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<heading id="D0D33B4DFF93FF8FC0E577E36ADDFA36" bold="true" box="[151,444,1492,1518]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF93FF8FC0E577E36ADDFA36" bold="true" box="[151,444,1492,1518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF93FF8FC0E577E36A13FA36" authority="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo, 2018" authorityName="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,370,1492,1518]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF93FF8FC0E577E36A13FA36" bold="true" box="[151,370,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">Polyclinum campi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263ED48FF93FF8FC10B77E36ADDFA36" box="[377,444,1492,1518]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF8FC0E577C06A2BF9C8" blockId="11.[151,444,1492,1552]" box="[151,330,1527,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
(
<figureCitation id="131F90A4FF93FF8FC0EC77C06A78F9D7" box="[158,281,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="12.[151,250,973,995]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,591,949]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,591,949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 14. Polyclinum campi sp. n. Scales 1 cm—Preserved material in formalin. A—EJ-67-162; B—EJ-67-330; C—EJ-67- 76." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1253256/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">Figures 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131F90A4FF93FF8FC15777C06A20F9C8" box="[293,321,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[317,1279,270,1480]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[289,1298,241,1483]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 15. Polyclinum campi sp. n. A—larvae; B—zooid. Scale: A = 0,1 mm; B = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1253258/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF93FF8FC0E57408699BF9A4" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF8FC0E57408699BF9A4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1599,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF93FF8FC0E574086A40F980" bold="true" box="[151,289,1599,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species is named after Dr. David K. Camp, eminent carcinologist who encouraged and enabled our study of the Hourglass Cruises ascidian collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF93FF8FC0B574B0686BF91C" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF8FC0B574B0686BF91C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1599,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF93FF8FC0B574B06AD4F978" bold="true" box="[199,437,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">Examined material:</emphasis>
collected in
<date id="FF9AAAE1FF93FF8FC23674B069CBF978" box="[580,682,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" value="1967-03-02">2/3/1967</date>
,
<date id="FF9AAAE1FF93FF8FC2C774B06852F978" box="[693,819,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" value="1967-09-11">11/09/1967</date>
and
<date id="FF9AAAE1FF93FF8FC31B74B068BDF978" box="[873,988,1671,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" value="1967-05-11">11/5/1967</date>
, respectively; 27°37’N, 083°28’W,
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC51974B06BCEF91B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="m" value="36.6">36.6 m</quantity>
, specimens #EJ-67-162, # EJ-67-330 and # EJ-67-76.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF93FF88C0B574F86AC8FDC0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF8FC0B574F86E5EF8E8" blockId="11.[151,1436,1599,2020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF93FF8FC0B574F86A3AF930" bold="true" box="[199,347,1743,1768]" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">Description:</emphasis>
Flattened colonies with rounded edges, up to
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC32E74F868C9F93F" box="[860,936,1743,1767]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="cm" value="9.1">9.1 cm</quantity>
long and average thickness of
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC57374F86E30F93F" box="[1281,1361,1743,1768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
. Small amounts of fine sand in the surface and in the broad attachment area of the colony. Tunic with brown coloration and of fleshy consistency. Zooids systems inconspicuous with the cloacal opening marked by a light elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF93FF88C0B5750C6AC8FDC0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1599,2020]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="11" pageNumber="530">
Zooids with average length of
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC254750C69ECF88B" box="[550,653,1851,1875]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="4.99">4.99 mm</quantity>
, an elongated thorax sometimes reaching half of the total size of the animal. Abdomen and post-abdomen are very short (length range: thorax plus abdomen =
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC4DF75686E37F8AF" box="[1197,1366,1887,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.095" metricValueMax="5.76" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="4.095" valueMax="5.76" valueMin="2.43">2.43–5.76 mm</quantity>
; postabdomen =
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC15475B46AB3F843" box="[294,466,1923,1948]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="0.705" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.51">0.51–0.90 mm</quantity>
). Branchial siphon tubular, measuring
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC3EF75B46F26F843" box="[925,1095,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.24 mm</quantity>
, with six sharp lobes. Atrial languet with variable length (
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF93FF8FC1AE759069E2F867" box="[476,643,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5999999999999999" metricValueMax="2.88" metricValueMin="0.32" pageId="11" pageNumber="530" unit="mm" value="1.5999999999999999" valueMax="2.88" valueMin="0.32">0.32–2.88 mm</quantity>
