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<document id="C31A35FF67C4099D72309FB6FF35921D" ID-CLB-Dataset="294589" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-21-1-2018" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fabe3bc-96eb-438c-a90d-9b477804cacc" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965438" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712926336012" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max & Neumann, Christian" docDate="2018" docId="0B3887D0FFCEED177A31AE88FD3C461F" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.21.1.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 21 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-1-2018" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.1:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Neodendrina carnelia Wisshak & Neumann 2018, isp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="F701FFA8FFCCED127902AE38FFAE4130" masterDocTitle="Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1713877408360" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3457D65C582B0CA6E184FA8A6EEC844C">Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B4714185DB8AA0D63B4186164966C6F4">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C41B0FAD8056C3C4D204706A0A77FDD">Neumann, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4F0D9AC3D9493169B778C273321ED818">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="845A5984D942C67841012ED57393EFFC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE498FABE422F2C58B847D566F9C2C63">2018-01-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0B3887D0FFCEED177A31AE88FD3C461F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11047605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11047605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0B3887D0FFCEED177A31AE88FD3C461F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B3887D0FFCEED177A31AE88FD3C461F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFCEED107A31AE88FBCA41F7" box="[819,1124,176,200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED107A31AE88FBCA41F7" blockId="2.[819,1124,176,231]" box="[819,1124,176,200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D86681AAFFCEED107A31AE88FBCA41F7" box="[819,1124,176,200]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCEED107A31AE88FBB041F8" authority="Wisshak & Neumann, 2018" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[819,1054,176,200]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="carnelia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107A31AE88FBB041F8" box="[819,1054,176,200]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neodendrina carnelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAD657AFFFCEED107D26AE88FBCA41F7" box="[1060,1124,176,199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">isp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFCEED107A31AEE8FC3841D7" box="[819,918,208,231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED107A31AEE8FC3841D7" blockId="2.[819,1124,176,231]" box="[819,918,208,231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107A31AEE8FC3841D7" box="[819,918,208,231]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionStartId-1="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionStartId-2="5.[124,191,840,862]" captionTargetBox-0="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1435,177,808]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@5.[150,1435,177,808]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." captionText-1="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." captionText-2="Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the outer surface of a large recent Tridacna squamosa valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671). (a) Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces. (b) Close-up of a cluster of N. carnelia. (c) A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965449" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10965449/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFCEED107A31AF37FC144097" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED107A31AF37FC144097" blockId="2.[819,1462,271,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107A31AF37FC004017" bold="true" box="[819,942,271,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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: From Latin
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<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCEED107D6AAF28FB6F4018" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[1128,1217,272,296]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="carnelia">
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<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107D6AAF28FB6F4018" box="[1128,1217,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">carnelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meaning carnelian, red-coloured variety of chalcedony. Referring to “Diving Carnelia”, a former scuba dive centre situated in the direct vicinity of the
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<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFCEED107ACDAF48FC5340B7" box="[975,1021,368,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
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locality, and secondarily referring also to the
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<collectingRegion id="4155F824FFCEED107A59AFA8FC184097" box="[859,950,400,423]" country="Egypt" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFCEED107A31AFF6FB9043B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED107A31AFF6FB9043B6" blockId="2.[819,1462,462,646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107A31AFF6FC0E40D6" bold="true" box="[819,928,462,486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Radial rosette nearly circular in outline, ramifying in a strictly dichotomous fashion. Roofless canals with slight swellings but relatively constant in width; terminations rounded. Particularly near the centre of the trace, canals may be very shallow or discontinuous and then appear as a series of pits.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFCEED177A31AC95FD444780" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED107A31AC95FB9444D2" blockId="2.[819,1463,685,1921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107A31AC95FC1843F5" bold="true" box="[819,950,685,709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
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: The prostrate circular to oval rosette of the dendrinid microboring is radiating from its centre in a strictly dichotomous pattern, forming open canals of relatively constant width (within a trace and among traces) and featuring rounded terminations (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107DF6AD16FAC84275" box="[1268,1382,814,837]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2c–e</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107C76AD16FA044275" box="[1396,1450,814,837]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3a–c</figureCitation>
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). From the roughly orthogonal individual points of bifurcation, the canals make a slight turn in direction of the radial expansion of the trace, resulting in an acute angle between two neighbouring branches (
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107D6CAD95FB7542F4" box="[1134,1243,941,964]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3a–d</figureCitation>
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). Particularly in the centre of the trace, the canals may be either very shallow (at same width than the deeper ones) or even discontinuous, i.e. no bioerosion having taken place at these points (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107A31AA15FC074574" box="[819,937,1069,1092]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2c–e</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107ABBAA15FBA54574" box="[953,1035,1069,1092]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3h, i, j</figureCitation>
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). In the latter case, the trace appears as an array of short grooves or pits, whereas confined and shallow pits may also be found situated within the shallow canals (
