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<document id="879EEB3F8717381BFF4FC326DE077D58" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1759721" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609053" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615923843413" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Bevilaqua, Marcus &amp; Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da" docDate="2020" docId="C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.5-6.321-350.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (5 - 6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1759721" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti , Hincks 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="3839FFF0690D9E1FFFCAFF9A83526814" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the species of Passalus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Passalidae) described by Walter Douglas Hincks (1906 - 1961) deposited in the Museum of the University of Manchester" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="339" updateTime="1698887187464" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5D6EA28BBFA2A787744BC9AE373DE3CA">Redescription of the species of Passalus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Passalidae) described by Walter Douglas Hincks (1906 - 1961) deposited in the Museum of the University of Manchester</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40DEA0A23384F28EC728391B7B70CB7C">Bevilaqua, Marcus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="18C1408B2BBE03B5032D6615F24464C7">Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C1E9A8C4EA951F79EA17C304A6CD92E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0431D893BC67A5F05CB13352B6A77515">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="080B3452005797ED0CCBBB43787F915F">
<mods:date id="7066D910D4C16654D2C4BE58560F7B4D">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="38AF630BFC337927FF6A46F099D42D0C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0A302BA3B6E2E1100096B129D4403F19">2020-07-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B1B0A4949A7F4DEF5F4F0EC553F925AB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="455F8641E96C3CD746DC74A06507972E">54</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5B384C99CBC219C26FBFA34A44ED0B3C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AF72AC46FDB58997FCB44EB5BEF1FDC4">5 - 6</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3FB7EDCDD9CF575DFBC587238ED01FB8">321</mods:start>
<mods:end id="08AAC406DF7C0C7143140714B6A99060">350</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="E66D0FF297FFAE506F1C831912C2CD1B" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2020.1759721</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1CD31F9B7A3A8A47F74DB4EE041226B6" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="538C60CB2CE5A67F17C6ED4F0EC605A8" type="Zenodo-Dep">4609053</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
<subSubSection id="04B36515691E9E0CFEEAF9CA87D66E89" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4C16369E691E9E0CFEEAF9CA87516E7D" blockId="19.[288,1027,1615,1641]" box="[288,1027,1615,1641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
<heading id="175E81F2691E9E0CFEEAF9CA87516E7D" box="[288,1027,1615,1641]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691E9E0CFEEAF9CA80076E7D" authority="Hincks, 1940" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[288,853,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti" subGenus="Passalus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691E9E0CFEEAF9CA80076E7D" bold="true" box="[288,853,1616,1641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691E9E0CFEEAF9CA82DB6E7D" bold="true" box="[288,393,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691E9E0CFE50F9CA81516E7D" bold="true" box="[410,515,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">Passalus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691E9E0CFDD9F9CA81FE6E7D" bold="true" box="[531,684,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">luederwaldti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFD7EF9CA80076E7D" author="Hincks WD" box="[692,853,1616,1641]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="486 - 496" refId="ref13189" refString="Hincks WD. 1940. Preliminary key to the &quot; Petrejus &quot; Section of the Genus Passalus (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 11 (6): 486 - 496. doi: 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723705" type="journal article" year="1940">Hincks, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691E9E0CFCAFF9CA80A96E7D" box="[869,1019,1615,1641]" captionStart-0="Figure 9" captionStart-1="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionStartId-1="21.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId-1="figure-83@21.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." captionText-1="Figure 10. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609083" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4609083/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
Figures 9
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691E9E0CFC1AF9D5808C6E7C" box="[976,990,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">–</emphasis>
10
</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C16369E691E9E0CFF0AF91F87D66E89" blockId="19.[160,1156,1669,1727]" box="[192,1156,1669,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFF0AF91F822C6E89" author="Hincks WD" box="[192,382,1669,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="486 - 496" refId="ref13189" refString="Hincks WD. 1940. Preliminary key to the &quot; Petrejus &quot; Section of the Genus Passalus (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 11 (6): 486 - 496. doi: 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723705" type="journal article" year="1940">Hincks 1940: 495</bibRefCitation>