) and a pointed tip or small teeth. Atrial opening rounded, small and not connected to the atrial languet, located at the level of the fifth stigmata row. Six to eleven thin muscular longitudinal bundles on each side of the body, from the branchial siphon to half the length of the thorax. Musculature also found in the atrial languet, which can vary between seven and nine fibers. Pharynx with 13–18 rows of stigmata and 14 small and round branchial papillae in the transversal vessels of each side of the thorax. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus narrow. Stomach large, rounded, and yellow. The size of the esophagus and stomach together are equal to the abdomen length. Intestine short, with two evident constrictions. Anus is bilobed, opening at the level of the ninth stigmata row. Post-abdomen short, sac-like, with a thin peduncle of around 0.10 x
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF94FF88C1867347693AFE5F" box="[500,603,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
. Gonads were well-developed in two of the specimens analyzed, the ovary located in the central portion of the post-abdomen along with approximately 30 testicular follicles. The posterior half of the thorax takes up to six embryos in a single series. Larvae with up to
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF94FF88C47073806F07FE17" box="[1026,1126,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="0.63">0.63 mm</quantity>
and three adhesive papillae with thin and long peduncles, four elongated ampullae, ectodermal vesicles in the ventral region, and a tail wound ¾ way around the trunk.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5BDCA9FF94FF88C0E571FA6BD6FBDA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1253256/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" startId="12.[151,250,973,995]" targetBox="[340,1247,591,949]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0E571FA6BD6FBDA" blockId="12.[151,1436,973,1026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C0E571FA6A7EFC3B" bold="true" box="[151,287,973,995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C15671FA6ABAFC3C" authority="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo, 2018" authorityName="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo" authorityYear="2018" box="[292,475,973,996]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C15671FA6ABAFC3C" box="[292,475,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum campi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263ED48FF94FF88C19371F96976FC3B" box="[481,535,974,995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scales 1 cm—Preserved material in formalin. A—EJ-67-162; B—EJ-67-330; C—EJ-67- 76.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF94FF88C0B5761E693EFAC5" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0B5761E693EFAC5" blockId="12.[151,1437,1065,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C0B5761E6A5AFB9A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1065,1090]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C1B8761D6928FB9A" box="[458,585,1066,1090]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C1B8761D6928FB9A" box="[458,585,1066,1090]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently has only three valid species recorded in the
<collectingRegion id="49E042C3FF94FF88C4A6761D6E4EFB99" box="[1236,1327,1066,1089]" country="Ghana" name="Western" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C08376796AFCFBBD" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[241,413,1101,1125]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C08376796AFCFBBD" box="[241,413,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C1DE7679695FFBBD" box="[428,574,1102,1125]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C1DE7679695FFBBD" box="[428,574,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C20F767968B2FBBE" authority="(Rocha et al., 2012 a)" authorityName="Rocha et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[637,979,1101,1126]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molle">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C20F767969B9FBBD" box="[637,728,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. molle</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C295767A68AAFBBE" box="[743,971,1101,1126]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref7027" refString="Rocha, R. M., Zanata, T. B. &amp; Moreno, T. R. (2012 a) Keys for the identification of families and genera of Atlantic shallow water ascidians. Biota Neotropica, 12, 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032012000100022" type="journal article">
Rocha
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C34B7679680BFBBD" box="[825,874,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">et al</emphasis>
., 2012a
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C3AC767A6F94FBBD" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[990,1269,1101,1125]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C3AC767A6F94FBBD" box="[990,1269,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Savingy (1816) based on specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F333CCB1FF94FF88C2DF7646687BFB52" box="[685,794,1137,1162]" name="Mauritius" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
Islands, in the Indian Ocean. The original description, according to standards of the beginning of the 19th century, is very brief. Savigny states that zooids are organized in conspicuous systems, and each zooid has 14 stigmata rows in the pharynx.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C447768A6E68FB0D" box="[1077,1289,1213,1237]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref7200" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the west indian region and south eastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name (1921)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C5F5768A6A47FB20" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C5F5768A6A47FB20" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time in the Atlantic, later confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C30776D76F49FB21" box="[885,1064,1248,1273]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6755" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe III. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article">Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
