treatments-xml/data/E7/84/DB/E784DB762473FA7A447B61F239C6D8B9.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.302.4962" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd4faee3-e1b4-4f2a-9eef-4f9e4abb43d4" ID-PMC="PMC3689143" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-302-79" ID-PubMed="23794899" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-302-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 302" ModsDocTitle="Three new species in the genus Wilkinsonellus (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from the Neotropics, and the first host record for the genus" checkinTime="1451247276455" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H. &amp; Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2013" docId="E784DB762473FA7A447B61F239C6D8B9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 302: 79-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 302" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.302.4962" docTitle="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi Arias-Penna &amp; Whitfield, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="F63B6D0D6D74FFD7FFC3C55AFFB2FFB2" masterDocTitle="Three new species in the genus Wilkinsonellus (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from the Neotropics, and the first host record for the genus" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668155857606" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species in the genus Wilkinsonellus (Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from the Neotropics, and the first host record for the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>302</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
<mods:end>95</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.302.4962</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.302.4962</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-302-79</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044276" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D233175-9A75-4850-BB55-E314F705F906" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E784DB762473FA7A447B61F239C6D8B9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D233175-9A75-4850-BB55-E314F705F906" authority="Arias-Penna &amp; Whitfield" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi Arias-Penna &amp; Whitfield</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="83">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–R">A-R</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Type material. Holotype, 1 female, COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Area de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Llanura, lat 10.93332, long -85.25331, 135 m, 17.ix.2009, M. Moraga, 09-SRNP-75793, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039932. Paratypes: 2 males same data as holotype except for collecting dates and voucher codes as follow: 10.x.2009, 09-SRNP-76107, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039933; and 09.x.2009, 09-SRNP-76084, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039931. All specimens deposited in DHJWH temporarily, for later transfer to CNC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="4" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Eyes silver mottled with gray, ocelli silver (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, L). Curvature of pronotum with a deep groove that has semicircular rugae. Scutellar sulcus with five deep, carinated foveae of heterogeneous size (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
). Axillary trough of scutellum (ATS) with several parallel carinae that are close to each other (Figs 1F, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
). Fore wing longer than body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">Holotype female. Body length 4.56 mm, fore wing length 4.87 mm, hind wing length 3.99 mm</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Coloration (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–R">A-R</normalizedToken>
). General body pale yellow, except posterior half of hind coxa with an infuscated ventral band (Fig. 1I). Flagellum, trochanter, trochantellus, apex of both femur and tibia brown, hind tarsi, and tarsal claws of all legs completely brown. Scape and pedicel yellow-brown. Eyes silver mottled with gray, ocelli silver (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, L). Membrane and microtrichiae of both fore and hind wings light brown (Figs 1A, L).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="83">
Head (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
). Scape longer than wide (0.26:0.17 mm); pedicel wider than long (0.12:0.10 mm), first antennal flagellomeres not sub-equal in length (0.30:0.36:0.34 mm). Antennal scrobes deep, smooth, far above middle level of eyes (Fig. 1B), carinated dorsally (Fig. 1C); in frontal view, medial area between antennal scrobes with a sharp, short projection carrot-shaped (Fig. 1B), antennal scrobes in contact with inner eye margin (Fig. 1B). Face with small, sparse and homogeneous punctures, face with a median-longitudinal carina running from antennal scrobes to clypeus, fronto-clypeal suture absent (Fig. 1B). Distance between each anterior tentorial pit and closest inner compound eye margin equal to diameter of a tentorial pit (0.06:0.06 mm); anterior tentorial pits far away from each other (0.30 mm) (Fig. 1B). Mandible with two teeth, inferior tooth thinner, longer than superior. Maxillary palps longer than labial palps (Fig. 1B). Distance between a posterior ocellus and adjacent eye margin sub-equal in length equal to diameter of lateral ocellus (0.10:0.10 mm), distance between lateral ocelli shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus (0.06:0.10 mm) (Fig. 1C). Vertex narrow with small, sparse punctuations, but medially smooth and concave (Fig. 1C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="84">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="84" start="start">Mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
(Fig. 1A, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="L–N">L-N</normalizedToken>
). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex (Figs 1A, D). Pronotum shiny, smooth; curvature of pronotum with a deep groove that has semicircular rugae. Mesopleuron convex, extended, smooth except margins lateral and ventro-lateral that form a L-shaped area that possesses small, homogeneous punctuations (Fig. 1D), mesopleuron with a deep dent just above L-shaped area, dent with elongated foveae bordering the L-shape area, mesosternum slightly flat with distinctive groove of deep, homogeneous foveae. Metepisternum and metepimeron separated by a groove with several deep foveae throughout (Fig. 1D), metepisternum narrower than metepimeron, metepisternum just above hindcoxa outlined by a wide and flat carina, and apical half with several short cariane. Mesoscutum as wide as head with small and homogenous punctures. Notauli clearly impressed, broad, but not reaching the transscutal articulation (Fig. 1E). Scutellar sulcus with five deep, carinated foveae of heterogeneous size (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
). Scutellum shiny, almost smooth with sparse, fine punctures and surrounded by a strong carina (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
). ATS with several parallel carinae which are close to each other (Figs 1E, N). Axillary trough of metanotum (ATM) with a few, incomplete parallel carinae, only present basally (Figs 1E, N). Lunule of scutellum (L) and medioposterior band of scutellum (BS) smooth and shiny. Medioposterior band of metanotum (BM) short and crossed by a carina aligned with the median longitudinal carina of propodeum (Fig. 1F). Medioanteror pit of metano 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="85" start="start">tum</pageBreakToken>
(MPM) hexagonal, and delimited by a strong carina (Fig. 1F). Posterior rim of metanotum (PRM) thin and smooth (Fig. 1F). Propodeum with a complete median-longitudinal carina dividing the propodeum in two halves, plus one divergent carina at each half of propodeum, area between carinae basally shorter than apically, divergent carinae crossed by semicircular carinae (Fig. 1F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Wings (Figs 1A, L). Fore wing with vein r straight (0.30 mm) arising just beyond middle of pterostigma; vein 2RS as long as r (0.30:0.30 mm), but longer than 2M and (RS+M) b veins (0.30:0.15:0.20 mm). Hind wing with vannal lobe reduced, slightly convex; edge with sparse setae throughout. Costal and basal cell infuscate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
Legs (Figs 1A, I, L, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="O–R">O-R</normalizedToken>
). Hind coxa surpassing apex of tergite III (Figs 1A, L, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
), outer dorsal surface of hind coxa delimiting an area surrounded by a strong longitudinal carina running from base to apex, but last third apically the carina turns inward (Fig. 1Q); that area with rugulose punctuations and with an extra strong basal carina inclined and reaching only the first third basally; hind tibia with outer spur half as long as inner spur (0.34:0.66 mm); inner spur more than half as long as hind basitarsus (0.66:0.90 mm) (Fig. 1P); hind tibia and hind tarsi both with spines throughout, hind tarsal claw with a short comb (Fig. 1O).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
Metasoma (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
). Petiole of tergite I narrow (Figs 1H, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
), length 0.56 mm, distinctly constricted at anterior half (minimum width 0.09 mm), but subapically wider (maximum width 0.25 mm) and with a few sculpturations, petiole with a deep groove extending more of two thirds tergite I length; hypopygium not protruding at apex of metasoma (Figs 1A, J); hypopygium plate with truncate apex (Fig. 1J), ovipositor sheath length 0.20 mm, glabrous, slightly protruding apex of metasoma (Fig. 1J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
Males (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–R">K-R</normalizedToken>
). Males differ in coloration from the female: lateral mesonotal lobes pale or dark brown (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
). Tergite II with a brown median area which is longer than wide (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
); tergite III with a brown (Fig. 1Q) or yellow-brown area (Fig. 1R) anteriorly narrower than posteriorly; tergites IV brown but subapically with a thin transversal yellow apical band (Figs 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
). The infuscate areas on hind legs are darker than in females (Fig. 1L). Antennae length = 5.0-5.2 mm, body length = 4.2-4.5 mm. Last antennal segment gradually narrowing at the apex. Tergite I, minimum width = 0.10 mm, maximum width = 0.22 mm, total length = 0.60-0.70 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
Figure 1. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi</taxonomicName>
Arias-Penna &amp; Whitfield, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
female &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–R">K-R</normalizedToken>
male A Habitus 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
Head B Frontal view C Dorsal view 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
Mesosoma D Lateral view E Dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum &amp; propodeum, dorsal view G Last tergites, dorsal view H Petiole &amp; Tergites I-II, dorsal view I Hindcoxa, ventral view J Hypopygium &amp; ovipositor sheaths, lateral view 
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–R">K-R</normalizedToken>
Male: K Genitalia L Habitus 
<normalizedToken originalValue="M–N">M-N</normalizedToken>
Mesonotum, dorsal view O Claw of hind tarsus P Spines of hind tibia 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Q–R">Q-R</normalizedToken>
Metasoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">This species is named in honor of Dr. M. Alex Smith of the University of Guelph, Canada, in recognition of his decade of deep intellectual, laboratory and logistic support for the DNA barcoding of the parasitoid wasps and flies of ACG.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">