; Hincks, 1949: 62;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFD82F91F80356E89" author="Hincks WD &amp; Dibb JR" box="[584,871,1669,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref13308" refString="Hincks WD, Dibb JR. 1958. Supplementa. Passalidae. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Berlin: W. Junk, J. Schenkling, es-Gravenhage; p. 1 - 33." type="book chapter" year="1958">Hincks and Dibb 1958: 17</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFCBBF91F87D26E89" author="Reyes-Castillo P" box="[881,1152,1669,1693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 240" refId="ref13746" refString="Reyes-Castillo P. 1970. Coleoptera, Passalidae: morfologia y division en grandes grupos; generos americanos. Folia Entomol Mex. 20 (22): 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="1970">Reyes-Castillo 1970: 204</bibRefCitation>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515691E9E0BFF6AF93D83B46E60" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" type="description">
<paragraph id="4C16369E691E9E0CFF6AF93D87D16EAB" blockId="19.[160,1156,1669,1727]" box="[160,1155,1703,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339">
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFF6AF93D81D66EAB" author="Reyes-Castillo P &amp; Amat-Garcia G" box="[160,644,1703,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref13778" refString="Reyes-Castillo P, Amat-Garcia G. 1991. Notas sobre la taxonomia y distribucion de Passalidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) em Colombia y descripcion de una nueva especie. Caldasia. 16 (79): 501 - 508. Spanish." type="journal article" year="1991">Reyes-Castillo and Amat-Garcia 1991: 504</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F691E9E0CFD59F93D80B06EAB" author="Amat-Garcia G &amp; Vargas EB &amp; Reyes-Castillo P" box="[659,994,1703,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="339" pagination="173 - 181" refId="ref12776" refString="Amat-Garcia G, Vargas EB, Reyes-Castillo P. 2004. Lista de especies de los escarabajos pasalidos (Coleoptera: Passalidae) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana. 5 (2): 173 - 181." type="journal article" year="2004">Amat-García et al. 2004: 177</bibRefCitation>
; Fonseca and
</paragraph>
<caption id="18D6661669199E0BFF6AFA5082F16DEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="340" startId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69199E0BFF6AFA5082F16DEB" blockId="20.[160,1155,1482,1535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69199E0BFF6AFA5083A96DF5" bold="true" box="[160,251,1482,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69199E0BFEC9FA5081E96DF5" authority="Hincks, 1940" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[259,699,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="340" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti" subGenus="Passalus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69199E0BFEC9FA5082016DF5" box="[259,339,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69199E0BFEA8FA5082E06DF5" box="[354,434,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">Passalus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69199E0BFE0AFA5081646DF5" box="[448,566,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">luederwaldti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69199E0BFDF4FA5081E96DF5" author="Hincks WD" box="[574,699,1482,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340" pagination="486 - 496" refId="ref13189" refString="Hincks WD. 1940. Preliminary key to the &quot; Petrejus &quot; Section of the Genus Passalus (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 11 (6): 486 - 496. doi: 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723705" type="journal article" year="1940">Hincks, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4C16369E69199E0BFF6AF9A383B46E60" blockId="20.[160,1156,1593,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340">
Reyes-Castillo, 2004: 7;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69199E0BFE7BF9A380EB6E45" author="Jimenez-Ferbans L &amp; Reyes-Castillo P" box="[433,953,1593,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340" pagination="124 - 144" refId="ref13396" refString="Jimenez-Ferbans L, Reyes-Castillo P. 2014. Description, phylogeny and biogeography of Ameripassalus, a new Mesoamerican genus of Passalidae (Coleoptera). Invertebr Syst. 28: 124 - 144. doi: 10.1071 / IS 13009" type="journal article" year="2014">Jiménez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castillo 2014: 36</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69199E0BFC02F9A387D36E45" author="Miles C" box="[968,1153,1593,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="340" pagination="109 - 126" refId="ref13705" refString="Miles C. 2017. The Passalidae collection of the Manchester Museum, UK, with a complete type catalogue. Russ Entomol J. 26 (2): 109 - 126. doi: 10.15298 / rusentj. 26.2.03" type="journal article" year="2017">Miles 2017: 120</bibRefCitation>
, fig 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="18D6661669189E0AFF6AFAAB80BE6D72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4609083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609083/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="341" startId="21.[160,225,1329,1352]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69189E0AFF6AFAAB80BE6D72" blockId="21.[160,1155,1328,1382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69189E0AFF6AFAAB82546D5C" bold="true" box="[160,262,1329,1352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69189E0AFEC6FAAA81EE6D5C" authority="Hincks, 1940" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[268,700,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti" subGenus="Passalus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69189E0AFEC6FAAA820E6D53" box="[268,348,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">Passalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69189E0AFEA3FAAA82EB6D53" box="[361,441,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">Passalus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69189E0AFE0FFAAA81696D53" box="[453,571,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">luederwaldti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69189E0AFD8BFAAB81EE6D5C" author="Hincks WD" box="[577,700,1329,1352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="341" pagination="486 - 496" refId="ref13189" refString="Hincks WD. 1940. Preliminary key to the &quot; Petrejus &quot; Section of the Genus Passalus (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Ann Mag Nat Hist. 11 (6): 486 - 496. doi: 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723705" type="journal article" year="1940">Hincks, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="04B3651569189E0AFF6AFA2981FB6E89" pageId="21" pageNumber="341" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69189E0AFF6AFA2981FB6E89" blockId="21.