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|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107A8AAAB5FC754594" box="[904,987,1165,1188]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3h</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The presence and degree of these different morphological expressions varies markedly between different specimens, the by far most common morphology being the deep and continuous canals. The surface texture is smooth (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107A91AB34FB854413" box="[915,1067,1292,1315]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3e and k</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The substrate surface in the direct vicinity of the canals may either be a bit different in colour (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107A39AB74FC3E4453" box="[827,912,1356,1379]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) or morphologically slightly elevated (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107C56AB74FA044453" box="[1364,1450,1356,1379]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[124,191,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,177,808]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[150,1435,177,808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the outer surface of a large recent Tridacna squamosa valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671). (a) Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces. (b) Close-up of a cluster of N. carnelia. (c) A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965449/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Several traces on the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCEED107D1FAB53FBD344B3" authorityName="Bruguiere" authorityYear="1797" box="[1053,1149,1387,1411]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107D1FAB53FBD344B3" box="[1053,1149,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tridacna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
shell that bears the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFCEED107C5BAB54FA1844B3" box="[1369,1462,1388,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
contain authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the surrounding shell surface (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFCEED107AC5ABF3FB8044D2" box="[967,1070,1483,1506]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3f–g</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCEED177A4CABD3FD1344A1" blockId="2.[819,1463,685,1921]" lastBlockId="5.[124,767,1018,1425]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
|||
|
|
Morphometrical measurements obtained from 55 complete specimens on a single
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCEED107D6CA833FB604713" authorityName="Bruguiere" authorityYear="1797" box="[1134,1230,1547,1571]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107D6CA833FB604713" box="[1134,1230,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tridacna</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
host shell, including the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFCEED107A63A813FC104772" box="[865,958,1579,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
and comprising a range of initial traces to late ichnogenetic stages, show a maximum diameter of the rosette-shaped trace ranging from 1025 to 3770 µm, with a mean of 1931 ± 651 µm (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107DADA8B2FB134792" box="[1199,1213,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 55), and individual galleries of relatively constant width ranging from 59 to 153 µm, with a mean of 100 ± 16 µm (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107DD8A8F2FB4647D2" box="[1242,1256,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 275). The angle of the dichotomous bifurcations ranges from 43 to 141
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFCEED107CA8A8D3FA1A47C7" attach="left" box="[1450,1460,1771,1783]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">◦</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
with a mean of 90 ± 15
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFCEED107D30A933FB924627" attach="left" box="[1074,1084,1803,1815]" fontSize="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">◦</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107D4DA932FBF34612" box="[1103,1117,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 246) at the branching points. One to six orders of bifurcations were observed (mean = 3 ± 1;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107A7DA972FC234652" box="[895,909,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 55), leading to a number of peripheral gallery terminations ranging from 4 to 43 (mean = 13 ± 7;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCEED107C5BA951FAC946B1" box="[1369,1383,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 55).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED17797EADC2FDEB4522" bold="true" box="[124,581,1018,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="33F93C9BFFC9ED177B60ADC3FD524542" collectionCode="MB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MB.W 5640" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFC9ED177BA0ADC3FD514522" box="[674,767,1019,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFC9ED177986AA23FF514502" box="[132,255,1051,1074]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2b–e</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFC9ED177810AA23FEE84502" box="[274,326,1051,1074]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-11@4.[132,1455,257,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3a–c</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) is preserved on a piece cut from a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED17797EAA03FE4C4562" authority="(Roding, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Roding" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[124,482,1083,1107]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED17797EAA03FE994563" box="[124,311,1083,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tridacna maxima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E7004B37FFC9ED177844AA03FE744562" author="Roding, P. F." box="[326,474,1083,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6000" refString="Roding, P. F.: Museum Boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia, Trapp, Hamburg, 199 pp., 1798." type="book" year="1798">Röding, 1798</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
shell, and is housed at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany (
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="D3379EBDFFC9ED177B66AA63FD5A4542" box="[612,756,1115,1138]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MB.W 5640</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. All other specimens preserved on the same slab are defined as
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFC9ED17799BAAA3FF514582" box="[153,255,1179,1202]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFC9ED17780FAAA3FEF24582" box="[269,348,1179,1202]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The type locality is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="44699B23FFC9ED177B40AAA3FD2D4582" box="[578,643,1179,1202]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
south of El Quseir, between Ras Abu Aweid and Mersa Um Gheig, just south of the former
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED177866AAE2FDF345C1" authority="Beach Resort" authorityName="Beach Resort" box="[356,605,1242,1265]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="carnelia">Carnelia Beach Resort</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(25
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED177B8FAAE3FD3945D7" attach="none" box="[653,663,1243,1255]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">◦</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
54
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED177BB1AAE3FD1645D7" attach="none" box="[691,696,1243,1255]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Į</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
13
