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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="EFFB8DA8E7EFA589053DDD6506FF24F1" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi P. M. Peterson 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1668139139961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>114</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>123</mods:start>
<mods:end>206</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-114-123</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2533527</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EFFB8DA8E7EFA589053DDD6506FF24F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFFB8DA8E7EFA589053DDD6506FF24F1" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="54" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="177">
18.
<taxonomicName LSID="B28B33A1-F1E9-5267-B3BE-0FD9B02A72BF" authority="P. M. Peterson" authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="54" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi" status="sp. nov.">Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi P.M. Peterson</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="54" pageNumber="177">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 12. Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi P. M. Peterson A habit B ligule C spikelet D lower glume E upper glume F lemma, lateral view G lemma, dorsal view H palea, dorsal view I palea, lateral view J palea, ventral view K lodicules, stamens, and pistil L caryopsis. Drawings from the holotype collection P. M. Peterson, R. J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20331." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254053" pageId="54" pageNumber="177">Fig. 12A-L</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="178">
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="178" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="178">
Peru. Depto.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Pachitea, 21 air km NE of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, 7 km E of Puerto Rancho jtn on road to Panao, along
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.9" value="-9.829416">9°49'45.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.9" value="-76.05359">76°3'12.9&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2094 m, 6 Mar 2007,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">P.M. Peterson 20331, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko</emphasis>
(holotype: US-3730646!; isotypes: MO!, USM!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="55" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="178">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">
Loosely caespitose to densely tufted,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">annuals</emphasis>
to short-lived
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">perennials</emphasis>
with delicate bases, flowering the first year.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">Culms</emphasis>
20-40 cm tall, erect or decumbent at the base, branching at the lower and middle nodes, scaberulous below the terete nodes;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">internodes</emphasis>
generally 2.0-9.5 cm long.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
4.0-7.5 cm long, glabrous or scaberulous, commonly shorter than the internodes;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">ligules</emphasis>
1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.0(–">-3.0(-</normalizedToken>
5.0) mm long, hyaline, apex acute to obtuse, often lacerate with age;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">blades</emphasis>
3-12 cm long, 1.2-2.5 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, scaberulous to glabrous below and scabrous above.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">Panicles</emphasis>
7-15 cm long, 0.6-2 cm wide, narrow and contracted to loosely spreading, interrupted below, terminal and axillary, 15-23 nodes per panicle;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">primary branches</emphasis>
3.5-7.5 cm long, usually one per node, when immature the branches mostly appressed and ascending, when mature the branches sometimes widely spreading up to 50° from the rachises;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">pedicels</emphasis>
1-3 mm long, usually shorter than the spikelets, antrorsely scabrous, stout, appressed.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">Spikelets</emphasis>
2-4 mm long, erect, stramineous to purplish;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="178">glumes</emphasis>
1-2.8 mm long, unequal, 1-nerved, scabrous along the nerves, apex acute to acuminate, often mucronate or erose,
<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="179" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
mucro up to 0.5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">lower glumes</emphasis>
1-2.0 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">upper glumes</emphasis>
1.5-2.8 mm long, more than
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
as long as the lemma;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">lemmas</emphasis>
2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.5(–">-3.5(-</normalizedToken>
4.0) mm long, lanceolate, widest near base, awned, scaberulous above and villous on proximal 1/2 along the margins and the midvein, the hairs 0.5-1.5 mm long, callus short-pubescent, the awn 10-30 mm long, scabrous, flexuous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">paleas</emphasis>
1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3.4(–">-3.4(-</normalizedToken>
3.8) mm long, lanceolate, sparsely appressed pubescent between the nerves on the proximal
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">anthers</emphasis>
0.3-0.4 mm long, purplish, yellow with age.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Caryopses</emphasis>
1.0-2.2 mm long, narrowly fusiform, terete, brownish.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533665" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254053" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" start="Figure 12" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P.M. Peterson
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">B</emphasis>
ligule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">C</emphasis>
spikelet
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">D</emphasis>
lower glume
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">E</emphasis>
upper glume
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">F</emphasis>
lemma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">G</emphasis>
lemma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">H</emphasis>
palea, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">I</emphasis>
palea, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">J</emphasis>
palea, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">K</emphasis>
lodicules, stamens, and pistil
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">L</emphasis>
caryopsis. Drawings from the holotype collection
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20331</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
Endemic to Peru and known only from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="179" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on rocky slopes and limestone rock outcrops in grasslands with