[160,1155,1459,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69189E0AFF6AFA2982486DD9" bold="true" box="[160,282,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="341">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Large size species; convex body; straight anterior edge of the front; transversal mediofrontal area with rough or shagreened surface; long central tubercle with free apex slightly downward projecting to the front edge; small eyes; mentum with smooth mediobasal area; broad pronotum with rounded contour and few punctuations; prepimerum and humeri poorly pubescent; metasternal disc poorly delimited with group of coarse punctures located in posterior region; aedeagus longer than wide, with basal piece separated from the parameres in ventral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515691B9E08FF6AFF1781DC6BD0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="22" pageNumber="342" type="description">
<paragraph id="4C16369E691B9E08FF6AFF17803969A8" blockId="22.[160,1156,141,1727]" lastBlockId="23.[160,1155,141,444]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="343" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFF17821468B3" bold="true" box="[160,326,141,167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Redescription.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE9CFF1582C168B3" bold="true" box="[342,403,143,167]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FE6DFF15815A68B3" box="[423,520,143,167]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figure 9</figureCitation>
):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FDEAFF14812368B3" box="[544,625,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">habitus</emphasis>
: convex;
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD29FF14805868B3" box="[739,778,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">size</emphasis>
: big (&lt;
<quantity id="8B519B7B691B9E09FCAAFF1580E468B3" box="[864,950,143,167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in length).
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FB8FFF1587D168B3" bold="true" box="[1093,1155,143,167]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FF6DFF28824068DE" box="[167,274,178,202]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-83@21.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609083/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(a,c)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE9CFF2B82F868DE" box="[342,426,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Labrum</emphasis>
: anterior border concave.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD12FF2B807968DE" box="[728,811,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Clypeus</emphasis>
: hidden under the frons; with anterior angles under the lateral + mediofrontal tubercles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCF2FF49874968F8" box="[824,1051,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Anterior frontal edge</emphasis>
: straight, with a notch in the median region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FDE3FF6C80C0691B" box="[553,914,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Secondary mediofrontal tubercles</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC3CFF6C87D1691B" box="[1014,1155,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Laterofrontal</emphasis>
+
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF7CFE8382FB6926" box="[182,425,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">mediofrontal tubercles</emphasis>
: conspicuous, with slightly obtuse apexes and projected forward.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFEA182356940" box="[160,359,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mediofrontal area</emphasis>
: transverse, 3.7x wider than long, flat; wrikled surface, with denser wrinkles in the anterior area.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE2AFEC481DE6963" box="[480,652,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Cephalic nodule</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD25FEC480DE6963" box="[751,908,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Inner tubercles</emphasis>
: small, inconspicuous, not detached from the posterofrontal ridges, smaller than the laterofrontal + mediofrontal tubercles, located midway between them at the base of the central tubercle.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC38FE3983B369CB" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Anterofrontal ridges</emphasis>
: straight, smaller, and weaker than the posterofrontal ridges, almost inconspicuous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFE7382D66A16" box="[160,388,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Posterofrontal ridges</emphasis>
: low, strong, and practically transversal to the base of the central tubercle, where they begin.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE3AFD9181916A30" box="[496,707,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Laterofrontal areas</emphasis>
: slightly concave; with rough surface.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFDB4821D6A53" box="[160,335,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Central tubercle</emphasis>
: conical, large, high, with broadly free apex and dilated back with an inconspicuous groove; reaching beyond the anterior frontal edge, slightly downward.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFDE982E36A98" box="[160,433,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Lateroposterior tubercles</emphasis>
: conspicuous, close to the central tubercle, with a coniform shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF25FD0C82CF6ABB" box="[239,413,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Postfrontal area</emphasis>
: flat, smooth surface.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD5EFD0C800E6ABB" box="[660,860,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Postfrontal groove</emphasis>
