treatments-xml/data/03/B0/14/03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B.xml

<document id="6D665EF02EC212FE2D0B9614210EA6C7" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Narella aurantiaca Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C34791B21F2226C1E2494658EB86674F">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3079CEAA5384E8AF577A2C0E74825D33">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA76CC6CFA46FDF96D" box="[151,463,1765,1792]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6CFA46FDF96D" blockId="30.[151,463,1765,1827]" box="[151,463,1765,1792]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFF0FFDA76CC6CFA46FDF96D" bold="true" box="[151,463,1765,1792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6CFA46FDF96D" bold="true" box="[151,463,1765,1792]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA76CC6CFA464CF96D" ID-CoL="45PM8" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,382,1765,1792]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6CFA464CF96D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1765,1792]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFF0FFDA77D76CFA46FDF96D" box="[396,463,1765,1791]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA76CC6D164645F8B1" box="[151,375,1801,1827]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6D164645F8B1" blockId="30.[151,463,1765,1827]" box="[151,375,1801,1827]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA76CC6D1647ECF8B1" box="[151,222,1801,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
K–L, 16A–K
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDB76CC6D4E4575FF45" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6D4E465FF81D" blockId="30.[151,1437,1873,2044]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6D4E462AF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,280,1873,1899]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA77276D4D46C5F8F9" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[380,503,1874,1899]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77276D4D46C5F8F9" box="[380,503,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin for orange colored), in allusion to the orange color of the colony and its commensal ophiuroids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6D8642AEF869" blockId="30.[151,1437,1873,2044]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C6D8646C7F821" bold="true" box="[199,501,1944,1971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Types and Type Locality</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA74676D864593F821" box="[572,673,1945,1971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, now in three parts, and SEM stubs 
<date id="FFA783A9FFF0FFDA72156D8743FBF821" box="[1102,1225,1944,1971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2411" valueMax="2415">2411-2415</date>
, USNM 1424215. 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA76CC6DA247CFF845" box="[151,253,1981,2007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77536DA14618F845" box="[264,298,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">EX</emphasis>
<date id="FFA783A9FFF0FFDA77716DA3469DF845" box="[298,431,1980,2007]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1708-05-12">1708-12-05</date>
, 30.440˚N, 164.01˚W (Mussorgsky Seamount, Musicians Seamounts), 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA72916DA24213F845" box="[1226,1313,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.983" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1983.0">1983 m</quantity>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF0FFDA73776DA24247F869" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117761641" collectionCode="USNM" country="Kiribati" elevation="1112" location="Nikumaroro" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 1467597" specimenCount="1">
fragments of a colony, 
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFF0FFDA777B6DFE46ECF869" box="[288,478,2016,2043]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 1467597</specimenCode>
; 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77B26DFD453FF869" box="[489,525,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FK</emphasis>
17-358, 3˚35.702’S, 174˚9.265’W (off 
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFF0FFDA759A6DFE437FF869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF0FFE576CC6CFA438CFA3B:8EC6F3B2FFF0FFDA759A6DFE437FF869" box="[961,1101,2017,2043]" country="Kiribati" name="Nikumaroro" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nikumaroro</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA720C6DFE423FF86E" box="[1111,1293,2017,2044]" name="Kiribati" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
), 
<elevation id="0034425AFFF0FFDA737B6DFE4247F869" box="[1312,1397,2017,2043]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1112.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA737B6DFE4247F869" box="[1312,1397,2017,2043]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1112.0">1112 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
, 27
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF1FFDB76CC6A864575FF45" blockId="31.[151,1436,152,216]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF1FFDB76CC6A864663FF21" box="[151,337,153,179]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2017-10-01">October 2017, 1</date>
colony, Temple University. 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF1FFDB74CD6A8645FCFF21" box="[662,718,153,179]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
Locality: 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB751D6A85445AFF21" box="[838,872,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">EX</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF1FFDB75336A8646B0FF45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117761649" collectingDate="1606-01-08" country="Wake Island" elevation="745" location="Wake Island" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1">
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF1FFDB75336A8644D3FF21" box="[872,993,153,179]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1606-01-08">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF1FFDB75336A8644D3FF21" box="[872,993,153,179]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1606-01-08">1606-8-01</date>
</collectingDate>
: 19.3304˚N, 166.6038˚E (northwest of 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF1FFDB76CC6AA24614FF4A" box="[151,294,189,216]" name="Wake Island" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Wake Island</collectingCountry>
), 