after a comparison of specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F333CCB1FF94FF88C0A677336A3AFAC5" box="[212,347,1284,1309]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
with the
<typeStatus id="549F3283FF94FF88C1B777326A94FAC5" box="[453,501,1285,1309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF94FF88C0B5771F6F0AF915" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0B5771F6AF7F9C1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1065,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C0B5771F6ABCFA98" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[199,477,1320,1344]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C0B5771F6ABCFA98" box="[199,477,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Indian Ocean and Tropical Atlantic. It is described as having variable sand content of the colony surface, zooids measuring
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF94FF88C280777B6830FABC" box="[754,849,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
, 11–18 stigmata rows in the pharynx, 8–22 stigmata per row, 7 or 10 branchial papillae on each side of the pharynx, and larvae measuring 0.42–1.00 mm, with four pairs of ampullae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C10277A26956FA75" box="[368,567,1429,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref7200" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the west indian region and south eastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article">Van Name, 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C23777A2686BFA75" box="[581,778,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref7237" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C36A77A368D8FA75" box="[792,953,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6039" refString="Gravier, R. (1955) Ascidies recoltees par le President Theodore Tissier (campagne de printemps 1951). Revue Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritime, 19, 611 - 631." type="journal article">Gravier, 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C3BA77A36F39FA75" box="[968,1112,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6391" refString="Millar, R. H. (1958) Some Ascidians from Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1 (13), 497 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935808650975" type="journal article">Millar, 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C41577A36F98FA75" box="[1127,1273,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6431" refString="Millar, R. H. (1962) Budding in the ascidian Aplidium petrense Michaelsen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (13), 337 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651255" type="journal article">Millar, 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C57577A36EF6FA75" box="[1287,1431,1428,1453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6499" refString="Millar, R. H. (1975) Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia, 3, 205 - 336." type="journal article">Millar, 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C0E5778F6A28FA09" box="[151,329,1464,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6755" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe III. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article">Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C12C778F6944FA09" box="[350,549,1464,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref5957" refString="Goodbody, I. (2003) The ascidian fauna of Port Royal, Jamaica I. Harbor and mangrove dwelling species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73, 457 - 476." type="journal article">Goodbody, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C248778F6828FA09" box="[570,841,1464,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6228" refString="Lotufo, T. M. C. &amp; Silva, A. M. B. (2005) Ascidiacea. In: Cascon, H. M. &amp; Lotufo, T. M. C. (Eds.), Biota marinha da costa oeste do Ceara. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia, pp. 221 - 248." type="book chapter">Lotufo &amp; Silva, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C32C778F6F11FA09" box="[862,1136,1464,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6927" refString="Rocha, R. M. &amp; Costa, L. V. G. (2005) Ascidians (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) from Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inheringia, Serie Zoologia, 95, 57 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000100009" type="journal article">Rocha &amp; Costa, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The present species is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C10077EA697CFA2D" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[370,541,1501,1525]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C10077EA697CFA2D" box="[370,541,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly due to the larger number of branchial papillae and the larger number of ampullae in the larvae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0B574136F0AF915" blockId="12.[151,1437,1065,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
Descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C10E7412696CF9E4" box="[380,525,1573,1596]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C10E7412696CF9E4" box="[380,525,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also mention many similar features with
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C39674126FEEF9E5" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[996,1167,1573,1597]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C39674126FEEF9E5" box="[996,1167,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">P. constellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the presence of sand on the colony surface, zooids measuring 3.0–