: well marked and without notch.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF39FD2382A76AC6" box="[243,501,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Lateropostfrontal areas</emphasis>
: poorly shallow and glabrous surface, with two strong diagonal ridges dividing the areas.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FDFCFD4181A56AE0" box="[566,759,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Epicranial sutures</emphasis>
: well marked.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC6BFD4187696AE0" box="[929,1083,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Epicranial pits</emphasis>
: deep and very visible.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FEAAFD6481DC6B03" box="[352,654,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Anterior angles of the head</emphasis>
: small, with obtuse apices, smaller than the laterofrontal + mediofrontal tubercles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD90FCBB80526B2E" box="[602,768,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Canthus ocular</emphasis>
: apex straight or slightly rounded not reaching half eye.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE56FCD981506B48" box="[412,514,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Antennas</emphasis>
: trilamellate, with robust lamellae, the distal being wider than the other two.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE5EFCFD81726B6B" bold="true" box="[404,544,871,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mouthparts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FDF9FCFD81CD6B6B" box="[563,671,871,895]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(b), 10(b)):
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691B9E09FCD5FCFC80336B6B" box="[799,865,870,895]" class="Cestoda" family="Diphyllobothriidae" genus="Ligula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diphyllobothriidea" pageId="22" pageNumber="342" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCD5FCFC80336B6B" box="[799,865,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Ligula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: tridentate with a larger middle tooth and wider than the lateral teeth, which are almost inconspicuous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFC31822C6BD0" box="[160,382,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Hypostomal process</emphasis>
: wide, glabrous, and separated the mentum.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC55FC3183826BF3" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mentum mediobasal area</emphasis>
: not dilated, smooth and glabrous, with non-protruding anterior region, notched in the middle.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FEEEFC6B81556C1E" box="[292,519,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mentum lateral lobes</emphasis>
: rounded apexes.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD1BFC6B80E06C1E" box="[721,946,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mentum lateral scars</emphasis>
: shallow, rounded, and large.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FED4FB8982DF6C38" box="[286,397,1043,1068]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mandibles</emphasis>
: incisor lobe with three well-formed teeth at apex; suprainternal teeth bifid and robust in left mandible; incospical infrabasal pits.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCA5FBAC80EC6C5B" box="[879,958,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Maxilla</emphasis>
: lacinia bidentate at the apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FEEDFBC082CD6C66" bold="true" box="[295,415,1114,1138]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Prothorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FDEDFBC081DE6C66" box="[551,652,1114,1138]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(a,c), 10(a
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD3EFBC080536C66" box="[756,769,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">–</emphasis>
c)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCE2FBC380EA6C66" box="[808,952,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Anterior edge</emphasis>
: straight medially.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFBE182106C80" box="[160,322,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Anterior angles</emphasis>
: obtuse.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE6CFBE1810A6C80" box="[422,600,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Marginal groove</emphasis>
: well-marked, shallow, and narrow in all its length, with few punctures only at the apex, which is not dilated; reaching almost two-thirds of the pronotal width in the anterior margin.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD63FB5B80166CCE" box="[681,836,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Lateral fossae</emphasis>
: large, poorly marked and shallow; slightly oval-shape.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE3DFB7981A26CE8" box="[503,752,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Pronotal punctuations</emphasis>
: absent, except for the marginal groove. Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FE44FA9D82A46D0B" box="[398,502,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(b), 10(d)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FDA4FA9C81AF6D0B" box="[622,765,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Prepisternum</emphasis>
: not dilated in the anterior region; fine pubescence throughout the lateroposterior region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCB5FAB387516D56" box="[895,1027,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Prepimerum</emphasis>
glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFAD1827D6D70" box="[160,303,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Prosternelum</emphasis>
: rhomboid with truncated apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD51FAD6806C6D70" bold="true" box="[667,830,1356,1380]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mesosternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FC86FAD680E16D70" box="[844,947,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(b), 10(d)): smooth, shiny, and glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE4DFAF481176D93" box="[391,581,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Mesosternal scars</emphasis>