<elevation id="0034425AFFF1FFDB77626AA346B0FF45" box="[313,386,188,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="745.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF1FFDB77626AA346B0FF45" box="[313,386,188,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="745.0">745 m</quantity>
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<date id="FFA783A9FFF1FFDB77D56AA24571FF45" box="[398,579,189,215]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="2016-08-10">10 August 2016</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFF1FFDB76CC6D4546D0F84C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" targetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF1FFDB76CC6D4546D0F84C" blockId="31.[151,1436,1882,2015]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB76CC6D454612F8E1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1882,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF1FFDB777D6D4446F4F8E1" authorityName=": Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityYear="2007" box="[294,454,1883,1907]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB777D6D4446F4F8E1" box="[294,454,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Narella horrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, USNM 1453686: 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB74D26D4545A9F8E1" bold="true" box="[649,667,1882,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB72EF6D4443F7F8E1" bold="true" box="[1204,1221,1883,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
, stereo view of basal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB76BA6D614620F805" bold="true" box="[225,274,1918,1943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C–D</emphasis>
, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB75766D60440CF805" bold="true" box="[813,830,1919,1943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
, basal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB75946D6044ECF805" bold="true" box="[975,990,1919,1943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">F</emphasis>
, medial scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB72DB6D6143A6F805" bold="true" box="[1152,1172,1918,1943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G</emphasis>
, buccal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB73696D604274F805" bold="true" box="[1330,1350,1919,1943]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
, adaxial buccal scales 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB777F6DBC4656F828" box="[292,356,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">in situ</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB772A6DBC4649F829" bold="true" box="[369,379,1955,1979]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I</emphasis>
, opercular scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB74626DBC4574F829" bold="true" box="[569,582,1955,1979]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">J</emphasis>
, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB75BC6DBC44C9F829" bold="true" box="[999,1019,1955,1979]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K</emphasis>
, coenenchymal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB72B76DBC43CFF829" bold="true" box="[1260,1277,1955,1979]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L</emphasis>
, coenenchymal scales, 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF1FFDB76BB6DD8462DF84C" box="[224,287,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">in situ</emphasis>
. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFCEFFE476CC6D5E437AF833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" targetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCEFFE476CC6D5E437AF833" blockId="32.[151,1436,1857,1954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE476CC6D5E4612F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,288,1857,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCEFFE4777C6D5D46DBF8C8" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,489,1858,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE4777C6D5D46DBF8C8" box="[295,489,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Narella aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype: 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE474076D5E455CF8C8" bold="true" box="[604,622,1857,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
, stereo view of two polyp whorls. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE4758A6D5D4333F8C8" bold="true" box="[977,1025,1858,1882]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B–D</emphasis>
, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE4779A6D7946E0F8EC" bold="true" box="[449,466,1894,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
, basal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE474386D794540F8EC" bold="true" box="[611,626,1894,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
, medial scale. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE475506D7A442DF8EC" bold="true" box="[779,799,1893,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
, buccal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE475E46D7944E1F8EC" bold="true" box="[959,979,1894,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
, adaxial buccal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE472996D7943FEF8EC" bold="true" box="[1218,1228,1894,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
, opercular scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE473D26D7942A4F8EC" bold="true" box="[1417,1430,1894,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
, coenenchymal scales. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCEFFE477226D9546BFF830" bold="true" box="[377,397,1930,1954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFCFFFE5769C6ABD4535FF2F" box="[199,519,162,189]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6ABD4535FF2F" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" box="[199,519,162,189]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5769C6ABD469DFF2F" bold="true" box="[199,431,162,189]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material Examined</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE577E66ABC4531FF2F" box="[445,515,163,189]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFCFFFE5769C6AD9436AFAF2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6AD946FEFE06" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5769C6AD94663FF73" bold="true" box="[199,337,198,225]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE577CB6AD946C0FF72" box="[400,498,198,224]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected intact, measuring 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE575076AD94492FF73" box="[860,928,198,225]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