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED177BD6AAE3FD7145D7" attach="left" box="[724,735,1243,1255]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ĮĮ</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
N, 34
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED177995AAC3FF0F4437" attach="none" box="[151,161,1275,1287]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">◦</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
24
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED1779BFAAC3FF6C4437" attach="none" box="[189,194,1275,1287]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Į</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
45
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="74E49B8EFFC9ED1779DCAAC3FF474437" attach="left" box="[222,233,1275,1287]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ĮĮ</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
E). The type shell bed is highly time averaged, and hence the exact age remains unresolved, either from the reefal limestones of the Samadai Formation, Pleistocene, or from a late Pleistocene to early Holocene archaeological shell midden, or (least likely) from the recent reef top.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="D7EE664EFFCFED11797EA894FCE54607" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" targetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFCFED11797EA894FCE54607" blockId="3.[124,1462,1708,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED11797EA894FF7847F2" bold="true" box="[124,214,1708,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCFED1179D9A895FE0347F2" authority="Wisshak & Neumann, 2018" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[219,429,1709,1730]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="carnelia" status="igen. et isp. n.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED1179D9A895FE0347F2" box="[219,429,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neodendrina carnelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAD657AFFFCFED1178B0A895FD9847F2" box="[434,566,1709,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">igen. et isp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
on the inner side of a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCFED117A06A895FC0247F2" baseAuthorityName="Roding" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[772,940,1709,1730]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117A06A895FC0247F2" box="[772,940,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tridacna maxima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117B50A8F2FDC347D0" bold="true" box="[594,621,1738,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(a)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCFED117DB4A8F2FA8F47EF" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[1206,1313,1738,1759]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="carnelia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117DB4A8F2FA8F47EF" box="[1206,1313,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. carnelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFCFED117BD3A8DFFCB347CC" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1837" box="[721,797,1767,1788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Entobia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117BD3A8DFFCB347CC" box="[721,797,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Entobia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
isp.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117A49A8DFFCC647CD" bold="true" box="[843,872,1767,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(b)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117A28A93CFCEB462A" bold="true" box="[810,837,1796,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(c)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Close-up of the holotype trace.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFCFED117D7FA93CFB1F462A" bold="true" box="[1149,1201,1796,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">(d–e)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="D7EE664EFFC8ED16797EA872FF49461C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[124,191,1610,1632]" targetBox="[132,1455,257,1579]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFC8ED16797EA872FF49461C" blockId="4.[124,1462,1610,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED16797EA872FF774750" bold="true" box="[124,217,1610,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
SEM images (BSE detector) of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC8ED167B14A872FD44476F" authority="Wisshak & Neumann, 2018" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[534,746,1610,1631]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="carnelia" status="igen. et isp. n.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167B14A872FD44476F" box="[534,746,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Neodendrina carnelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAD657AFFFC8ED167BF3A873FCD24750" box="[753,892,1611,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">igen. et isp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
of the inner side of a
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC8ED167D54A872FAAE476F" baseAuthorityName="Roding" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1110,1280,1610,1631]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167D54A872FAAE476F" box="[1110,1280,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tridacna maxima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167ABDA85FFC5F474D" bold="true" box="[959,1009,1639,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(a–c)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Overview and close-ups of the holotype.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167C80A85FFA18474D" bold="true" box="[1410,1462,1639,1661]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(d–e)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167B8FA8BCFD1347AA" bold="true" box="[653,701,1668,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(f–g)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host’s shell surface.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167A78A899FC384787" bold="true" box="[890,918,1697,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(h)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167C60A887FAD747E5" bold="true" box="[1378,1401,1727,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(i)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC8ED167BEAA8E4FCB747C2" bold="true" box="[744,793,1756,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">(j–k)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="D7EE664EFFC9ED17797EAD70FCDE42A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10965449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965449/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[124,191,840,862]" targetBox="[154,1435,177,808]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFC9ED17797EAD70FCDE42A8" blockId="5.[124,1462,840,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED17797EAD70FF78426E" bold="true" box="[124,214,840,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED1779D9AD70FE03426D" authority="Wisshak & Neumann, 2018" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[219,429,840,861]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="carnelia" status="igen. et isp. n.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED1779D9AD70FE03426D" box="[219,429,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Neodendrina carnelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AAD657AFFFC9ED1778B0AD70FD98426D" box="[434,566,840,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">igen. et isp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
on the outer surface of a large recent
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED177A94AD70FBFF426D" authorityName="de Lamarck" authorityYear="1819" box="[918,1105,840,861]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="squamosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177A94AD70FBFF426D" box="[918,1105,840,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tridacna squamosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671).