: long, narrow and shallow like a matt area; without punctuations or pubescence.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE3DFA0881C56DBE" bold="true" box="[503,663,1426,1450]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Metasternum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FD63FA0880476DBE" box="[681,789,1426,1450]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(b), 10(e)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC5BFA0B87176DBE" box="[913,1093,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Metasternal disc</emphasis>
: well delimited by punctuations, but without lateral carina.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD35FA2987466DD8" box="[767,1044,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Metasternal punctuations</emphasis>
: group of large punctuations in the lateroposterior region.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FCC0FA4C87486DFB" box="[778,1050,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Metasternal pubescence</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AFA6382936E06" box="[160,449,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Metasternal lateral groove</emphasis>
: narrow, thinner than mesotibiae, deep, without punctures or bristles.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF35F98682176E20" bold="true" box="[255,325,1564,1588]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Elytra</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FE9FF98682E16E20" box="[341,435,1564,1588]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(a)): Approximately 2.1x longer and 1.1x wider than pronotum.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AF9A4838F6E43" box="[160,221,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Striae</emphasis>
: narrower than the interstriae, marked with round and inconspicuous punctuations on the dorsal striae and well defined in lateral striae.
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691B9E09FD2FF9FB80186E6E" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[741,842,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Uraniidae" genus="Epipleura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FD2FF9FB80186E6E" box="[741,842,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Epipleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FC08F9FB87436E6E" box="[962,1041,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Humeri</emphasis>
: glabrous.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FF6AF91E83856E88" bold="true" box="[160,215,1668,1692]" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691B9E09FF22F91E82036E88" box="[232,337,1668,1692]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Figures 9</figureCitation>
(a,b), 10(e)):
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691B9E09FE15F91981116E88" box="[479,579,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="342">Profemur</emphasis>
: ventral anterior border with well-marked groove, reaching the apex of the profemur; ventral posterior border with few setae only near the apex.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FF2CFF17821468B2" box="[230,326,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Protibiae</emphasis>
: not dilated.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FE2CFF17810968B2" box="[486,603,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Mesotibiae</emphasis>
: two small spines, almost inconspícuos, on the outer face.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FED6FF2A82C268DD" box="[284,400,176,201]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Metatibiae</emphasis>
: without spine.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FD8BFF2B81E468DD" bold="true" box="[577,694,177,201]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691A9E08FD0EFF2B807268DD" box="[708,800,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1482,1505]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[163,1153,142,1451]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) habitus dorsal; (b) habitus ventral; (c) habitus lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609079/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Figure 9</figureCitation>
(b)): sternite VII with incomplete and poorly marked groove; rough sides.
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FDAFFF4E818968F8" bold="true" box="[613,731,212,236]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D4922A1B691A9E08FD23FF4E800668F8" box="[745,852,212,236]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,1329,1352]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-83@21.[163,1153,142,1298]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Passalus (Passalus) luederwaldti Hincks, 1940 male holotype: (a) head; (b) mentum; (c) head and pronotum in dorsolateral view; (d) mesosternum; (e) metasternum; (f) aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4609083/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(f)): In ventral view mediam lobe with smaller width than the parameres and the basal piece together and almost as long as these; with two sclerotised plaques on the lateral margin. Basal piece and parameres separate; parameres projections not reaching one-fourth of the length of the mediam lobe; arched anterior edege of the parameres, with a groove separating them medially; basal piece with re-enactment at anterior region. In side view, slightly rounded apex of the parameres. In dorsal view with separate parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C16369E691A9E08FF6AFE7D81DC6BD0" blockId="23.[160,1156,487,964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FF6AFE7D827D6A15" bold="true" box="[160,303,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Dimensions.</emphasis>
Total length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE17FE7381606A15" box="[477,562,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
; cephalic length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FCC8FE73800C6A15" box="[770,862,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; cephalic width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FBEFFE7387D26A15" box="[1061,1152,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