in height and 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE572656AD943B3FF73" box="[1086,1153,198,225]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
in width, with a calcified basal stem 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE577496AF54655FE97" box="[274,359,234,261]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter; the colony is uniplanar. Branching is sparse and equal-dichotomous, with quite long terminal branches up to 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE577FD6B1146DEFEBB" box="[422,492,270,297]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
in length; most branching occurs near the base of the colony (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE572FC6B1143CEFEBA" box="[1191,1276,270,296]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1L</figureCitation>
). The color of the colony is white to pale orange. The polyps are arranged in moderately closely spaced (3–3.5/cm) whorls of four to six polyps; the whorl diameter ranges from 6.5–7.0 mm. The horizontal length of mature polyps is 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE5734E6B4942AFFEE3" box="[1301,1437,342,369]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.2 mm</quantity>
in their contracted position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6B81438CFCB2" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The basal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE577D76B81453DFE2B" box="[396,527,414,441]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16B, E</figureCitation>
) stand perpendicular to the branch and are up to 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE572686B8143BBFE2B" box="[1075,1161,414,441]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
in height, the distalmost 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE576CC6BDD4609FE4F" box="[151,315,450,477]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.675" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.70 mm</quantity>
projecting as a cowl encircling its attachment to the proximal edge of the medial scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE573736BDD42BDFE4F" box="[1320,1423,450,477]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
), their edge being smooth (i.e., not serrate or spinose). The dorsolateral edge of the basal scale is rounded and does not bear ridges; none of the body wall scales are ridged, but all are covered with a low granulation. The adaxial edges of the basal scales do not meet (open position, 
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE574DF683145D9FDDB" box="[644,747,558,585]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
). When a polychaete commensal is present (usually only near the base of the colony), the basolateral edges of adjacent buccal scales are modified (reflected) to form a circular worm tube about 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE577036869469FFD03" box="[344,429,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. The medial scales are much shorter (
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE5759568694367FD03" box="[974,1109,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
in length) and narrower, having a highly concave outer surface. The broad buccal scales are up to 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE575FF688544C8FD27" box="[932,1018,666,693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
in length, forming a cowl around the opercular scales. The distal edges of all body wall scales are rounded (not serrate or spinose). The ratio of the major body wall scales is approximately: 1: 0.44: 0.65.There is one pair of elliptical adaxial buccal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE572A168FD42BDFD6F" box="[1274,1423,738,765]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs. 16D, H</figureCitation>
), measuring 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE57748691946A8FCB3" box="[275,410,774,801]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
in greater diameter, the lower adaxial portion of the polyp being naked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C69354674FC22" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
The abaxial opercular scales are symmetrical, 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE5748A6935446AFCD7" box="[721,856,810,837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
in length, and have an L:W of about 1.4. The outer and inner lateral operculars are similar in size and shape, 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE5754269514492FCFB" box="[793,928,846,873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 mm</quantity>
in length, slightly asymmetrical, and have an L:W of about 2.1. The adaxial operculars are the smallest, only 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE57538696D44DBFC1F" box="[867,1001,882,909]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 mm</quantity>
in length, symmetrical, and have an L: W of about 2.3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C69A546C1FBF6" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
There are two 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE5772A69A4469EFC47" box="[369,428,955,981]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
of coenenchymal scales. Some are roughly rectangular, up to 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE5722669A543E4FC47" box="[1149,1238,954,981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in greater width, thin, and flat (unridged), having several thin, shallow notches or indentations on their edges, which gives them an irregular outline (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE577006E1D4689FB8F" box="[347,443,1026,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16J</figureCitation>
). The second 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE5740F6E1C45B6FB8F" box="[596,644,1027,1053]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
is roughly the same size and shape but bears tall vertical ridges that fit into the peripheral notches of the other 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE574096E3845B0FBD3" box="[594,642,1063,1089]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
of scale (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE574AB6E394464FBD3" box="[752,854,1062,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16K</figureCitation>
) thus forming an interlocking structure that inhibits lateral movement of the scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6E714278FB1B" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" box="[199,1354,1134,1161]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Pinnular scales are about 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE577BE6E71457BFB1B" box="[485,585,1134,1161]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE574B26E71447FFB1B" box="[745,845,1134,1161]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