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF94FF88C28E747F6837F9B8" box="[764,854,1608,1633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
, 10–16 stigmata rows with 9–17 stigmata per row, larvae measuring 0.43–0.50 with four or five pairs of ampullae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C319745B689EF95D" box="[875,1023,1644,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref5688" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1950) The Tunicata with an account of the British species. Ray Society, London, 349 pp." type="book">Berrill, 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C479745B6FC8F95D" box="[1035,1193,1644,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6039" refString="Gravier, R. (1955) Ascidies recoltees par le President Theodore Tissier (campagne de printemps 1951). Revue Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritime, 19, 611 - 631." type="journal article">Gravier, 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C4C4745B6E25F95D" box="[1206,1348,1644,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6293" refString="Millar, R. H. (1953) On a collection of ascidians from the Gold Coast. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Lond on, 123 (2), 277 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1953. tb 00176. x" type="journal article">Millar, 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C522745B6BB2F971" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6349" refString="Millar, R. H. (1956) Ascidians from Mozambique, East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, IX (1), 913 - 932. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608655917" type="journal article">Millar, 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C09074A76A14F971" box="[226,373,1680,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6474" refString="Millar, R. H. (1966) Ascidiacea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 27, 357 - 384." type="journal article">Millar, 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C1F774A76955F971" box="[389,564,1680,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6652" refString="Monniot, F. (1969) Sur une collection d'ascidies composees de Dakar. Bulletin du Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, Series 2, 41 (2), 426 - 457." type="journal article">Monniot, 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C23674A76992F971" box="[580,755,1680,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6718" refString="Monniot, F. (1974) Ascidies littorales et bathyales recoltees au cours de Ia campagne Biacores: Aplousobranches. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 3, 251, 1287 - 1326." type="journal article">Monniot, 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C37174A668EFF971" box="[771,910,1681,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6857" refString="Peres, J. M. (1949) Contribution a l'etude des Ascidies de la cote occidentale d'Afrique. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire, 11 (1 - 2), 159 - 207." type="journal article">Pèrés, 1949</bibRefCitation>
). The most distinctive feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C56E74A76A6DF914" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantium">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C56E74A76A6DF914" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, when compared to the other species, is its larger number of larval ampullae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF94FF88C0B574EF6FC1F87D" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0B574EF686BF885" blockId="12.[151,1437,1065,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C0B574EF6AECF928" box="[199,397,1752,1776]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molle">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C0B574EF6AECF928" box="[199,397,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum molle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more recently described for the Brazilian coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF94FF88C39F74EF6F87F929" box="[1005,1254,1752,1777]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" refId="ref6927" refString="Rocha, R. M. &amp; Costa, L. V. G. (2005) Ascidians (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) from Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inheringia, Serie Zoologia, 95, 57 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000100009" type="journal article">Rocha &amp; Costa, 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and bore some similarities with the species herein described, especially regarding the larval ampullae (12), zooid size, and muscle pattern. However, there are marked differences in the number of stigmata rows and papillae in the pharynx, and in the larvae regarding its size and location of the vesicles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF94FF88C0B5755F6FC1F87D" blockId="12.[151,1437,1065,1957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">
Considering all the similarities and differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF94FF88C29F755F68DBF858" authority="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo, 2018" authorityName="Fortaleza &amp; Lotufo" authorityYear="2018" box="[749,954,1896,1920]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9505033FF94FF88C29F755F68DBF858" box="[749,954,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="531">Polyclinum campi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A263ED48FF94FF88C3B6755E6F63F858" box="[964,1026,1897,1920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="531" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is here described as a new species. Future surveys may determine whether it is still present in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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