; mediofrontal area length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE1FFD9681636A30" box="[469,561,524,548]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
; mediofrontal area width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FCA7FD9680986A30" box="[877,970,524,548]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; canthus ocular length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF3DFDB482026A52" box="[247,336,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; canthus ocular width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FD90FDB481E16A52" box="[602,691,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; area of the mediofrontal area:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FBD7FDB487216A52" box="[1053,1139,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="BBDC9BD6691A9E08FBB9FDB3872F6A2D" attach="left" box="[1139,1149,553,569]" fontSize="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">2</superScript>
; mandibles external angle: 144º; antennal club length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FCEFFDCB80D36A7D" box="[805,897,593,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; antennal club width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF6AFDEE83AE6A98" box="[160,252,628,652]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
; distal lamella length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FDC0FDEE81346A98" box="[522,614,628,652]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
; medial lamella length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FC4EFDEE80B26A98" box="[900,992,628,652]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; width of the mentum at the lateral scars:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE29FD0C81696ABA" box="[483,571,662,686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; mentum mediobasal area width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FC76FD0C87466ABA" box="[956,1044,662,686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
; diameter of the mentum lateral scars:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE29FD2381696AC5" box="[483,571,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; pronotal length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FCC9FD2380096AC5" box="[771,859,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
; pronotal width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FBD1FD2387D26AC5" box="[1051,1152,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
; length of the pronotal anterior groove:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FDA6FD4681946AE0" box="[620,710,732,756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
; elytral length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FCB0FD4680B36AE0" box="[890,993,732,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
; elytral width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF6AFD6482566B02" box="[160,260,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
; humeral width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE77FD6481416B02" box="[445,531,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
; profemur length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FD2AFD6480656B02" box="[736,823,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
; length of the anterior ventral groove of the profemur:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE65FCBB81566B2D" box="[431,516,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
; protibiae width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FD09FCBB804A6B2D" box="[707,792,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
; protarsal length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FC16FCBB87606B2D" box="[988,1074,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
; length of the last protarsomer:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FE74FCDE814B6B48" box="[446,537,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
; mesotibiae width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FD34FCDE80146B48" box="[766,838,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; metasternal lateral groove width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF3BFCFC82196B6A" box="[241,331,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; metasternal disc length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FDBDFCFC81806B6A" box="[631,722,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
; abdomen length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FC65FCFC87586B6A" box="[943,1034,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
; aedeagus length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF3FFC1382196BB5" box="[245,331,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
; aedeagus width:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FDD9FC1381046BB5" box="[531,598,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; median lobe length:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FC8DFC1380D86BB5" box="[839,906,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; paremeres projection lenght:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FF3CFC36821F6BD0" box="[246,333,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
; basal piece lenght:
<quantity id="8B519B7B691A9E08FDF9FC3681D86BD0" box="[563,650,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515691A9E08FF6AFC6A82396C65" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C16369E691A9E08FF6AFC6A82396C65" blockId="23.[160,1155,1008,1137]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FF6AFC6A81096C1E" bold="true" box="[160,603,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Material examined: type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FCC13CC3691A9E08FDA0FC6880BA6C5B" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" location="Muzo" municipality="Type" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9312883C691A9E08FDA0FC6881836C1E" box="[618,721,1010,1034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="5AAFFD17691A9E08FD24FC6B80506C1D" box="[750,770,1009,1033]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) F2439.23.