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177888AD5DFE0B424B" bold="true" box="[394,421,869,891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(a)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177D1CAD5DFB94424B" bold="true" box="[1054,1082,869,891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(b)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Close-up of a cluster of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED177C27AD5DFA3E424A" authorityName="Wisshak & Neumann" authorityYear="2018" box="[1317,1424,869,890]" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Neodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="carnelia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177C27AD5DFA3E424A" box="[1317,1424,869,890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. carnelia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177C99AD5DFA18424B" bold="true" box="[1435,1462,869,891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(c)</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFC9ED17797EAB81FD444780" blockId="5.[124,767,1465,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED17797EAB81FEC944E1" bold="true" box="[124,359,1465,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Additional material</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: More than a hundred microboring specimens remained preserved on the inner shell surface of the same
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED177808ABC1FE674721" baseAuthorityName="Roding" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[266,457,1529,1553]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177808ABC1FE674721" box="[266,457,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tridacna maxima</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
bivalve shell that bears the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFC9ED17797EA821FF774700" box="[124,217,1561,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFC9ED1779EAA821FE984700" box="[232,310,1561,1584]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[124,191,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,257,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@3.[226,1360,245,1677]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In addition, a number of specimens were identified on the outer surface of a large recent
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44914D45FFC9ED177B9DA801FE104740" authority="de Lamarck, 1819" authorityName="de Lamarck" authorityYear="1819" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cardiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="squamosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED177B9DA801FF484741" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tridacna squamosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E7004B37FFC9ED1779F1A861FE104740" author="de Lamarck, J. - B. M." box="[243,446,1625,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref5151" refString="de Lamarck, J. - B. M.: Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertLbres. Tome sixiLme, 1 re partie, published by the Author, Paris, vi + 343 pp., 1819." type="book" year="1819">de Lamarck, 1819</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
valve (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="1BAA2A43FFC9ED177B1AA861FDF34740" box="[536,605,1625,1648]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[124,191,840,862]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,177,808]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[150,1435,177,808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the outer surface of a large recent Tridacna squamosa valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671). (a) Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces. (b) Close-up of a cluster of N. carnelia. (c) A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10965449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10965449/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) stored at the Museum für Naturkunde
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4155F824FFC9ED1778B1A841FE5647A0" box="[435,504,1657,1680]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FB867656FFC9ED177B13A841FDDD47A0" box="[529,627,1657,1680]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="E580AE03FFC9ED177B92A841FD6447A0" box="[656,714,1657,1680]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
/Mol 102671), originating from Nosy-BØ, northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FB867656FFC9ED177B66A8A1FD484780" box="[612,742,1689,1712]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="CB8B654DFFC9ED17797EA8EFFD3C461F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="832E36C6FFC9ED17797EA8EFFD3C461F" blockId="5.[124,767,1751,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B1E5EAD4FFC9ED17797EA8EFFF4D47DF" bold="true" box="[124,227,1751,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Spot checks of morphometrical measurements taken from the additional
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FB867656FFC9ED1778D7A8C0FDFB463F" box="[469,597,1784,1807]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
material plot in the range of the specimens from the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="5C2A8864FFC9ED1778FDA920FD83461F" box="[511,557,1816,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
material.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|