in width, flat, and slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFCFFFE572836E71420FFB1B" box="[1240,1341,1134,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1857,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1391,225,1812]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 16. Narella aurantiaca, holotype: A, stereo view of two polyp whorls. B–D, stereo views of lateral, oblique abaxial, and adaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scale. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. K, stereo view of interlocking coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614997/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 16L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6E8D436AFAF2" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5769C6E8D4654FB3F" bold="true" box="[199,358,1170,1197]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Comparisons</emphasis>
. Among the 27 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCFFFE574C96E8D45D5FB3E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[658,743,1170,1196]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE574C96E8D45D5FB3E" box="[658,743,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Narella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that lack dorsolateral ridges on the basal scale, 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCFFFE5735B6E8C42AEFB3E" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1280,1436,1171,1197]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5735B6E8C4221FB3E" box="[1280,1299,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5737A6E8C42AEFB3E" box="[1313,1436,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCFFFE5747C6EA8446AFB42" authority="(Studer, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[551,856,1206,1232]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5747C6EA8459EFB42" box="[551,684,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N. ambigua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFCFFFE574E76EA94463FB42" author="Studer, T." box="[700,849,1206,1232]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="53 - 69" refId="ref29037" refString="Studer, T. (1894) Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (5), 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="1894">Studer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a species known only from the Galápagos and off 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFCFFFE576CC6EC447C2FB67" box="[151,240,1243,1269]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Panama</collectingCountry>
at 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE577496EC546ADFB67" box="[274,415,1242,1269]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0825" metricValueMax="1.463" metricValueMin="0.702" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1082.5" valueMax="1463.0" valueMin="702.0">702–1463 m</quantity>
(Cairns 2018). It differs in having only one pair (not four) of adaxial body wall scales, and in having ridged interlocking coenenchymal scales, the latter character unique to this species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCFFFE572F66EE142B1FA8A" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1197,1411,1278,1304]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE572F66EE142B1FA8A" box="[1197,1411,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Narella aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFCFFFE577666F3C451FFAAF" authority="Bayer, 1951" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1951" box="[317,557,1314,1341]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leilae">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE577666F3C46AEFAAE" box="[317,412,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N. leilae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFCFFFE577F86F3C451FFAAF" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[419,557,1314,1341]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="40 - 43" refId="ref26718" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1951) Two new primnoid corals of the subfamily Calyptrophorinae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 41 (1), 40 - 43." type="journal article" year="1951">Bayer, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, known from 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFCFFFE574916F3D4405FAAE" box="[714,823,1314,1340]" name="Indonesia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
at 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE575016F3D4491FAAF" box="[858,931,1314,1341]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="740.0">740 m</quantity>
, but differs by having larger polyps, rounded (not serrate) buccal and basal scales, and in having interlocking coenenchymal scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFCFFFE5769C6F7444AFFA16" box="[199,925,1386,1413]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6F7444AFFA16" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" box="[199,925,1386,1413]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5769C6F744606FA17" bold="true" box="[199,308,1387,1413]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks</emphasis>
. Two orange ophiuroids were attached to the 
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFCFFFE5756F6F7544A8FA16" box="[820,922,1386,1412]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFCFFFE5769C6F91438CFA3B" box="[199,1214,1422,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFCFFFE5769C6F91438CFA3B" blockId="33.[151,1437,162,1449]" box="[199,1214,1422,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFCFFFE5769C6F91466BFA3B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1422,1449]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution</emphasis>
. Off 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFCFFFE577CF6F914513FA3A" box="[404,545,1422,1448]" name="Wake Island" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Wake Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFCFFFE574766F9145D0FA3A" box="[557,738,1422,1448]" name="Kiribati" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Phoenix Islands</collectingCountry>
, and Mussorgsky Seamount, 
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFCFFFE572716F914388FA3B" box="[1066,1210,1422,1449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.364" metricValueMax="1.983" metricValueMin="0.745" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1364.0" valueMax="1983.0" valueMin="745.0">745–1983 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>