<collectingCountry id="34BE760E691A9E08FC57FC6887496C1E" box="[925,1051,1010,1034]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="49766045691A9E08FBF9FC6887216C1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FBF9FC6887216C1E" box="[1075,1139,1010,1034]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Muzo" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Muzo</location>
//
<location id="49766045691A9E08FF6AFB8E825F6C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FF6AFB8E825F6C38" box="[160,269,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Columbia" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Columbia</location>
//
<location id="49766045691A9E08FED6FB8E82986C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FED6FB8E82986C38" box="[284,458,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Ex Staudinger" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Ex Staudinger</location>
&amp;/
<location id="49766045691A9E08FE30FB8E81D76C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FE30FB8E81D76C38" box="[506,645,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Bang Haas" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Bang Haas</location>
,
<location id="49766045691A9E08FD6AFB8E80536C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FD6AFB8E80536C38" box="[672,769,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Dresden" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Dresden</location>
//Mus. Hincks/and
<location id="49766045691A9E08FC38FB8E877A6C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FC38FB8E877A6C38" box="[1010,1064,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Dibb" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Dibb</location>
//
<location id="49766045691A9E08FBF2FB8E87266C38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FBF2FB8E87266C38" box="[1080,1140,1044,1068]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Type" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Type</location>
//
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FF6AFBAD825A6C5B" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" box="[160,264,1079,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Passalus</taxonomicName>
/(Petrejus)/luederwaldti/
<location id="49766045691A9E08FDD9FBAD81336C5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4008788691E9E07FEEAF9CA819C6ABA:49766045691A9E08FDD9FBAD81336C5B" box="[531,609,1079,1103]" country="Colombia" county="Manchester Museum" municipality="Type" name="Hincks" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Hincks</location>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="AC72ACE4691A9E08FDA3FBAD81F16C5B" box="[617,675,1079,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Type</collectingMunicipality>
//[illeg.]//
<collectingCounty id="A5774E12691A9E08FD30FBAD80BA6C5B" box="[762,1000,1079,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Manchester Museum</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="FCC13CC3691A9E08FC25FBAD82356C65" collectionCode="MMUE" country="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9312883C691A9E08FC25FBAD87276C5B" box="[1007,1141,1079,1103]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
// F2439.23 (
<collectionCode id="2AB8AE5B691A9E08FED8FBC382336C65" box="[274,353,1113,1137]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/he6q-xsyw" name="Museum of Manchester University" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">MMUE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B36515691A9E07FF6AFB0783BB6A7D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4C16369E691A9E07FF6AFB07825169A8" blockId="23.[160,1156,1181,1727]" lastBlockId="24.[160,1156,141,617]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FF6AFB07825E6CA3" bold="true" box="[160,268,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the description of
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FDD1FB0480316CA3" authority=", Hincks" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[539,867,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FDD1FB04805A6CA3" box="[539,776,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Passalus luederwaldti</emphasis>
, Hincks
</taxonomicName>
does not any comment comparing this species with other; however, in one of the labels attached to the
<typeStatus id="9312883C691A9E08FBD3FB5887D26CCE" box="[1049,1152,1218,1242]" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, there is a mention of comparing the species to
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FD63FB7E80906CE9" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[681,962,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittarius">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FD63FB7E80296CE9" box="[681,891,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">Passalus sagittarius</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FC32FB7E83E76D0B" authority="Zang. In" authorityName="Zang. In" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FC32FB7E876D6CE9" box="[1016,1087,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. inca</emphasis>
Zang. In
</taxonomicName>
addition, other species very similar to
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FDB8FA9C80416D0B" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[626,787,1286,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FDB8FA9C80416D0B" box="[626,787,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. luederwaldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FC8DFA9C820C6D56" authority="Reyes-Castillo and Amat-Garcia" authorityName="Reyes-Castillo and Amat-Garcia" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chingaensis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FC8DFA9C80B36D0B" box="[839,993,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. chingaensis</emphasis>
Reyes-Castillo and Amat-Garcia
</taxonomicName>
and P.
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FE7DFAB3803D6D56" authority="Jimenez-Ferbans et al. All" box="[439,879,1321,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FE7DFAB381166D56" box="[439,580,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">brachypterus</emphasis>
Jiménez-Ferbans et al. All
</taxonomicName>
species mentioned present straight anterior frontal edge with a small notch in the middle, mediofronal area wider that long, with wrinkled or shagreened surface, long central tubercle with very free apex reaching the anterior frontal edge, broad pronotum with few punctuations, reduced wings and metasternal disc with punctuations in the lateroposterior region. Of the five species, the one that most differs from the others is
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FD17FA4C80706DFB" box="[733,802,1494,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FD17FA4C80706DFB" box="[733,802,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since it has the broader central tubercle and possesses fairly pubescent prepisternum in the lateroposterior region, as well as the humeri. Based on the descriptions and drawings contained therein,
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FF6AF9A482116E43" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[160,323,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FF6AF9A482116E43" box="[160,323,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. luederwaldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FDDEF9A4801E6E43" box="[532,844,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FDDEF9A481F16E43" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[532,675,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittarius">P. sagittarius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FD7BF9A4801E6E43" box="[689,844,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chingaensis">P. chingaensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FC43F9A487616E43" box="[905,1075,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FC43F9A487616E43" box="[905,1075,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. brachypterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species can be differentiated mainly by the size of the central tubercle and by the size and position of the lateroposterior tubercles.