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida adscensionis" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="adscensionis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Aristida adscensionis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens" order="Campanulales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Bothriochloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriochloa" order="Cactales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Bothriochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis nigricans" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Eragrostis nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Steud.,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium" order="Campanulales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Eupatorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Melinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melinus minutiflora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Melinus minutiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desv" authorityYear="1831" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Microchloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microchloa kunthii" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Microchloa kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Desv.,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ciliata" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="rigida">M. rigida</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Nassella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; 1800-2500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="179" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">We honour Dr. Konstantin Romaschenko (born 1969) who accompanied PMP and Robert J. Soreng on the collecting trip in which material of the species was gathered.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="179" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having longer acute to acuminate glumes (1-2.8 mm long) and by lacking cleistogamous panicles present in the axils of the lower sheaths.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia tenuifolia" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kunth, a species ranging from southern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, U.S.A., throughout
<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
and then again in Venezuela, Bolivia and Argentina, is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in having yellowish anthers 0.9-1.5 mm long (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B24" refString="Peterson, PM, 2003. 17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 145-201." title="17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 145 - 201." year="2003">Peterson 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="933 - 1000" refId="B36" refString="Peterson, P, Valdes-Reyna, J, Herrera Arrieta, Y, 2007b. Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae): from northeastern Mexico. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1: 933 - 1000" title="Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae): from northeastern Mexico." volume="1" year="2007 b">Peterson et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="21 - 54" refId="B28" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2011. Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina. Caldasia 33: 21 - 54" title="Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina." volume="33" year="2011">
Peterson and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B29" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2012. Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140-154." title="Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Zuloaga FO, Rugolo ZE, Anton AMR (Eds) Flora Argentina, Flora Vascular de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 3, Tomo 1, Monocotyledoneae, Poaceae: Aristidoideae a Pharoideae. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 140 - 154." year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
). Initially we thought the new species was
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. tenuiofolia" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tenuiofolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. tenuiofolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with immature anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long. However, our collection of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes well-developed florets with mature caryopses and anthers. Therefore, the observed small anthers in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not a result of immaturity but represent a genetic difference, from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. tenuifolia" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is not known in Peru.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Muhlenbergia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Muhlenbergia</taxonomicName>
, is sister to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. spiciformis" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="spiciformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. spiciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Trin. (plastid marker), a species known from south-western United States and throughout Mexico whereas ITS marker aligns it within the
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. tenuifolia" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tenuifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. tenuifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">1B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia spiciformis" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spiciformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia spiciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species in having shorter glumes 0.3-1 mm long and larger anthers 0.9-1.6 mm long (
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B24" refString="Peterson, PM, 2003. 17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 145-201." title="17.33 Muhlenbergia Schreb. In: Barkworth ME, Capels KM, Long S, Piep MB (Eds) Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2 Flora of North America North of Mexico, Vol 25. Oxford University Press, New York, 145 - 201." year="2003">Peterson 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="933 - 1000" refId="B36" refString="Peterson, P, Valdes-Reyna, J, Herrera Arrieta, Y, 2007b. Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae): from northeastern Mexico. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1: 933 - 1000" title="Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae): from northeastern Mexico." volume="1" year="2007 b">Peterson et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
). These results suggest multiple origins for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from North and South American progenitors. Similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. caxamarcenis" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="caxamarcenis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">M. caxamarcenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this scenario appears to be a common pattern of speciation for South American species of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, needing further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="179" type="specimen examined">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
Peru.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="179">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: between
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
and Tingo
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, vereda Taruka, 17 km NE of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
in valley of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga, T. Croat 57781 (MO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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