The species is only known from the original rain forest collection site, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. In 1999, ACG was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site containing the best-preserved and regenerating dry forest habitats from Central America to northern Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="6" pageNumber="85" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="85">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="86" start="start">Wilkinsonellus</pageBreakToken>
alexsmithi
</taxonomicName>
has been reared from the leaf-roller 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris prolongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolongalis">Microthyris prolongalis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
(Figs 2A, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
) three times, while feeding on the rain forest leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomoea phillomega" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phillomega">Ipomoea phillomega</taxonomicName>
or sweet potatoes 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomoea batatas" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">Ipomoea batatas</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName genus="Convolvulaceae" lsidName="Convolvulaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="genus">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
) (http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso). The larva of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris prolongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolongalis">Microthyris prolongalis</taxonomicName>
lives inside of the leaf roll that it constructs, eating leaf tissue there. It is therefore likely that oviposition takes place through the leaf into the moth larva. The wasp cocoon (Fig. 2B) is lightly silked to the inner wall of the leaf roll and the larva dies at about the time that the wasp larva exits the cadaver.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
Figure 2. A 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris propongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propongalis">Microthyris propongalis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
, 1854) 
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
: Larva (07-SRNP-41608, Photo: DHJ422561) B Silk and wax cocoon of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (09-SRNP-75793, DHJPAR0039932, photo: DHJ476579) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
Adults of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris propongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propongalis">Microthyris propongalis</taxonomicName>
C Dorsal view D Ventral view (06-SRNP-41780 Photos: DHJ349728 &amp; DHJ349729).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="86" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="86">
The last three antennal segments are missing from the holotype. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexsmithi">Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi</taxonomicName>
is a parasitoid of a crambid leaf roller larva, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris prolongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolongalis">Microthyris prolongalis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
). In ACG, this moth larva feeds only on 
<taxonomicName genus="Convolvulaceae" lsidName="Convolvulaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="genus">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
(410 rearing records, 
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Within the subfamily 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
besides 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Wilkinsonellus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilkinsonellus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wilkinsonellus</taxonomicName>
, members of two other genera, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Diolcogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diolcogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diolcogaster</taxonomicName>
, are parasitoids only on this species of moth. The taxonomic range of insect parasitoids that use 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Microthyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microthyris prolongalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolongalis">Microthyris prolongalis</taxonomicName>
as a host entails two insect orders, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
. Within 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
the chalcidoid family 
<taxonomicName family="Encyrtidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
(genus not reported), and two additional subfamilies of 
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orgilinae">Orgilinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Stantonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stantonia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stantonia</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Agathidinae">Agathidinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alabagrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alabagrus maya" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">Alabagrus maya</taxonomicName>
) were reported; for the 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
parasitoids, two genera of 
<taxonomicName family="Tachinidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Actia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Actia</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Argyrophylax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyrophylax" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argyrophylax</taxonomicName>
also parasitize this caterpillar (
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="86">Janzen and Hallwachs 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>