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FD40F91E80626E89" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[650,816,1668,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FD40F91E80626E89" box="[650,816,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. luederwaldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FCBFF91E87706E89" box="[885,1058,1668,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FCBFF91E87706E89" box="[885,1058,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. brachypterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present a central tubercle slightly beyond the anterior frontal edge, while
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D691A9E08FC71F93C871E6EAB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[955,1100,1702,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittarius">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C691A9E08FC71F93C871E6EAB" box="[955,1100,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="343">P. sagittarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FF6AFF17826968B2" box="[160,315,141,166]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chingaensis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FF6AFF17826968B2" box="[160,315,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. chingaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present central tubercle fairly beyond the anterior frontal edge, besides
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FF6AFF2A821768DD" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[160,325,176,201]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FF6AFF2A821768DD" box="[160,325,176,201]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. luederwaldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents lateroposterior tubercles conspicuous, located close and just ahead of the posterior region of the central tubercle, while in
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FC42FF49874568F8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[904,1047,211,236]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittarius">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FC42FF49874568F8" box="[904,1047,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. sagittarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are obsolete, in
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FEE5FF6F8298691A" box="[303,458,245,270]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chingaensis">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FEE5FF6F8298691A" box="[303,458,245,270]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. chingaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are small and located near the posterior region of the central tubercle, and in
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FE65FE8281056925" box="[431,599,280,305]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FE65FE8281056925" box="[431,599,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. brachypterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are large longitudinally. Additionally, in the description of
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FE8FFEA180886940" authority=", Jimenez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castillo (2014)" authorityName=", Jimenez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[325,986,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FE8FFEA182BF6940" box="[325,493,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. brachypterus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="28384B6F69159E07FE30FEA680886940" author="Jimenez-Ferbans L &amp; Reyes-Castillo P" box="[506,986,316,340]" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" pagination="124 - 144" refId="ref13396" refString="Jimenez-Ferbans L, Reyes-Castillo P. 2014. Description, phylogeny and biogeography of Ameripassalus, a new Mesoamerican genus of Passalidae (Coleoptera). Invertebr Syst. 28: 124 - 144. doi: 10.1071 / IS 13009" type="journal article" year="2014">Jiménez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castillo (2014)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
comment that this species still differs from
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FE2DFEC781DB6962" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[487,649,349,374]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FE2DFEC781DB6962" box="[487,649,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. luederwaldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presents a larger size, smooth and shiny mediofrontal area and by the absence of a groove in the posterior region of the central tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C16369E69159E07FF0AFE5C83BB6A7D" blockId="24.[160,1156,141,617]" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">
If such differential characters are treated as weak or variable within this species group, maybe possibly both
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FE5FFE72818C6A15" box="[405,734,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FE5FFE72816B6A15" authorityName=", Hincks" authorityYear="1940" box="[405,569,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luederwaldti">P. luederwaldti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FD8EFE72818C6A15" box="[580,734,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chingaensis">P. chingaensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FCD3FE7280936A15" authorityName=", Jimenez-Ferbans and Reyes-Castillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[793,961,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachypterus">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FCD3FE7280936A15" box="[793,961,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. brachypterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="8BA94D1D69159E07FF6AFD91827E6A30" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[160,300,523,548]" class="Insecta" family="Passallidae" genus="Passalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sagittarius">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FF6AFD91827E6A30" box="[160,300,523,548]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">P. sagittarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however it would be necessary to analyse the
<typeStatus id="9312883C69159E07FC8EFD9680246A30" box="[836,886,524,548]" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">type</typeStatus>
and additional material from all species to support such decision. For now, we prefer to maintain a valid species status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="04B3651569159E07FF6AFD0F819C6ABA" box="[160,718,661,687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="344" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C16369E69159E07FF6AFD0F819C6ABA" blockId="24.[160,718,661,687]" box="[160,718,661,687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">
<emphasis id="7EDDEA8C69159E07FF6AFD0F82616ABB" bold="true" box="[160,307,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="34BE760E69159E07FE89FD0C82FD6ABA" box="[323,431,662,686]" name="Colombia" pageId="24" pageNumber="344">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Muzo and Villavicencio).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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